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Brachystoma Meigen (Diptera: Empidoidea: Brachystomatidae) New to the Oriental (Indo Malayan) Realm: a New Species from Thailand

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Brachystoma Meigen (Diptera: Empidoidea: Brachystomatidae) New to the Oriental (Indo Malayan) Realm: a New Species from Thailand Tropical Natural History 10(1): 61-66 April 2010 ©2010 by Chulalongkorn University Brachystoma Meigen (Diptera: Empidoidea: Brachystomatidae) New to the Oriental (Indo Malayan) Realm: A New Species from Thailand ADRIAN R. PLANT* Department of Biodiversity and Systematic Biology, National Museum of Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NP, UK * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Received: 21 December 209; Accepted: 22 March 2010 ABSTRACT.– Brachystoma muankai n. sp. (Diptera: Empidoidea: Brachystomatidae) is described from the mountain Doi Inthanon, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. This is the first occurrence of Brachystoma Meigen and the subfamily Brachystomatinae in the Oriental (Indo Malayan) Realm. KEY WORDS: Brachystoma, new species, Brachystomatidae, Thailand INTRODUCTION Saigusa were hitherto unknown from the Oriental Realm. Yang et al. (2007) listed The former subfamily Brachystomatinae four species of Brachystoma from North of the Empididae (sensu Melander, 1908) America, two species from the western was elevated to family rank by Sinclair and Palaearctic and three more are known from Cumming (2006) and expanded to include the eastern Palaearctic in Japan (Saigusa, the Ceratomerinae and Trichopezinae on the 1963). Smith (1969) and Wagner and basis of several synapomorphies including Andersen (1995) enumerated species of in males, a plate-like ejaculatory apodeme Brachystoma from Africa but these were narrowly fused to the base of a wide tubular removed to Rubistella Garrett Jones by phallus, and in females, tergite 7 with a Sinclair (1995) and although at least one dense fringe of setae along the posterior undescribed species of true Brachystoma is margin. Acanthophorites are present on the known from Chile (B. J. Sinclair, pers. female terminalia (a condition found com.) Brachystoma is thus largely confined elsewhere in Empidoidea only in Micropho- to the Northern Hemisphere. The present ridae and Dolichopodidae), but uniquely for work describes a new species of Brachy- acanthophorite-bearing empidoids, in stoma collected in northern Thailand and Brachystomatidae the female cercus is also represents the first record of the genus and strongly arched dorsally (more horizontally subfamily in the Oriental (Indo Malayan) positioned in other Empidoidea). Of the Realm. three brachystomatid subfamilies currently recognized, Ceratomerinae contains three MATERIALS AND METHODS genera confined to the Southern Hemi- sphere. Trichopezinae has 12 genera Material used in this study was collected represented in Thailand only by Trichopeza during 2006 and 2007 as part of a three year Rondani (Plant, 2009a) while Brachystoma- project (TIGER – Thailand Insect Group for tinae containing Brachystoma Meigen, Entomological Research) sampling terres- Anomalempis Melander and Xanthodromia trial invertebrates in 10 national parks 62 TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY 10(1), APRIL 2010 FIGURE 1. Brachystoma muankai n. sp. Female habitus. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. across Thailand. General morphological and used administratively within the TIGER terms conform with McAlpine (1981) and Project. antennal morphology with Stuckenberg (1999). Interpretation of genitalic homology SYSTEMATICS follows Cumming et al. (1995) and Sinclair (2000). Repository institutions for material Brachystoma Meigen, 1822 were:– NMWC, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, UK; QSBG, Queen Sirikit Diagnosis.– A characteristic genus of the Botanical Garden, Chiang Mai, Thailand. In Brachystomatidae subfamily Brachystoma- addition to full locality / date / collector tinae distinguished from Xanthodromia by data, labels for material collected by the having cell cup obviously longer than cell TIGER Project have a unique data code bm and produced posteroapically and (prefixed ‘T’) which is quoted on the label separated from Anomalempis by having the PLANT — BRACHYSTOMA MEIGEN, NEW TO THE ORIENTAL 63 FIGURE 2. Brachystoma muankai n. sp. A. Male genitalia, right lateral view. B. Male cercus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cer, cercus; eh, fused epandrium and hypandrium; pha, phallus. Scale bars: A = 0.1 mm; B = 0.05 mm. antennal stylus slender and palpi only National Park, Summit Marsh, 18° 35.361' sparsely setate. N 98° 29.157' E, 2,500 m, 25–26/ii/2007, pan trap, Y. Areeluck, T1764 (QSBG). Brachystoma muankai n. sp. PARATYPES.- 1 male, 2 females, same Figures 1-3 data as holotype, Checkpoint 2, 18° 31.554' N 98° 29.940' E, 1,700 m, 23/ii–2/iii/2007, Types.– HOLOTYPE.