ICRC in Nigeria
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Lessons from Colombia for Curtailing the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria
Lessons From Colombia For Curtailing The Boko Haram Insurgency In Nigeria BY AFEIKHENA JEROME igeria is a highly complex and ethnically diverse country, with over 400 ethnic groups. This diversity is played out in the way the country is bifurcated along the lines of reli- Ngion, language, culture, ethnicity and regional identity. The population of about 178.5 million people in 2014 is made up of Christians and Muslims in equal measures of about 50 percent each, but including many who embrace traditional religions as well. The country has continued to experience serious and violent ethno-communal conflicts since independence in 1960, including the bloody and deadly thirty month fratricidal Civil War (also known as the Nigerian-Biafran war, 1967-70) when the eastern region of Biafra declared its seces- sion and which claimed more than one million lives. The most prominent of these conflicts recently pitch Muslims against Christians in a dangerous convergence of religion, ethnicity and politics. The first and most dramatic eruption in a series of recent religious disturbances was the Maitatsine uprising in Kano in December 1980, in which about 4,177 died. While the exact number of conflicts in Nigeria is unknown, because of a lack of reliable sta- tistical data, it is estimated that about 40 percent of all conflicts have taken place since the coun- try’s return to civilian rule in 1999.1 The increasing wave of violent conflicts across Nigeria under the current democratic regime is no doubt partly a direct consequence of the activities of ethno- communal groups seeking self-determination in their “homelands,” and of their surrogate ethnic militias that have assumed prominence since the last quarter of 2000. -
En Download (10.33
FGN’S 2020 BUDGET BREAKDOWN Sinking Funds Statutory Transfer 296bn N556bn Deficit 2.18tn Debt Service N2.453tn Non-Oil Revenue Recurrent N1.81tn Expenditure N4.88tn IN OUT Other Revenue Sources 3.7tn* • Overall budget deficit of N2.175 trillion in 2020 represents 1.52% of GDP. MDA’s Capital • Projected deficit within threshold stipulat- Oil Revenue Expenditure ed in the Fiscal Responsibility Act (FRA) 2007. N2.64tn N2.145 • Budget deficit is to be financed mainly by borrowing N1.594 trillion. Expenditure Revenue • Domestic sources - N744.99 billion • Foreign sources (gradual shift away from 8.15tn 10.33tn commercial to more concessionary financ- * Includes Dividends, Recoveries/fines, Independent ing) - N850 billion Revenue, Signature Bonus etc Overview of the revenue framework The aggregate revenue available to fund the 2020 budget is projected at N8.155 trillion (7% or N561.2 billion more than the 2019 Budget of N7.59 trillion). To promote transparency, account- ability & comprehensiveness, the bud- get of 10 major GOEs are integrated in the FGNs budget w.e.f 2020 Overview of the Expenditure framework . 2020 FGN spending (inclusive of GOEs/PT Loans) is projected to be N10.33 trillion. Recurrent (non-debt) spending expected to rise by 11.28%, from N4.39 trillion in FY2019 to N4.88 trillion (reflecting increases in salaries & pensions including provisions for implementation of the new minimum wage) . Capital Expenditure (Inclusive of Transfers, GOEs Capital & Project-tied loans) as % of FGN Expendi- ture is 24% . At N2.45 trillion, debt service is 23.74% of planned spending . Provision to retire maturing bond to local contrac- tors increased by 169.09% from N110 billion in FY2019 to N296 billion. -
Rainfall and the Length of the Growing Season in Nigeria
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. 24: 467–479 (2004) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/joc.1012 RAINFALL AND THE LENGTH OF THE GROWING SEASON IN NIGERIA T. O. ODEKUNLE* Department of Geography, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria Received 15 May 2003 Revised 8 December 2003 Accepted 16 December 2003 ABSTRACT This study examines the length of the growing season in Nigeria using the daily rainfall data of Ikeja, Ondo, Ilorin, Kaduna and Kano. The data were collected from the archives of the Nigerian Meteorological Services, Oshodi, Lagos. The length of the growing season was determined using the cumulative percentage mean rainfall and daily rainfall