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FOUO—TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY DAU—CON 334 HEADQUARTERS, U.S. EUROPEAN COMMAND Unit 30400, Stuttgart, Germany APO AE 09131 1 July 201X

USEUCOM OPORD 400X-01 NATO COALITION TASK FORCE—OPERATION GUARDIAN EAGLE

(U) REFERENCES*:

a. CDRUSEUCOM CONPLAN 400X, 1 January 201X. b. CDRUSEUCOM DEPORD 400X, 1 February 201X. c. (U) JP 5-0 Joint Operation Planning, 11 August 2011. d. (U) JP 3-22 Foreign Internal Defense, 12 July 2010. e. (S) Order of (CINC OB). f. Map, NIMA series 2201, sheet reference e, scale 1:1,000,000.

* denotes fictitious plans/orders or documents; included to provide realism to training products.

1. Situation a. General (1) In March 2014, the internationally recognized Ukrainian territory of Crimea was annexed by the Russian Federation. From the time of the annexation, Russia has de facto administered the territory as two federal subjects—the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol—within the Crimean Federal District. The intervention and annexation by Russia took place in the aftermath of the Ukrainian Revolution. It was a part of the wider unrest across southern and eastern Ukraine. (2) The Ukrainian military reported intensive movement of troops and equipment from Russia into the separatist controlled parts of eastern Ukraine. An Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Special Monitoring Mission observed convoys of heavy and tanks in DPR-controlled territory without insignias. As many as 7,000 Russian troops were reported inside Ukraine in early November 2014. b. Joint Operational Area (1) Composed of multiple areas of operations within , Romania, and Bulgaria. (2) Borders and coastlines shared with Russia and Ukraine. c. Deterrent Options (1) NATO Task Force conducts military operations to deter the Russian military forces from acts of and aggression. NATO Task Force begins planning and conducting military exercises as a flexible deterrent option. NATO Task Force will establish liaisons with host nation and local governments, military forces, and national police in order to ensure a cohesive deterrence and defense effort. Throughout Operational Phases, NATO Task Force will maintain a careful balance between military operations and demonstrating U.S. and host nation resolve. Collection efforts will focus on those indicators that provide early warning and reduce ambiguity regarding Russia’s intentions. This will provide NATO Task Force the opportunity to act proactively as well as reactively. NATO Task Force’s Information Operations will emphasize the themes of U.S./European resolve to protect all countries’ citizens and property and the legitimacy of the mission. Additionally, NATO Task Force will gain and maintain dominance of the electro-magnetic spectrum, emphasizing the supporting nature of U.S. involvement and the futility of Russia’s aggression. d. Enemy Forces

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(1) Refer to Annex B, this OPLAN. (2) The Russian military forces have been increasingly aggressive in their reconnaissance activities and the intensity of their military training as conventional, medium to large size operational units is evident. There has been a build-up of Russian military forces along the Ukrainian border and within Crimea. (3) There is no known support from outside governments, but Russian operatives have been able to gather support from rebels within Crimea. (4) Russian military forces possess a level of sophistication that exceeds that of Ukraine, but are smaller than the NATO Task Force. They have twice as many active uniformed personnel, many self- propelled pieces, air defenses suites, in addition to submarines, torpedo boats, and anti-ship craft in nearby waters. (5) Centers of Gravity (a) The enemy’s strategic centers of gravity are mass and leadership. (b) The enemy’s operational center of gravity is the military force’s ability to conduct operational combat for a prolonged duration. e. Friendly Forces (1) Centers of Gravity (a) The center of gravity is the NATO alliance being steadfast and united. (b) The friendly strategic center of gravity is primarily in Poland, Romania, and Bulgaria, along with support from the United Nations, and support for U.S. intervention and combat operations. (c) The friendly operational center of gravity is force projection. (2) Relationships with Internal and Foreign Nations and Organizations. (3) Ukraine Forces (a) Army. Ukraine has a moderate with strength of 200,000, which can be boosted to roughly 750,000 with reservists. The army is currently over extended protecting key installations and facilities from Russian and Pro-Russian Rebel attacks. The government remains supportive of the international community and U.S. interests in eliminating the threat of attack by Russian military forces, but is unable to adequately protect itself from attack. The Special Operation Command, by direction of the Ukrainian Government, is equipped to provide limited assistance to U.S. military operations. (b) Air Force. The Air Force is fully committed to be integrated into the ACC air campaign and maintain a joint headquarters with the ACC Commander. (c) Navy. The fleet currently has 11 operational ships. The main force of its fleet consists of 1 modern frigate commissioned in 1993 as well as 4 other corvettes. Most of the Ukrainian ships in Sevastopol were taken by the Russian Black Sea Fleet, including several aircraft and other equipment in March 2014, but returned the following month through an agreement reached between Russia and Ukraine to return Ukrainian Navy materials to Ukraine proper. (4) The following commands and agencies will support operations as indicated. (a) Department of State (DOS) 1. Obtain use of foreign bases, over flight rights, and transit rights, as required, and establish Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA) in the Joint Operations Area. 2. Seek political advocacy of other nations in the region to affect assistance in combating military forces. 3. Initiate political and diplomatic activity to gain international support including the United Nations for economic sanctions and possible military support.

