International competition for Development of the Architectural and Artistic Concept of Moscow Metro Stations
INVITATION TO PARTICIPATE
KEY OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPETITION CONTENT
Сustomer Сompetition Мosinzhproekt 4 стр Executor Agency for strategic development «CENTER» Competition shedule Competition web site www.design-metro.ru 6 стр
Jury 8 стр 2 Organizer 10 стр
Context 12 стр
Concept development principles 36 стр MARAT KHUSNULLIN ABOUT THE COMPETITION
MARAT KHUSNULLIN Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Urban Development and Construction in the Government of Moscow
2 3 «Every metro station should be unique — this is before the opening of the Moscow subway. This our basic point. Thus we’ve decided to construct practice continued until the end of the 50-ies of all the stations on the basis of typical plans that the last century, but in 60-70 years it was com- reduce construction costs, but in terms of their pletely lost, and metro stations after redirecting design — every station image should be person- to the typical design have multiplied as faceless alized. Every station should have its own image, gray «twin brothers». Now, decades later, in 2014, its own point and should be recognizable. This is initiated by the mayor of Moscow city S.S. So- a tribute to the traditions of the Moscow met- byanin, the great tradition of competitions for ro, which was originally designed not only as a the best design project of metro stations has purely utilitarian object of transport infrastruc- revived. The surge of interest in the first of them ture, but also as a unique architectural structure, — regarding the stations «Solntsevo» and «Nov- which reflects the history of the city and the operedelkino» — was so high that we have raised country. Not surprisingly the practice of render- the status of the competition to international ing the high-profile competitions to design the one. The competitions for the first two stations metro stations existed even in Soviet years. At of the Third interchange circuit — «Terehova» and all times leading architects of the country were «Lower Mnevniki» have also had a great success. interested in such competitions and implemented Thus we do have the relevant experience in the projects so called «palaces for people» («Ok- field and it is considered as a successful one. hotny Ryad» and «Dynamo» by Dmitry Chechu- There is no doubt that the forthcoming compe- lina, «Kropotkin» and «Mayakovskaya» by Alexei tition for the best design project of the stations Dushkin, «Komsomolskaya» by Alexei Shchusev, «Sheremetyevo», «Rzhevskaya» and «Strominka» «Chistye Prudy» by Nicholas Colley, «Lubyanka» will attract even more new and interesting ideas by Nicholas Ladovsky and many other stations) in the «underground» design, also only the best, have left as a key marks in golden history of the highest-quality projects will be taken into con- Moscow metro as architectural masterpieces. sideration and further implementation. We have Remarkably enough that the first competition one of the most beautiful metro in the world, and for the best architectural project of the Moscow we simply have no right to lower the bar» Metro station was launched back in 1934 — a year COMPETITION APRIL 04/2017
OBJECT OF THE COMPETITION NOVEMBER 10/2016 COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
Competition for Development of the Architectur- The main objective of this tender is to find an COMPETITION al and Artistic Concept of Moscow Metro Sta- optimum design and architectural-artistic solu- tions: Sheremetyevskaya, Rzhevskaya, Stromynka tion for interiors of passenger areas and entrance SHEDULE halls of Sheremetyevskaya, Rzhevskaya and Stro- The concepts must meet the following criteria: mynka stations. artistic concepts of the Metro stations shall harmoniously match with environment and historic context of the districts; Principal design solution must include a proposal use of state-of-the art technologies, durable on materials, lighting and non-bearing structures 4 and eco-friendly materials; of the stations. 5 safe and comfortable movement for all popula- PARTICIPANTS REQUIREMENTS tion categories and groups; functional utilization of space in view of all technical characteristics of the Metro; Russian and foreign (consortium members) archi- A Russian legal body or a consortium of legal convenient navigation. COMPETITION tectural companies capable of engaging design- bodies can participate in the competition. For- ers, engineers, planners, specialists in the spheres eign partners are allowed to be a part of a con- ORGANIZER of economy and financial modeling. sortium.
Agency for Strategic Development «CENTER»
COMPETITION FINALISTS THE WINNER FORMAT After the first stage 15 finalists (5 per each sta- The winners of the competition will be authors of tion) will be chosen to further develop the con- the the best concepts (one per each station) cho- OPEN First stage — qualifying, where tenderers shall cept. All top-rated finalists will receive 400 000 sen at the final jury session from the 15 finalists. present their applications, portfolios and essays RUB gross as a reward for the preparation of the The contract for further project development will INTERNATIONAL describing the key ideas of their future competi- competition works. be signed with each winner of the competition. tion concepts for each station. TWO-STAGE Second stage — according to essays for each station 15 finalists will develop competition con- cepts. 1 April COMPETITION SHEDULE 04/2017 Jury session, choice of the best competition proposals February 2/2017
Orientation seminar for January the Competition finalists with the participation 24/2017 of the Initiator and the Organizing Committee Jury session Novemver Selection of finalists 15/2016
Competition start Press conference
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November 22/2016 till December Design seminar for participants 15/2016 Call for bids January 25/2017 Presentation of a de- till March tailed technical assign- 13/2017 ment for finalists Competition propos- March als development 13/2017 by the finalists Submission of entries March Consulting support by finalists of the finalists 28/2017 Technical evaluation of entries
1The competition schedule may vary. Please visit the competition website for updates. JURY 2
MARAT KHUSNULLIN Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Urban Development and Construction in the Government of Moscow
8 9
ANDREI BOCHKARYOV YURY AVVAKUMOV OLGA ALEKSAKOVA SERGEY KUZNETSOV MARS GAZIZULLIN EDUARDO GUTIÉRREZ The head of the Moscow Department Architect, artist, curator Founder of buromoscow Chief Architect of Moscow Director General of Mosinzh- Founder of ON-A Arquitectura of Construction Architectural company proekt JSC Studio, architect of Drassanes metro station in Barcelona
ALEXANDER ZMEUL ANNA MERKULOVA DMITRY PEGOV ALEXANDR VIGDOROV Editor in chief archspeech First Deputy General Design Director Head of Moscow Metro Mospromproekt Architekt and archigramma online media, «Mosinzhproekt» Director The Changes Agency
2The list of the competition Jury is subject to change ORGANIZER
Agency for Strategic Development CENTER, a team of professionals in the sphere of compre- hensive development of territories. The mission of the Agency is to shape a new model of territo- rial development in Russia. Its main point is to re- SERGEY GEORGIEVSKIY veal the potential of every place through creating The head of organising committee, coordination and managment new cultural, social, and economic centers there.