probability methods. Although rainfall in Ikeja, Ondo, Ilorin, Kaduna, and Kano appears to commence around the end of the second dekad of March, middle of the third dekad of March, mid April, end of the first dekad of May, and early June respectively, its distribution characteristics at the respective stations remain inadequate for crop germination, establishment, and development till the end of the second dekad of May, early third dekad of May, mid third dekad of May, end of May, and end of the first dekad of July respectively. Also, rainfall at the various stations appears to retreat starting from the early third dekad of October, early third dekad of October, end of the first dekad of October, end of September, and early second dekad of September respectively, but its distribution characteristics only remain adequate for crop development at the respective stations till around the end of the second dekad of October, end of the second dekad of October, middle of the first dekad of October, early October, and middle of the first dekad of September respectively. -
A Deadly Cycle: Ethno-Religious Conflict in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
GENEVA Executive Summary DECLARATION Working Paper June 2011 Geneva Declaration Secretariat c/o Small Arms Survey 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland A Deadly Cycle: Ethno-Religious Conflict t +41 22 908 5777 in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria f +41 22 732 2738 e [email protected] Jana Krause w www.genevadeclaration.org 2010a). The Middle Belt region, to which displaced (IRIN, 2005). After the 2008 Photo A victim of domestic violence with her daughter in Managua, WORKING PAPER Plateau State belongs, is one of the areas riot, more than 10,000 were displaced, Nicaragua, February 2009. © Riccardo Venturi/Contrasto/Dukas in GENEVA collaboration with Intervita DECLARATION worst hit. The 2001 Jos riot claimed at while violence in 2010 resulted in about least 1,000 lives in Jos (HRW, 2001). 18,000 people fleeing the clashes (IRIN, A DEADLY CYCLE: ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICT Subsequently, long-standing tensions 2010). Numerous houses in Jos have IN JOS, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA within smaller towns and villages in been burned and blackened remnants Plateau State violently escalated. The litter the streets in many parts of the TACKLING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN killings only came to a halt when the city. All sides suffer a massive loss due federal government declared a state of to livelihoods destroyed. Violence and emergency in 2004, after about 700 displacement have reshaped Jos and people had been killed in an attack on the many rural settlements. As neighbour- town of Yelwa in southern Plateau State hoods become religiously segregated, (HRW, 2005). Clashes between Muslim ‘no-go areas’ alter patterns of residency, and Christian youths rocked the city of business, transportation, and trade. -
Nigeria Update to the IMB Nigeria
Progress in Polio Eradication Initiative in Nigeria: Challenges and Mitigation Strategies 16th Independent Monitoring Board Meeting 1 November 2017 London 0 Outline 1. Epidemiology 2. Challenges and Mitigation strategies SIAs Surveillance Routine Immunization 3. Summary and way forward 1 Epidemiology 2 Polio Viruses in Nigeria, 2015-2017 Past 24 months Past 12 months 3 Nigeria has gone 13 months without Wild Polio Virus and 11 months without cVDPV2 13 months without WPV 11 months – cVDPV2 4 Challenges and Mitigation strategies 5 SIAs 6 Before the onset of the Wild Polio Virus Outbreak in July 2016, there were several unreached settlements in Borno Borno Accessibility Status by Ward, March 2016 # of Wards in % Partially LGAs % Fully Accessible % Inaccessible LGA Accessible Abadam 10 0% 0% 100% Askira-Uba 13 100% 0% 0% Bama 14 14% 0% 86% Bayo 10 100% 0% 0% Biu 11 91% 9% 0% Chibok 11 100% 0% 0% Damboa 10 20% 0% 80% Dikwa 10 10% 0% 90% Gubio 10 50% 10% 40% Guzamala 10 0% 0% 100% Gwoza 13 8% 8% 85% Hawul 12 83% 17% 0% Jere 12 50% 50% 0% Kaga 15 0% 7% 93% Kala-Balge 10 0% 0% 100% Konduga 11 0% 64% 36% Kukawa 10 20% 0% 80% Kwaya Kusar 10 100% 0% 0% Mafa 12 8% 0% 92% Magumeri 13 100% 0% 0% Maiduguri 15 100% 0% 0% Marte 13 0% 0% 100% Mobbar 10 0% 0% 100% Monguno 12 8% 0% 92% Ngala 11 0% 0% 100% Nganzai 12 17% 0% 83% Shani 11 100% 0% 0% State 311 41% 6% 53% 7 Source: Borno EOC Data team analysis Four Strategies were deployed to expand polio vaccination reach and increase population immunity in Borno state SIAs RES2 RIC4 Special interventions 12 -