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4. Assist in the arrangement of host nation support. 5. In the event of Noncombatant Evacuation Operations (NEO), serve as the lead agency for tracking US civilian personnel. 6. Provide guidance and direct the evacuation of U.S. citizens and other qualified foreign nationals from the Joint Operations Area (JOA). (b) USTRANSCOM 1. Provide strategic airlift and forces and closure estimates for deploying forces. 2. Assist in deployment and redeployment planning and schedule strategic airlift and sealift for deploying forces. 3. Provide Noncombatant Evacuation airlift and sealift, when requested. (c) USSOCOM 1. Provide Special Operations forces as required by NATO Task Force. f. Assumptions (1) NATO forces will have strong support from host nation governments, institutions, and civilian populations. (2) NATO exercises will not interfere with host nation or European Union commerce activities. g. Legal Considerations (1) Exercises will comply with the NATO standard operating procedures. Reference Annex C of this OPLAN. (2) It is the duty of a force and its civilian component and the members thereof as well as their dependents to respect the law of the receiving State, and to abstain from any activity inconsistent with the spirit of the present Agreement, and, in particular, from any political activity in the receiving State. It is also the duty of the sending State to take necessary of measures to that end. (3) A formal Status of Force Agreements (SOFAs) negotiated with participating nations will determine the jurisdiction over military , DoD civilian personnel and contractors authorized to accompany the force.. Criminal acts committed by US personnel may reside under the jurisdiction of local national courts. Authorized Third Country Nationals supporting US forces, and who are designated as Contractors Authorized to Accompany the Force, will be under the jurisdiction of the Status of Forces Agreement. (4) Bulgaria and Romania are known transit and destination countries for trafficking women and children for forced prostitution. This is a high interest item. In order to discourage Trafficking in Persons, local Commands will report all incidents of human trafficking in accordance with JTF policy and procedures. 2. Mission. When directed, NATO Task Force in coordination with the Governments and of Poland, Romania, and Bulgaria conduct show of force military exercise to strengthen military cooperation and perform tasks related to security and defense of the region to discourage Russian aggression in the region. Success is the Government of Ukraine with its military and law enforcement organizations operating freely within its own borders and pursuing two national objectives: (1) a stable government free of outside military threats and, (2) a State that has gained the upper hand in subversive threats and radical means to overthrow a freely elected government. Force protection will be paramount in all phases. 3. Execution a. Concept of Operations. The operation is envisioned in 5 phases: (1) Pre Alert and Staging, (2) Establish Intermediate Staging Bases, (3) Show of Force Exercises, (4) and Redeployment. Phases may overlap and are condition based (see concept of operations map attachment #1). (1) Commander’s Intent. Conduct exercise operations to create an environment that provides for an independent state that is free to commit to the democracy-building process and free elections without

