Mathematical Modeling of Re-Electrification by Green Hydrogen Storage Through the PEM Fuel Cell Integrating a 10-Year Economic Study Applied to a Hotel

E3S Web of Conferences 229, 01038 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122901038 ICCSRE’2020

Mathematical modeling of re-electrification by green hydrogen storage through the PEM fuel cell integrating a 10-year economic study applied to a hotel

Moulebe Laince Pierre1*, Touati Abdelwahed1, Akpoviroro Obar Eric1 and Rabbah Nabila1 1Laboratory of structural Engineering, Intelligent Systems and Electrical Energy, ENSAM, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.

Abstract. The energy transition to prevent global warming is the main concern. Climatic change effects show a catastrophic view to the word through the increase of temperature which promotes fire like in Siberia or ices melts by trigging the extinction of polar bears in the future, also adding the flooding in Norway. Thus, it is important to trait sectors the most polluters such as transport, industries, and residential tertiary sectors. In the perspective to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels. However, the frequently used sources of energy are unstable. They require an appropriate clean storage system and the technology of energy storage relevant as green hydrogen. In this article, we focus first on the creation complete of the model of production chain for green hydrogen by the fuel cell PEM. Then, the application of the model in one technical-economic study for energetic consumption HVAC for a hotel. We will consider the usage of thermic power resulting from the chemical reaction of the system, those powers allow us to demonstrate that the fuel cell PEM presents the brilliant performance compare to electrolysis. Through that thermic power from the fuel cells, we will expose the fact it is possible to avoid the utilization of natural gas and electricity structure for domestic hot water. This technical-economic study show that green hydrogen technology can be worthwhile for the short or middle term for the hotel industry.

1 Introduction after year. However, the instability of renewable energies is a problem and transporting energy over long Use Energy transition is today a major stake for distances incurs high costs associated with wasted humanity to survive, in fact, global industrialization has imports, from which energy storage plays an important caused the gradual degradation of our environment. The role in bypassing these different problems. There are a rate of greenhouse gases has dramatically increased multitude of studies on energy storage systems, however throughout this decade [1] and today we can see the most of these technologies produce greenhouse gases consequences. In order to fight against this phenomenon although the LFP lithium-ion battery is one of the caused by our industrialization, several actions must be promising technologies because it emits a low amount taken from now. As such, several conventions have been of CO2 [7]. Never mind, Hydrogen storage by put in place to limit the increase in global average electrolysis of water remains the cleanest form of energy temperature to well below 2°C at pre-industrial levels, storage [8], and to face energy transition, it thus by limiting the increase to 1.5°C [2]. Among these becomes one of the most promising solutions for the actions, the principle of polluting pays by the carbon tax future of the energy sector in transportation which is the [3] was put in place and thus encourages the exponential main polluter, but also in the industrial sector, tertiary growth that we can be observed in the development of and residential which occupy the second place in renewable energies. Renewable energies represent an environmental pollution to date, Research on hydrogen important factor in the energy transition, indeed, the is known nowadays, storage by proton membrane increase of the world population [4] results in an exchange (PEM) electrolysis contains several research increase of energy consumption and therefore induces articles[9-10], the main problem with this technology is an increase in greenhouse gases, especially in the its high cost compared to others. However, the increase transport, industrial, tertiary and residential[5], therefore in the carbon tax followed by the drop in the cost of the use of clean energies in these energy-intensive renewable energies make that this solution becomes sectors will make it possible to achieve the objectives competitive. That is why, the main objective of this set, knowing that their cost decreases year after year [6]. article is the mathematical modeling of the complete therefore, the use of clean energies in these energy- production chain of hydrogen storage by PEM intensive sectors will make it possible to achieve the electrolysis for re-electrification, starting from the objectives set knowing that their cost decreases year electrolysis, storage tank, to the fuel cell PEM in order

*[email protected]

