DOCSLIB.ORG

"Reconquistando" La Laguna

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“Reconquistando” La Laguna Los Zetas, el Estado y la sociedad organizada, 2007-2014 “Reconquistando” La Laguna Los Zetas, el Estado y la sociedad organizada, 2007-2014 Sergio Aguayo | El Colegio de México y Jacobo Dayán | Universidad Iberoamericana Con la colaboración de Javier Garza Ramos Seminario sobre Violencia y Paz de El Colegio de México Proyecto auspiciado por la Comisión Ejecutiva de Atención a Víctimas y la Fundación Ford 364.106097214 A282r Aguayo, Sergio, 1947- “Reconquistando” La Laguna [recurso electrónico] : los Zetas, el Estado y la sociedad organizada, 2007-2014 / Sergio Aguayo y Jacobo Dayán ; con la colaboración de Javier Garza Ramos. – 1a ed. – Ciudad de México : El Colegio de México, 2020. 1 recurso en línea (167 p.) : il., gráf., mapas, tablas. “Seminario sobre Violencia y paz de El Colegio de México”. “Proyecto auspiciado por la Comisión Ejecutiva de Atención a Víctimas y la Fundación Ford”. ISBN 1. Zetas (Organización criminal) – Comarca Lagunera (Coahuila y Durango). 2. Crimen organizado – Comarca Lagunera (Coahuila y Duran- go). 3. Carteles – Comarca Lagunera (Coahuila y Durango). 4. Víctimas de crímenes violentos – Comarca Lagunera (Coahuila y Durango). 5. Personas desaparecidas – Comarca Lagunera (Coahuila y Durango). I. Dayán, Jacobo, coaut. II. Garza Ramos, Javier, colab. III. t. Primera edición, 2020 D.R. © El Colegio de México, A. C. Carretera Picacho Ajusco núm. 20 Ampliación Fuentes del Pedregal Delegación Tlalpan 14110, Ciudad de México, México www.colmex.mx ISBN Contenido Agradecimientos y lista de entrevistas 9 1. Objetivos de la investigación y tres advertencias 15 2. La violencia de los carteles 23 3. La estrategia oficial 41 4. Los medios de comunicación 55 5. Los empresarios 67 6. Las víctimas y sus colectivos 75 7. Sitios clandestinos de inhumación y zonas de exterminio 83 8. El ocaso de los Zetas 91 9. Lecciones y retos de la “reconquista” 103 7 Anexos 1. Principales hechos de violencia y resistencia social en La Laguna 119 2. Datos de homicidios y desapariciones en La Laguna 130 3. Sitios positivos a restos óseos hallados por Grupo Vida 135 4. Expedientes revisados 137 5. Principales hallazgos en los sitios de inhumación clandestina y zonas de exterminio 138 6. Escisiones de los Zetas 153 7. Expedientes solicitados que no fueron entregados 156 8 Agradecimientos En marzo de 2016, El Colegio de México firmó un con- venio con la Comisión Ejecutiva de Atención a Vícti- mas (ceav) presidida por el Dr. Jaime Rochín, quien fue determinante en la entrega que hizo el gobierno de Coahuila de expedientes judiciales, un insumo esen- cial para En el desamparo y El yugo zeta. Reconocemos su apoyo y el compromiso con el esclarecimiento de los hechos. Para esta investigación (realizada en 2019) fue imposible obtener todos los expedientes judiciales solicitados de forma oportuna. La principal muralla de silencio fue la Fiscalía General de la República (fgr). Esta investigación fue patrocinada por la ceav y la Fundación Ford, y realizada con la colaboración de la Academia Interamericana de Derechos Huma- nos de Coahuila. También contó con la participación del gobierno de aquel estado, la Fiscalía del estado de Coahuila, los colectivos de víctimas y El Siglo de To- rreón. En la investigación participaron las siguientes personas e instituciones: 9 10 | “reconquistando” la laguna Colaboradores de la investigación en la Ciudad de México Alfonso David Aparicio Bolaños Anuar Israel Ortega Galindo Cristina Antúnez Moreno Data Cívica Georgina Romero Fuentes Iván Edai Espinosa Russi Mónica Gabriela Maldonado Díaz Virginia Arellano Zyanya Valeria Hernández Almaguer Colaboradores de la investigación en La Laguna Javier Garza Ramos Francisco Rodríguez