Spatiality in the Narratives of Barbara Honigmann and Emine Sevgi Özdamar
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UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI Date:___________________ I, _________________________________________________________, hereby submit this work as part of the requirements for the degree of: in: It is entitled: This work and its defense approved by: Chair: _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ Rewriting Home and Migration: Spatiality in the Narratives of Barbara Honigmann and Emine Sevgi Özdamar A dissertation submitted to the Division of Research and Advanced Studies at the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Doctorate of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in the Department of German Studies of the College of Arts and Sciences 2007 by Silke Schade Master of Arts, University of Cincinnati 2000 Bachelor of Arts, Smith College 1997 Committee Chair: Professor Katharina Gerstenberger Abstract This dissertation explores the creation of a personal sense of home within the experience of migration in two semi-autobiographical trilogies by contemporaries Barbara Honigmann and Emine Sevgi Özdamar. The interdisciplinary literary analysis draws on the fields of Urban Studies, Gender Studies, and Human Geography to examine the interdependence between these seeming binaries – home and migration – in six works: Honigmann’s Roman von einem Kinde (1986), Eine Liebe aus Nichts (1991), and Damals, dann und danach (1999), and Özdamar’s Das Leben ist eine Karawanswerei (1992), Die Brücke vom Goldenen Horn (1998), and Seltsame Sterne starren zur Erde (2003). The dissertation begins with a discussion of scholarship on Özdamar and Honigmann, and on concepts of home, space, and place, migration, exile, and nomadism. Four central chapters examine each protagonist’s critical engagement with and reinvention of the varied spaces she inhabits. The textual analysis explores physical, social, linguistic, spiritual, and gendered spaces as points of contact between home and migration. It demonstrates the ways in which artistic and literary spaces blur the boundaries between home and away, familiarity and foreignness. In these texts, home and migration emerge not as static concepts, but as two very similar dynamic processes. Özdamar and Honigmann create new and particular perspectives that come out of allegiances to multiple localities, and from real and imagined “double locations.” By taking these works out of their potentially competing fields of German-Jewish Studies and transnational studies and examining them instead through the common lens of spatiality, this dissertation challenges the discourse that locates Honigmann’s and Özdamar’s texts as marginal or “Other” in relation to the ii German literary canon. The dissertation concludes with speculations on the term “cosmopolitanism,” arguing that Özdamar and Honigmann rewrite the term cosmopolitanism as a highly personal and individual patchwork of allegiances to people, places, communities, and traditions. This dissertation extends existing ways of thinking about home, and migration, and cosmopolitanism and explores the permeability of boundaries, not only between these concepts, but between the disciplines of scholarship it draws upon. iii Copyright 2007 Schade, Silke All rights reserved. iv Acknowledgements This dissertation would not have been possible without the kind support of professors, colleagues, and friends. I would first like to thank my advisor, Katharina Gerstenberger, for encouraging my interdisciplinary interests, and for being so generous with her time and helpful with her critique at every stage of the research and writing process. I am grateful to committee members Sara Friedrichsmeyer, who helped me develop my ideas on cosmopolitanism and Heimat, and Todd Herzog, who lent his expertise on German- Jewish literature and gave sound advice on the dissertation-writing process. Karen Eng provided helpful critique on an early draft of this dissertation. I am indebted to the Taft Fund at the University of Cincinnati, whose financial support allowed me to spend a year in Berlin researching this dissertation. I would like to thank the numerous colleagues who shared their ideas with me at various conferences. Dialogs I had with them at the German Studies Association Conferences 2005 and 2006, the Women in German Conference 2005, the Cultural Studies Symposium at Ege University in Turkey in 2005, and the European Studies Conferences at the University of Cincinnati in 2003 and 2004 helped me develop and communicate my ideas. Good friends supported me during the research and writing process. I would like to thank Julia Baker, Laura Traser-Vas, and Aine Zimmerman for their critical readings of conference papers that developed into chapters of this dissertation. Finally, I am grateful to Emily Eagen, Robert Sexton, and Kamal Southall for support of all kinds, and conversation that often sparked my creative energy. v Table of Contents Chapter 1: Double Location: Linking Home and Migration Double Location: Linking Home and Migration................................................................... 1 “Competing Narratives:” German-Jewish and Transnational Literatures ........................ 3 Home, Space, and Place.......................................................................................................... 17 Migration, Exile, and Nomadism........................................................................................... 23 Conclusion................................................................................................................................26 Chapter 2: Literary and Artistic Spaces in Honigmann’s Trilogy Introduction............................................................................................................................. 27 Barbara Honigmann’s Trilogy in Context............................................................................ 28 Honigmann Scholarship ......................................................................................................... 36 Literary Spaces........................................................................................................................ 40 Artistic Spaces: Honigmann as a Painter............................................................................. 47 Conclusion................................................................................................................................56 Chapter 3: Spiritual, Physical, and Social Spaces in Honigmann’s Trilogy Introduction............................................................................................................................. 58 Spiritual Spaces....................................................................................................................... 58 Physical and Social Spaces ..................................................................................................... 68 Reinventing Physical, Social, and Spiritual Spaces.............................................................. 79 Conclusion................................................................................................................................85 Chapter 4: Linguistic, Literary, and Theatrical Spaces in Özdamar’s Trilogy Introduction............................................................................................................................. 86 Emine Sevgi Özdamar’s Trilogy in Context......................................................................... 87 Özdamar Scholarship, Autobiography, and Bildungsroman .............................................. 91 Linguistic Spaces..................................................................................................................... 99 Literary and Theatrical Spaces............................................................................................ 106 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................. 116 Chapter 5: Physical, Social, and Gendered Spaces in Özdamar’s Trilogy Introduction........................................................................................................................... 117 Physical Spaces...................................................................................................................... 118 Historical and Political Spaces............................................................................................. 127 Social Spaces........................................................................................................................... 132 Body, Sexuality, and Gender as Spaces............................................................................... 137 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................. 148 Chapter 6: Conclusion: Rewriting Cosmopolitanisms Introduction........................................................................................................................... 150 Collecting, Connecting, and Reinventing Spaces ............................................................... 151 Challenging a Discourse of Marginality.............................................................................. 157 Rewriting Cosmopolitanisms ............................................................................................... 160 Works Cited..................................................................................................................