One of our team’s key activity areas is to arrange and hold professional competitions focused on looking for the new city planning, architecture and design solutions. The portfolio of our team includes organization of competitions for the development of large urban territories, parks, infrastructural facilities redevelopment, place 10 branding. 11
Tender sites in Moscow: Sokolniki park; Mitino landscape park; Kristall plant; Soviet cinemas «Varshava» and «Voskhod». KETEVAN KHELAYA NATALYA KUZMINA NATHAN CALT in Kazan: The deputy head of orhanising Project leader Analyst committee, government relations a new residential suburban district; embankments and coastal strips of the Kaban lakes; Kazan Expo; Zoo and Botanic Garden.
in the Kaluga Region: Nikola-Lenivets Art Park.
Experts specializing in various areas are engaged as part of the Agency’s team, what makes it possible to implement comprehensive projects. Among them are: Project for the development of Sochi Olympic Embankment, countryside clus- ters, city parks, regeneration of industrial territo- ries and commercial real estate objects, organiza- tion of major expert forums, etc. RADA KONSTANTINOVA YULIA SAMSONOVA VYACHESLAV ZAVGORODNIY Communications manager Graphic designer Legal support CONTEXT
12 13 VISION
Moscow Metro is the mainstay of the Russian capital’s transport network and the most popular kind of public transport in Moscow. More than 2.5 Global historical Local historical billion trips are made in the Moscow Metro annu- and cultural and cultural context context ally, the Metro is one of the most intensely used undergrounds in the world.
Шереметьево SVO Челобитьево Дмитровское шоссе 10 9 Алтуфьево 6 In order to meet the Moscow’s growing need for
Канал имени Москвы Улица 800-летия Москвы Медведково Бибирево public transport, to reduce passenger load, as Селигерская Бабушкинская well as to ensure connectivity of Moscow remote Ботанический Свиблово Верхние Лихоборы Окружная Отрадное Облик 2 Ховрино сад Ростокино Владыкино areas, the Moscow Metro network develops at Окружная Ботанический станции Беломорская Владыкино сад Лихоборы Петровско-Разумовская река БелокаменнаяЯуза an unprecedented rate over the last years. It is 2 Речной вокзал МЦК Фонвизинская Планерная 7 Водный M1 M1 planned to open 55 new station from 2016 till 3 Пятницкое шоссе стадион Тимирязевская Бульвар Рокоссовского Коптево Бутырская ВДНХ Бульвар 1 Сходненская 2020, the length of the Metro lines will increase Балтийская Дмитровская Рокоссовского Митино Марьина Роща Войковская Нижняя Алексеевская Локомотив Тушинская Масловка 10 Sheremetyevskaya by 162 kilometers and 9 out of every 10 Musco- Волоколамская Сокол Савёловский Rzhevskaya Черкизовская Москва 3 Спартак Аэропорт Савёловская Рижский Рижская vites will live within walking distance from Metro Мякинино Менделеевская Достоевская Стрешнево Петровский Преображенская Суворовская Stromynka Панфиловская парк площадь 3 stations. Строгино Щукинская Зорге Динамо Новослободская 5 Проспект Сокольники Щёлковская Крылатское ЦСКА Мира Октябрьское поле Белорусская Проспект Мира Первомайская Полежаевская Ярославский Молодёжная Белорусский Белорусская Ленинградский In September 2016, the Moscow Ring Railway Хорошёво Сухаревская Красносельская Беговая Цветной Измайлово Измайловская Кунцевская Мневники Хорошёвская бульвар Трубная Комсомольская Urban context (Moscow Central Circle) was opened for passen- 4 Маяковская Комсомольская Казанский Партизанская Орехово Улица Народного Улица ополчения 1905 года Баррикадная Пушкинская gers. This joint project of the Russian Railways Можайская Москва река Семёновская Пресня Тургеневская Красные ворота Пионерская Шелепиха Шелепиха Тверская Чеховская Электрозаводская and Moscow Metro is an intracity commuter train Деловой Кузнецкий Филёвский парк Международная Краснопресненская Чистые пруды Центр мост Рубцовская line partially integrated with the Moscow Metro Багратионовская 4 Выставочная Лубянка Сретенский Российская бульвар Соколиная гора Деловой центр Фили 8 (there is an integrated fare system and Moscow 8 Дорогомиловская МЦК Охотный ряд Новокосино КОМ Смоленская 2 Арбатская 2 Бауманская Курская Ring Railway stations are connected to the Metro Деловой центр Театральная Лефортово Славянский Кутузовская Александровский сад 4 Курская Новогиреево бульвар Киевская Киевская Площадь Революции Кутузовская Арбатская Курский ones). As of the end of the first month of the 8 Смоленская Перово ТПК Библиотека ТПК 14 Китай-город Шоссе Энтузиастов THE ESTABLISHED 15 Парк Победы Киевская им. Ленина Чкаловская Moscow Central Circle operation, it was used by Студенческая Боровицкая