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). E3S Web of Conferences 229, 01038 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122901038 ICCSRE’2020

to simulate in real time the entire production chain, representing the power absorbed and the power acting on all the possible parameters, thus allowing a producing, (11) rate hydrogen. global visibility on the system, but also, to apply this The thermal power released by the reaction is modeling to a technical-economic study in the residential-tertiary sector, in order to show the 푃푡ℎ = ±푁푠 × (푉 − 푈푡푚) × 퐼 (12) feasibility of the return on investment of the implementation of this technology when using these (푁푠) number of cells in series; (푈푡푚) thermoneutral heat losses. voltage of a cell = 1.48V. The document is organized as follows: In paragraph, the mathematical modeling of the electrolysis, the storage 2.2 Hydrogen storage tank tank, followed by the modeling of the fuel cell. In section, we present a case study of re-electrification by The storage tank intended to contain hydrogen at a PEM cell followed by all the results. A conclusion and certain pressure in liquid or gaseous form can be a list of references complete the paper. modeled according to [16]. Note that hydrogen storage is done according to three main methods, high pressure for stable systems 120 bars, for 250-700 bars mobile 2 Mathematical modelling re- systems, in liquid form (-259 ° C), then in hybrid metal electrification by PEM fuel cell form.

푃 푉푚 푁퐻2푅 푇푡 푃푡 − 푃푡𝑖 = (13) 2.1 Modeling of water electrolysis 푅푇 푀퐻2푉푡

The hydrogen storage chain by electrolysis of water 푃 = Initial pressure of the storage tank(pascal) begins in the electrolysis, several works about the ti 푃 = Pressure of tank (pascal) modeling of water electrolysis exist in the scientific t 푅 = universal (rydberg) gas constant (J/kmol K) literature [11–15], and follows this equations are 푇 = Operating temperature (K) necessary for modeling the electrolysis. t = Volume of the tank 푉푡 P : Pressure 0 푉 ≤ 퐸푟푒푣(푇, 푃) 퐼(푇, 푃) = ⌊푉−퐸푟푒푣(푇,푃) ⌋ (1) 푉 ≥ 퐸푟푒푣(푇, 푃) 푅푖(푇,푃) Table 1. Electrolysis data.

푛푝 푉(푇, 푃) = 퐼. 푅𝑖 (푇, 푃) + 푛푠퐸푟푒푣(푇, 푃) (2) 푛푝 Description values

푇0 20°C

(1) and (2) the voltage and current coming from the 푃0 1 atm production of solar panels. 푘 0.0395 V/A -1 -1 -1 푅(273+푇) 푃 푅 0.082 l.atm .K .mol 퐸푟푒푣(푇, 푃) = 퐸푟푒푣0(푇, 푃) + ln ( ) (3) -1 2퐹 푃0 퐹 96487 C.mol -1 푑푅푡 -3.812*10^-3 Ω.C 푅 (푇, 푃) = 푅 + 푘푙푛 ( 푃 ) + 푑푅 (푇 + 푇 ) 𝑖 𝑖0 푃 푡 0 (4) 0 푅𝑖0 0.326 Ω

(3) represents the reverse voltage and (4) the initial resistance of the PEM cells. 2.3 PEM fuel cell The re-electrification is carried out thanks to the PEM 푉 = ∆퐺 fuel cell, it is the reverse function of the electrolysis [17- 𝑖 2.퐹 (5) 19], in the electrolysis the water is broken down to ∆퐺 = 285.84 − 163.2(273 + 푇) (6) remove the water in H2 and O2, here we use hydrogen and oxygen to produce a potential between the cathode 푣 = 6000.푣푚 and the anode, just as during electrolysis we get a great 퐻 2.퐹 (7) exothermic thermal power but also water. A series of 푅(273+푇) equations is needed for this part. (Figure 1) shows the 푣푚 = (8) 푃 process used.

푃 = 푉. 퐼 (9)

푃퐻2 = 푉𝑖. 퐼 (10)

퐼 푁푠 푁퐻 = (11) 2 2퐹 With (5) the ideal voltage responsible for producing hydrogen, (6) is the Gibbs free energy change of hydrogen gas, (7) the Average amount of hydrogen production, with (8) the molar volume. (9) and (10)

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1 ≤ 휑 = 푃푎푛 ≤ 3 푎푛 푃푣푎푝 (25) 퐻2,푠푎푡 푣푎푝 휑 : relative humidity, 푃 : saturation pressure 푎푛 퐻2,푠푎푡 vapor, A: area of membrane electrode assembly (cm²).

