Sparrows and Apples : the Unity of Catullus 2
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THE EPONYMOUS OFFICIALS of GREEK CITIES: I Aus: Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik 83 (1990) 249–288
ROBERT K. SHERK THE EPONYMOUS OFFICIALS OF GREEK CITIES: I aus: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 83 (1990) 249–288 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn 249 The Eponymous Officials of Greek Cities: I (A) Introduction The eponymous official or magistrate after whom the year was named in Greek cities or as- sociations is well known to all epigraphists under various titles: archon, prytanis, stephanepho- ros, priest, etc. Some details about them have appeared in many articles and in scattered pas- sages of scholarly books. However, not since the publication of Clemens Gnaedinger, De Graecorum magistratibus eponymis quaestiones epigraphicae selectae (Diss. Strassburg 1892) has there been a treatment of the subject as a whole, although the growth of the material in this regard has been enormous.1 What is missing, however, is an attempt to bring the material up to date in a comprehensive survey covering the whole Greek world, at least as far as possible. The present article, of which this is only the first part, will present that material in a geographically organized manner: mainland Greece and the adjacent islands, then the Aegean islands, Asia Minor and Thrace, Syria, Egypt, Cyrene, Sicily, and southern Italy. All the epi- graphic remains of that area have been examined and catalogued. General observations and conclusions will be presented after the evidence as a whole has been given. I. Earliest Examples of Eponymity The earliest form of writing appeared in Sumer and Assyria sometime within the last half of the fourth millennium BC, and from there it spread westward. Thus, it is not at all surpris- ing that the Mesopotamian civilizations also made the earliest use of assigning names or events to years in dating historical records. -
Parthenon 1 Parthenon
Parthenon 1 Parthenon Parthenon Παρθενών (Greek) The Parthenon Location within Greece Athens central General information Type Greek Temple Architectural style Classical Location Athens, Greece Coordinates 37°58′12.9″N 23°43′20.89″E Current tenants Museum [1] [2] Construction started 447 BC [1] [2] Completed 432 BC Height 13.72 m (45.0 ft) Technical details Size 69.5 by 30.9 m (228 by 101 ft) Other dimensions Cella: 29.8 by 19.2 m (98 by 63 ft) Design and construction Owner Greek government Architect Iktinos, Kallikrates Other designers Phidias (sculptor) The Parthenon (Ancient Greek: Παρθενών) is a temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron. Its construction began in 447 BC and was completed in 438 BC, although decorations of the Parthenon continued until 432 BC. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an Parthenon 2 enduring symbol of Ancient Greece and of Athenian democracy and one of the world's greatest cultural monuments. The Greek Ministry of Culture is currently carrying out a program of selective restoration and reconstruction to ensure the stability of the partially ruined structure.[3] The Parthenon itself replaced an older temple of Athena, which historians call the Pre-Parthenon or Older Parthenon, that was destroyed in the Persian invasion of 480 BC. Like most Greek temples, the Parthenon was used as a treasury. -
Ancient Greece and Rome - Activity 1
Ancient Greece and Rome - Activity 1. Greek City- States (Athens vs. Sparta) *** If you have not gone through the preparation of this topic yet, please click here. *** *** The red circle(s) on the screen shots indicate the location of the tool or button you must use. *** 1. We will start a new map. If ArcGIS Explorer Online is not opened now, go to “explorer.arcgis.com.” Then click “New Map.” 2. Let’s save the map first. Click the “Save” button on the toolbar. 3. Give the map a title. You can add tags to be searchable by others. Once you fill out the form, click “Save.” 4. We will use the imagery basemap to see the topology of Ancient Greece. Click the “Basemap” tool, and then click the “Imagery” option. 5. Move the map to see Greece. At this point, you might need to discuss the definition of a city-state, list some of the major city-states, and contrast this type of ancient political organization with what students are familiar with today. Also, you can show topology of Greece—many mountains and few plains—to discuss how the small city-states were situated with respect to this terrain and perhaps also why it might have been difficult to organize larger city-states. The darker green color means mountains, and the brown color means plains. When you work with students, it might be better to have a wall map of Europe available for reference. 6. Let’s mark major city-states on the map by adding a point feature. -
The Tomb Architecture of Pisye–Pladasa Koinon