Borno Yobe Adamawa
Nigeria: Gender Based Violence Sub Sector: Partner Presence Map; July 2019 NUMBER OF LOCAL Kaga Magumeri Mobbar UN INGOs GOVERNMENT AREAS UNFPA/MoWASD INTERSOS FHI 360 ¯ 48% Monguno 9% COVERED ALIMA,INTERSOS, IRC,NCA,Plan, LHI,UNFPA/ NGOs MoWASD,GISCOR 43% 26/65 Abadam Yusufari Ngala Konduga Machina Yunusari Mobbar Kukawa Nguru Karasuwa CARE,CHAD, GPON,IMC,IRC, Nguru Guzamala UNHCR Bade FHI360,INTERSOS, SCI,UNFPA/ BORNO MC,NCA,Plan, MoWASD, Bade Bursari Geidam Gubio Jere Geidam UNFPA/MoWASD UNHCR/GISCOR Jakusko Nganzai Monguno ALIMA,GPON, UNHCR/NHRC Marte IMC,IRC,LETSAI, Tarmua Ngala MdM,EYN,SCI, Magumeri Mafa Kala/Balge Plan, LHI UNFPA/MoWASD YOBE Jere Mafa Dikwa IMC Nangere Fune Damaturu Maiduguri Potiskum Potiskum Kaga Konduga Maiduguri UNHCR/NHRC Bama Bama GEPDC,GPON, Fika Gujba ALIMA,INTERSOS, IMC,IRC,MC, Gwoza Gwoza IRC,NCA,Plan, MdM,NF,UNFPA/ Damboa IRC,MC,NCA,LHI, LHI,UNFPA/ MoWASD, Gulani Gulani Plan,UNFPA/ Damboa MoWASD,UNHCR/ GISCOR,UNHCR NEYIF Biu Chibok MoWASD,GISCOR Gujba Madagali IMC,MC,MdM, GISCOR /BOWDI UNHCR/NHRC Plan,UNFPA/ Askira/Uba Michika MoWASD,UNHCR/ Kwaya Kusar Hawul GISCOR Damaturu Bayo Mubi North Hong UNHCR/CCEPI, Shani Gombi Mubi South IRC Madagali Shelleng Plan/LHI Song Maiha YOBE Askira Uba Guyuk BORNO NCA/EYN, Numan ALIMA Lamurde ADAMAWA Michika Numan ADAMAWA CVN Girei Plan/LHI,HCI, Demsa Yola South IRC Yola NorthFufore Mayo-Belwa Mubi North Yola South Plan/LHI,IRC CVN, SGF Partner count per LGA Functional facilities providing Jada services This map shows North east, Mubi South 1 - 3 Gombi GZDI,IRC WGFS - 19 out of 65 LGAs Nigeria GBV and Health Ganye 4 - 7 Sector partners presence CVN, SGF Functional Referral pathways 8 - 11 16 out of 65 LGAs based on reports received Toungo through the 5Ws ( June/July Hong CMR-SV-IPV service provision 2019).The choropleth map HCI LGA Boundary 7 agencies in 22 LGAs highlghts number of reporting partners in each Lake Chad LGA. -
Ibadan, Nigeria by Laurent Fourchard
The case of Ibadan, Nigeria by Laurent Fourchard Contact: Source: CIA factbook Laurent Fourchard Institut Francais de Recherche en Afrique (IFRA), University of Ibadan Po Box 21540, Oyo State, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] INTRODUCTION: THE CITY A. URBAN CONTEXT 1. Overview of Nigeria: Economic and Social Trends in the 20th Century During the colonial period (end of the 19th century – agricultural sectors. The contribution of agriculture to 1960), the Nigerian economy depended mainly on agri- the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) fell from 60 percent cultural exports and on proceeds from the mining indus- in the 1960s to 31 percent by the early 1980s. try. Small-holder peasant farmers were responsible for Agricultural production declined because of inexpen- the production of cocoa, coffee, rubber and timber in the sive imports and heavy demand for construction labour Western Region, palm produce in the Eastern Region encouraged the migration of farm workers to towns and and cotton, groundnut, hides and skins in the Northern cities. Region. The major minerals were tin and columbite from From being a major agricultural net exporter in the the central plateau and from the Eastern Highlands. In 1960s and largely self-sufficient in food, Nigeria the decade after independence, Nigeria pursued a became a net importer of agricultural commodities. deliberate policy of import-substitution industrialisation, When oil revenues fell in 1982, the economy was left which led to the establishment of many light industries, with an unsustainable import and capital-intensive such as food processing, textiles and fabrication of production structure; and the national budget was dras- metal and plastic wares. -
Techno-Economic Assessment of Wind Turbines in Nigeria
