Neotropical Species of Dietta (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Leiodinae: Estadiini) 810

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Neotropical species of Dietta (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Leiodinae: Estadiini) 810

Stewart B Peck,1 Joyce Cook Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada

The Canadian Entomologist 135: 775 – 810 (2003)

Abstract—The genus Dietta Sharp, 1876 was previously known in the Neotropics only by D. sharpi Matthews, 1887 from Panama. This paper describes a new subgenus of Dietta, Mesodietta subgen. nov., occurring in Middle America and northern South America west of the Andes, composed of D.(M.) sharpi Matthews and eight additional new species: D.(M.) esmeraldas sp. nov., D.(M.) latidens sp. nov., D.(M.) lobidens sp. nov., D.(M.) mesoamerica sp. nov., D.(M.) mexicanus sp. nov., D.(M.) puntarenas sp. nov., D.(M.) rectispina sp. nov., and D.(M). uncinata sp. nov. Additionally, seven new species of Dietta, subgenus Dietta, are described: D.(D.) argentinensis sp. nov., D.(D.) atlantica sp. nov., D.(D.) geraisensis sp. nov., D.(D.) guiana sp. nov., D.(D.) huanuco sp. nov., D.(D.) pauloensis sp. nov., and D.(D.) sucumbios sp. nov.

Peck SB, Cook J. 2003. Les espèces néotropicales de Dietta (Coleoptera : Leiodidae : Leiodinae : Estadiini). The Canadian Entomologist 135 : 775–810.

Résumé—Jusqu’à maintenant, on ne connaissait qu’une seule espèce néotropicale du genre Dietta Sharp, 1876 soit D. sharpi Matthews, 1887 du Panama. On trouvera ici la description d’un nouveau sous-genre de Dietta, Mesodietta subgen. nov., qui habite l’Amérique centrale et le nord de l’Amérique du Sud, à l’ouest des Andes et qui comprend D. (M.) sharpi Matthews, ainsi que huit espèces additionnelles nouvelles : D. (M.) esmeraldas sp. nov., D. (M.) latidens sp. nov., D. (M.) lobidens sp. nov., D. (M.) mesoamerica sp. nov., D. (M.) mexicanus sp. nov., D. (M.) puntarenas sp. nov., D.(M.) rectispina sp. nov. et D. (M.) uncinata sp. nov. On trouvera égale- ment la description de sept nouvelles espèces de Dietta, sous-genre Dietta : D. (D.) argentinensis sp. nov., D. (D.) atlantica sp. nov., D. (D.) geraisensis sp. nov., D. (D.) guiana sp.nov., D. (D.) huanuco sp. nov., D. (D.) pauloensis sp. nov. et D. (D.) sucumbios sp. nov. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

Introduction The genus Dietta is an unusual and poorly known component of the beetle fauna of the Neotropics. During general sorting of medium-sized to small beetles, they are most often first thought to be small scarab beetles, in spite of the non-scarab shape of the antennae. They have also been thought to be unusual silphids (where the genus Dietta was once classified), allied to the genus Nicrophorus Fabricius. The conspicuous indicator that they belong in the Leiodidae is that the eighth antennal segment is smaller than the seventh and ninth, the common hallmark of most Leiodidae (Fig. 1). The genus Dietta is based on Dietta sperata Sharp, 1876 from Australia. The genus Dietta has a tropical, southern subtropical, and warm temperate distribution (Newton 1998), and is known from Australia (3 species), Africa and Madagascar (16 species, Peck 2003), and

1 Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).

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FIGURE 1. Dietta (Mesodietta) rectispina. Habitus. Body length 4.6 mm.

the Neotropics. This suggests a “Gondwanan” distribution pattern and may hint at a Gondwana origin. Only one species of Dietta was previously known from the Neotropics: Dietta sharpi Matthews, 1887 described from Volcan Chiriqui, western Panama. This paper describes 15 additional species from the Neotropics. Undoubtedly, many more species remain to be discovered. Most Neotropical collections of the genus Dietta are from moist or wet lowland or montane tropical and subtropical forests. Only one species from the Neotropics is known from strongly seasonal and open savanna or scrub forest habitats, which is where the genus Dietta is known to occur abundantly in southern Africa and Australia (Peck 2003; SB Peck, unpublished data). In the past, specimens were only rarely collected, and these were at lights or in Malaise traps. The extensive use of large-area flight-intercept traps (FIT) (Peck and Davies 1980) has dra- matically increased the number of Neotropical specimens now available for study to nearly 600. Intensive sampling in Costa Rica, for the Instituto Nacional de

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Biodiversidad (INBIO) countrywide species diversity study, has produced the largest number of specimens. Estadiine beetles have never been found on any items that could be considered to be their food or that of their larvae, and larvae are unknown. It is assumed that both adults and larvae feed on subterranean fungi, because of the robust digging legs and large and strong mandibles of the adults, and the fact that the seemingly closely related Sogdini leiodines are known to feed on such fungi (Newton 1998). It is also of note that females are collected much more frequently in flight-intercept traps than males, and that males are not known for several species. Newton (1998) clarified the systematic position of the genus Dietta. The genus is now placed in the leiodid subfamily Leiodinae, forming the sole genus in the tribe Estadiini. In general appearance, the genus Dietta most closely resembles members of the tribe Sogdini; this tribe contains eight genera, including the relatively common north temperate genus Hydnobius Schmidt. The tribe Estadiini is characterized by hav- ing a deeply emarginate labrum; tarsal formula 5-5-5 in both sexes, with the first tarsomere being much smaller than the second; and the mesocoxae being widely separated by a distance about equal to their length. The sexes are usually difficult to separate externally. Dissection is often needed to confirm the sex of a specimen. This study has found that males of most species have tufts of fine pale setae on the undersides of some pro- and meso-tarsal segments, and these are not found in the females. The body lengths of the Neotropical species range from about 3 to 5 mm. Previous work and this study have shown that the most useful characters to separate the species are (i) the patterns of teeth on the inner edges of the mandibles, (ii) the shape and position of teeth on the metathoracic trochanter and tibia, and (iii) the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus and its internal armature and parameres. We have not been able to find a sclerotized spermatheca.

Material and methods Five hundred and ninety-seven specimens of Estadiini from Mexico, Central America, and South America were examined. Males were dissected, the genitalia mounted in Euparal medium on microslides, and then pinned with the specimens from which they originated. Drawings were traced from microprojector images, then inked on mylar drawing paper. Measurements were made from dry specimens with a linear ocular micrometer in a binocular microscope. Pronotal length was measured on the dorsal midline. Elytral length was measured laterally from base to apex (chord of the arc). Total length is given as pronotal length plus elytral length. Greatest width was measured dorsally at the widest point of the two closed elytra. The following acronyms are used to indicate source or depository of specimens: BMNH British Museum (Natural History), London, United Kingdom CMNH Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvannia, United States of America CMNC Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada FMNH Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America FSCA Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America INBIO Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo, Costa Rica JMMC Jean-Michel Maes collection, Leon, Nicaragua SEMC Snow Entomology Museum, University of Kansas Museum of Natural His- tory, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America

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TABLE 1. Character polarization of Dietta species grouped by continent.

Character Plesiomorphic state Apomorphic states 1. Mandibles: basal row of small teeth Absent (0) Present (1) 2. Antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 Sparsely setose (0) Segment 10 densely setose (1); segments 7, 9, and 10 densely setose (2) 3. Length of antennal segment 11 Equal to or greater Less than width (1) than width (0) 4. Clypeus Heavily sclerotized, Thin and pale (1) dark (0) 5. Apex of prosternal process Narrow (0) Triangular (1); pentagonal (2) 6. Procoxal cavities Widely open (0) Narrowly open (1); narrowly closed (2); strongly closed (3) 7. Hypomeral processes Not fused to prosternal Fused to prosternal process (1) process (0) 8. Aedeagus median lobe Entire (0) Bifurcated (1) 9. Parameres Short (0) Elongate (1) 10. Armature of internal sac Setae (0) Sclerotized teeth (1)

NOTE: Outgroup is Hydnobius matthewsi Crotch.

TABLE 2. Character matrix of Dietta species grouped by continents.

Character* 12345678910 Outgroup 0 0 0 0000000 South America 0 0 1 1100001 Australia 0 0 1 111000? Africa 0 1 1 112000? Central America 1 2 0 0231110

NOTE: 0, plesiomorphic state; 1, 2, or 3, apomorphic states; ?, missing data. * Characters: 1, mandibles: basal row of small teeth; 2, antennal segments 7, 9, and 10; 3, length of antennal segment 11; 4, clypeus; 5, apex of prosternal process; 6, procoxal cavities; 7, hypomeral processes; 8, aedeagus median lobe; 9, parameres; 10, armature of internal sac.

MZSP Museum of Zoology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil SBPC Stewart B Peck Collection, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada TAMU TexasA&MUniversity, College Station, Texas, United States of America USNM United States National Museum, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America Characters and character states used for the phylogenetic analyses are provided (Tables 1, 3). The matrices (Tables 2, 4) were analyzed with PAUP version 4b10 (Swofford 2003). All characters are of equal weight, and unordered states were used for the transformation series. Character transformations are hypothesized following ACCTRAN optimization. The cladograms (Figs. 2, 3) were constructed using Winclada version 0.9.99m24 (Nixon 1999). Basal species relationships for the genus Dietta are grouped by continent, assum- ing that each continental grouping is monophyletic (Fig. 2); relationships for Neotropi- cal species are shown (Fig. 3). The species are arranged alphabetically in the following text within the subgenus Dietta of South America and the subgenus Mesodietta of

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TABLE 3. Character polarization of Neotropical Dietta species.