cedrus.akdeniz.edu.tr CEDRUS Cedrus VIII (2020) 351-381 The Journal of MCRI DOI: 10.13113/CEDRUS.202016 THE TOMB ARCHITECTURE OF PISYE – PLADASA KOINON PISYE – PLADASA KOINON’U MEZAR MİMARİSİ UFUK ÇÖRTÜK∗ Abstract: The survey area covers the Yeşilyurt (Pisye) plain Öz: Araştırma alanı, Muğla ili sınırları içinde, kuzeyde Ye- in the north, Sarnıçköy (Pladasa) and Akbük Bay in the şilyurt (Pisye) ovasından, güneyde Sarnıçköy (Pladasa) ve south, within the borders of Muğla. The epigraphic studies Akbük Koyu’nu da içine alan bölgeyi kapsamaktadır. Bu carried out in this area indicate the presence of a koinon alanda yapılan epigrafik araştırmalar bölgenin önemli iki between Pisye and Pladasa, the two significant cities in the kenti olan Pisye ve Pladasa arasında bir koinonun varlığını region. There are also settlements of Londeis (Çiftlikköy), işaret etmektedir. Koinonun territoriumu içinde Londeis Leukoideis (Çıpı), Koloneis (Yeniköy) in the territory of the (Çiftlikköy), Leukoideis (Çırpı), Koloneis (Yeniköy) yerle- koinon. During the surveys, many different types of burial şimleri de bulunmaktadır. Dağınık bir yerleşim modeli structures were encountered within the territory of the koi- sergileyen koinon territoriumunda gerçekleştirilen yüzey non, where a scattered settlement model is visible. This araştırmalarında farklı tiplerde birçok mezar yapıları ile de study particularly focuses on vaulted chamber tombs, karşılaşılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile özellikle territoriumdaki chamber tombs and rock-cut tombs in the territory. As a tonozlu oda mezarlar, oda mezarlar ve kaya oygu mezarlar result of the survey, 6 vaulted chamber tombs, 6 chamber üzerinde durulmuştur. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda 6 tombs and 16 rock-cut tombs were evaluated in this study. -
The Military Policy of the Hellenistic Boiotian League
The Military Policy of the Hellenistic Boiotian League Ruben Post Department of History and Classical Studies McGill University, Montreal December, 2012 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree Master of Arts ©Ruben Post, 2012. Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 3 Abrégé ............................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 5 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 7 Sources .........................................................................................................................11 Chapter One .....................................................................................................................16 Agriculture and Population in Late Classical and Hellenistic Boiotia .........................16 The Fortification Building Program of Epameinondas ................................................31 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................43 Chapter Two ....................................................................................................................48 -
Athenian 'Imperialism' in the Aegean Sea in the 4Th Century BCE: The
ELECTRUM * Vol. 27 (2020): 117–130 doi: 10.4467/20800909EL.20.006.12796 www.ejournals.eu/electrum Athenian ‘Imperialism’ in the Aegean Sea in the 4th Century BCE: The Case of Keos* Wojciech Duszyński http:/orcid.org/0000-0002-9939-039X Jagiellonian University in Kraków Abstract: This article concerns the degree of direct involvement in the Athenian foreign policy in the 4th century BC. One of main questions debated by scholars is whether the Second Athe- nian Sea League was gradually evolving into an arche, to eventually resemble the league of the previous century. The following text contributes to the scholarly debate through a case study of relations between Athens and poleis on the island of Keos in 360s. Despite its small size, Keos included four settlements having the status of polis: Karthaia, Poiessa, Koresia and Ioulis, all members of the Second Athenian League. Around year 363/2 (according to the Attic calendar), anti-Athenian riots, usually described as revolts, erupted on Keos, to be quickly quelled by the strategos Chabrias. It is commonly assumed that the Athenians used the uprising to interfere di- rectly in internal affairs on the island, enforcing the dissolution of the local federation of poleis. However, my analysis of selected sources suggests that such an interpretation cannot be readily defended: in fact, the federation on Keos could have broken up earlier, possibly without any ex- ternal intervention. In result, it appears that the Athenians did not interfere in the local affairs to such a degree as it is often accepted. Keywords: Athens, Keos, Koresia, Karthaia, Poiessa, Ioulis, Aegean, 4th century BC, Second Athenian League, Imperialism. -
Synoikism, Urbanization, and Empire in the Early Hellenistic Period Ryan