Colaboradores en el levantamiento de imagen en La Laguna y la Ciudad de México Iván Corpus León Ruiz Chávez Mariano de Carli Rafael Adrián Bucio Walter Nicolás Doehner Soriano agradecimientos | 11 Instituciones y organizaciones particularmente relevantes ■ Academia Interamericana de Derechos Humanos Luis Efrén Ríos e Irene Spigno ■ Fiscalía de personas desaparecidas de Coahuila José Ángel Herrera Cepeda ■ Grupo Vida Silvia Ortiz ■ Lantia Consultores Eduardo Guerrero Lista de entrevistados ■ Adelaido Flores Díaz (diversos cargos en la Direc- ción de Seguridad Pública de Torreón 2009-2011 y director 2011-2017, coordinador estatal de la región Laguna desde 2018). Entrevista realizada por Jacobo Dayán. ■ Alejandro Hernández (exreportero de Televisa). En- trevista realizada por Francisco Rodríguez. ■ Alejandro Hope (antiguo miembro del Cisen). En- trevista realizada por Sergio Aguayo y Jacobo Dayán. ■ Alma Islas (Participación Ciudadana 29). Entrevista realizada por Javier Garza Ramos y Jacobo Dayán. ■ Armando Moreno (experiodista de Multimedios, Milenio y Express). Entrevista realizada por Francis- co Rodríguez. ■ Arturo Aguilar (experiodista de Milenio y Coahuil- teca Medios). Entrevista realizada por Francisco Rodríguez. 12 | “reconquistando” la laguna ■ Daniel Castellanos (policía estatal en el área de La Laguna de Coahuila, 1999-2012). Entrevista realizada por Francisco Rodríguez. ■ Edna Jaime (directora de México Evalúa). Entrevista realizada por Sergio Aguayo y Jacobo Dayán. ■ Eduardo Olmos (alcalde de Torreón, 2010-2013). Entrevista realizada por Javier Garza Ramos. ■ Fernando Vela (agente del mp en el área de homici- dios de la pgj Laguna, 2002-2013). Entrevista reali- zada por Francisco Rodríguez. ■ Guillermo Valdés Castellanos (Gea Consultores y exdirector del Cisen). Entrevista realizada por Sergio Aguayo. ■ Javier Canales (excamarógrafo de Multimedios). En- trevista realizada por Francisco Rodríguez. ■ Jorge Tello Peón (Consultoría Madison y exdirector del Cisen). Entrevista realizada por Sergio Aguayo y Jacobo Dayán. ■ José Ángel Pérez (Alcalde de Torreón, 2006-2009). Entrevista realizada por Javier Garza Ramos y Jaco- bo Dayán. ■ Luis Morales (exreportero de El Siglo de Torreón) Entrevista realizada por Jacobo Dayán. ■ Marco Zamarripa (Consejo Cívico de las Instituciones Laguna). Entrevista realizada por Javier Garza Ramos. ■ María de la Luz López (Voz que clama justicia por personas desaparecidas). Entrevista realizada por Ja- cobo Dayán. ■ Miguel Ángel Riquelme (alcalde de Torreón, 2013- 2016, y gobernador de Coahuila, 2017- ). Entrevista realizada por Javier Garza Ramos. agradecimientos | 13 ■ Miguel Mery (secretario del Ayuntamiento de To- rreón, 2010-2013). Entrevista realizada por Javier Garza Ramos y Jacobo Dayán. ■ Miriam Daniela Arreola (Grupo Vida). Entrevista realizada por Jacobo Dayán. ■ Norma Patricia Albino (Grupo Vida). Entrevista rea- lizada por Jacobo Dayán. ■ Oscar Sánchez Viesca (Grupo Vida) Entrevista reali- zada por Jacobo Dayán ■ Ricardo Rebollo Mendoza (alcalde de Gómez Palacio, 2007-2009). Entrevista realizada por Javier Garza Ra- mos y Jacobo Dayán. ■ Rubén Moreira (gobernador de Coahuila, 2011-2017). Entrevista realizada por Sergio Aguayo. ■ Sandra Silva (exreportera de Noticias, Zócalo, La I, El Siglo de Torreón). Entrevista realizada por Fran- cisco Rodríguez. ■ Silvia Ortiz (Grupo Vida). Entrevista realizada por Jacobo Dayán. ■ Cuatro entrevistados que solicitaron mantener el anonimato. 