- male, THAILAND, Malaise trap, Y. Areeluck, T1775 (NMWC); Chiang Mai Province, Doi Inthanon 2 females, 5/i–12/i/2007, T1913 (QSBG); 2 64 TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY 10(1), APRIL 2010 females, 2/ii–9/ii/2007, T1793 (NMWC); 1 setae on scutellum, acrostichal setulae male, 2 females, 16/ii–23/ii/2007, T1805 minute, becoming slightly longer behind; (QSBG). otherwise with only minute setulae between and above postpronotal lobe. Additional material.– One specimen Legs slender but tibiae slightly swollen missing its abdomen, same data as holotype apically, conspicuously so on posterior tibia; (NMWC). yellowish with tibiae and tarsi brown. All legs sparsely short setate with only a few Etymology.– The specific epithet derives stronger setae, particularly on femora from the Thai ‘muan’ meaning same as or ventrally becoming somewhat stronger similar to and ‘kai’ meaning egg, in basally (especially on mid femur), anterior reference to the swollen egg-shaped apex of preapical on front femur and a dorsobasal the female abdomen. on hind tibia stronger; front metatarsus ventrally and posteriorly and all tibia Diagnosis.– A distinctive species with apically with dense white microscopic pile, thorax shining yellow and strongly marked especially evident on hind tibia. black median stripe on scutum. Female Abdomen with basal segments whitish abdomen with tergite 7 remarkably enlarge- yellow, tergites 2 - 4 rather weakly ed, globose, enclosing terminal abdominal sclerotized with brownish lateral margins, segments. apical tergites brown. Ventrally with distal sternites brownish. Genitalia (Fig. 2) with Description.– MALE.- Length 3.5 – 4.0 fused hypandrium and epandrium yellowish mm. Head spherical, shining black, frons bearing pronounced blackish posterior lobe dusted greyish; eyes almost touching on rather densely covered with short setae face; occiput sparsely covered with short ventrally; cercus black, rather narrowly fine pale setulae, longest on lower occiput pointed apically in lateral view, broadened behind mouth; ocellar setae very small, fine. basally; phallus black, paler basally, long, Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow, describing ovate curve. distal segments brown; pedicel with apical Wings membrane brownish, faint stigma circlet and dorsal patch of minute brownish darker, veins brown. Radial fork rather short setulae; postpedicel pointed lanceolate about and open, angle between R4 and R5 about 3X long as wide, stylus rather longer, not 70°; R4 almost linear, hardly curved basally. conspicuously broadened. Mouthparts Cell cup obviously longer than bm, postero- yellow; palp small, pointed ovate with fine apically produced with vein A1+CuA2 apical setulae; proboscis sharply pointed, distinct for a short distance beyond apex. slightly recurved apically. FEMALE.– Similar to male (Fig. 1) but Thorax rather shining yellow, slightly abdomen uniformly brown dorsally, paler on pleura, scutellum yellowish brown; yellowish white ventrally. Genitalia (Fig. 3) scutum with broad black median stripe with tergite 7 remarkably enlarged, globose, extending from anterior margin almost to yellow, enclosing terminal abdominal posterior margin, confined within line of segments; tergite 8 black bearing short acrostichal setulae. One strong black spine-like setae dorsally and small notopleural seta with much smaller seta in posteroventral protuberance bearing file front, a weak postalar and 4 – 6 weak apical pale apical setae; tergite 10 black bearing PLANT — BRACHYSTOMA MEIGEN, NEW TO THE ORIENTAL 65 FIGURE 3. Brachystoma muankai n. sp. Female genitalia, left lateral view. Abbreviations: cer, cercus; s6, sternite 6; s7, sternite 7; s8, sternite 8; t6, tergite 6; t7, tergite 7; t8, tergite 8, t10, tergite 10. Scale bar =0.5 mm. acanthophorites with single row of spine- only other brachystomatid genus present in like setae; cercus with single apical spine Thailand. and immediately posterior to it a smaller fleshy lobe with fine setulae posteriorly; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS sternite 8 with apical lobe bearing fine long setae. For access to TIGER project material and local expertise in Thailand I am grateful DISCUSSION to Michael Sharkey, Brian Brown, Chaweewan Hutacharern and Ratana Luka- Brachystoma muankai n. sp. is clearly nawarakul. The collecting efforts of national distinguished from other Asian species of parks staff in Thailand are gratefully Brachystoma by having the scutum clear acknowledged. The TIGER Project is yellow with a black median stripe. supported by the USA NSF (grant no. DEB- Brachystoma muankai n. sp. is known 0542846). only from the mountain Doi Inthanon (Chiang Mai Province) in hill evergreen LITERATURE CITED forest biotopes at elevations from 1,700– 2,500 m with capture dates from early Cumming, J. M., Sinclair, B. J and Wood, D. M. January to early March at the end of the cool 1995. Homology and phylogenetic implications of male genitalia in Diptera-Eremoneura. Entomolo- dry season. The mountain is becoming gica Scandinavica, 26: 121–151. known at a ‘hotspot’ of empidoid dipteran McAlpine, J. F. 1981. Morphology and
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