Character Plesiomorphic state Apomorphic states 1. Mandibles: basal row of Absent (0) Present (1) small teeth 2. Mandibles: serrations on Absent (0) Present on right mandible (1); inner margin of apical half present on both mandibles (2) 3. Left mandible: large lobe- Absent (0) Present (1) like tooth 4. Right mandible: large tooth Bidentate (0) Unidentate (1) on inner margin 5. Antennal segments 7, 9, Sparsely setose (0) Partly densely and finely setose and 10 (1); entirely densely and finely setose (2) 6. Antennal segment 11 Length equal to or greater than Length less than width (1) width (0) 7. Clypeus Heavily sclerotized, dark (0) Thin and pale (1) 8. Eyes Small, not strongly protruding (0) Large, protruding (1) 9. Post-ocular tempora Present (0) Absent (1) 10. Vertex Punctate (0) Punctation reduced or absent (1) 11. Pronotum Punctate throughout (0) Scattered punctures (1) 12. Pronotum length Less than width (0) Equal to or greater than width (1) 13. Procoxal cavities Open (0) Closed (1) 14. Mesocoxae Narrowly separated (0) Very widely separated (1) 15. Metafemur Not dentate (0) Dentate (1) 16. Aedeagus: median lobe Entire (0) Bifurcated (1) 17. Parameres Short (0) Elongate (1) 18. Paramere apices Straight or weakly curved (0) Distinctly inwardly curved (1) 19. Armature of internal sac Setae (0) Sclerotized teeth (1)

NOTE: Outgroup is Hydnobius matthewsi Crotch.

Central America and northwestern South America. The data given for holotype and paratype specimens are as they appear on specimen labels.

Results and discussion

Phylogeny The wide distribution and monobasic nature of the genus Dietta in Estadiini is in- dicative of an old and conservative group. The cladistic analysis showed that the genus is composed of two well-supported basal clades (Fig. 2). One of these clades contains distinct subsets of species from Africa (plus Madagascar), Australia, and most of South America. These geographic areas are separated by few apomorphies, but the species do group into monophyletic assemblages for each continental region. The second basal clade is composed of species from Central America and adjacent northwestern South America. We propose that these two basal clades represent divisions to which we give subgeneric rank. Thus, the subgenus Dietta (Dietta) is represented by the species in Af- rica, Australia, and most of South America, and we propose Dietta (Mesodietta) subgen. nov. for the species in Central America and northwestern South America. The subgenus Mesodietta is based on several apomorphies; the most significant being the pentagonal procoxal process and the strongly closed procoxal cavities

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780 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST November/December 2003 procoxal cavities; 14, mesocoxae; 15, ; 4, right mandible: large tooth on inner margin; 5, Character* species. Dietta 0000000000000000000 0210011000000110001 0000011110000110001 000001100010010???? 000011111000011???? 0210111000010110001 000001100010011???? 021001111000010???? 1101200110111101110 1?0?200110111101100 110020000011110???? 1101200111111101100 1100200110111101100 110020011111110???? 1101200111111101100 1101200110111101100 1100200110111101110 12345678910111213141516171819 4. Character matrix of Neotropical : 0, plesiomorphic state; 1 or 2, apomorphic states; ?, missing data. ABLE OTE T Outgroup D. argentinensis D. atlantica D. geraisensis D. guiana D. huanuco D. pauloensis D. sucumbios D. esmeraldas D. latidens D. lobidens D. mesoamericana D. mexicana D. puntarenas D. rectispina D. sharpi D. uncinata N * Characters: 1, mandibles: basal row of small teeth; 2, mandibles: serrations on inner margin of apical half; 3, left mandible: large lobe-like tooth antennal segments 7, 9,metafemur; and 16, 10; aedeagus: 6, median antennal lobe; segment 17, 11; parameres; 18, 7, paramere clypeus; apices; 8, 19, eyes; armature 9, of post-ocular internal tempora; sac. 10, vertex; 11, pronotum; 12, pronotum length; 13,

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FIGURE 2. Cladogram showing relationships within the genus Dietta. Species grouped by continent. Solid circles represent homology and open circles indicate homoplasy. Character numbers are above each circle and character states are below. Tree length = 17; consistency index = 0.82.

(Fig. 7). In the subgenus Dietta, the procoxal process is triangular in shape and the procoxal cavities may be widely open (South American species, Fig. 4), narrowly open (Australian species, Fig. 5) or weakly closed (African species, Fig. 6). Within beetle systematics an open procoxal cavity condition is judged to be plesiotypic (Crowson 1981). The cavities become closed in several ways and many times independently in Staphylinoidea (Newton 1998). We report here, in the subgenus Mesodietta, the condition of the cavities closed by complete fusion of the hypomeral and prosternal processes, with a suture being present. The phylogenies within the clades of Neotropical Dietta (Dietta) spp. and Dietta (Mesodietta) spp. are not well resolved (Fig. 3).

Biogeography The phylogeny of the genus Dietta (Fig. 2) and its distribution in southern continental land masses suggests a parsimonious reconstruction of its biogeographic history. The history is likely linked to the changing plate tectonic geometry of the continents through geological time. There is a long history of interpreting the basal clado-vicariant patterns of leiodid biogeography within a context of shifting continental position. This dates to the early work of René Jeannel (1936; see Peck 1998) and continues to the present (Giachino et al. 1998). The contemporary reconstructions for Central America and South America are now based on a firm foundation of geological data (Donnelly 1992; Itturalde-Vinent and MacPhee 1999). We thus paint, with broad brush strokes, the following reconstruction. The ancestor to the genus Dietta was a widespread taxon in Cretaceous Gondwana, when today’s southern continents were united in a single southern land mass. We suggest a Creta- ceous dispersal from Gondwana to Laurasia. This lineage developed the apomorphies of the subgenus Mesodietta clade on the Laurasian continent and dispersed to tropical lands that would become Mesoamerica (Central America), a region which has been an important center for animal evolution (Savage 1966, 1974, 2002). There are no data to suggest how this ancestor reached Laurasia and no data on the dispersal route taken to Mesoamerica. The entry of the subgenus Mesodietta from Central America into South America probably occurred in the late Tertiary, with the uplift of the Panamanian isthmus and the lowlands of the Rio Atrato depression of Colombia, and the reduction and elimination of the water gaps separating Central America and South America. The separation of the South American, African, and Australian clades occurred as vicariant events in the late Cretaceous or early Tertiary as these land masses separated,

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FIGURE 3. Strict consensus cladogram showing relationships among the Neotropical species of the genus Dietta. Solid circles represent homology and open circles indicate homoplasy. Character numbers are above each circle and character states below. Tree length = 31; consistency index = 0.68.

with Africa separating first, and later South America and Australia. These clade separa- tions in the genus Dietta happened in the sequence generally agreed upon for these land areas for vertebrates (Cracraft 1974), many animal and plant groups (Keast 1973), an- giosperms (Raven and Axelrod 1975), and insects (Kimsey 1992). The most common pattern of relationships of leiodids of Australia is with the south temperate Chilean subregion (a trans-antarctic pattern) rather than the tropical parts of the South American continent (Newton 1985). The genus Dietta should be added to Newton’s (1985) list of staphylinoid beetles with austral disjunctions. We reject the alternative scenario that the split of the subgenus Mesodietta from the genus Dietta s.s. was an earlier vicariant separation (Triassic–Jurassic) when the

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FIGURES 4–7. External closure of procoxal cavities of the genus Dietta:4,D. (D.) huanuco from South America, procoxal cavities broadly open; 5, D. (D.) sperata from Australia, procoxal cavities narrowly open; 6, D. (D.) strigifrons from Africa, procoxal cavities closed but not fused; 7, D. (M.) mesoamericana from Central America, procoxal cavities closed and hypomeral processes fused to prosternal process. HP, hypomeral process; PC, procoxa; PSP, prosternal process. Arrows indicate open procoxal cavities. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

single world continent of Pangea separated into northern Laurasia and southern Gond- wana. This would predict the presence of other Estadiini representatives in other Laurasian lands than just the subgenus Mesodietta concentrated in Central America (then an appendage of North America). But extinction can account for this as it appar- ently does for the absence of the genus Dietta in India, another former part of Gond- wana. We know of no evidence to suggest such a great antiquity for the genus Dietta or Estadiini, and it is not suggested in the phylogeny of Newton (1998). Such a scenario would imply immense morphological conservatism in the genus Dietta. We also reject the alternative idea that the subgenus Mesodietta originated in South America and dispersed to Central America with the closing of the Panama water gap in the Pliocene. We think that the characters defining the subgenus Mesodietta clade are too strong to have originated in this short time period, and can think of no rea- son why the clade would not occur more widely throughout other parts of South Amer- ica. Within the clades of subgenera Dietta (Mesodietta) and Dietta (Dietta) of South America, we think it premature to attempt to reconstruct a more detailed evolutionary and biogeographic history. This should await for a more complete understanding of the totality of the taxa actually present and their more detailed distributions.