1. Objetivos de la investigación y tres advertencias Entre las misiones del Seminario sobre Violencia y Paz está confrontar el tono pesimista de casi todas las his- torias sobre la violencia criminal con casos exitosos. Eso pasó en La Laguna, donde coincidieron institucio- nes gubernamentales y actores sociales en el diagnós- tico y las políticas públicas, y el resultado ha sido una caída sostenida en el número de homicidios y desapa- riciones. Hay pendientes, por supuesto, pero en este texto explicamos las causas de este logro. En 2016 empezamos a investigar cómo habían inte- ractuado en Coahuila el crimen organizado, las insti- tuciones del Estado y la sociedad. Primero estudiamos la masacre de Allende, luego la cárcel de Piedras Ne- gras y en 2020 terminamos este trabajo sobre lo suce- dido en lugares como La Laguna, el territorio donde li- braron una guerra feroz los Zetas y el Cartel de Sinaloa con sus respectivos aliados. Sobre todo, nos interesaba entender: a. La lógica de la brutalidad sistémica empleada por los Zetas —el cartel más violento— y la manera en que fueron descabezados y fragmentados; 15 16 | “reconquistando” la laguna b. Las razones por las cuales se redujeron sustancial- mente el número de homicidios y desapariciones, y se ha dado un diálogo entre colectivos de víctimas y gobierno estatal, que ha fructificado en leyes y po- líticas públicas buenas pero mejorables, porque los niveles de impunidad siguen siendo muy elevados; y, c. Rescatar la esencia del “modelo Coahuila” para pro- poner a otras ciudades una fórmula replicable que pueda corregir las deficiencias y mejore la armoni- zación del combate contra el crimen organizado con la atención integral a las víctimas. Cabe resaltar que cuando decimos éxito nos referimos únicamente a las cifras de violencia y a la disposición al diálogo, porque continúan pendientes la verdad, la justicia, la reparación, la búsqueda de desaparecidos y el desmantelamiento de las redes económicas y de pro- tección política del crimen organizado. Una de las ra- zones de los éxitos logrados en Coahuila fue un golpe de timón poco entendido en la estrategia federal. En 2010, el gobierno de Felipe Calderón se lanzó a des- cabezar, fragmentar y ahogar financieramente a los Zetas. La razón tras el viraje era la brutalidad sisté- mica empleada por el cartel como parte de su modelo de negocios. Enrique
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests
    Home Country of Origin Information Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests (RIR) are research reports on country conditions. They are requested by IRB decision makers. The database contains a seven-year archive of English and French RIR. Earlier RIR may be found on the European Country of Origin Information Network website. Please note that some RIR have attachments which are not electronically accessible here. To obtain a copy of an attachment, please e-mail us. Related Links • Advanced search help 15 August 2019 MEX106302.E Mexico: Drug cartels, including Los Zetas, the Gulf Cartel (Cartel del Golfo), La Familia Michoacana, and the Beltrán Leyva Organization (BLO); activities and areas of operation; ability to track individuals within Mexico (2017-August 2019) Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada 1. Overview InSight Crime, a foundation that studies organized crime in Latin America and the Caribbean (Insight Crime n.d.), indicates that Mexico’s larger drug cartels have become fragmented or "splintered" and have been replaced by "smaller, more volatile criminal groups that have taken up other violent activities" (InSight Crime 16 Jan. 2019). According to sources, Mexican law enforcement efforts to remove the leadership of criminal organizations has led to the emergence of new "smaller and often more violent" (BBC 27 Mar. 2018) criminal groups (Justice in Mexico 19 Mar. 2018, 25; BBC 27 Mar. 2018) or "fractur[ing]" and "significant instability" among the organizations (US 3 July 2018, 2). InSight Crime explains that these groups do not have "clear power structures," that alliances can change "quickly," and that they are difficult to track (InSight Crime 16 Jan.