3 FOR TRAINING ONLY FOUO—TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY DAU—CON 334 outside influence and threats of military . Exercise NATO and Ukrainian military forces to facilitate a stable and free Ukrainian Government. Use of Host Nation and Acquisition Cross Services Agreements to the maximum extent possible to support US forces. (2) General. NATO Task Force Ukraine conducts military exercises within the designated areas of Poland, Romania, and Bulgaria to deter aggressive Russian military forces. (3) Deployment. Designated forces will deploy from CONUS and maritime positions to intermediate staging bases. Dependent on the requirement for surprise and mission urgency, some forces may deploy closer to Russian and Ukrainian borders. To assist with the operation, the Governments of Poland, Romania, and Bulgaria have agreed to provide Intermediate Staging Bases (ISB). (4) Employment. NATO Task Force will deploy, conduct simulated noncombatant evacuation operations at designated sites, and execute combined maneuver operations in Tactical Operations Area(s) (TOAs). OPLAN 9518X-XX execution is complete upon the last JTF unit returning to its home station or follow-on mission location. During each phase of the operation, every precaution should be taken to limit the disruption of host countries’ economic, political, and governmental status. The duration of this operation is 60-days. (a) Phase I, Alert and Staging. Upon receipt of the EXORD, US forces will stage at pre- designated points of departure according to service commanders guidance. Forces will expeditiously transit from CONUS and OCONUS locations to intermediate staging bases in Bulgaria, Romania and Poland. C-Day through C+10. (b) Phase II, Intermediate Staging Bases. Joint Reception, Staging, Onward movement, and Integration (RSOI) capabilities in the ISBs and sustainment to the Joint Operations Area. Movement forward of the ISBs and establishment of Forward Support Bases (FSBs) or Tactical Assembly Areas (TAAs) is the responsibility of COMJTF. The phase ends when the last personnel and unit equipment arrives in the AO and the departure of the last withdrawn element from the APOD has occurred. D-Day through D+19. (c) Phase III, Show of Force Exercises. This phase begins with the establishment of air and naval exclusion zones within the Joint Operations Area. In a coordinated effort with United Nations Military and local National Police Forces, NATO Task Force initiates multiple show of force exercises to demonstrate military capabilities and discourage additional aggressive Russian advances within Ukraine or surrounding areas. D+20 through D+45. (d) Phase IV, Redeployment. (D+45 through D+60). This phase begins upon notification exercises are complete. Redeployment operations may occur throughout all phases as personnel and equipment are deemed excess to mission requirements. This phase and the execution of this OPLAN end when the last NATO Task Force unit arrives at its home station or further deployed location. b. Tasks (1) US Army Forces Europe. Deploy Army units to the following ISBs: (a) Polish military base in Ciechanow, Poland. (b) Bulgaria: 1. Joint Military Facility: Novo Selo Range in Sliven Province. 2. Joint Military Facility: Aitos Logistics Center in Burgas Province. 3. Joint Military Facility: Graf Ignatievo. 4. Joint Military Facility: Bezmer. (2) US Air Forces Europe. Deploy U.S. Air Force units to the following ISBs: (a) 32nd Air Base central town of Lask, Poland. (b) Mihail Kogalniceanu Air Base, Romania.

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(3) US Naval Forces Europe. Deploy U.S. Navy forces to the Black Sea and NATO partner nations’ sea ports. (a) Varna Naval Base, Romania. (4) US Marine Forces Europe. Deploy USMC units to the following ISBs: (a) Polish military base in Ciechanow, Poland. (b) Bulgaria: 1. Joint Military Facility: Novo Selo Range in Sliven Province. 2. Joint Military Facility: Aitos Logistics Center in Burgas Province. (5) US Special Operations Forces Europe. Deploy units to the following ISBs: (a) Joint Military Facility: Novo Selo Range in Sliven Province, Bulgaria. c. Coordinating Instructions (1) Direct liaison is authorized among all Service Components. Keep CFC advised of all significant operational or logistical coordination. (2) Coordination with NATO partner nations is the responsibility of the US Ambassador in the Host Nation and the NATO Supreme Commander. (3) Reporting requirements will be IAW, this OPLAN, its Annexes, and CJCS requirements. (4) Force protection and physical security is essential throughout this operation and will be written into all aspects of planning and execution. 4. Administration and Logistics a. Concept of Support. See appendix D (logistics annex) (1) US Army Europe will provide appropriate logistics support to deployed ground forces. (2) US Air Forces Europe Develop tailored deployment packages to provide anticipated supply service and maintenance support for troops, equipment, and aircraft. (3) US Naval Forces Europe Develop tailored deployment packages to provide anticipated supply service and maintenance support for maritime assets. (4) During deployment, initial priority is to the development of the APODs/SPODs. The secondary mission is sustainment base operations to receive, process, medicate, feed, and transport civilian evacuees. (5) Primary means of intra-theater resupply for all forces is Containerized Delivery System (CDS) and combat off-load. 5. a. Command Relationships. Refer to Annex J. (1) US European Commander exercises Combatant Command Authority over Service Component Command. (2) Subordinate units are OPCON to their respective Service Component Commander b. Command Post (see map overview) (1) [Poland] (2) [Romania] (3) [Bulgaria] c. Command, Control and communications Systems. Refer to Annex K.

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[Name] General, USA Commander in Chief

Annexes:

A—TASK ORGANIZATION B—INTELLIGENCE B—OPERATIONS D—LOGISTICS E—PERSONNEL F—PUBLIC AFFAIRS G—CIVIL AFFAIRS H—METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS J—COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS K—COMMAND, CONTROL, AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS L—ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS M—MAPPING, CHARTING, AND GEODESY N—SPACE OPERATIONS P—HOST-NATION SUPPORT Q—MEDICAL SERVICES S—SPECIAL TECHNICAL OPERATIONS: (PROVIDED UNDER SEPARATE COVER) W—OPERATIONAL CONTRACT SUPPORT X—EXECUTION CHECKLIST

OFFICIAL:

/s/ Name Major General, USAF Director, J5

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