According to Faraday's law, the molar flow rate of

hydrogen and oxygen at the inlet is expressed:

퐼 푁̇퐻 ,𝑖 = 푆퐻 (26) 2 2 2퐹 퐼 푁̇ = 푆 (27) 푂2,𝑖 푂2 4퐹

0 0 ∆푆 퐸푟푒푣 = 퐸푟푒푣 + (푇 − 푇푟푒푓) × (28) Fig. 1. Fuel cell PEM system. 푛퐹 The theoretical minimum 퐸0 = 1.229 푉. 퐸푠푡푎푐푘 = 퐸푂푐 − 퐸푎푐푡 − 퐸푐표푚 − 퐸표ℎ푚 (14) 푟푒푣 퐼 : fuel cell output current (A). 퐸푠푡푎푐푘: fuel cell output voltage 퐸 : open circuit voltage. ∆푆0 푂푐 = −0.9 × 10−3 (29) 푛퐹 Cell voltage losses are composed of activation over- The speed of an electrochemical reaction is limited by potential (Eact) due to the electro-catalyst layers, the energetic acti-barrier: concentration over-potential (Econ) due to the limitations of mass transfer and ohmic overvoltage (Eohm). 푎푛 푐푎푡 퐸푎푐푡 = 퐸 − 퐸 (30) 푅푇 푎푐푡 푎푐푡 퐸푂 = 퐸푟푒푣 + 푙푛(푝ℎ2√푝표2) (15) 푐 2퐹 푅푇 𝑖 푅푇 𝑖 퐸푎푐푡 = 푙푛 ( 푎푛) + 푙푛 ( 푐푎푡) (31) ∝푎푛퐹 𝑖0 ∝푐푎푡퐹 𝑖0 Partial pressure of hydrogen and oxygen, 푃푎푛 푒푡 푃푐푎푡 −∆퐺퐶 1 1 pressure in the anode and cathode. [ ( − )] 푟푒푓 푖푎푛 = 훾 × 푒 푅 푇 푇푟푒푓 푖 (32) 0 푀 0,푎푛 푝 = 푋 푃 −∆퐺 1 1 ℎ2 퐻2 푎푛 (16) [ 퐶( − )] 푐푎푡 푅 푇 푇푟푒푓 푟푒푓 푖0 = 훾푀 × 푒 푖0,푐푎푡 (33)

푝푂2 = 푋푂2 푃푐푎푡 (17) 푖0 : effective density of the exchanged current; 푖 : The mole fraction of hydrogen, oxygen and water; current density (A/cm²).

푎푛 푐푎푡 푛 퐸푐표푚 = 퐸푐표푚 − 퐸푐표푚 (34) 푋 = 퐻2 (18) 퐻2 푛 +푛푎푛 퐻2 퐻2푂 퐶푚푒푚 퐶푚푒푚 푅푇 퐻2 푅푇 푂2 퐸푐표푚 = 푙푛 ( 푚푒푚) + 푙푛 ( 푚푒푚) (35) 푛 2퐹 퐶퐻 ,0 2퐹 퐶푂 ,0 푋 = 푂2 (19) 2 2 푂2 푛 +푛푎푛 푂2 퐻2푂 At the membrane-electrode interface, molar 푛푎푛 concentrations are expressed: 푋푎푛 = 퐻2푂 (20) 퐻2푂 푛 +푛푎푛 퐻2 퐻2푂 훿푎푛×푛 퐶푚푒푚 = 퐶푐ℎ + 푒푙 퐻2 (36) 퐻2 퐻2 퐷푎푛 The molar flow of hydrogen through the anode: 푒푓푓

푐푎푡 푁̇ 푚푒푚 푐ℎ 훿푒푙 ×푛푂2 퐻2,푖 퐶 = 퐶 + 푛 = (21) 푂2 푂2 푐푎푡 (37) 퐻2 퐴 퐷푒푓푓

푎푛 푐푎푡 The molar flow of oxygen through the cathode: 훿푒푙 ; 훿푒푙 : are respectively the anode and cathode thickness, molar concentrations of oxygen and hydrogen 푁̇ 푛 = 푂2,푖 (22) 푂2 퐴 in the channels.