    [Show full text]
  • Justice-Reform
    Mexico Institute SHARED RESPONSIBILITY: U.S.-MEXICO POLICY OPTIONS FOR CONFRONTING ORGANIZED CRIME Edited by Eric L. Olson, David A. Shirk, and Andrew Selee Mexico Institute Available from: Mexico Institute Trans-Border Institute Woodrow Wilson International University of San Diego Center for Scholars 5998 Alcalá Park, IPJ 255 One Woodrow Wilson Plaza San Diego, CA 92110-2492 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 www.sandiego.edu/tbi www.wilsoncenter.org/mexico ISBN : 1-933549-61-0 October 2010 The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, established by Congress in 1968 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., is a living national memorial to President Wilson. The Center’s mission is to commemorate the ideals and concerns of Woodrow Wilson by providing a link between the worlds of ideas and policy, while fostering research, study, discussion, and collaboration among a broad spectrum of individuals concerned with policy and scholarship in national and international affairs. Supported by public and private funds, the Center is a nonpartisan institution engaged in the study of national and world affairs. It establishes and maintains a neutral forum for free, open, and informed dialogue. Conclusions or opinions expressed in Center publications and programs are those of the authors and speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center staff, fellows, trustees, advisory groups, or any individuals or organizations that provide financial support to the Center. The Center is the publisher of The Wilson Quarterly and home of Woodrow Wilson Center Press, dialogue radio and television, and the monthly news-letter “Centerpoint.” For more information about the Center’s activities and publications, please visit us on the web at www.wilsoncenter.org.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Pelones Author: Michael Smith Reviewed By: Phil Williams
    Organization Attributes Sheet: Los Pelones Author: Michael Smith Reviewed by: Phil Williams A. When the organization was formed + brief history Los Pelones formed in the mid-1990s and was contracted as an enforcement and protection arm to the Sinaloa Cartel. Like Los Zetas with the Gulf, Los Pelones (New Recruits) used military tactics and strategy to provide tactical, intelligence, and military support to the cartels.1 Recent accounts allege that Los Pelones has split from Sinaloa and has moved into small time trafficking and extortion on its own. B. Types of illegal activities engaged in, a. In general Smuggling, trafficking, extortion, kidnapping b. Specific detail: types of illicit trafficking activities engaged in Trafficking of marijuana, cocaine, and psychotropic substances in the coastal resort towns and rural areas of the Pacific Coast of Mexico.2 Recently, the group has operated in Puente de Ixtla, Morelos selling drugs, kidnapping, extorting local businesses, and stealing cars.3 C. Scope and Size a. Estimated size of network and membership The exact size of the organization is unclear. Its numbers and power are nowhere near as large as Los Zetas, and Mexican newspaper accounts refer to it as “La banda” or the band/group known as Los Pelones, indicating that they are smaller than the cartels but large enough to be noticed or considered.4 b. Countries / regions group is known to have operated in. (i.e. the group’s operating area) Huixquilucan, Atizapan , Naucalpan, Tlalnepantla Ecatepec, Puente de Ixtla Mexico. D. Leader Characteristics a. Who is/are the leader(s) In February 2011, Mexican Federal Police forces arrested Colonia Emiliano Zapata who was identified as the head of the Southwestern Area.5 b.