Synoikism, Urbanization, and Empire in the Early Hellenistic Period by Ryan Anthony Boehm A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ancient History and Mediterranean Archaeology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Emily Mackil, Chair Professor Erich Gruen Professor Mark Griffith Spring 2011 Copyright © Ryan Anthony Boehm, 2011 ABSTRACT SYNOIKISM, URBANIZATION, AND EMPIRE IN THE EARLY HELLENISTIC PERIOD by Ryan Anthony Boehm Doctor of Philosophy in Ancient History and Mediterranean Archaeology University of California, Berkeley Professor Emily Mackil, Chair This dissertation, entitled “Synoikism, Urbanization, and Empire in the Early Hellenistic Period,” seeks to present a new approach to understanding the dynamic interaction between imperial powers and cities following the Macedonian conquest of Greece and Asia Minor. Rather than constructing a political narrative of the period, I focus on the role of reshaping urban centers and regional landscapes in the creation of empire in Greece and western Asia Minor. This period was marked by the rapid creation of new cities, major settlement and demographic shifts, and the reorganization, consolidation, or destruction of existing settlements and the urbanization of previously under- exploited regions. I analyze the complexities of this phenomenon across four frameworks: shifting settlement patterns, the regional and royal economy, civic religion, and the articulation of a new order in architectural and urban space. The introduction poses the central problem of the interrelationship between urbanization and imperial control and sets out the methodology of my dissertation. After briefly reviewing and critiquing previous approaches to this topic, which have focused mainly on creating catalogues, I point to the gains that can be made by shifting the focus to social and economic structures and asking more specific interpretive questions. -
The Antikythera Mechanism, Rhodes, and Epeiros
The Antikythera Mechanism, Rhodes, and Epeiros Paul Iversen Introduction I am particularly honored to be asked to contribute to this Festschrift in honor of James Evans. For the last nine years I have been engaged in studying the Games Dial and the calendar on the Metonic Spiral of the Antikythera Mechanism,1 and in that time I have come to admire James’s willingness to look at all sides of the evidence, and the way in which he conducts his research in an atmosphere of collaborative and curious inquiry combined with mutual respect. It has long been suggested that the Antikythera Mechanism may have been built on the is- land of Rhodes,2 one of the few locations attested in ancient literary sources associated with the production of such celestial devices. This paper will strengthen the thesis of a Rhodian origin for the Mechanism by demonstrating that the as-of-2008-undeciphered set of games in Year 4 on the Games Dial were the Halieia of Rhodes, a relatively minor set of games that were, appro- priately for the Mechanism, in honor of the sun-god, Helios (spelled Halios by the Doric Greeks). This paper will also summarize an argument that the calendar on the Metonic Spiral cannot be that of Syracuse, and that it is, contrary to the assertions of a prominent scholar in Epirote stud- ies, consistent with the Epirote calendar. This, coupled with the appearance of the extremely minor Naan games on the Games Dial, suggests that the Mechanism also had some connection with Epeiros. The Games Dial and the Halieia of Rhodes The application in the fall of 2005 of micro-focus X-ray computed tomography on the 82 surviv- ing fragments of the Antikythera Mechanism led to the exciting discovery and subsequent publi- cation in 2008 of a dial on the Antikythera Mechanism listing various athletic games now known as the Olympiad Dial (but which I will call the Games or Halieiad Dial—more on that below), as well as a hitherto unknown Greek civil calendar on what is now called the Metonic Spiral.3 I begin with my own composite drawing of the Games Dial (Fig. -
The Legend of Alexander the Great on Greek and Roman Coins
THE LEGEND OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT ON GREEK AND ROMAN COINS Karsten Dahmen collects, presents and examines, for the first time in one volume, the portraits and representations of Alexander the Great on ancient coins of the Greek and Roman periods (c. 320 bc to ad 400). Dahmen offers a firsthand insight into the posthumous appreciation of Alexander’s legend by Hellenistic kings, Greek cities, and Roman emperors combining an introduc- tion to the historical background and basic information on the coins with a comprehensive study of Alexander’s numismatic iconography. Dahmen also discusses in detail examples of coins with Alexander’s portrait, which are part of a selective presentation of representative coin-types. An image and discussion is combined with a characteristic quotation of a source from ancient historiography and a short bibliographical reference. The numismatic material presented, although being a representative selection, will exceed any previously published work on the subject. The Legend of Alexander the Great on Greek and Roman Coins will be useful for everyone in the Classics community including students and academics. It will also be accessible for general readers with an interest in ancient history, numismatics, or collecting. Karsten Dahmen is a Classical Archaeologist and Numismatist of the Berlin Coin Cabinet. http://avaxho.me/blogs/ChrisRedfield THE LEGEND OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT ON GREEK AND ROMAN COINS Karsten Dahmen First published 2007 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007. -