푎푛 휑푎푛푃푠푎푡 푃 푋 푛 = (23) 푐ℎ 푎푛 퐻2 퐻2푂 퐶 = (38) 푃푎푛 퐻2 푅푇

푃 푋 The expression for the saturation pressure is obtained 푐ℎ 푐푎푡 푂2 퐶푂 = (39) by the following equation: 2 푅푇

log (푃푠푎푡) = −2.1794 + 0.02953푇 … … The diffusion of a molecular species with an average free path through a porous medium with an average pore −9.1837.10−5푇2 + 1.4454. 10−7푇3 (24) radius r is expressed:

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푃 = 푁 (푈 − 퐸 ) 퐼 (58) 1 = 휀 ( 1 + 1 ) 푡ℎ 푠 푡푛 푠푡푎푐푘 퐷푐푎푡 휇 푂2−퐻2푂 퐻2푂,퐾 (40) 푒푓푓 퐷푒푓푓 퐷푒푓푓 (58): Thermal power released by the reaction; 휑푒푥푡 : 푎푛,푐푎푡 flux exchanged with the outside; 휑푔푎푧 : Flow evacuated Where 퐷푒푓푓 is the effective binary diffusion 휀 by gases. coefficient; is the report of porosity on tortuosity. 휇 Table 2. Data PEM fuel cell.

퐻2푂,퐾 4 8푅푇 퐻2−퐻2푂 Description 퐷푒푓푓 = 푟̅√ 퐷푒푓푓 (41) Values 3 휋푀퐻2푂 훽 22 1 ⁄2 3⁄ 푂2−퐻2푂 1 1 푇 2 푆ℎ2 1.2 퐷푒푓푓 = 0.00133 ( − ) 2 (42) 푀푂 푀퐻 푂 푃푐푎푡 휎푂 Ω퐷 2 2 2−퐻2푂 A 140cm² Ω = 1.06 + 0.193 + 1.036 + 1.765 푇푟푒푓 303퐾 퐷 휏0.156 푒0.476휏 푒1.53휏 3.894휏 (43) 휖푚푒푚 0.0254 cm Ω is a dimensionless diffusion collision integral; The 퐷 ∝푎푛 0.7 mean molecular radi of species are express as following: ∝푐푎푡 1.7 휎퐻 −휎퐻 푂 휎 = 2 2 (44) 훾푀 47 퐻2−퐻2푂 2 푖푟푒푓 1 × 10−4 퐴. 푐푚−2 휎푂2−휎퐻2푂 0,푎푛 휎푂 = (45) 2−퐻2푂 2 푟푒푓 1 × 10−9 퐴. 푐푚−2 푖0,푐푎푡 휏 = 푘푇 푎푛 퐻2−퐻2푂 (46) 훿 휀퐻2−퐻2푂 푒푙 0.008 cm

푘푇 휎퐻2 2.827 A 휏푂2−퐻2푂 = (47) 휀푂2−퐻2푂 휎푂2 3.467 A

Lennard-Jones energies are expressed as follows: 휎퐻2푂 2.641 A

휀퐻2 59.7 K 휀퐻2−퐻2푂 = √휀퐻2 휀퐻2푂 (48) 휀퐻2푂 809.1 K

휀푂2−퐻2푂 = √휀푂2휀퐻2푂 (49) 휀푂2 106.7 K

The ohmic overvoltage, resistance of electrodes, plates 푀퐻2푂 18.01528 푒푙 푝푙 and membrane respectively (푅표푚ℎ, 푅표푚ℎ 푒푡 푅푚푒푚): 푟̅ 0.06

퐸 = (푅푒푙 + 푅푝푙 +푅 )퐼 표ℎ푚 표푚ℎ 표푚ℎ 푚푒푚 (50) 3 Case study and results 푅푒푙 , 푅푝푙 = 휌푒푙 표푚ℎ 표푚ℎ (1−휀)1.5 (51) 3.1 Energy balance of the building studied. 휖푚푒푚 퐼 퐸표ℎ푚 = (52) 퐴 휎푚푒푚 This study will focus on data from a 3-star hotel in Paris