Шоссе Энтузиастов Киевский Кропоткинская Авиамоторная Андроновка 6 million passengers. It is planned to increase the Давыдково Минская Плющиха PRINCIPLES OF MOSCOW Новокузнецкая Таганская Авиамоторная Волхонка КОЖ Ломоносовский 8 Марксистская Moscow Central Circle passenger throughput up Аминьевское шоссе проспект Площадь Нижнегородская Парк Культуры Ильича Нижнегородская улица METRO STATIONS Раменки Третьяковская Таганская to 300 million passengers annually by 2025. Римская Парк Культуры Полянка 5 Павелецкая Павелецкая Стахановская улица Мичуринский Крестьянская CONCEPTUAL DESIGN Павелецкий проспект Спортивная застава Фрунзенская Октябрьская Новохохловская It is planned to complete the construction of the Угрешская Спортивная Добрынинская Пролетарская Окская улица Спортивная Октябрьская Волгоградский Очаково МЦК Серпуховская Дубовка проспект Текстильщики second ring line of the Moscow Metro, the Third Воробьёвы горы Шаболовская Говорово Кузьминки Рязанский проспект Площадь Гагарина Автозаводская Дубровка Проспект Metro is traditionally viewed as a projection of Interchange Circuit, by 2020. 28 stations will be Ленинский проспект Тульская ЗИЛ Автозаводская Солнцево Вернадского Университет Академическая Верхние Котлы Текстильщики Кожуховская Проспект Технопарк above-ground urban environment; together they built within the framework of the project and the Крымская Нагатинская Москва река Печатники Выхино Боровское шоссе Вернадского Коломенская Южнопортовая Новопеределкино/ Улица Новаторов Профсоюзная form an integrated image of the city. Interiors of new Metro line will be more than 60 km long. It is Юго-Западная Нагорная Юго-Восточная 8 Шолоховская Кленовый Новые Черёмушки бульвар Лермонтовский Нахимовский проспект Волжская Косино the Moscow Metro stations bear the impress of presumed that after completion of its construc- Рассказовка Тропарёво проспект Улица Новаторов Калужская Севастопольская 11 Варшавская 11 Жулебино Румянцево Люблино common historical and cultural aspects of Rus- tion, the second ring line will unload the Metro 1 Воронцовская Каширская Зюзино/ Каховская Котельники Саларьево Улица Беляево Севастопольский sian capital’s development in different periods. system by 25% and reduce the duration of Metro Внуково академика Опарина проспект Кантемировская 7 Улица VKO Коньково Чертановская Братиславская Дмитриевского Улица Царицыно trips by half. генерала Тюленева Тёплый Стан Марьино Лухмановская Славянский мир Южная Орехово Several factors traditionally influence the archi- Борисово Некрасовка Ясенево КОЖ Мамыри Пражская tectural look of the Moscow Metro stations: Домодедовская Шипиловская Новоясеневская Битцевсеий парк Коммунарка Улица академика 2 6 12 Янгеля Красногвардейская Global historical and cultural context tradition- Столбово Аннино Зябликово 10 Лесопарковая 9 Алма-Атинская ally bears the principal ideology of the epoch Сосенки Бульвар Дмитрия Донского КОМ 12 Улица Горчакова and comprises historical, cultural, economical Улица Старокачаловская Домодедово Десна DME Бунинская аллея Бульвар адмирала Улица Скобелевская and political aspects on a countrywide scale. Ушакова Local historical and cultural context shapes a station identity to its location and includes his- MOSCOW METRO 2020 PROSPECTIVE PLAN torical and socio-cultural aspects on a regional level. Urban context includes specifics of city dis- trict type, city and district development plans, urban environment parameters, established onsite restrictions, demographic situation, traf- fic conditions and so on. CONSTRUCTION PERIODS OF MOSCOW METRO Elimination of archi- tectural extravagances, simplification of de- signs of the VDNKh, shallow column three-span Sportivnaya and other station, which tunnel walls stations which were are faced with ceramic WWII period already under construc- tiles, columns are faced Post-Soviet period The ideology of a Stations as Post-WWII period tion. In 1961 the first with marble, the ceiling characterized by a comfortable city Pre-WWII period monuments Maximum solemnity and decora- generic design stations remains ribbed because of great architectural Search for new forms of station design, with well-developed Metro as a the temple to approach- tiveness. The main theme: victory in appear, so called «Cen- structural units configura- «The third way» is declared, combining the expressiveness of Stalin-era Metro freedom and limited experiments with materials and public spaces is be-
IDEOLOGY of Communism. ing victory. the Great Patriotic War. tipede like station» — tion. and standardized solutions of the Khrushchev period. financing. typology. ing developed.