Taxonomic treatment

Tribe Estadiini Portevin, 1914; genus Dietta Sharp

Dietta Sharp, 1876: 78 Type species: Dietta sperata Sharp, 1876 (by monotypy), specimen in BMNH, (seen) Estadia Farimaire, 1903: 183 (not Sellards 1909) Type species: Estadia capito Fairmaire, 1903 (by monotypy). Synonomy by Decelle (1988) Eustadia; Hatch, 1928: 77 (misspelling of Estadia)

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Key to species of Neotropical genus Dietta

1a. Clypeus lightly sclerotized, pale; procoxal cavities externally widely open (Fig. 4); widely distributed in South America … subgenus Dietta Sharp ...... 2 1b. Clypeus heavily sclerotized, dark; procoxal cavities externally strongly closed (Fig. 7); distributed from Mexico to Panama and adjacent northwestern South America to western Ecuador ...... Mesodietta subgen. nov...... 8 2a. Eyes large, strongly protruding laterally (Fig. 9) ...... 3 2b. Eyes small, not strongly protruding laterally (Fig. 8)...... 5 3a. Metafemur with a distinctive tooth (Fig. 11) ...... 4 3b. Metafemur lacking a distinctive tooth (Fig. 26); metatrochanter with a large apical tooth; antennal segment 11 large, wider than preceding segments; Ecuador...... D.(D.) sucumbios sp. nov. 4a. Metatrochanteral tooth minute or absent (Fig. 19); elytral length about equal to width; French Guiana ...... D. (D.) guiana sp. nov. 4b. Metatrochanter with an elongate, curved tooth (Fig. 14); elytral length greater than width; Brazil...... D.(D.) atlantica sp. nov. 5a. Metafemur not dentate (Fig. 17); southern Brazil ...... D.(D.) geraisensis sp. nov. 5b. Metafemur with a distinctive tooth on posterior margin...... 6 6a. Metafemoral tooth near apex of femur (Fig. 11); antennal segment 11 emarginate at apex; northwestern Argentina ...... D.(D.) argentinensis sp. nov. 6b. Metafemoral tooth midway between apex of metatrochanter and apex of femur ; antennal segment 11 rounded at apex ...... 7 7a. Metatrochanteral tooth angled laterally (Fig. 24); metatibia shorter than femur; outer margin of mandibles not dentate (Fig. 23); Brazil ...... D.(D.) pauloensis sp. nov. 7b. Metatrochanteral tooth angled posteriorly (Fig. 21); metatibia longer than femur; outer margin of mandibles dentate (Fig. 20); Peru ...... D.(D.) huanuco sp. nov. 8a. Eyes small, not strongly protruding laterally; metatrochanteral tooth lobed (Fig. 34); El Salvador ...... D.(M.) lobidens sp. nov. 8b. Eyes large, strongly protruding laterally ...... 9 9a. Metatrochanter with one or more secondary teeth (Fig. 39) in addition to apical tooth ...... 10 9b. Metatrochanter lacking secondary teeth...... 13 10a. Metatrochanter with two secondary teeth (Fig. 39); Mexico ...... D.(M.) mexicana sp. nov. 10b. Metatrochanter with a single secondary tooth ...... 11 11a. Apical tooth of metatrochanter elongate, slender, curved posterolaterally (Fig. 36) ...... D.(M.) mesoamericana sp. nov. 11b. Apical tooth of metatrochanter short ...... 12 12a. Apical tooth of metatrochanter directed laterally (Fig. 31); Guatemala . . . D. (M.) latidens sp. nov. 12b. Apical tooth of metatrochanter directed posteriorly (Fig. 42); Costa Rica ...... D.(M.) puntarenas sp. nov. 13a. Apical tooth of metatrochanter elongate, curved; inner margin of metatibia sinuate (Fig. 50); right mandible bidentate anterior to row of small teeth (Fig. 49) ...... D. (M.) uncinata sp. nov. 13b. Apical tooth of metatrochanter not as above; inner margin of metatibia straight (Fig. 28); right mandible with a single large tooth anterior to row of small teeth ...... 14 14a. Apical tooth of metatrochanter angled posterolaterally (Fig. 28); paramere apices shallowly bifurcated (Fig. 29); Ecuador ...... D.(M.) esmeraldas sp. nov. 14b. Apical tooth of metatrochanter angled posteriorly; paramere apices deeply bifurcated; Central America ...... 15 15a. Apical tooth of metatrochanter broad, strongly angled posteriorly (Fig. 44); bifurcated apices of median lobe broad (Fig. 45)...... D.(M.) rectispina sp. nov. 15b. Apical tooth of metatrochanter small, not strongly angled posteriorly (Fig. 47); bifurcated apices of median lobe narrow (Fig. 48) ...... D.(M.) sharpi Because of the intensive and extensive collecting activity in Costa Rica and Pan- ama, we think it appropriate to present here a separate key for the subgenus Dietta (Mesodietta) of those countries only.

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FIGURE 8. Dietta (Dietta) argentinensis; SEM of head, eyes, and mandibles. FIGURE 9. Dietta (Dietta) guiana; SEM of head, eyes, and mandibles. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Key to subgenus Dietta (Mesodietta)ofCostaRicaand Panama

1a. Metatrochanter with a secondary tooth in addition to apical tooth (Figs. 36, 42) ...... 10 1b. Metatrochanter lacking secondary teeth...... 13 2a. Apical tooth of metatrochanter elongate, slender, curved posterolaterally (Fig. 36) ...... D.(M.) mesoamericana sp. nov. 2b. Apical tooth of metatrochanter short, directed posteriorly (Fig. 42) . . . D.(M.) puntarenas sp. nov. 3a. Apical tooth of metatrochanter elongate, curved, inner margin of metatibia sinuate (Fig. 50); right mandible bidentate anterior to row of small teeth (Fig. 49) ...... D. (M.) uncinata sp. nov. 3b. Apical tooth of metatrochanter angled posteriorly (Figs. 44, 47); right mandible with a single large tooth anterior to row of small teeth (Figs. 43, 46) ...... 4 4a. Apical tooth of metatrochanter broad, strongly angled posteriorly (Fig. 44); bifurcated apices of median lobe broad (Fig. 45)...... D.(M.) rectispina sp. nov. 4b. Apical tooth of metatrochanter small, not strongly angled posteriorly (Fig. 47); bifurcated apices of median lobe narrow (Fig. 48) ...... D.(M.) sharpi

Subgenus Dietta Sharp, 1876 In the Neotropics, this subgenus is distinguished by the following characters: mandibles lacking a basal row of small teeth; antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 sparsely setose; antennal segment 11 short, length less than width; clypeus thin and pale; prosternal process triangular in shape, procoxal cavities externally open (Fig. 4). In addition, all species for which males are known share the following characters: median lobe of aedeagus entire; parameres short; armature of internal sac with sclerotized teeth. The species occur in wet or humid tropical and subtropical forests of South America, excluding the temperate forests of southern Chile and Argentina.

Dietta (Dietta) argentinensis Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 8, 10–12, 52)

Type material Holotype: male (CMNC). ARGENTINA. Salta Province: 17 km N La Caldera, Alto de la Sierra, 1550 m, 2–30.XII.87,S&JPeck, malaise-FIT, 87-134, subtropical humid forest. Paratypes: male. ARGENTINA. Jujuy Province: Calilegua National

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FIGURES 10–12. Dietta (Dietta) argentinensis: 10, mandibles, dorsal; 11, metathoracic leg, ventral; 12, aedeagus, dorsal. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 10), 0.5 mm (Fig. 11), and 0.1 mm (Fig. 12).

Park, Aguas Negras, 550 m, 18–28.XII.87, campground forest malaise-FIT,S&JPeck, SBP 87-174 (SBPC). BOLIVIA. Cochabamba Province: 117 km E Cochabamba at Lagunitas, 1000 m, 17°06′22′′S, 65°40′57′′W, 6–8.II.1999, F Geniér, mountain evergreen forest, ex fit, 99-037 (CMNC).

Etymology The name argentinensis is the Latin adjectival form of Argentina and refers to the first discovery of this species in northwestern Argentina.

Diagnostic description Total length 4.1 mm; greatest width 2.5 mm. Entire head densely punctate. Clypeus pale, truncate at apex. Right mandible with two large teeth, apical one bidentate, row of small teeth absent; left mandible with large blunt median tooth, thin blade-like area posterior to tooth, row of small teeth absent; apical serrations present on both mandibles (Fig. 10). Antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 sparsely setose, segment 11 densely and finely setose; antennal segment 7 asymmetrical, segments 9 and 10 more than twice as wide as long, segment 11 short, truncate at apex. Eyes small, not strongly protruding (Fig. 8). Post-ocular tempora not strongly developed. Pronotum wider than long, length to width ratio averages 0.90:1; sides arcuate, narrowed toward apex. Entire pronotum evenly, finely punctate; all margins with a row of punctures, those of anterior and lateral margins bearing long, curved setae. Elytra about as long as wide, length to width ratio equals 0.98:1. All elytral intervals punctate, punctures bearing long, fine, erect setae. Procoxal cavities open. Metasternum with median longitudinal punctate area in anterior half, impunctate posteriorly. Metatrochanter (Fig. 11) with elongate, outwardly curved tooth at apex. Metafemur with elongate, inwardly curved tooth in posterior half. Metatibia slightly curved, apex moderately expanded. Aedeagus (Fig. 12) broad; apex of median lobe roundly triangular; parameres short, narrow. Armature of internal sac composed of sclerotized teeth.

Variation Males have tufts of whitish setae on the undersides of protarsal segments 1–3 and mesotarsal segments 2–3. Females unknown.

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Bionomics and geographic distribution The species is known from 550 to 1550 m, in December and February, in submontane and subtropical forest in northwestern Argentina and eastern Bolivia (Fig. 52).