    [Show full text]
  • Confrontations Codebook MAIN TABLE. CONFRONTATIONS (A-E)
    Confrontations Codebook MAIN TABLE. CONFRONTATIONS (A-E) Variable Name Description Values abbreviatio n ID ID Unique ID {1…9999} TIMESTAM TIMESTAMP Unique ID for time {1…9999999999} P DAY DAY Day {1… 31} MONTH MONTH Month {1…12} YEAR YEAR Year {2006…2011} STATE STATE State (INEGI code) {1…32} MUNICIPAL MUNICIPALITY Municipality (INEGI code) {1…999} ITY Sin determinar: 9999 DETAINEES DETAINEES Number of detainees {0…999} KILLED KILLED Number of persons killed {0…999} ARMY_K SOLDIERS KILLED Number of members of the Army killed {0…999} NAVY_K MARINES KILLED Number of members of the Navy killed {0…999} FP_K FEDERAL POLICE Number of federal police officers killed {0…999} KILLED AFI_K AFI/ FEDERAL Number of AFI/ federal police detectives {0…999} POLICE DETECTIVES killed KILLED SP_K STATE POLICE Number of state police officers killed {0…999} KILLED MINP_K POLICE DETECTIVE Number of police detectives killed {0…999} KILLED MUNP_K MUNICIPAL POLICE Number of municipal police officers killed {0…999} KILLED ATTOR_K PROSECUTORS Number of prosecutors killed {0…999} KILLED OC_K ORGANIZED Number of organized crime members {0…999} CRIMINALS KILLED killed CIV_K CIVILIANS KILLED Number of civilians (or not specified) {0…999} killed WOUNDED WOUNDED Number of wounded individuals {0…999} INDIVIDUALS ARMY_W MILITARY Number of members of the Army wounded {0…999} WOUNDED NAVY_W MARINES Number of members of the Navy wounded {0…999} WOUNDED FP_W FEDERAL POLICE Number of federal police officers wounded {0…999} WOUNDED AFI_W AFI/ MINISTERIAL Number of AFI/ federal
    [Show full text]
  • Drug Trafficking Organizations and Counter- Drug Strategies in the U.S.-Mexican Context Luis Astorga and David A
    USMEX WP 10-01 Drug Trafficking Organizations and Counter- Drug Strategies in the U.S.-Mexican Context Luis Astorga and David A. Shirk Mexico and the United States: Confronting the Twenty-First Century This working paper is part of a project seeking to provide an up-to-date assessment of key issues in the U.S.-Mexican relationship, identify points of convergence and diver- gence in respective national interests, and analyze likely consequences of potential policy approaches. The project is co-sponsored by the Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies (San Diego), the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson Center (Washington DC), El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (Tijuana), and El Colegio de México (Mexico City). Drug Trafficking Organizations and Counter-Drug Strategies in the U.S.-Mexican Context Luis Astorga and David A. Shirk1 “Si la perra está amarrada/ aunque ladre todo el día/ no la deben de soltar/ mi abuelito me decía/ que podrían arrepentirse/ los que no la conocían (…) y la cuerda de la perra/ la mordió por un buen rato/ y yo creo que se soltó/ para armar un gran relajo (…) Los puerquitos le ayudaron/ se alimentan de la Granja/ diario quieren más maíz/ y se pierden las ganancias (…) Hoy tenemos día con día/ mucha inseguridad/ porque se soltó la perra/ todo lo vino a regar/ entre todos los granjeros/ la tenemos que amarrar” As my grandmother always told me, ‘If the dog is tied up, even though she howls all day long, you shouldn’t set her free … and the dog the chewed its rope for a long time, and I think it got loose to have a good time… The pigs helped it, wanting more corn every day, feeding themselves on the Farm and losing profits… Today we have more insecurity every day because the dog got loose, everything got soaked.
    [Show full text]
  • How Government Coordination Controlled Organized Crime: the Case of Mexico’S Cocaine Markets
    How Government coordination controlled organized crime: The Case of Mexico's Cocaine Markets Viridiana R´ıosa aDepartment of Government, Harvard University ABSTRACT This article provides empirical evidence showing that when a multilevel govern- ment is well coordinated, organized crime can be more effectively controlled. Using a time-variant data set of Mexico's cocaine markets at the subnational level and Cox proportional-hazards regressions, I show that when Mexico's democratization decreased the probability of government coordination {the same party governing a municipality at every level of government{ drug traffickers were more likely to vi- olate the long-standing informal prohibition on selling cocaine within the country. It was this decrease in government coordination that would set the conditions for a violent war between drug cartels to erupt in the mid-2000s. Cite as: Rios, V. (2015). How government coordination controlled organized crime: The case of Mexico's cocaine markets. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59(8), 1-22. 1. Introduction It was as if one day Mexican criminal organizations suddenly discovered violence. De- spite having trafficked drugs into the United States for decades, it was not until the mid-2000s that criminal organizations began an all-out battle to control drug produc- tion and transit zones, which significantly increased homicide rates in Mexico. Just from 2007 to 2012, organized criminal violence caused an estimated 60,000 casualties, more than tripling Mexico's homicide rate (Molzahn, Rios, & Shirk, 2012). Bodies were found tortured and decapitated next to messages directed to \all those in charge of applying the law" saying \Do not take part in our affairs or you'll die" (El Mexicano, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Los Negros Author: Guillermo Vazquez Del Mercado Review: Phil Williams