16 9 16 17 16 18 12 23
11 48
29 GDP per capita
population of Moscow population 10 7 amount of stations built amount of stations
22 29 39 68 116 127 150 162 178 187 203 264
ВОВ 1935 1950 1960 1970 1990 2010 2016 2020 1940 1980 2000
Yu . Andropov I. Stalin N. Khrushchev L . Brezhnev K . Chernenko M. Gorbachev B. Yeltsin V. Putin D. Medvedev V. Putin
А. Efremov V. Pronin G. Popov M. Yasnov N. Bobrovnikov N. Dygai V. Promyslov V. Saykin G. Popov Y. Luzhkov S. Sobyanin GLOBAL HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT MOSCOW AND AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE APPEARANCE OF MOSCOW INTERNATIONAL METRO STATIONS PRACTICES OF METRO Overloaded, deteriorated and failed into disrepair post-revolutionary Moscow public transporta- tion system became a historical prerequisite for STATION INTERIOR the start of the Moscow Metro construction. At that time trams, the main type of Moscow public transport, were constantly overcrowded, rapidly DESIGN got broken, which led the city to frequent traffic Moscow expirience Sretensky Boulevard Station Bitsa Park Station standstills. Architects/ N. Shumakov, G Mun, N. Shurygina Architects/ N. Shumakov, A. Nekrasov, G. Mun That is how satirical writers I. Ilf and E. Petrov Zhulebino Metro Station Opened/ December 29, 2007 Opened/ December 8, 2014 depicted that situation: «Tram cars are targets of Type/ a deep pylon triple-vault station Type/ single-vault, shallow frantic attacks. A warlike mood overcomes the Architects/ L. Borzenkov, T. Nagieva, Depth/ 60 m Depth/ 12 m people queuing for a tram. It is well-nigh a mira- S. Kostikov, N. Soldatova Platform type/ middle Platform type/ middle cle that tram cars are not staved to splinters. The Opened/ November 9, 2013 Platform length/ 162 m Platform length/ 162 m Moscow tram network cannot satisfy everybody Type/ shallow, column, triple-nave Platform width/ 19.1 m Platform width/ 12 m who wishes to use it, but nevertheless it carries Depth/ 10 m them. So overloaded that their windows burst, Platform type/ middle In spite of its seemingly uncharismatic platform The decorations of the station are dedicated to heavily roaring tram cars drop office workers Platform length/ 163 m area look, this is one of the most misappreciated the park bearing the same name. The station has near the huge buildings... of the institutions that Platform width/ 12 m stations of the Moscow Metro. The station middle been designed in the modern architectural style. govern the country’s life.» and side halls are divided by pylons with nich- 19 The interiors are decorated with metal panels es throughout their length; 24 appliques works The concourse walls of the station are faced 21 In 1931, it became clear that neither tram nor bus having different patterns; some of them are by artist Ivan Lubennikov fastened on marble with relief ceramic tiles; whereupon the entrance can solve the problem of the Moscow transport painted in bright colors. Mirror insets in columns slabs are installed in those niches. These are area is accented by planar glazing stained win- service. The June Plenum of the Central Commit- expand the station space visually and make it steel silhouette elements with etched images of dows. The concourse interior columns are faced tee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolshe- more interesting. The color scheme is based on city-dwellers, trees and cityscapes of the Boule- with polished Indian marble slabs which color is viks) adopted a final decision to build a metro in the part of the spectrum that is mentioned in the vard Ring, as well as its attributes: flower vases, intended to remind of golden leaves in the forest order to correct the situation. local flora, from green to red. The spectrum is Pushkin, Gogol monuments, etc. Thanks to spe- surrounding the station. Decorative sculptural stretched between the station’s two concourses, cial technique of manufacture, they are colored in composition “Noah’s Ark” authored by Leonid As it follows from the history of the Metro con- creating an easily understandable visual navi- reserved ocher-and-earthy shades. Each picture Berlin, a Moscow sculptor, is installed before the struction, in most cases, the global context gation system for passengers because there are is an independent work carrying certain informa- concourse entrance; earlier it was located above suppresses the local one — it is clearly visible in exits “to the red side” and “to the green side”. At tion. the ventilation kiosk of the closed concourse of the look of the stations built from 1955 to 1970 the same time, the orange-red side of the station Novoyasenevskaya station that was demolished during the so-called counter architectural extrav- is directed towards the Moscow center, while the In May 2011, the station acquired its own con- in 2012. agance program. Standardized Moscow Metro green one overlooks the Moscow Region. Thus, course; before that, passengers came out of it stations built during that period had lost all of active red and orange colors denote the agitated via the adjacent stations. As compared to the An artistic mosaic by artist V . Bubnov consisting its decor and site specificity; they looked as like city and calm green colors denote country and platform area, the station concourse has a bright of 359 pieces of tempered glass is located on as two peas. At present, the problem of stations nature. This also creates a possibility of naviga- color layout because of its brightly colored ceil- the tunnel wall of the platform hall. The mosaic uniformity and their visual identity to their con- tion by association. The station is equipped with ing. A feeling of boulevard continuing to stretch depicts walking people, horse riders and dogs as struction site is still relevant both in Moscow elevators for reduced mobility people access. towards underground is created by an abstract a link to the Bitsa Park and the Bitsa equestrian and around the world. Nevertheless, it is being suspended structure resembling tree crowns; it center located nearby. addressed both in Russia and abroad: there are consists of a dense luminescent net filled with examples of successful transformation of purely colored metal elements interspersed with lumi- The station is equipped with elevators for re- function-bearing underground spaces, as well as nescent strips of lighting fixtures. Bright colors duced mobility people access. construction of new stations. — red, green, and yellow — imitate the shades of autumn leaves. The new concourse is also adapted to reduced mobility and vision-impaired people categories. Foreign experience
European metro stations are mainly transformed by renewing the decor of existing stations. Usu- ally, the renewal increases their association with their location and adds new functions not charac- teristic of Metro, such as art areas, virtual shops, various producer’s showrooms.