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy ISSN: 2146-4553 available at http: www.econjournals.com International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2021, 11(2), 240-246. Techno-economic Assessment of Wind Turbines in Nigeria Ignatius Kema Okakwu1, Olakunle Elijah Olabode2, Akintunde Samson Alayande3, Tobiloba Emmanuel Somefun4*, Titus Oluwasuji Ajewole5 1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria, 2Department of Electrical and Electronics and Computer Engineering, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria, 3Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria, 4Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, 5Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Osun State University Osogbo, Nigeria. *Email: [email protected] Received: 04 June 2020 Accepted: 08 December 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10030 ABSTRACT Wind energy potentials of some selected high altitude and coastal areas in Nigeria are assessed for possible utilization for the generation of electricity. The main aim is to provide pragmatic insight that will enhance the investment in wind energy conversion systems in an optimal manner. The data used in this present study were obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency, which includes average wind speeds per day of four locations across the country, measured at the anemometer height of 10 m over a period of 11 years. With the sites classified based on their wind power densities, the capacity factor estimation value was used to select the most suitable turbine for the selected sites, and the present value cost method was employed to estimate the unit cost of energy of the turbine at various hub-heights. -
Reports on Inter-Religious Violence in Nigeria, Particularly in the South (Ibadan Etc )
Reports on Inter-religious violence in Nigeria, particularly in the South (Ibadan etc ) In a section titled Societal Abuses and Discrimination (Section III.) the US Department of State religious freedom report for Nigeria states: Tension between Christians and Muslims remained acute in some areas, and conflicts of a seemingly socioeconomic or political nature often divided people along religious lines. Events, particularly of a religious tenor, occurring in other regions of the country or parts of the world, heightened tensions between religious groups. Religious differences often exacerbated ethnic differences. Competition for scarce resources, in concert with unequal and discriminatory employment practices, provoked violence between individuals of different religious or ethnic communities. Religion was also often a catalyst for hostility, used by politicians and others to foment discord. (US Department of State (Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor) (19 September 2008) Nigeria International Religious Freedom Report) The annual report published by the US Commission on International Religious Freedom refers to religious violence in Nigeria as follows: Since 1999, more than 10,000 Nigerians have been killed in sectarian and communal attacks and reprisals between Muslims and Christians. The most serious of these clashes occurred in Kaduna state (February and May 2000 and November 2002); Jos, Plateau state (September 2001); Kano state and Yelwa, Plateau state (February-May 2004); and in northern and southeastern Nigeria, in the wake of the controversy over depictions of the Prophet Muhammad in the Danish press in February 2006 (see below). Ethnic and religious violence continued throughout the past year, although the number of deaths resulting from the violence decreased compared to previous years. -
Politics and Policies of Religious Broadcasting in Nigeria
Asonzeh Ukah1 Оригинални научни рад University of Bayreuth UDK: 316.77:2(669) ; 2-662:316.7(669) ; Germany 340.134:654.17/.19(669) BANISHING MIRACLES: POLITICS AND POLICIES OF RELIGIOUS BROADCASTING IN NIGERIA Abstract Nigeria is home to a vibrant media marketplace. Excluding more than a hundred ti- tles of daily tabloids and weekly newspapers, there is a densely saturated broadcast in- dustry consisting of radio, television (terrestrial, satellite, pay per view and cable chan- nels) and video-film in Nigeria. Since the deregulation of the broadcast industry in 1992 with the issuing of broadcast licences to individuals and groups, the country has witnessed a burgeoning growth such that at the beginning of 2008, there were about 284 broadcasting stations in Nigeria. Since then, more licenses have been approved and issued, indicating a further expansion in the industry. Focusing on the practices and policies of the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) vis-à-vis religious broad- casting in a multi-religious society, this paper investigates the politics, policies and processes of regulating