    Organization Attributes Sheet: Los Negros Author: Guillermo Vazquez del Mercado Review: Phil Williams A. When the organization was formed + brief history This organization was created by Edgar Valdes Villarreal aka “La Barbie” (along with Los Pelones) for the Sinaloa Organization as a response to the Gulf Organization creating Los Zetas.1 In 2008, when the Beltran Leyva brothers seceded from “La Federacion” Edgar Valdes and Los Negros decided to join forces with the Beltran Leyva Organization. But since the death of Arturo Beltran Leyva in 2009 and the arrest of Edgar Valdes in 2010, the group has apparently started working independently in familiar states such as Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, Veracruz, Jalisco, and Guerrero2 B. Types of illegal activities engaged in, a. In general Illegal drug smuggling and retail drug trafficking. b. Specific detail: types of illicit trafficking activities engaged in Information not found. C. Scope and Size a. Estimated size of network and membership The number of members working for this organization is unclear. As a result of the number of times this groups has changed alliance, it could be expected that its size has decreased. b. Countries / regions group is known to have operated in. (i.e. the group’s operating area) Sonora, Sinaloa, Jalisco and Guerrero. D. Leader Characteristics a. Who is/are the leader(s) Although the group was under direct command of Edgar Valdes Villareal aka “La Barbie” now that he is in jail it is unclear who leads the organization. b. Leadership timeline Information not found. c. Leadership style (autocratic, diffuse, etc.) Information not found.
    [Show full text]
  • The Latin American Drug Trade: Scope, Dimensions, Impact, and Response Opment Center for Studies and Analyses
    CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that EDUCATION AND THE ARTS helps improve policy and decisionmaking through ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT research and analysis. HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from INFRASTRUCTURE AND www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND TRANSPORTATION Corporation. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND Purchase this document TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Browse Reports & Bookstore Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Project AIR FORCE View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. The Latin American Drug Trade Scope, Dimensions, Impact, and Response Peter Chalk Prepared for the United States Air Force Approved for public release; distribution unlimited PROJECT AIR FORCE The research described in this report was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract FA7014-06-C-0001.
    [Show full text]
  • EPIC-Narcolanguage
    El Paso Intelligence Center INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION-OFFICER SAFETY LANGUAGE OF THE CARTELS : NARCO TERMINOLOGY, IDENTIFIERS, AND CLOTHING STYLE The El Paso Intelligence Center DEA/CBP Gang Intelligence Unit has been providing intelligence reports on many National gangs affecting this region such as the Surenos, Mexican Mafia and the Nortenos. These reports are condensed and include a short history of the gang, identifiers and current trends for the purposes of providing quick reference and concise information to the street officer that may encounter these individuals throughout the course of their duty. In 2009, the National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC) assessed that Mexican drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) were operating in the U.S. in at least 1, 286 cities spanning nine regions. Moreover, NDIC assesses with high confidence that Mexican DTO’s in at least 143 of these U.S. cities were linked to a specific Mexican Cartel or DTO based in Mexico—the Sinaloa Cartel (at least 75 cities), the Gulf Cartel/Los Zetas (at least 37 cities), the Juárez Cartel (at least 33 cities), the Beltrán-Leyva DTO (at least 30 cities), La Familia Michoacán (at least 27 cities), or the Tijuana Cartel (at least 21 cities). NDIC assesses with high confidence that Mexican DTOs will further expand their drug trafficking operations in the United States. Due to the rise in violence throughout the Southwest Region and Mexico, members of the Cartels, their associates and their families have been suspected of moving into many U.S. cities along the border. As a result, agencies are requesting information on ways to identify those involved with drug trafficking organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • El Paso Intelligence Center