05 Coldstream 1749.Indd
NICOLAS COLDSTREAM John Nicolas Coldstream 1927–2008 NICOLAS COLDSTREAM was born in Lahore on 30 March 1927, only son of John Coldstream, whose career was spent in the judicial arm of the Indian Civil Service and whose mother (Phyllis née Hambly) was from a military family, Lancers not Coldstreams. His father was knighted in 1938 after retirement but stayed on as fi rst minister of Kapurthala state until 1939. On returning to England the family took up residence in St John’s Wood, moving in 1952 to 180 Ebury Street, SWl. Nicolas, as he was always known, though too often with an added ‘h’, was educated at prep school in Eastbourne, then as a King’s scholar at Eton. St Cyprian’s at Eastbourne had a lasting impression on him, and he concurred with the picture of the school given by Cyril Connolly in Enemies of Promise and George Orwell in ‘Such, such were the joys’. He was one of the fi rst Raj children to travel by air, just once, in 1938, and his fi rst publication was based on it—Croydon to Kapurthala. My First Flight (Kapurthala, Jagatjit Electric Press, 1938); the Maharajah was so impressed that he had it privately printed at his own expense. His fi rst view of the Athenian Akropolis was when the plane stopped to refuel on this journey. At Eton he had to choose between his two best subjects, Classics and Mathematics, and plumped for the former; he much respected his Tutor, Francis Cruso. His career took a not unusual step, from Eton to King’s College Cambridge, but not until he had done his National Service, 1945–8. -
Polybios, the Laws of War, and Philip V of Macedon1
ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE Polybios, the Laws of War, and Philip V of Macedon AUTHORS Nicholson, EL JOURNAL Historia - Zeitschrift fur Alte Geschichte DEPOSITED IN ORE 25 September 2018 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34104 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication Historia 67, 2018/4, 434–453 DOI 10.25162/historia-2018-0017 Emma Nicholson Polybios, the Laws of War, and Philip V of Macedon1 Abstract: In his account of Philip V of Macedon’s attack of Thermos in 218 BC (5.9–12), Poly- bios uses the ‘laws of war’ as a rhetorical device to reinforce his own interpretation of the king and perspective on the situation. While this is not the only place within his work where the laws are referenced in such a way – they are, for instance, similarly used in the defence of Achaian actions after recapturing Mantinea in 226 BC (Plb. 2.58) – the Thermos episode represents the most extensive and explicit application of this motif and therefore offers us an opportunity to investigate the historian’s historiographical aims and literary workings in more detail. This arti- cle sets out to offer fresh perspectives on this well-known episode, exploring how the reference to the ‘laws’ has serious consequences for the development of the king’s character within the narrative, how it engages with wider didactic and political purposes, and what it reveals about Polybios’ historical method and literary workings. -
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REVUE BELGE DE. NUMISMATIOUE ET DE SIGILLOGRAPHIE. PUBLU:.E. so~s LES A~SPICES nE LA snCIÉTÉ ROYALE nE NI,IM1SMAT lOUE AVEC LE CONCOURS DU GOUVERNEMENT DIRECTEURS: MM. MARCEL HOC, Dr JULES DESNEUX ET PAUL NASTER 1956 TOME CENT DEUXIÈME BRUXELLES 5, RUE DU MUSÉE 1956 KûINON Ir II()AEQN A Study of the Coinage of the ~ Ionian League)) (*) The coins which specifically refer to the thirteen cities of the Ionian Federation, KOINON 1r no/\ EON, bear the portraits of three emperors: Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelîus and Commodus, It is this series to which this article is devoted. There are two later issues of coins from the City of Colophon during the reigns ,ofTrebonianus Gallus and Valerian which have lîttle direct con- ....... ,,' :neèthm with the Ionian Federation as such. An example of the \\~.~~m.~p~~~:~;:d.P::~~;:~:~::~~i~eW;:~~ieD~ :>\Ve:are::d~ePiYlndebted: ACI{NOWLEDGEMENTS To the fpllowingfor valuable suggestions and assistance in ohtainlng material for thtsartfcle: Colin M~ Ki"aay, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Dr. T. O. Mahbott, Hunter College, New York. Sydney P. Noe, American Nunùsmatic Society, New York. Dr. David Magie) Princeton University. Edward Gans, Berkeley, California. H. Von Aulock, Istanbul. To the following for furnishing casts and photographs and assistance in procuring them: Dr. Karl Pink and Dr. Eduard Holzmair, National Collection, Vienna. Dr. W. Schneewind, Historlcal Museum, Basel. Miss Anne S. Robertson, Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow. M. Jean Babelon, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. P. K. .Ienkins, British Museum, London. Dr. G. Erxleben, National Museum, Berlin. Sr. Gian Guido Belloni, Sforza Museum, Milan. And to tlle following dealers for their generons cooperation: 32 .r.