Dietta (Dietta) atlantica Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 13–15, 52)

Type material Holotype: male (MZSP). BRASIL. São Paulo State: Intervales State Park, 850 m, S24°16.03′, W48°24.98′, FIT, 20–29.XII.01, atlantic forest, P Gnaspini, S Peck, 01-82. Paratype: female with same data (SBPC).

Etymology The name atlantica is the Latin adjectival form and refers to the geographic distribution of this species in the subtropical Atlantic Forest biome of southeastern Brazil.

Diagnostic description Total length 4.8–5.3 (5.0) mm; greatest width 2.6–2.8 (2.7) mm. Vertex with dense punctation and fine transverse microsculpture; front minutely punctate, with one or more large punctures in anterior half. Apical part of clypeus thin and pale, apex truncate. Right mandible with three large teeth, row of small teeth absent; left mandible with a single small tooth; both mandibles with a thin flange basally, anterior serrations absent; outer margin of left mandible irregular in shape (Fig. 13). Antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 sparsely setose, segment 11 densely and finely setose; antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 short and broad, segment 11 nearly as long as wide, apical third narrower, with finer setae. Eye large, protruding laterally. Post-ocular tempora not developed. Pronotum wider than long, length to width ratio averages 0.91:1; sides evenly, slightly rounded; apex narrower than base. Pronotum entirely minutely punctate, with a row of larger punctures marginally. Elytra elongate, length to width ratio averages 1.21:1. All elytral intervals with setose punctures, at least apically. Procoxal cavities open. Meta- sternum with transversely striate microsculpture in anterior half, a row of setose punctures on posterior margin. Metatrochanter (Fig. 14) with an elongate, inwardly curved tooth near apex. Metafemur with an elongate, inwardly curved tooth at apical third. Metatibia elongate, narrow, widened at apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 15) short and broad, con- stricted before apex, apex of median lobe rounded. Parameres short and narrow. Arma- ture of internal sac composed of both large and small sclerotized teeth.

Variation The male has whitish setae on ventral surface of protarsal segments 2–4 and mesotarsal segments 2–3.

Bionomics and geographic distribution The species is known only from humid evergreen subtropical Atlantic forest at 850-m elevation, in December, in southwestern São Paulo State, Brazil (Fig. 52).

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FIGURES 13–15. Dietta (Dietta) atlantica: 13, mandibles, dorsal; 14, metathoracic leg, ventral; 15, aedeagus, dorsal. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 13), 0.5 mm (Fig. 14), and 0.1 mm (Fig. 15).

Dietta (Dietta) geraisensis Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 16, 17, 52)

Type material Holotype: female (CMNH). BRASIL. Minas Gerais State: Aguas Vermelhas, 800 m, December, 1983, M Alvarenga. Paratype: female with same data (SBPC).

Etymology The name geraisensis is the Latin adjectival form and refers to the geographic distribution of this species in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.

Diagnostic description Total length 3.9–4.2 (4.1) mm; greatest width 2.2–2.4 (2.3) mm. Vertex densely punctate, rest of head with widely spaced minute punctures. Clypeus pale, truncate at apex. Right mandible with three medium-sized to large teeth, basal tooth bidentate, row of small teeth absent; left mandible with a single small tooth; anterior serrations absent on both mandibles (Fig. 16). Antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 sparsely setose, segment 11 densely and finely setose; antennal segment 7 asymmetrical, segments 9 and 10 about twice as wide as long, segment 11 narrower than segment 10, shorter than wide, apex rounded. Eyes small, not strongly protruding. Post-ocular tempora present. Pronotum broader than long, length to width ratio averages 0.87:1; sides slightly rounded. Pronotum impunctate except for marginal row of punctures on sides and base; punctures along sides bearing curved setae. Elytra length greater than width, length to width ratio averages 1.08:1. Elytral intervals 1, 3, 5, and 7–9 punctate anteriorly; apically, intervals 2–9 with setose punctures. Procoxal cavities open. Metasternum nearly impunctate. Metatrochanter (Fig. 17) with elongate, slightly curved, apical tooth. Meta- femur not dentate. Metatibia short, nearly straight, expanded apically.

Variation Male unknown.

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FIGURES 16 and 17. Dietta (Dietta) geraisensis: 16, mandibles, dorsal; 17, metathoracic leg, ventral. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 16) and 0.5 mm (Fig. 17).

Bionomics and geographic distribution Known only from an unspecified (probably forested) habitat in December in south-central Brazil (Fig. 52).

Dietta (Dietta) guiana Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 9, 18, 19, 52)

Type material Holotype: female (CMNC). FRENCH GUIANA. UK18, Saül, 7 km N, 0.5 km ESE Les Eaux Claires, Mt. LaFumeé, 3°39′46′′N, 53°13′19′′W, 300 m, 4–8 June 1997, J Ashe, R Brooks, FG1AB97164 ex: FIT. Paratypes: female, data as for holotype but UK-19, 31 May – 3 June 1997, 123 ex FIT (SBPC), female. FRENCH GUIANA. UK- 25, Roura, 27.4 km SSE, 280 m, 4°44′20′′N, 52°12′25′′W, 10 June 1997, J Ashe, R Brooks, FG1AB97 177 ex: FIT (SEMC).

Etymology The name guiana is used as a noun in apposition and refers to the geographic distribution of this species in French Guiana.

Diagnostic description Total length 3.0–3.4 (3.2) mm; greatest width 1.8–2.1 (2.0) mm. Vertex densely punctate, rest of head with scattered fine punctures. Clypeus pale, truncate at apex. Right mandible with two large teeth, apical one bidentate, row of small teeth absent; left mandible with low, elongate lobe anterior to three small teeth; apical serrations absent (Fig. 18). Antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 densely and finely setose in apical half, segment 11 densely and finely setose; antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 short and broad, segment 11 wider than long. Eyes large, strongly protruding laterally (Fig. 9). Post- ocular tempora absent. Pronotum wider than long, length to width ratio averages 0.80:1; sides straight, shape nearly quadrate. Pronotum evenly, sparsely, finely punctate; a few scattered, larger punctures posteriorly; a row of erect setae along lateral margins. Elytra about as long as wide, length to width ratio averages 1:1. All elytral intervals with setose punctures posteriorly; anteriorly only odd-numbered intervals with setose punctures. Procoxal cavities open. Metasternum short, impunctate. Metatrochanter (Fig. 19) with minute tooth near apex. Metafemur with small tooth in posterior half. Metatibia straight, not expanded apically.

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FIGURES 18 and 19. Dietta (Dietta) guiana: 18, mandibles, dorsal; 19, metathoracic leg, ventral. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (Fig. 18) and 0.5 mm (Fig. 19).

Variation Male unknown.

Bionomics and geographic distribution Known only from 220 to 300 m, in forest, in June, in French Guiana (Fig. 52).

Dietta (Dietta) huanuco Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 20–22, 52)

Type material Holotype: male (FMNH). PERU. Huanuco Department: Cordilla Azul, 39 km NE Tingo Maria, 1700 m, trap site 672, 11–14.I.1993, montane rainforest, A Newton, M Thayer. Paratypes: eight with same data; 1 male, 5 females (FMNH); 1 male, 1 female (SBPC).

Etymology The name huanuco is used as a noun in apposition and refers to the geographic distribution of this species in the Peruvian Department of Huanuco.

Diagnostic description Total length 4.8–5.2 (5.0) mm; greatest width 2.6–2.9 (2.8) mm. Vertex strongly, densely punctate; rest of head with mixture of small and minute punctures. Clypeus pale, truncate at apex. Right mandible with a single large bidentate tooth; left mandible with a single large lobe-like tooth; both mandibles lack basal row of small teeth; both mandibles strongly serrate apically; small tooth on outer margin of each mandible (Fig. 20). Antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 densely and finely setose in apical two-thirds, segment 11 densely and finely setose; antennal segment 7 asymmetrical, segments 9 and 10 broad, more than twice as wide as long, segment 11 short, narrower than preceding segments, with apex emarginate. Eyes moderately small, not strongly protruding laterally, bordered by a distinct carina ventrally and posteriorly. Post-ocular tempora weakly developed. Pronotum about as long as wide, length to width ratio averages 0.97:1; narrowed apically, sides slightly rounded. Pronotum evenly, moderately densely punctate; punctures small to minute; lateral margins with a row of punctures bearing long, erect setae pointing inwards along pronotal surface. Elytra longer than wide, length to width ratio averages 1.10:1; all elytral intervals with punctures bearing erect setae. Procoxal cavities open. Metasternum with a few median punctures arranged lon- gitudinally. Metatrochanter (Fig. 21) with narrow tooth near apex. Metafemur with

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FIGURES 20–22. Dietta (Dietta) huanuco: 20, mandibles, dorsal; 21, metathoracic leg, ventral; 22, aedeagus, dorsal. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 20), 0.5 mm (Fig. 21), and 0.1 mm (Fig. 22).

well-developed, elongate, inwardly curved tooth near middle. Metatibia elongate, slightly curved, moderately widened apically. Aedeagus (Fig. 22) broad, median lobe rounded at apex; parameres slender, evenly curved. Armature of internal sac composed of sclerotized teeth.

Variation This species is sexually dimorphic. Males have tufts of setae ventrally on protarsal segments 1–3 and mesotarsal segments 2–3.