푚푒푚 휖푚푒푚 𝑖 [20]. We will focus on the consumption of the hotel's 퐸표ℎ푚 = (53) 휎푚푒푚 Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) circuits, which represents a significant part of the The conductivity of the membrane can be empirically consumption of energy within a residence [21]. In expressed as: addition, this sector is the second energy consumer and 1 1 [휉( − )] 푇 푇 second polluter to date [22]. Table 3 contains the data 휎 = (0.005139훽 − 0.00326)푒 푟푒푓 (54) 푚푒푚 for this study, from electricity the blue in the Table 3 represents the natural gas, and Table 4 presents the cost 휉 = −∆퐺퐶 = 1268퐾 ; 훽 the degree of humidification. 푅 is over 10 years according to this consumption. Electrical power from fuel cell PEM is: Table 3. Hotel consumption. 푃푠푡푎푐푘 = 푁 퐸푠푡푎푐푘 퐼 (55) Description The diffusion of a molecular species with an average Consumption(KWh/year) free path through a porous medium with an average Heating pump 20000 pore radius r is expressed kg/s: Electric heater 20000 50400 −8 푃푠푡푎푐푘 air conditioner 퐻2푂푝푟표푑 = 9.34 ∗ 10 (56) 퐸푠푡푎푐푘 Air renewal 162000 The heat balance: Kitchen extractor 5600 Hot water 61000 푑휃 퐶 ( ) = 푃 − 휑 − 휑 (57) 푝 푑푡 푡ℎ 푒푥푡 푔푎푧 Hot water 372000

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푃푐 = 푇푐 × 퐺퐸푆 (59)

퐺퐸푆 = 퐶푎 × 퐹퐸 × 푃푅퐺 (60)

With the global warming potential (PRG) = 1, (푇푐): carbon tax taken at 86.2 € / tCO2, (퐹퐸): the emission factor, (GES): greenhouse gases, (퐶푎): consumption, (푃푐): carbon price.

Table 4. Spend over 10 years electricity and natural gas.

Energy FE(gCO2e/ Cost (€/10 Pc(€/year) cost KWh) years) (€/year) 49 84,476 4318 Fig. 3. Hydrogen production 49 84,476 4318 59 256,32 10881.3 704624,56 59 823,89 34975.5 75 36,204 1209.04

58 304,9756 13169.9

443 14205,41 25854 400594.15

3.2 Simulation of re-eletrification by PEM hydrogen storage and demonstration of the usable thermal power

3.2.1 Sizing of the isolated solar system

After calculation on PVsyst (Figure 2), we estimate a nominal power to be supplied by the field of 218KWp, the storage batteries must provide 24KW per day. Fig. 4. Comparison of the power in electrolysis

Fig. 2. Solar power and battery capacity calculate on PVsyst.

Through the energy to be supplied by the batteries according to PVsyst we simulate the storage of hydrogen making it possible to supply 24kw per day. Fig. 5. Evolution of the pressure according to the current absorbed. 3.2.2 Simulation of water electrolysis 3.2.3 Fuel cell PE result and simulation In this simulation, we produce the rate of hydrogen to be stored in the flask (Figure 3). In addition, we highlight In the (Figure 6) we show the evolution of losses during the evolution of powers in (Figure 4), we see that the the production of electricity, the (Figure 7) shows the thermal power can be endothermic or exothermic, the variation of the thermal power compared to the electrical power absorbed becomes less than the thermal power power produced, we notice that the thermal power and the real power consumed for hydrogen. (Figure 5) becomes more important than the electrical power shows how the pressure increases in the tank according produced after a while, which shows the importance of to the current coming from the photovoltaic field this power in this system. Through the energy to be supplied by the batteries according to PVsyst we simulate the storage of hydrogen making it possible to supply 24kw per day.

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In (Figure 8), we compare the thermal power on the electrolysis side with that on the fuel cell side, in conclusion, cogeneration on the fuel cell side is more beneficial.

Fig. 6. Evolution of voltage losses.

Fig. 7. Power curve in the stacks fuel cell.

Fig. 9. Green hydrogen production system.

Figure 9, shows the numerical results of the simulation, we see that by producing 24 KW of electric power per day we obtain at the same time a thermal power of 31 KW at a temperature of 80°C. By using this thermal power at this temperature, we are able to cover the sanitary water heating which was supplied by natural gas. This eliminates the cost of Fig. 8. Behaviour of thermal power in the green natural gas energy. hydrogen chain. In the Table 5 we present an estimate of the cost of the PEM stack solution in this case study.