22 University of Naples. Naples HafenCity Universität. Hamburg Drassanes station. Barcelona 23 IKEA Furniture Exhibi- tion in the Parisian Metro Architects/ Karim Rashid Architects/ Raupach Architekten, Architects/ Jordi Fernández, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Opening date/ 26 марта 2011 Stauss Grillmeier, D-Lightvision On-a Arquitectura During two weeks, four Parisian Metro stations were Platform type/ middle Opening date/ November 29, 2012 Opening date/ December 14, 1968 completely furnished with Platform type/ middle Reconstructed/ 2009 sofas, lighting fixtures and University of Naples is one of the central Naples Platform type/ side other products of the furniture Metro stations with a heavy traffic. The creative The station is built using a minimalistic style; the manufacturing giant in order concept of the reconstruction project is based on platform hall ceilings and walls are composed Renovation of this station was made by On-a Ar- to demonstrate durability and high quality of its products. using the cutting-edge knowledge, innovations, of large light-reflecting metal panels. Massive quitectura Spanish company. The idea underlying and digital technologies. The Metro station is re- ceiling-mounted luminescent cubes hang in the the new design was to use the materials which garded as a temporary transition space from one middle of the hall changing colors during the day, the trains passing through the station are made place to another. Bright and non-standard con- obeying various algorithms depending on arriv- of. Fiberglass-reinforced prefabricated concrete cepts of the station spaces enable passengers to al of trains or the time of the day. Such station’s walls of the station with a plastic topcoat blend distract themselves from the city rhythm and to design solution expresses strive to establish an smoothly into light-colored cast-in-place floors dive into the world of modern design making an associative link with the activity of the seaport built from vibration resistant concrete. For the A Virtual Shop in the emphasis on the place multiculturalism. and the architectural look of the port area. Light- sake of enhanced contrast, the station ceilings Seoul Metro ing colors blending smoothly one into another were painted black and visually split by linear
An underground food shop An expressive color palette, patterns and images, and changing rhythmically throughout the station lighting fixtures. was opened in the Seoul conceptual art objects, lighting and spotlighting associate themselves with the ships passing by. Metro during an advertising systems, modern paintings, digital art and graph- There is an acoustic system installed in the sta- campaign of a local supermar- ic images used in the interiors make it possible tion as well; color changes are accompanied by ket: banners with pictures of for the visitors to cultivate their imagination and muffled recordings of «port life» sounds. shop windows were pasted to invent their own creative interpretations. on station walls, and Met- ro passengers could collect baskets of foodstuffs by scanning QR codes using their smartphones; those foodstuffs were delivered to their homes during the same day. URBAN SHEREMETYEVSKAYA CONTEXT
STATION The Maryina Roshcha District belongs to the The cultural core of the district, comprising the North-Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow. Satiricon Theater, the Planeta KVN Moscow Youth This is the southernmost area of all those belong- Center, Konstantin Raikin Theatrical School, ing to that Okrug. The area of Maryina Roshcha Raikin Plaza Shopping and Entertainment Mall, is is 468 hectares, its population is 67 thousand located near the exit from the Maryina Roshcha people. metro station.
The district is mainly built with typical apart- ment buildings interspersed with industrial zones founded during the 1930s industrialization and The station opening is Interchange station running along railways and the Sushchevsky Val scheduled for 2020 Maryina Roshcha Street.
About the station Architects The station has a single entrance hall at the 5th A. Kurenbayev, A. Shutov Maryinoy Roschi Drive connected by the escala- Construction sites, Buildings and structures Residental areas Houses of workships tor tunnel with the platform. From the east end Opening abandoned duildings of the station, transfer to the Maryina Roshcha June 19, 2010 station of Lyublino-Dmitrovskaya Line will take Vegetation features Commercial areas Theatres. cultural Industrial areas place. Type centres Social Deep pylon triple-vault station Transport Type infrastructure Deep pylon triple-vault station The platform part of the station is a triple-nave 24 structure with a middle nave and two side naves 25 Number of platforms with platforms. The side naves are provided with 1 benches for passengers to rest; they run along platform walls. Type of platforms Middle The tunnel walls are faced by curved marble and granite stones. The pylons are faced with light and dark marble. Thus, pylons look shorter and 1 less massive. Dark stripes blend into the pylon base, and the light ones — into its cornice. м 2 Fiberglass waterproofing decorative canopies fol- 3 lowing the shape of the vaults are installed on the 4
vaults of the station middle and side naves and street Sheremetyevskaya the vaults of inclined escalator tunnels. 5 м м Suschovsky Val Street Dark brown granite rectangles and polished Suschovsky Val Street beige slab form a geometric pattern on the floor; The office park 1 it matches the rhythm of pylons and passages. Sheremetyevskiy The steps of exit stairs are faced with heat-treat- ed granite. The middle nave is lit by fluorescent 2 The Satirikon Theater lamps placed behind cornices. The Konstantin Raikin 3 Theatrical School The station entrance hall is connected with its platform part by a four-escalator tunnel with Raikin Plaza Shopping 4 access corridors. and Entertainment Mall
5 The Planeta KVN Moscow
м Metro HISTORICAL When Kamer-Kollezhsky Val served as a Moscow the railway tracks, separated parts of Maryina For rather a long time during the postwar period, customs border was built in 1742 near Maryino, Roshcha were reconnected. This gave an impetus Maryina Roscha did not develop at all. Dilapidat- RETROSPECTIVE almost all forests adjacent thereto were cut down to the development of local industry. The area ed wooden houses stood here up to the 1960s OF THE DISTRICT but groves were left intact, and they became a was improved for account of local industrialists. when standardised blocks of flats construction popular place for folk festivals for a long time. It The village streets were paved, water supply and started in Maryina Roshcha. In 1980s, during the was written in the 1829 Moscow Almanach: “The sewage networks were built. preparation for the 1980 Moscow Olympics, the There are several versions Maryina Roshcha density of the grove completely covered with district changed for the better, the streets were District name origin. One of them tells that this greenery offers a pleasant promenade, there are During the World War I, most men from the asphalted, remained dilapidated houses were territory was named after boyarynya Maria, wife several versts around with all charms of untar- Maryino village were called up to the army, and pulled down and Olympiysky Prospect was laid. of Fedor Goltyai, the owner of these