Bionomics and geographic distribution The species is known from a single collection at 1700 m, in montane rainforest, in January, in Huanuco Department, central Peru (Fig. 52).

Dietta (Dietta) pauloensis Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 23, 24, 52)

Type material Holotype: female (USNM). BRASIL. São Paulo State: Piracicaba, 15.XI.65, CA Triplehorn, in blacklight trap. Paratype: one female. BRASIL. Districto Federal: Brasilia, XII.2000, 1100 m, light trap (SBPC).

Etymology The name pauloensis is the Latin adjectival form and refers to the type locality of this species in the east-cental part of the Brazilian state of São Paulo.

Diagnostic description Total length 3.8 mm; greatest width 2.2 mm. Vertex with band of dense punctures, rest of head with scattered minute punctures. Clypeus pale, apex truncate. Right mandible with three large teeth, row of small teeth absent; left mandible with a single small tooth; anterior serrations absent on both mandibles (Fig. 23). Antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 sparsely setose, segment 11 densely and finely setose; antennal segment 7 asymmetrical, segment 9 and 10 about twice as wide as long, segment 11 a bit narrower than

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FIGURES 23 and 24. Dietta (Dietta) pauloensis: 23, mandibles, dorsal; 24, metathoracic leg, ventral. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 23) and 0.5 mm (Fig. 24).

segment 10, shorter than wide, apex rounded. Eyes small, slightly protruding. Post- ocular tempora not strongly developed. Pronotum wider than long, length to width ratio equals 0.91:1; sides slightly rounded, apex narrower than base. Pronotum with a few scattered punctures basally; row of setose punctures on sides and lateral thirds of anterior margin. Elytra about as long as wide, length to width ratio equals 1.02:1. All elytral intervals with setose punctures. Procoxal cavities open. Metasternum nearly impunctate. Metatrochanter (Fig. 24) with a small tooth at apex. Metafemur with a narrow, inwardly curved tooth in apical half. Metatibia short, straight, evenly widened to apex.

Variation Male unknown.

Bionomics and geographic distribution The species is known only from two female specimens collected in unspecified habitats in November and December in east-central São Paulo State, and the Federal District, Brazil (Fig. 52). The vegetation type is probably “campos cerrados”, or open savanna of herbaceous vegetation, with shrubs and widely spaced trees.

Dietta (Dietta) sucumbios Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 25, 26, 52)

Type material Holotype: female (SBPC). ECUADOR. Sucumbios Province: Sacha Lodge [76°30′W, 0°30′S, on Napo River], 270 m, 3–13.VII.1994, Hibbs, ex Malaise, SM0023636-KUNHM-ENT. Paratypes: two females with same data (SBPC, SEMC).

Etymology The name sucumbios is used as a noun in apposition and refers to the geographic distribution of this species in the northeastern Ecuadorian province of Sucumbios.

Diagnostic description Total length 3.3–3.8 (3.5) mm; greatest width 1.9–2.2 (2.1) mm. Vertex densely punctate, rest of head with scattered, minute punctures. Clypeus pale, truncate at apex. Right mandible with two large teeth, each bidentate at apex; left mandible with a single lobe-like tooth; both mandibles lack basal row of small teeth; both mandibles strongly serrate in apical half (Fig. 25). Antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 sparsely setose, segment

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FIGURES 25 and 26. Dietta (Dietta) sucumbios: 25, mandibles, dorsal; 26, metathoracic leg, ventral. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 25) and 0.5 mm (Fig. 26).

11 densely and finely setose; antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 not as wide as segment 11, segment 11 wider than long. Eyes large, strongly protruding laterally. Post-ocular tempora not developed. Pronotum broader than long, length to width ratio averages 0.91:1; sides slightly rounded. Pronotum with scattered, minute punctures; a row of setose punctures along lateral margins. Elytra about as long as wide, length to width ratio averages 1.01:1. All elytral intervals with punctures bearing erect setae. Procoxal cavities open. Metasternum nearly impunctate posteriorly. Metatrochanter (Fig. 26) apically with elongate tooth; tooth angulately curved apically. Metafemur not dentate. Metatibia elongate, narrow, slightly sinuate, not strongly expanded apically.

Variation Male unknown.

Bionomics and geographic distribution The species is known only from July at 270 m, in lowland tropical rainforest, in northeastern Ecuador (Fig. 52).

Mesodietta subgen. nov.

Type species Mesodietta sharpi (Matthews) is here designated as the type species of the subgenus Mesodietta.

Etymology The name is formed from meso (Greek for middle) and the genus Dietta, and refers to this clade of Dietta with a distribution mostly in the biogeographic subregion of Central America (also known as Middle America or Mesoamerica, encompasing the region from southern Mexico to Colombia).

Diagnostic description This subgenus is distinguished by the following combination of characters: mandibles with a basal row of small teeth; antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 densely setose; length of antennal segment 11 equal to or greater than width; clypeus heavily sclerotized, dark; prosternal process pentagonal in shape, procoxal cavities externally closed by fusion of hypomeral processes to prosternal process (Fig. 7). In addition, all species for which males are known share the following characteristics: median lobe of aedeagus bifurcated, parameres elongate, and armature of internal sac composed of

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setae. The species occur in wet or humid forests in Mexico and Central America and the biogeographic extension of these forests along the west side of the Andes in Colom- bia and Ecuador in northwestern South America.

Dietta (Mesodietta) esmeraldas Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 27–29, 52)

Type material Holotype: male (SBPC). ECUADOR. Esmeraldas Province: Bilsa, 0°20′0′′S [sic], 79°43′0′′W, 5 June – 7 July 1996, P Hibbs, ECU 1H96014, ex FIT, SM0091868, KUNMH-ENT. Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female, 10 May – 5 June (SEMC); 1 male with same data but 7–19 July (SBPC).

Etymology The name esmeraldas is used as a noun in apposition and refers to the geographic distribution of this species in the northwestern Ecuadorian province of Esmeraldas.

Diagnostic description Total length 4.5–4.8 (4.6) mm; greatest width 2.4–2.6 (2.5) mm. Vertex densely, coarsely punctate; front with scattered fine punctures. Clypeus dark, heavily sclerotized, narrowly emarginate. Right mandible with single large tooth anterior to row of small teeth, weakly serrate in apical half; two large teeth on left mandible anterior to row of small teeth (Fig. 27). Antennal club entirely densely and finely setose; antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 about twice as wide as long, segment 11 about as wide as long. Eyes large, strongly protruding laterally. Post-ocular tempora absent. Pronotum about as long as wide, length to width ratio averages 1:1; slightly narrowed toward base, sides rounded. Pronotum with a few scattered punctures in posterior half, row of setose punctures along lateral margins. Elytra about as long as wide, length to width ratio averages 1.01:1; intervals 5 and 7 with punctures anteriorly, all intervals with setose punctures apically. Procoxal cavities closed. Metasternum with median longitudinal punctate area. Metatrochanter (Fig. 28) with apical tooth. Metafemur not dentate. Metatibia straight, not strongly expanded apically. Aedeagus (Fig. 29) with bifurcated median lobe, parameres curving inward at apices. Armature of internal sac composed of setae.

Variation None noted. Males lack distinctive tufts of setae on protarsi.

Bionomics and geographic distribution The species is known only from specimens collected in May–July, in rainforest in southeastern Esmeraldas Province, northwestern Ecuador (Fig. 52). The only locality we have found with the locality name “Bilsa” in a gazetteer is Rio Bilsa (0°36′N, 80°00′W).

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FIGURES 27–29. Dietta (Mesodietta) esmeraldas: 27, mandibles, dorsal; 28, metathoracic leg, ventral; 29, aedeagus, dorsal. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 27), 0.5 mm (Fig. 28), and 0.1 mm (Fig. 29).

Dietta (Mesodietta) latidens Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 30–32, 53)

Type material Holotype: male (CMNC). GUATEMALA. Zacapa Department: 2 km N Santa Cruz, Nov. 1986, M Sharkey. Paratype: male with same data, 300 m, banks Rio Pasabien, (SBPC).

Etymology The name is formed from the Latin words lati (side) and dens (tooth), and refers to the laterally directed tooth on the metatrochanter of this species.

Diagnostic description Total length 4.8 mm; greatest width 2.6 mm. Vertex with a narrow band of dense punctures; irregularly scattered large punctures elsewhere on head. Clypeus heavily sclerotized, shallowly emarginate apically. Mandibles (Fig. 30) worn; right mandible with two teeth anterior to row of small teeth; left mandible with one tooth (too worn to determine if row of small teeth or serrations present). Antennal club densely and finely setose; antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 asymmetrical, more than twice as wide as long, segment 11 as wide as long, rounded apically. Eyes moderately large, protruding laterally. Post-ocular tempora not well developed. Pronotum about as wide as long, length to width ratio equals 1.01:1; sides arcuate, sinuate before base; widest in anterior half. Pronotum with a few punctures in basal half; row of punctures along margins of sides and lateral thirds of apical margin bearing inconspicuous setae. Elytra about as wide as long, length to width ratio equals 1:1. Odd-numbered elytral intervals with a few punctures, some setose at apex. Procoxal cavities closed. Metasternum with median punctate area. Metatrochanter (Fig. 31) with a broad, short tooth at apex, projecting laterally; a small secondary tooth on outer face. Metafemur not dentate. Metatibia slightly sinuate, apex moderately expanded. Aedeagus (Fig. 32) with median lobe bifurcated, apically narrowed; parameres elongate, slightly lobed apically. Armature of internal sac composed of setae.