deregulation within the industry which have raised some con- troversies in recent times, particularly with reference to what the NBC calls “unverified miracles”. Key Words: Broadcasting, Television, Pentecostalism, Politics, Miracles, Deregula- tion. Introduction Since Nigeria received political Independence in 1960, all the Constitutions drafted and promulgated have guaranteed freedom of religious association, expression and practice.2 What the Constitutions have not granted citizens, in a straightforward, un- complicated manner, is freedom to own and operate a broadcast medium. In a multi- religious society such as Nigeria, the role of the state with respect to religious com- munication is critical. -
Patterns of Migration and Population Mobility in Sudanic West Africa: Evidence from Ancient Kano, C
Afrika Zamani, No. 24, 2016, pp. 11-30 © Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa & Association of African Historians 2017 (ISSN 0850-3079) Patterns of Migration and Population Mobility in Sudanic West Africa: Evidence from Ancient Kano, c. 800–1800 AD Akachi Odoemene* Abstract In the last three decades historians of migration in Europe and the Americas have increasingly criticised the idea of a ‘mobility transition’, which assumed that pre- modern societies were geographically fairly immobile, and that people only started to move in unprecedented ways from the nineteenth century onwards. This paper takes this perspective as a point of departure, and further presents evidence of remarkable population mobility from ancient Kano, taking a longue durée viewpoint. It reconstructs the nature and transformative roles of constant and consistent migration and population mobility in Kano, which ensured enormous social interactions within and between culturally distinct communities and led to socio-cultural changes. This earned Kano a reputation as an important, formidable and large medieval urban metropolis in Western Sudan. Thus, ancient Kano, like elsewhere in Sudanic Africa, had a rich history of massive and systematic migration and population mobility since the ninth century AD. Résumé Au cours des trois dernières décennies, les historiens de la migration en Europe et dans les Amériques ont de plus en plus critiqué l’idée d’une « transition de la mobilité », qui supposait que les sociétés prémodernes étaient géographiquement assez immobiles et que les populations n’ont commencé à se déplacer de manière inédite qu’à partir du dix-neuvième siècle. Partant de ce point de vue, le présent article présente des éléments attestant de la remarquable mobilité démographique dans l’ancienne Kano, sous une perspective de longue durée. -
Boko Haram Threatens to Cut Borno State from Nigeria
AFRICA Boko Haram Threatens to Cut Borno State from Nigeria OE Watch Commentary: The excerpted article from a Nigerian source discusses how Boko Haram’s current strategy risks cutting off northeastern Nigeria’s Borno State from the rest of the country. For several weeks in January, the group attacked the crucial Kano-Maiduguri highway connecting northern Nigeria’s largest city, Kano, with Borno’s capital, Maiduguri. The article points out that this is similar to the group’s strategy during the height of its territorial conquests in 2013-2014 in Borno, when it sought to render that highway and other roads inaccessible by bombing major bridges and occupying roadside villages. In terms of tactics, the article observes that Boko Haram often dresses in military attire, which makes drivers mistakenly believe the militants are the army. This enables the group to set Civilian Joint Force members patrol in Maiduguri. up fake checkpoints and capture or kill passengers and disrupt Source: C. Oduah (VOA) via Wikimedia, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Civilian_Joint_Force_members_patrol_in_Maiduguri.jpg, Public Domain traffic. In particular, the article states that Boko Haram has recently begun to target aid workers and Christians on the highways and released their execution videos through media channels affiliated with the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). In a worst case scenario, the article argues that the Kano-Maiduguri highway would have to be closed down, which would severely affect trade in northern Nigeria. This is why, apparently, Borno governor Babagana Zulum has urged the military to take all measures to secure that highway.