lands. Ac- nished nature.” There were fair show-booths, the 1917 Revolution and the Civil War brought Since then, the area began to look ever more cording to another version, until the 18th century, carousels and tea kiosks in the grove. about further decline of the village. Most of its urban. Maryina Roshcha was a part of a forestland that population fought in the White Army at that time. was home to a gang of robbers led by female In 1861, the Sheremetyevs, the owners of Maryina chief Maria. Roshcha, let their land on lease for a long term to During the NEP period, the inhabitants of Mary- Pozemelnoye Obshestvo. It cut the grove down ino were engaged in flower production that Forests in the outskirts of Maryino changed their and leased the land plots to petty proprietors. brought a good profit to them. In subsequent owners many times. During Empress Anna Io- At that time, Maryino was built by single- and decades, Maryina Roshcha developed as an in- annovna’s reign, Chancellor Prince Cherkassky two-story houses. After the Moscow — St. Pe- dustrial district of Moscow, large industrial enter- owned them. This village was also owned by tersburg railway was built, Maryina Roshcha was prises were concentrated there. During the World Count Sheremetyev for some time. In 1799, he separated from Ostankino. Then the Windau rail- War II, they were adapted for the production of built the Ostankino Palace in early Classicism way was built, which split the territory of Maryina military goods, armaments and ammunition. style. Roshcha in half. After a bridge was built across
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1905 1913 1929 1934 1942 1957 1895
1967 1977 1986 1995 2002 2016 URBAN RZHEVSKAYA CONTEXT
STATION The territory around the metro exits is cut in two In the years to come, it is planned to reconstruct by Prospect Mira and limited by the Leningrad the Riga Railway Terminal area and to build a and Riga railroad tracks. On the south, the area is transport interchange node that will connect the cut from Moscow by Sushchevsky Val and Novor- railway spurs with the metro stations. The trans- izhskaya Overpass of the Third Transport Ring. port interchange node will include platforms, passenger terminals and other facilities. At the There is Krestovsky Department Store, Rizhsky same time, it is planned to build the second ex- Farm Market and the former audio and video tension of the Krestovsky Shopping and Adminis- equipment market (Rizhsky Radio Market) near trative Complex with a parking area for 900 cars. the metro exit. The Radio Market was closed The area of the complex will be approximately 40 The station opening is Interchange station down because it was planned to build the thousand square meters. scheduled for 2020 Rizhskaya Rzhevskaya metro station in its place.
About the station Architects This is the Third Interchange Circuit station that A. Reinfelds, V. Apsitis is located closest to the Kremlin; besides, it is the Entrance hall architects Construction sites, only one located in the Central Administrative Buildings and structures Residental areas Houses of workships Okrug of Moscow. The station has one entrance S. Kravets, G. Golubev, Yu. Kolesnikova abandoned duildings hall with exit to the Riga Railway Terminal on Vegetation features Commercial areas Theatres. cultural Industrial areas Rizhskaya Square from the west side of the plat- Opening centres form, from the east side the interchange to the May 1, 1958 Social Rizhskaya station will take place. Transport infrastructure Type 28 Type Shallow column three-span station 29 Deep pylon triple-vault station The design of the station is deep pylon tri- ple-nave one. It was built as per a standard de- Number of platforms sign and received its name from the Riga Railway 1 Terminal near which it is located. The station was extensively decorated with ceramics made by Type of platforms Riga factories. During construction of the station, Middle decoration work was carried out by Latvian work-
ers. The pylons are faced with yellow and brown Latvian ceramics. There are sculpted bas-reliefs with Riga cityscapes in the niches of the pylons. Bas-reliefs on the walls of the hall were made after the designs of Latvian artist G. Vilks by 3 scratching on green ceramics and slip-glazed. These pieces of architectural ceramics are unique 1 2 Third ring Third ring 4 to the Moscow Metro. The tunnel walls are faced Rizhskaya Overpass Mira avenue Mira м with cream-colored and dark gray ceramic tiles. Suschovsky Val Street The floor is faced with gray granite. The cornices of pylons and ventilation grilles are decorated with Latvian national ornament. There is a monu- ment dedicated to the launch of the First Satellite 1 Krestovskiy Departament near the station (sculptor S.. Kovner, architect V. Store Kartsev). Rizhskaya metro station is included into The Rizhsky Farm the list of Moscow newly detected cultural herit- 2 Market age sites. The heritage site comprises the under- ground hall, the above-ground entrance hall and 3 Rizhsky Radio Market the escalator tunnels. 4 The Riga Railway Terminal
м Metro HISTORICAL built simultaneously with the railway as per de- Rizhskaya Square in 1982. The market became widely known in late sign of St. Petersburg architect S. Brzozowski. 1980s, in connection with the development of RETROSPECTIVE The building facade is designed according to the Rizhskaya Square came into existence in the cooperative production and the emergence of OF THE DISTRICT traditions of Neo Russian style. Three palace-like mid-18th century near Krestovskaya city gate of elements of market economy in the USSR. buildings were connected by covered walkways Kamer-Kollezhsky Val. Until 1947, it was named built on the ground floor level. The railway sta- Krestovskaya Zastava Square. In 1892, two round Traditionally, this area of Moscow is associated tion was opened on September 11, 1901. The first water towers were built therein during the recon- with the Riga Railway Terminal and the square of train departed from the station to Windau on the struction of Mytishchi waterworks. Water tanks the same name. same day. Subsequently, passenger traffic from were placed on their top floors, five floors below the Windau Railway Station was the heaviest, were occupied by residential and office premises, The Riga Railway Terminal and the station itself was considered as the most water metering stations. In 1920, the fourth floor (Windau before 1930, Baltic until mid-1930s, passenger friendly and the best equipped for its of the right tower was used to house the Museum Rzhev until 1946) time: a proprietary electric power plant was used of Moscow Municipal Services. The water tow- In late 19th century, tsarist Russia developed to light its premises and platforms. At present, ers were its working exhibits. From their viewing rapidly. The needs of its foreign trade made it the Riga Railway Terminal is the least used one platforms visitors could see the panorama of the necessary to develop railway communication in Moscow. Only three long-distance trains and northern districts of Moscow. with the Baltic countries having access to ice- some commuter trains depart from and arrive to free Baltic ports, Riga and Windau. In March its platforms. 1897, Emperor Nicolas II issued an edict on the After Krestovsky Market was built in the 20th start of construction of a railway that was named century, Rizhskaya Square became a place of Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk. The Windau Railway vigorous trade. The present Rizhsky Farm Market Station (at present, Riga Railway Terminal) was was opened in the Riga Railway Terminal square