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FIGURES 30–32. Dietta (Mesodietta) latidens: 30, mandibles, dorsal; 31, metathoracic leg, ventral; 32, aedeagus, dorsal. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 30), 0.5 mm (Fig. 31), and 0.1 mm (Fig. 32).

Variation Males have tufts of setae on protarsal segments 1–3. Females unknown.

Bionomics and geographic distribution The species is known only from forest at 300 m, in November, in Zacapa Depart- ment, eastern Guatemala (Fig. 53).

Dietta (Mesodietta) lobidens Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 33, 34, 53)

Type material Holotype: female (USNM). EL SALVADOR. San Salvador: VI.7.54, OL Cart- wright.

Etymology The name is formed from the Latin words lobi (lobe) and dens (tooth), and refers to the prominent lobe-shaped tooth on the metatrochanter of this species.

Diagnostic description Total length 5.7 mm; greatest width 3.0 mm. Vertex with a band of dense punctures; rest of head with irregularly spaced deep punctures. Clypeus heavily sclerotized, dark, weakly emarginate, with a narrow pale margin; apex with sharply raised lateral edges. Right mandible with a single large tooth, bidentate at apex, anterior to convex arc of small teeth, apical serrations present; left mandible with single medium-sized tooth anterior to row of small teeth, apical serrations absent, apex thin and blade-like (Fig. 33). Antennal club entirely densely and finely setose; antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 broad, asymmetrical, segment 11 small, tapering to truncate apex. Eyes small, not strongly protruding laterally. Post-ocular tempora not well developed. Pronotum about as long as wide, length to width ratio equals 1.03:1; narrowed apically; sides rounded, sinuate before base. Pronotum with a few scattered punctures in basal half; sides with a row of punctures bearing short, inconspicuous setae. Elytra about as long as wide, length to width ratio equals 1.02:1. Intervals 1, 3, 5, and 7 with scattered punctures, some bearing short, inconspicuous setae. Procoxal cavities closed. Metasternum with median longitudinal row of punctures. Metatrochanter (Fig. 34) with a large apical lobe. Metafemur not dentate. Metatibia straight, evenly widened to apex.

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FIGURES 33 and 34. Dietta (Mesodietta) lobidens: 33, mandibles, dorsal; 34, metathoracic leg, ventral. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 33) and 0.5 mm (Fig. 34).

Variation Male unknown.

Bionomics and geographic distribution The species is known only in June, in or near San Salvador City, El Salvador (Fig. 53).

Dietta (Mesodietta) mesoamericana Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 7, 35–37, 53)

Material examined Two hundred and twelve specimens (67 males, 123 females, 22 unsexed).

Type material Holotype: male (CMNC). COSTA RICA. Puntarenas Province: Rincon de Osa, N8°41.144′, W83°31.117′, 50 m, 22–26.VI.01,S&JPeck 01-13. Paratypes (all in SBPC unless otherwise indicated): same data as holotype, 5 males, 3 females; same data except 40 m, streamside FITs, 01-15, 1 male, 1 female; Puntarenas: Pen. De Osa, Est. Fund. Neotr, Aguas Buenas, 7 km W Rincon de Osa, 21–25.VI.97, 80 m, rainforest FIT,S&JPeck 97-24, 2 females; same data except 50 m, 97-25, 1 female; Guanacaste Province: Santa Rosa Nat. Pk. 5–20.VII.1982, D Thomas, 1 male. HON- DURAS. Olancho Department: 14 km W La Union, PN La Muralla, 1500 m, wet montane for. FIT, 16.VIII.94,S&JPeck, 94-37, 2 males, 3 females; same data but 17.VIII–1.IX.94, 94-38, 1 female. Cortes Department: Lago Yojoa, 650 m, Deer Is- land, trop. evergreen for. FIT, 23–28.VIII.94,S&JPeck 94-57, 1 male, 5 females. Atlantida Department: 15 km W La Ceiba, VI.15–19.1996, Coll. R Lehman, tropical rainforest FIT, 1 male, 1 female. PANAMA. Canal Zone: Gatun Lake, Barro Colorado Island, various dates in May and June, 1981, B Gill, 22 males, 16 females. Panama Prov- ince: Nusagandi, Ina Igar (trail), V.18–21.1993, EG Riley. 1 female (Riley collection, TAMU). Additional specimens are available but not included in the type series. Speci- mens deposited at CMNC, FMNH, INBIO, SBPC, TAMU, and USNM.

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FIGURES 35–37. Dietta (Mesodietta) mesoamericana: 35, mandibles, dorsal; 36, metathoracic leg, ventral; 37, aedeagus, dorsal. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 35), 0.5 mm (Fig. 36), and 0.1 mm (Fig. 37).

Etymology The name mesoamericana is the Latin adjectival form and refers to the widespread distribution of this species in Mexico and Central America.

Diagnostic description Total length 3.9–5.5 (4.7) mm; greatest width 2.1–3.0 (2.6) mm. Vertex with median depression with small, dense punctures; some individuals nearly impunctate. Clypeus emarginate between heavily sclerotized lateral lobes. Right mandible with a single large triangular tooth anterior to row of small teeth, serrate in apical half; left mandible with two teeth anterior to row of small teeth (Fig. 35). Antennal club densely and finely setose; antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 equal in width, about twice as wide as long, segment 11 longer than wide, narrowed toward apex. Eyes large, strongly protruding laterally. Post-ocular tempora not developed. Pronotum about as wide as long, length to width ratio averages 1:1; sides arcuate, widest slightly anterior to middle. Pronotum with a few punctures in basal half; a row of setose punctures along lateral and apical margins; setae fine, inconspicuous. Elytra about as wide as long, length to width ratio averages 0.99:1. Elytral intervals with setose punctures; punctures scattered anteromedially, more dense laterally and apically. Procoxal cavities closed. Metasternum with a median posterior triangular area of dense punctation. Meta- trochanter (Fig. 36) extended apically as an elongate, curved tooth; a small secondary lobe or tooth on outer face of metatrochanter. Metafemur not dentate. Metatibia straight to slightly sinuate, apex moderately expanded. Aedeagus (Fig. 37) with median lobe deeply bifurcated, each side narrowing to apex. Parameres narrow, nearly straight. Ar- mature of internal sac composed of setae.

Variation This is a sexually dimorphic species. Male protarsal segments 1–3 bear tufts of whitish setae ventrally.

Bionomics As summarized from all available label data, M. mesoamericana has been collected in lowland and lower montane rainforests at elevations between 0 and 1500 m in January (9 specimens), May (6), June (67), July (11), August (22), September (16), Oc- tober (20), November (31), and December (23).

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Geographic distribution As summarized from all available label data, M. mesoamericana has been collected at the following localities (Fig. 53). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: RNVS Cano Ne- gro, Cano Negro. Guanacaste: lado oeste Volcán Orosi, Est. Maritza; PN Guanacaste, AC Guanacaste, Los Almendros; PN Santa Rosa. Heredia: PN Braulio Carrillo, Est. Magsasay. Limon: Sector Cerro Cocori, Finca de E. Rojas. Puntarenas: Peninsula de Osa, Rancho Quemado; RB Carara, Est. Quebrada Bonita; Sendero Zamia, Rio Agujas, Est. Agujas; PN Corcovada, Est. Sirena; Rincon de Osa; 7 km W Rincon de Osa, Est. Fund. Neot. Aguas Buenas. San Jose: 800 m al N de Bajo LaPalma. HONDURAS. Atlantida: Tela, Lancetilla Botanical Garden; 15 km W LaCeiba. Cortez: Yojoa Lake, Deer Island. Olancho: PN LaMuralla, 14 km N LaUnion. NICARAGUA. Granada: Volcan Mombacho. PANAMA. Coclé: 7.2 km NE El Copé. Colon: 14 km N Jct. Escobal and Piña roads. Panamá: Gamboa, Old Gamboa Road; 6.9 km S Gamboa, Old Plantation Road; Barro Colorado Island; El Llano-Carti Road; Nusagandi, Ina Igar (trail). Specimens deposited at CMNC, INBIO, SBPC, SEMC, and TAMU.

Dietta (Mesodietta) mexicana Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 38–40, 53)

Type material Holotype: male (CMNC). MEXICO. Veracruz State: 7 km E Huatusco, 22.VI– 2.VIII.1983, S & J Peck, 1250 m, cloud forest FIT. Paratypes: same data as holotype, 1 male, 8 females (SBPC). MEXICO. Veracruz State: 2.5 km S Jalapa, 30 May 1991, 1350 m, J Ashe #35, flight-intercept trap, 1 female (SEMC). Chiapas State: Pq. Nac. Sumidero, Coyota Mirador, 1700 m, 25.VI.1989, H Howden, 2 females (SBPC); Laguna Belgica, 16 km W Ocozocoautla, 970 m, 13.VI.1990,H&AHowden, FIT, 2 females (SBPC).

Etymology The name mexicana is the Latin adjectival form and refers to the geographic distribution of this species in Mexico.