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3.2.4 Cost analysis in thermic power for all the chains. However, this simulation indicates it is possible to warm up 147 The cost of solar installation and hydrogen production circuits of hot water from the hotel study up to around can be estimated according to [23-26] 70°C, by convection and thermal conduction.

Table 5. over 10 years. The economic study carried out shows us a short- Cost estimation term return on investment taking into account the fall in

the cost of solar panels over the next 10 years as opposed Energy System Description to the increase in the carbon tax in this same period. A (Kwh/year) cost (€) return on investment is estimated from the 5th year for Electrolysis(599€/kw) 210240 5 247240 the use of green hydrogen compared to the use of Fuel cell(40€/kw) 210240 350400 electricity + natural gas. This time is much shorter in the Energy PV 1918440 284700 case of the use of electricity to cover all HVAC needs,

from the three and a half years. 푃푠푡푎푐푘 = 0.15 × 퐶표푠푡푃퐸푀 (61) In conclusion, a techno-economic study shows the use 푃푐푙푒푎푛푃푉 = 26.42 × 퐴푟푒푎푃푉 (62) of thermal power of the fuel cell for tertiary heating provides an interesting return on the investment. Thus, In this part we present the evolution of the spending of encouraging investors on this sector to use green the hotel over 10 years ( Figure 10), we note that the hydrogen for a better preventive energy strategy. calculation takes into account; (61) the cost of solar In short, this techno-economic study shows that the cleaning each year, as well as (62) the cost of changing use of the thermal power of the fuel cell for tertiary the stacks every 5 years with the following equations heating makes it possible to obtain an interesting return [26-27]. on investment thus making it possible to encourage investors in this sector to use the green hydrogen. 30000000 Note that this cost can be further reduced by using the water of the reaction in the fuel cell, indeed 20000000 according to statistics, the cost of water has been increasing gradually for years and it will increase further in the years to come, therefore using this water for Cost € Cost 10000000 gardening needs would save money.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 years Acknowledgements PV+H2 electricity+gaz 100% electricity My most sincere thanks to my supervisors Pr. Rabbah Nabila and Pr Touati Abdelwahed who accompanies me Fig. 10. Cost evolution. tirelessly, I also wish to thank Moussavou Fatombi Bassiratou who help me correct the texts. Case 1: the red curve shows the evolution of the cost when the hotel is supplied with electricity and gas (the DHW circuit supplies with natural gas), against the References curve in blue solar+hydrogen where we recover 31 kw of thermal power produced by the reaction when 1. “AR5 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2014 generating an electrical power of 24kw (Figure 9). This — IPCC.” [Online]. Available: thermal power generated at 80°C can heat the 147 water https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/. (Accessed: circuits to 71°C and cover the cost of natural gas. We 07-Jul-2020). see here that the return on investment is done after 5 2. “Outcomes of COP21 and the IPCC | World years. Meteorological Organization.” [Online]. Available: Case 2: This is the solution where all the heating is https://public.wmo.int/en/resources/bulletin/out based on electricity in green against the solar hydrogen comes-of-cop21-and-ipcc. (Accessed: 07-Jul- system with heat recovery in blue. We see here a return 2020). on investment in three and a half years. 3. M. Pfahler, S. Branner, and H. J. Refior, Die komplette rotatorenmanschettenruptur - 4 Conclusion Differenzierte op-techniken und mittelfristige ergebnisse, vol. 137, no. 4. (1999.) To perform one realistic study of a technical-economic 4. “World Population Prospects - Population base on evident data, we did the chain model and Division - United Nations.” [Online]. simulation of green hydrogen production for the re- Available: https://population.un.org/wpp/. electrification by fuel cell PEM. Through this (Accessed: 02-Jul-2020). simulation, we produce 24KW electric power per day by 5. ADEME, “Base carbone v11,” (2014.) green hydrogen storage. That electrical production 6. Trajectoires d’évolution du mix électrique 2020- creates a thermic power of 31 KW at 80ºC to fuel cell. 2060 ADEME. (2020.) The study demonstrates fuel cells present better results

7 E3S Web of Conferences 229, 01038 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122901038 ICCSRE’2020

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