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1894 1901 1922 1938 1945 1958 1840
1962 1977 1989 1990 2005 2016 URBAN STROMYNKA CONTEXT
STATION The area of Sokolniki District is 1028 hectares, Exit from the above-ground hall of Sokolniki sta- its population is about 61 thousand people, the tion is visually linked with the park by the Alley district has mix of building types from historical of Sokolniki Square that, jointly with Sokolniki and functional points of view and developed so- Pavilionny Drive, is a part of Sokolniki park center cial infrastructure. Significant part of the district line. Historical above-ground hall of the station is occupied by Sokolniki park and the rest of its is surrounded by typical multistoried residential territory is predominantly occupied by residen- buildings built in 1980s and modern dominating tial houses, hospitals and production enterpris- structures of the district – residential complex es located mostly in its South-Eastern part and House in Sokolniki (2010) and Holiday Inn Sokol- along railway tracks confining the district from niki Hotel (2006). The station opening is Transfer station the West. Sokolniki Apart from Sokolniki park being renovated in the scheduled for 2019 The district has only one railway station of the recent years, cultural life of the district is present- Architects same name located in its central part that will be ed by famous Roman Viktyuk Theater and Zhar About the station connected to the new Stromynka station of the Ptitsa Puppet Theater. N. Bykova, I. Taranov Northern entrance hall will have exits to the Third Interchange Circuit of the Moscow Metro. underground crossing under Sokolnichesky Val Construction sites, Buildings and structures Residental areas Houses of workships to main entrance of Sokolniki park and tram Type abandoned duildings terminal station Sokolnicheskaya Zastava. South- Shallow column three-span station ern entrance hall will have an exit to Stromynka Vegetation features Commercial areas Theatres. cultural Industrial areas Street and will also be used for transfer to Sokol- It was opened as a part of first startup stage of centres niki station. the Moscow Metro and has exits to Rusakovskaya Social Transport infrastructure and Stromynka streets and to Sokolniki recrea- Type tion park. 32 Shallow column three-span station 33 The station has two rows of 23 columns. Number of platforms 1 Square columns on the station hall are lined with grey-blue Ural marble Ufaley and marbled glass. Type of platforms Walls along the tracks are lined with ceramic tile, Middle light yellow on top and black in the bottom. The 5 floor is finished with black and gray granite. Cor- ridors and ticket hall are finished with Georgian 4 Sadakhlo marble and Ural Prokhoro-Balandinsky marble. 6 1 2 Above-ground entrance hall made as an arch Stromynka street with double sided exit is located at an alley lead- ing to Sokolniki recreation park. The interior of м the entrance hall is finished with Koelga marble The Rusakov workers 1 and white marble glass. 3 club
The design of this station was awarded Grand 2 The Papper Theater Prix of 1937 International Fair in Paris. Rusakovskaya Street The Holiday Inn 3 Sokolniki Hotel
The Palace of Sports 4 Sokolniki
5 Sokolniki Park
6 Sokolnicheskaya Square
м Metro HISTORICAL Eventually, falconry lost its significance. Under In 1880s, the territories of Sokolniki woods and the building multifunctional, the designer pro- Peter the Great, the Sokolniki field was used for adjacent Olenya woods were administratively vided for possible transformation of inner rooms. RETROSPECTIVE mock battles. At those times, Sokolniki became included in the city of Moscow. There are three lecture halls that play a role of OF THE DISTRICT a place for traditional festivities of the noble and theater galleries after opening towards the main ordinary people of Moscow. The celebrations that In 1931, the Presidium of Moscow City Council hall by lifting walls. Lifting walls provided for attracted the largest number of people were held made a Resolution “On arrangement of recrea- possibility of using each of five spatial elements on May 1. tional base at the territory of Sokolniki Woods.” of the club separately. Vertical stairways service Sokolniki is one of the oldest recreational areas all rooms. The composition of facade is defined in Russia. It would be wrong, however, to refer to In the second half of 19th century, the woods al- Early in 20th century, along with development of by its inner structure: three upper lecture halls Sokolniki as a place for recreation only. This area ready had the basic features of its typical layout: industry and railway transport, suburban Sokol- extend outside in the shape of 3D consoles. Cur- is closely related to the history of Moscow and seven radial cleared strips were directed from niki gradually turned into an independent urban rently, the Community Center named after Rusak- Russia. During each historical period, the park the Circle and ended up with transversal cleared district. In 1920s, during evolvement of the Sovi- ov houses the Roman Viktyuk Theater. had its individual image impregnated with sym- strip. A several systems of ponds were arranged et Republic and along with cultivation of a new bols and senses of relevant epoch. based on water bodies. generation of citizens, the issue of arrangement of clubs where simple Soviet citizens could have The name of the district originates from falconry. Starting from 1860s, Sokolniki turned into one of rest after work, take part in amateur performanc- In 15-17th centuries, the area of Sokolniki was oc- the most populated places for country houses es or listen to lectures became very acute. Such cupied by reserve forest, which was the favorite (dachas): at first, those were personal dachas clubs were given a great significance, since they falconry place for the Tsars. There was a falconry that later, by the end of 19th century, turned into were the tools of propaganda of socialistic ideas. yard with falcon coops, falcon wood and a village commercial rental residential complexes. Some of of falconers. Current territory of the park was the the dachas that survived until now are acknowl- In 1927-1929, the Club of Rusakov was built at place where Russian Tsars Ivan the Terrible and edged as cultural heritage objects. Stromynka Street based on design of construc- Aleksey Mikhailovich Romanov hunted. tivist architect K. Melnikov. In an attempt to make
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1892 1902 1912 1912 1936 1940 1890
1952 1968 1976 1985 1997 2007 2016 Spatial requirements CONCEPT Considering the typology of the stations and their functional zoning, competition participants must provide an integral and clear comfortable DEVELOPMENT space for passengers in their design proposals. Movement directions depending on purpose must be made intuitively clear to passengers through use of certain materials, light and textures. The PRINCIPLES design shall also provide for clearly distinguish- able and convenient meeting points for passen- gers that would not prevent passenger traffic.