Diagnostic description Total length 4.2–5.5 (5.0) mm; greatest width 2.4–3.1 (2.8) mm. Vertex with a band of coarse, dense punctures; rest of head with a few irregularly scattered punctures. Clypeus heavily sclerotized, apex emarginate between lateral lobes. Right mandible with large bidentate tooth anterior to row of small teeth, serrate in apical half; left mandible with single tooth anterior to row of small teeth (Fig. 38). Antennal club densely and finely setose; antennal segment 7 narrower than segment 9, segment 9 slightly wider than segment 10, segment 11 narrower than segment 10, about as long as wide, apex rounded. Eyes large, strongly protruding laterally. Post-ocular tempora absent. Pronotum about as wide as long, length to width ratio averages 0.99:1; sides rounded. Pronotum with a few scattered punctures near base, otherwise impunctate except for setose marginal punctures on sides and lateral thirds of apical margin. Elytra about as wide as long, length to width ratio averages 1:1. Elytral intervals nearly impunctate; a few setose punctures apically and laterally. Procoxal cavities closed. Metasternum with a median longitudinal row of punctures. Metatrochanter tridentate (Fig. 39). Metafemur not dentate. Metatibia elongate, slightly sinuate, moderately expanded apically. Aedeagus

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FIGURES 38–40. Dietta (Mesodietta) mexicana: 38, mandibles, dorsal; 39, metathoracic leg, ventral; 40, aedeagus, dorsal. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 38), 0.5 mm (Fig. 39), and 0.1 mm (Fig. 40).

(Fig. 40) with median lobe bifurcated, apices narrowly lobed; parameres elongate, slender, nearly straight. Armature of internal sac composed of setae.

Variation This is a sexually dimorphic species. Males have tufts of whitish setae on protarsal segments 1–3.

Bionomics and geographic distribution The species is known from May to early August, from 970 to 1350 m, in lower montane rainforest, in the Mexican states of Veracruz and Chiapas (Fig. 53).

Dietta (Mesodietta) puntarenas Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 41, 42, 53)

Type material Holotype: female (INBIO). COSTA RICA. Puntarenas Province: Est. Biol., Las Alturas, 1500 m, Coto Brus, 3–4 Sept. 1992, E Sanchez L-S 322500,591300. Paratypes: two females with same data except Nov. 1991, M Ramirez (SBPC); Ago. 1992, M Ramirez y, E Sanchez (INBIO, missing head).

Etymology The name puntarenas is used as a noun in apposition and refers to the geographic distribution of this species in the southeastern part of the Costa Rican province of Puntarenas.

Diagnostic description Total length 5.0–5.2 (5.1) mm; greatest width 2.4–2.5 mm. Vertex with a few large punctures; front with a median depression and scattered, minute punctures. Clypeus heavily sclerotized, with a median longitudinal depression; apex shallowly emarginate, with a raised margin. Right mandible bidentate anterior to row of irregular smaller teeth, weakly serrate in apical half; left mandible with two large teeth anterior to row of small teeth (Fig. 41). Antennal club densely and finely setose; antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 equal in width, about twice as wide as long, segment 11 longer than

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FIGURES 41 and 42. Dietta (Mesodietta) puntarenas: 41, mandibles, dorsal; 42, metathoracic leg, ventral. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 41) and 0.5 mm (Fig. 42).

wide, narrowed at apex. Eyes large, strongly protruding laterally. Post-ocular tempora not developed. Pronotum elongate, length to width ratio averages 1.08:1; sides arcuate, widest near middle. Pronotum with scattered punctures in basal half; lateral margins with a row of irregularly spaced punctures bearing inconspicuous setae. Elytra elongate, length to width ratio averages 1.23:1. Odd-numbered elytral intervals with a few punctures; elytra setose laterally and at apex. Procoxal cavities closed. Metasternum with a median longitudinal punctate area. Metatrochanter (Fig. 42) with a short, curved tooth at apex and a distinct broad tooth on outer face of apical half. Metafemur not dentate. Metatibia elongate, weakly sinuate, moderately expanded apically.

Variation Male unknown.

Bionomics and geographic distribution The species is known only from 1500 m, in montane forest, in August, Septem- ber, and November, in southeastern Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica (Fig. 53).

Dietta (Mesodietta) rectispina Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 43–45, 54)

Material examined One hundred and forty-five specimens (31 males, 114 females).

Type material Holotype: male (CMNC). COSTA RICA. Puntarenas Province: Monteverde Biology Station, N10°19.672′, W84°42.141′, 10–17.VI.01, 1515 m, cloud forest FIT, S & J Peck 01-10. Paratypes: all in SBPC unless otherwise noted. Same data as holotype, 2 males, 2 females; same data except 1540 m,S&JPeck 01-09, 11 females. COSTA RICA. Puntarenas: Monteverde Biol. Lab, 1–2.VI.1993, FIT, Michelaski, 3 males, 5 females. Monteverde, 24.VI.87, FIT,H&AHowden, 1 male, 5 females; Monteverde, 1520 m, 11.VI–13.VII.83, FIT, D Lindeman, 1 male, 11 females. Alajuela Province: Reserva San Ramon, 38 km NW San Ramon, 850 m, 14–15.VI.97, premontane forest, FIT,S&JPeck 97-22, 2 females. Guanacaste Province: 6kmNE Sta. Elena, 1640 m, Santa Elena Forest Reserve, FIT, 11–17.VI.01,S&JPeck, 2 females. Heredia Province: 16 km SSE La Virgen, 1050–1150 m, 10°16′N, 84°05′W, 9– 14.III.2001, EG Riley, primary forest, FIT, 1 female (TAMU). PANAMA. Chiriqui Province: La Fortuna Dam, 15–21.VI.1982, 1200 m, B Gill, 1 male, 1 female.

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FIGURES 43–45. Dietta (Mesodietta) rectispina: 43, mandibles, dorsal; 44, metathoracic leg, ventral; 45, aedeagus, dorsal. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 43), 0.5 mm (Fig. 44), and 0.1 mm (Fig. 45).

Etymology The name is from the Latin words recti (straight) and spina (spine), and refers to the straight tooth on the metatrochanter of this species.

Diagnostic description Total length 4.1–5.2 (4.6) mm; greatest width 2.3–2.7 (2.5) mm. Vertex with a band of irregularly spaced deep punctures; rest of head with scattered, obscure, minute punctures. Clypeus heavily sclerotized, emarginate between lateral lobes. Right mandible with single large lobe-like tooth anterior to row of small teeth, weakly serrate in apical half; left mandible with two poorly formed larger teeth anterior to row of small teeth (Fig. 43). Antennal club densely and finely setose; antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 equal in width, nearly twice as wide as long, segment 11 longer than wide, narrowed before slightly rounded apex. Eyes large, strongly protruding laterally. Post-ocular tempora not developed. Pronotum slightly longer than wide, length to width ratio averages 1.03:1; sides arcuate, widest anterior to middle. Pronotum with a few punctures in basal half; with scattered, inconspicuously setose punctures along lateral and apical margins. Elytra slightly longer than wide, length to width ratio averages 1.05:1. Elytral intervals with a few scattered punctures, setose laterally and apically. Procoxal cavities closed. Metasternum with a median longitudinal punctate area. Metatrochanter (Fig. 44) with apical tooth projecting at a near 90° angle with posterior margin. Metafemur not dentate. Metatibia nearly straight, slightly expanded apically. Aedeagus (Fig. 45) with median lobe moderately bifurcated, apices broad. Parameres narrow, nearly straight. Ar- mature of internal sac composed of setae.

Variation This is a sexually dimorphic species. Male protarsal segments 1–3 and mesotarsal segments 2–3 bear tufts of whitish setae ventrally.

Bionomics As summarized from all available label data, D. rectispina has been collected in lower montane rainforests at elevations between 790 and 1650 m in January (1 specimen), February (2), March (1), May (10), June (69), July (35), August (13), September (4), October (3), and December (1).

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Geographic distribution As summarized from all available label data, D. rectispina has been collected at the following localities (Fig. 54). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: Reserva San Ramon, 38 km NW San Ramon; RB San Ramon, EB San Ramon, 27 km N and 8 km W San Ramon. Cartago: PN Tapantí, Quebrada Segunda; R. Grande de Orosi, desde Administración hasta Sendero La Pava. Guanacaste: Tierras Morenas, Rio San Lorenzo. Heredia: 16 km SSE La Virgen. Puntarenas: Monteverde Biological Station; RB Monteverde, San Luis; RB Monteverde, Est. La Casona. San Jose: 14 km NE San Juan, Finca Zurqui; Las Nubes, Santa Elena, Viejo, Est. Santa Elena. PANAMA. Chiriqui: La Fortuna Dam; La Fortuna, Hydro Trail; La Fortuna, Cont. Div. Trail; 20 km N Gualaca, Finca La Suiza; 6.0 km NE Boquete. Darien: Serrania de Pirre, Cana Biological Station. Panamá: Cerro Campana (Capira). Specimens deposited at CMNC, INBIO, SEMC, and SBPC.

Dietta (Mesodietta) sharpi Matthews (Figs. 46–48, 55) Dietta sharpi Matthews, 1887: 89; Hatch 1929: 12; Blackwelder 1944: 84; Hlisnikovsky 1968: 170

Material examined One hundred and thirty-eight specimens (43 males, 95 females).

Type material Holotype: female (BMNH). Examined. Bearing labels: red rim around round white label “type”; white label “sp. figured” “V. de Chiriqui / 2-3000 ft. / Champion”; pink paper “Dietta sharpi” “B.C.A., Col. II, I.”; white label “Dietta & / sharpi Matthews / det. Hlisnikowiski [sic] 1970”.