    El Paso Intelligence Center INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION-OFFICER SAFETY LANGUAGE OF THE CARTELS : NARCO TERMINOLOGY, IDENTIFIERS, AND CLOTHING STYLE The El Paso Intelligence Center DEA/CBP Gang Intelligence Unit has been providing intelligence reports on many National gangs affecting this region such as the Surenos, Mexican Mafia and the Nortenos. These reports are condensed and include a short history of the gang, identifiers and current trends for the purposes of providing quick reference and concise information to the street officer that may encounter these individuals throughout the course of their duty. In 2009, the National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC) assessed that Mexican drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) were operating in the U.S. in at least 1, 286 cities spanning nine regions. Moreover, NDIC assesses with high confidence that Mexican DTO’s in at least 143 of these U.S. cities were linked to a specific Mexican Cartel or DTO based in Mexico—the Sinaloa Cartel (at least 75 cities), the Gulf Cartel/Los Zetas (at least 37 cities), the Juárez Cartel (at least 33 cities), the Beltrán-Leyva DTO (at least 30 cities), La Familia Michoacán (at least 27 cities), or the Tijuana Cartel (at least 21 cities). NDIC assesses with high confidence that Mexican DTOs will further expand their drug trafficking operations in the United States. Due to the rise in violence throughout the Southwest Region and Mexico, members of the Cartels, their associates and their families have been suspected of moving into many U.S. cities along the border. As a result, agencies are requesting information on ways to identify those involved with drug trafficking organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr U G C a Rt El
    Drug Cartels: The Growing Violence in Mexico October 2006 Drug Cartels: The Growing Violence in Mexico O c t o b e r 2 0 0 6 Executive Summary A congressional oversight panel has issued a report stating that U.S. Border Patrol agents are outmanned and outgunned by Mexican drug cartels — which, officials say, are now effectively controlling human trafficking across the U.S.-Mexico border. The House Homeland Security oversight subcommittee’s report, issued Oct. 17, specifically mentions that drug cartels “use automatic assault weapons, bazookas, grenade launchers and improvised explosive devices,” whereas “Border Patrol agents are issued 40-caliber Beretta semiautomatic pistols.” This description is on target. Mexican drug cartels not only are well equipped, but exceedingly well organized, well trained and entrepreneurial. Their ready access to military weapons suppliers is an important factor behind a spike in violence — particularly in areas along the U.S. border — that soon could make 2006 the most deadly year for drug-related violence in Mexico. The violence is receiving more attention in the United States in part because drug cartels have begun adopting increasingly gruesome methods of torture and killing, unlike the patterns that were customary when Colombian cartels began to emerge in the 1980s. Mexican cartels appear to have torn a page from the playbook of terrorist groups and rebel movements from other periods of history: Victims today may be beheaded, burned alive or otherwise brutalized, as opposed to merely being shot, as gang members seek to intimidate their enemies and the public. Such methods, and the fear they incite, can tend to amplify perceptions of a cartel’s actual power.
    [Show full text]
  • A War Without ‘Principals’: Narco-Violence in Mexico
    RESEARCH PAPER No. 150 MAY 2011 A WAR WITHOUT ‘PRINCIPALS’: NARCO-VIOLENCE IN MEXICO Dr. Prem Mahadevan (RIEAS Research Associate & a Senior Researcher at the Center for Security Studies in Zurich, Switzerland) RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN STUDIES (RIEAS) # 1, Kalavryton Street, Ano-Kalamaki, Athens, 17456, Greece RIEAS URL:http://www.rieas.gr 1 RIEAS MISSION STATEMENT Objective The objective of the Research Institute for European and American Studies (RIEAS) is to promote the understanding of international affairs. Special attention is devoted to transatlantic relations, intelligence studies and terrorism, European integration, international security, Balkan and Mediterranean studies, Russian foreign policy as well as policy making on national and international markets. Activities The Research Institute for European and American Studies seeks to achieve this objective through research, by publishing its research papers on international politics and intelligence studies, organizing seminars, as well as providing analyses via its web site. The Institute maintains a library and documentation center. RIEAS is an institute with an international focus. Young analysts, journalists, military personnel as well as academicians are frequently invited to give lectures and to take part in seminars. RIEAS maintains regular contact with other major research institutes throughout Europe and the United States and, together with similar institutes in Western Europe, Middle East, Russia and Southeast Asia. Status The Research Institute for European and American Studies is a non-profit research institute established under Greek law. RIEAS’s budget is generated by membership subscriptions, donations from individuals and foundations, as well as from various research projects. The Institute is autonomous organization. Its activities and views are independent of any public or private bodies, and the Institute is not allied to any political party, denominational group or ideological movement.
    [Show full text]