Competition’ bids must address the following Requirements for image of the parameters: stations Station image must be designed according to modern experience in decoration of metro sta- masterplan; tions, both internationally and in Moscow. Deco- operational requirements for the stations; ration of the stations must be visually comforta- spatial requirements; ble for passengers, correlate with the name and requirements for image of the stations; location, and correspond to modern tendencies requirements for elements and materials; for creation of comfortable urban environment requirements for station structures; functional requirements; and development of public spaces. requirements for lighting; requirements for navigation; requirements for furniture; 36 37 safety requirements; Requirements for elements and requirements for access of low-mobile groups. materials
Materials used for the stations must be prefera- bly of Russian origin and correspond to Russian standards and regulations. All elements and ma- terials must be durable, easily replaceable, safe Masterplan in operation, vandal- and impact-proof and have hygienic certificates issued by State Sanitary Epi- Surrounding urban context, directions of human demiological Service. Use of noxious and flamma- traffic, development plans for adjacent areas, and ble materials is not allowed. visual environment must be considered during preparation of proposals and visualization of Floor finishing with slippery materials is not al- station halls. Station halls must be clearly dis- lowed; polished granite should be used in the are- tinguishable as metro entrances and organically as with large accumulations of people, heat-treat- tied-in to environment. ed granite – in underground crossings.
All finishing and elements of the stations must be stable to vibrations. Use of mirroring and inten- Operational requirements for the sively glossy surfaces in platform areas is not stations allowed.
It should be considered during design develop- ment that all station elements must be easily Requirements for station structures serviceable over the short night periods of traffic Competition participants are not allowed to shutdown change (move, remove or modify cross-sections) load bearing structures for a station. Special attention must be paid during development of finishing fixing structures and station elements must be provided in public areas according to to their reliable fixations and possibility of quick existing law and regulations. replacement and simple access for maintenance. To this point, use of prefabricated structures and lightweight materials is recommended. Competitors must use existing typical graphical design for navigation signs, indicators and oth- er graphic navigation elements customized for the Moscow Metro. Non-typical design may be Functional requirements used for station names at platforms and outside stations. Apart from transit functions, each metro station also has a lot of functional areas: entrance halls, transit halls, ticket halls, meeting points, sales points, passenger screening points, checkpoints, Requirements for furniture platforms, recreation and waiting areas must be structured using design elements considering all The design must provide for passenger recreation operational requirements. The participants may areas at stations not preventing traffic of people offer functional areas not typical for metro sta- and cleaning equipment. Special supports must tions, provided that they would not impede main be provided for people with musculoskeletal dis- station functions and fit into surrounding context. orders. Competition participants shall develop an individual furniture design – for recreation areas, supports, banisters and cabins for station duty officers. Requirements for lighting
Lighting at metro stations is classified as decora- tive and functional and is given special attention in the underground, since it does not only influ- Safety requirements ence a station appearance, but is also one of the 38 most important passenger safety elements. Suffi- The station design must ensure that all interior 39 cient floor lighting must be ensured in passenger elements do not deteriorate metro functioning, and transit areas. Station lighting must be uni- obstruct passages, reduce illumination of surfac- form, dissipated and must not blind passengers es, represent injury hazard, or accumulate dust. A and train operators. All lighting fixtures at sta- luminescent strip must be provided at a distance tions must be easily accessible for maintenance of 1200 mm from the platform edge along its and replacement. Competitors shall also keep in whole length. Furniture and other elements may mind that lighting intensity and color spectrum not be placed closer than 1.6 m from the platform may have an emotional influence on passengers. edge.
Requirements for navigation An important component of metro stations Requirements for accessibility for functioning is simplicity and quickness of orien- people with disabilities tation for passengers. Competition participants shall provide places for installation of navigation Special devices for transportation of people in signs and other visual landmarks for designation wheelchairs and suitable handrails for people of train movement directions, crossings and exits. with musculoskeletal disorders must be provided All navigation at the stations must be as clear at all stair flights in public areas of the stations. and intuitive as possible and shall be established Textured signs and contrast color strips must be with both informational signs and materials, provided in front of stairs, ramps and doors for textures and lighting that may be used to control blind and visually impaired passengers, according human traffic flows in order to avoid their colli- to existing law and regulations. Navigation at the sions. Competitors should keep in mind that there stations must be complemented with sign plates are requirements for navigation at metro stations printed in Braille. for physically challenged people, therefore, tactile floor tile and navigation plates with Braille letters 40 41
International competition for Development of the Architectural and Artistic Concept of Moscow Metro Stations: Sheremetyevskaya, Rzhevskaya, Stromynka
Organizer Agency for strategic development «CENTER» 121069, Moscow st. Bolshaya Molchanovka, 21, 6th floor, office 13
www.centeragency.org [email protected] +7 (495) 697-72-24 +7 (495) 695-33-58