Diagnostic description Total length 3.6–4.5 (4.0) mm; greatest width 2.0–2.4 (2.2) mm. Vertex with a few median punctures, rest of head with scattered small punctures. Clypeus slightly emarginate apically between heavily sclerotized lateral lobes. Right mandible with a single large triangular tooth anterior to row of small teeth, serrate in apical half; left mandible with two large triangular teeth anterior to row of small teeth (Fig. 46). Antennal club densely and finely setose; antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 of equal width, about twice as wide as long, segment 11 longer than wide, rounded at apex. Eyes large, strongly protruding laterally. Post-ocular tempora not developed. Pronotum slightly longer than wide, length to width ratio averages 1.03:1; sides arcuate, widest slightly anterior to middle. Pronotum with a few punctures in basal half; a row of setose punctures along lateral margins and lateral thirds of apical margin; setae short, inconspicuous. Elytra about as long as wide, length to width ratio averages 1:1. Elytral intervals with a few scattered punctures, setose laterally and apically. Procoxal cavities closed. Metasternum with a small posteromedian cluster of punctures. Metatrochanter (Fig. 47) with a short apical tooth that is angled obtusely with posterior margin of metatrochanter. Metafemur not dentate. Metatibia nearly straight, slightly expanded apically. Aedeagus (Fig. 48) with median lobe deeply bifurcated, apices elongate, narrow. Parameres narrow, nearly straight. Armature of internal sac composed of setae.

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FIGURES 46–48. Dietta (Mesodietta) sharpi: 46, mandibles, dorsal; 47, metathoracic leg, ventral; 48, aedeagus, dorsal. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 46), 0.5 mm (Fig. 47), and 0.1 mm (Fig. 48).

FIGURES 49–51. Dietta (Mesodietta) uncinata: 49, mandibles, dorsal; 50, metathoracic leg, ventral; 51, aedeagus, dorsal. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 49), 0.5 mm (Fig. 50), and 0.1 mm (Fig. 51).

Variation This is a sexually dimorphic species. Male protarsal segments 1–3 bear tufts of whitish setae ventrally.

Bionomics As summarized from all available label data, D. sharpi has been collected in lowland and lower montane rainforests at elevations between 10 and 1500 m in January (3 specimens), February (34), March (19), April (4), May (22), June (6), July (17), August (8), September (2), and October (5).

Geographic distribution As summarized from all label data, D. sharpi has been collected in the following localities (Fig. 55). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: San Cristobal; Peñas Blancas. Guanacaste: Sector Las Pailas, PN Rincón de la Vieja; Est. Cacao, 2 km SW del Cerro Cacao; Est. Pitilla, 9 km S de Santa Cecilia. Heredia: La Selva, 3.2 km SE Puerto Viejo; 10 km W Puerto Viejo. Limon: RNFS Barra del Colorado, Rio Sardinas; Sector Cerro Cocori, Finca de E. Rojas; Sector Cedrales de la Rita, 3 km N del Puente Rio Suerte, Ruta Puerto Lindo; Amubri. Puntarenas: San Vito de CB, Las Cruces; Las

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Volume 135 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 805 ) D. ( D. , pauloensis ) D. ( D. , huanuco ) D. ( D. , guiana ) D. ( D. , geraisensis ) D. ( D. , atlantica ) D. ( D. , argentinensis ) . Dietta ( Dietta esmeraldas ) Mesodietta ( Dietta , and 52. Geographic distribution of IGURE sucumbios F

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FIGURE 54. Geographic distribution of Dietta (Mesodietta) rectispina and D. (M.) uncinata.

Cruces Biological Station, Wilson Botanical Garden. San Jose: Escazu. NICARA- GUA. Matagalpa Dept.: 6 km N Matagalpa, Selva Negra. Rio San Juan Dept.: 6km SE El Castillo, Refugio Bartolo. PANAMA. Chiriqui: Cerro Pelota, 4 km N Sta. Clara; Hornito, Finca La Suiza; V. de Chiriqui. Specimens deposited at BMNH, CMNC, INBIO, SEMC, SBPC, and USNM.

Dietta (Mesodietta) uncinata Peck and Cook, sp. nov. (Figs. 49–51, 54)

Material examined Sixty-seven specimens (15 males, 52 females).

Type material Holotype: male (CMNC). PANAMA. Chiriqui Province: Cerro Pelota, 4km N Sta. Clara, 5–15.VII.1982, 1500 m, B Gill. Paratypes: all in SBPC unless otherwise indicated. Same data as holotype, 5 males, 20 females. PANAMA. Chiriqui Province: Cerro Pelota, 1–14.VII.82, 1500 m, B Gill, 3 males, 16 females; 4km N Sta. Clara, Hartman’s Finca, 27.VI–3.VII.1981, 500 m, B Gill, 1 male, 2 females; Cerro Pando, 1860 m, 8°54′42′′N, 82°43′1′′W, J Ashe, R Brooks PAN1A886 194A, ex FIT, 1 male, 4 females (SEMC); 27.7km W Volcan, Hartmann’s Finca, 8°46′N, 82°48′W, J Ashe, R Brooks #231, ex FIT, 1 male (SEMC); Hartmann’s Finca, 8°51′48′′N, 82°44′3′′W, J

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FIGURE 55. Geographic distribution of Dietta (Mesodietta) sharpi.

Ashe, R Brooks, PAN1AB896 190A, ex FIT, 2 males, 7 females (SEMC). COSTA RICA. Puntarenas Province: Las Alturas (Stanford Biological Station); ca. 29km NE San Vito, 1500 m, 27 May 1983, JS & AK Ashe 3063, ex FIT, 2 females (SEMC); Las Tablas, Finca Miguel Sandi, 1920 m, 1–4May 1995, M Segura, L_S 322500_601500 #7670, female (INBIO).

Etymology The name is formed from the word uncus (Latin for hook) and refers to the hooked paramere apices of this species.

Diagnostic description Total length 4.7–5.6 (5.0) mm; greatest width 2.3–2.8 (2.5) mm. Vertex with large, deep punctures; front with small punctures. Clypeus heavily sclerotized, emarginate apically between lateral lobes. Right mandible bidentate anterior to row of small teeth, serrate in apical half; left mandible with a single tooth anterior to row of small teeth (Fig. 49). Antennal club densely and finely setose; antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 equal in width, about twice as wide as long, segment 11 longer than wide, rounded at apex. Eyes large, strongly protruding laterally. Post-ocular tempora not developed. Pronotum elongate, length to width ratio averages 1.1:1; sides arcuate, widest at middle. Pronotum with a few punctures in basal half; lateral and apical margins with irregularly spaced punctures bearing inconspicuous setae. Elytra length greater than width, length to width ratio averages 1.1:1. Odd-numbered elytral intervals with a few

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punctures; elytra setose laterally and at apex. Procoxal cavities closed. Metasternum with a median longitudinal punctate area. Metatrochanter (Fig. 50) with elongate, curved tooth at apex. Metafemur not dentate. Metatibia elongate, sinuate, moderately expanded apically. Aedeagus (Fig. 51) with apically bifurcated median lobe, parameres curving inward at apices. Armature of internal sac composed of setae.

Variation This is a sexually dimorphic species. Male protarsal segments 1–3 bear tufts of whitish setae ventrally.

Bionomics Dietta uncinata has been collected in wet or humid lower montane forests at elevations of 1450–1920 m, in May (3 specimens), June (15), and July (46).

Geographic distribution Dietta uncinata has been collected at the following localities (Fig. 54). COSTA RICA. Puntarenas: Las Alturas, 27 km NE San Vito; Las Tablas, Finca Miguel Sandi. PANAMA. Chiriqui: Cerro Pando; 27.7 km W Volcan, Hartmann’s Finca; Cerro Pe- lota, 4 km N Sta. Clara. Specimens deposited at CMNC, INBIO, SEMC, and SBPC.

Acknowledgements We thank the many curators and collectors who have contributed or made available the material used in this study. The fieldwork of SB Peck was partially supported from research grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The Costa Rica species inventory program of INBIO was the stimulus for this study, and we thank all involved with that program especially A Solis for loan of specimens and A Herrero for Figure 1. We also thank the many authorities in many countries who issued permits for sampling of the insects on the lands under their care and control.

References Blackwelder RE. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. United States National Museum Bulletin 185 Cracraft J. 1974. Continental drift and vertebrate distribution. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5: 215–61 Crowson RA. 1981. The biology of the Coleoptera. London: Academic Press Decelle JE. 1988. Le genre Dietta Sharp, 1876 (Coleoptera : Leiodidae) en Afrique continentale. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 102: 53–9 Donnelly TW. 1992. Geological setting and tectonic history of Mesoamerica. pp 1–13 in D Quintero, A Aiello (Eds), Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica. New York: Oxford University Press Fairmaire L. 1903. Matériaux pour la faune coléoptèrique de la région malgache. 16e Note. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 72: 181–259 Giachino PM, Vailati D, Casale A. 1998. Major questions in the phylogeny and biogeography of Cholevidae (Coleoptera), with emphasis on the subfamily Leptodirinae. pp 179–210 in PM Giachino, SB Peck (Eds), Phylogeny and evolution of subterranean and endogean Cholevidae (=Leiodidae Cholevinae). Proceedings of the XX International Congress of Entomology, Firenze, Italy, 30 August 1996. Torino, Italy: Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Hatch MH. 1928. Silphidae II. pp 63–244 in S Schenkling (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 95. Berlin: W Junk Publishers ——— 1929. Leiodidae, Clambidae. pp 1–100 in S Schenkling (Ed), Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 105. Berlin: W Junk Publishers Hlisnikovsky J. 1968. Die Gattung Dietta Sharp (Col. Liodidae). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey 19: 164–75

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