Introduction 1
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Notes Introduction 1. Harry Miller, State versus Gentry in Late Ming Dynasty China, 1572– 1644 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 34, 37. 2. Ibid., 63. 3. Ibid., 94. 4. Ibid., 129– 31. 5. Hilary J. Beattie, Land and Lineage in China: A Study of T’ung- ch’eng County, Anhwei, in the Ming and Ch’ing Dynasties (Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press, 1979), 67– 68; Jiang Chen, Tong bian ri lu (late Ming manuscript), 2a– b, 3a– b, 4a, 5a– b, 8a; Dao Haisheng, Tong pan ji yi (late Ming manuscript), 1a; Guoli zhongyang tushuguan, Guoli zhongyang tushuguan shanben shumu (Taipei: Guoli zhongyang tushu- guan, 1986), 183. 6. Dao Haisheng, Tong pan ji yi, 1a. 7. Jiang Chen, Tong bian ri lu, 11b; Richard John Lynn, trans., The Classic of Changes (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994), 200. 8. Frederic Wakeman Jr., The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth- Century China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), 137n153; Hilary J. Beattie, “The Alternative to Resistance: The Case of T’ung- ch’eng, Anwei,” in From Ming to Ch’ing: Conquest, Region, and Continuity in Seventeenth- Century China, ed. Jonathan D. Spence and John E. Wills Jr. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979), 251; Yao Wenxi, Ming ji ri ji (Ming manuscript), esp. 1b, 3a, 4a, 11b– 12a. 9. Frederic Wakeman Jr., “The Shun Interregnum of 1644,” in From Ming to Ch’ing: Conquest, Region, and Continuity in Seventeenth- Century China, ed. Jonathan D. Spence and John E. Wills Jr. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979), esp. 67– 72. 10. Qian Jingzhong, “Tao zei fu chou shu,” in Nan guo chun qiu (Early Qing manuscript), ed. Anonymous, 99b; Analects XIV/21, in Si shu ji zhu, comp. Zhu Xi (Xi’an: Sanqin chubanshe, 1998), 236. 11. Qian Jingzhong, “Tao zei fu chou shu,” 102b– 3a; Mencius III/A/2, in Si shu ji zhu, Zhu Xi, 377– 78, and in Mencius, trans. D. C. Lau (London: Penguin Books, 2004), 53– 54. 140 notes 12. Qian Jingzhong, “Tao zei fu chou shu,” 103a- b, 106b- 7a. 13. Tan Qian, Guo que, ch. 100, reprinted in Guo que, Tan Qian, vol. 6 (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1988), 6044– 45; Frederic Wakeman Jr., “The Price of Autonomy: Intellectuals in Ming and Ch’ing Politics,” Daedalus 101, no. 2 (Spring 1972): 35– 70, esp. 36– 37; John W. Dardess, Con- fucianism and Autocracy: Professional Elites in the Founding of the Ming Dynasty (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983). 14. Wakeman, The Great Enterprise, 301– 2; Chen- main Wang, The Life and Career of Hung Ch’eng- ch’ou (1593– 1665): Public Service in a Time of Dynastic Change (Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Asian Studies, 1999), 135; Kong Dingfang, “Qing chu chaoting yu Ming yimin guanyu ‘zhi- tong’ yu ‘daotong’ hefaxing de jiaoliang,” Lishixue yanjiu 2009.2: 191. 15. Kong Dingfang, “Qing chu chaoting yu Ming yimin guanyu ‘zhitong’ yu ‘daotong’ hefaxing de jiaoliang,” 191; Lynn A. Struve, The South- ern Ming, 1644– 1662 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1984), 16– 17, 47– 48; Frederic Wakeman Jr., “Romantics, Stoics, and Martyrs in Seventeenth- Century China,” Journal of Asian Studies 43, no. 4 (Aug. 1984): 641; Wang, The Life and Career of Hung Ch’eng- ch’ou, 245. 16. Momose Hiromu, “Qingchao de caizheng jingji zhengce,” trans. Cheng Wing- cheong (paper presented at Conference on Fiscal Policy in Early Modern History, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, November 1998); Number One Historical Archives, Shunzhi period jie/zou/qi collection, jie, items 7, 43, 44, zou, item 12, Beijing, China. 17. Wakeman, The Great Enterprise, 1016– 33, 1071– 72. 18. Ibid., 849– 65. Chapter 1 1. Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, ch. 5, 1b– 2a, reprinted in Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, vol. 1 (Taipei: Xin wenfeng chuban gongsi, 1978), 51. 2. Zhu Xi, Si shu ji zhu (Xi’an: Sanqin chubanshe, 1998), 1– 2; William Theodore de Bary and Irene Bloom, eds., Sources of Chinese Tradition, vol. 1 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), 722– 24. 3. Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, ch. 5, 7b, reprinted in Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, vol. 1, 54; Tu Lien- che, “Feng Ch’uan,” in Eminent Chinese of the Ch’ing Period, ed. Arthur Hummel (Taipei: Ch’eng wen, 1972), 241; Frederic Wake- man Jr., The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth- Century China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), 443– 44; Harry Miller, State versus Gentry in Late Ming Dynasty China, 1572– 1644 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 129– 31; Zhou Yuanlian and Zhao Shiyu, Huangfu shezhengwang Duo’ergun quanzhuan (Changchun: Jilin wenshi chubanshe, 1987), 365– 67. notes 141 4. Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, ch. 5, 11b– 12a, reprinted in Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, vol. 1, 56. 5. Miller, State versus Gentry, 63, 64, 68, 72, 149, 156, 157, 162; Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, ch. 5, 18b– 19a, reprinted in Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, vol. 1, 59– 60. 6. Miller, State versus Gentry, 97; Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, ch. 6, 17a– 19b, reprinted in Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, vol. 1, 73–74; Feng Shu, Yu shan yao luan zhi (Shanghai: Wenming shuju, 1925), shang, 7b. 7. Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, ch. 10, 6b, reprinted in Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, vol. 1, 117, 121– 22. 8. Anonymous, Zhi zhong tang ji (Early Qing manuscript), 13a– b; Richard John Lynn, trans., The Classic of Changes (New York: Columbia Univer- sity Press, 1994), 137. 9. Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, ch. 10, 7b, reprinted in Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, vol. 1, 118; Sun Wenliang and Dong Shouyi, eds., Qing shi gao ci dian (Jinan: Shandong jiaoyu chubanshe, 2008), 1431. 10. Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, ch. 11, 10a– b, reprinted in Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, vol. 1, 129; James Legge, trans., Li Chi: Book of Rites, vol. 1 (New Hyde Park, NY: Univer- sity Books, 1967), 90. 11. Academia Sinica, Institute of History and Philology, Grand Secretariat Archives (Nei ge da ku dang an), items 008603– 001, 185067–025, 185067– 022, 153287, Taipei, Taiwan. 12. Grand Secretariat Archives (Nei ge da ku dang an), item 036484. 13. Ming Qing shi liao, jia bian, vol. 1, ed. Institute of History and Philology (Taipei: Academia Sinica, 1972), 80. 14. Wakeman, The Great Enterprise, 424– 36; Ming Qing shi liao, jia bian, vol. 1, 80; Grand Secretariat Archives (Nei ge da ku dang an), items 007631, 087166. 15. Ming Qing shi liao, bing bian, vol. 3, ed. Institute of History and Philol- ogy (Taipei: Academia Sinica, 1999), 269; Grand Secretariat Archives (Nei ge da ku dang an), items 037776, 007716. 16. Wakeman, The Great Enterprise, 549– 63, 577– 79; Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, ch. 16, 21a– b, reprinted in Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, vol. 1, 193; Yao Wenxi, Ming ji ri ji (Ming manuscript), 17a– b. 17. Jerry Dennerline, The Chia- ting Loyalists: Confucian Leadership and Social Change in Seventeenth-Century China (New Haven, CT: Yale Uni- versity Press, 1981), 267. 18. Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, ch. 17, 7b– 8b, reprinted in Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, vol. 1, 198. 19. Chen- main Wang, “Claiming Dynastic Legitimacy: Qing Strategies Dur- ing the Dorgon Era,” in The Scholar’s Mind: Essays in Honor of Frederick 142 notes W. Mote, ed. Perry Link (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 2009), 168– 70; Wakeman, The Great Enterprise, 863; Ming Qing shi liao, jia bian, vol. 1, ed. Institute of History and Philology, 88, reprinted in Ming Qing shi liao, jia bian, vol. 1, ed. [Min guo] Zhongyang yanjiuyuan lishi yuyan yanjiusuo (Beijing: Beijing tushuguan chubanshe, 2008), 225; Dorgon, Duo’ergun she zheng ri ji (Beiping: Guoli Beiping gugong bowuyuan, 1935), 1a; Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, ch. 17, 7b– 8b, reprinted in Da Qing Shizong Zhang (Shunzhi) huangdi shilu, vol. 1, 198. 20. Dorgon, Duo’ergun she zheng ri ji, 9a; Ku Hung- ting, The Grand Sec- retariat in Ch’ing China: A Chronological List (San Francisco: Chinese Materials Center, 1980), 2; Wakeman, The Great Enterprise, 244– 45; de Bary and Bloom, eds., Sources of Chinese Tradition, 595– 96. 21. Dorgon, Duo’ergun she zheng ri ji, 9a. 22. Miller, State versus Gentry, 160– 63. 23. Wakeman, The Great Enterprise, 634– 39; Zhang Huijian, Ming Qing Jiangsu wenren nianbiao (Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 1986), 590, 611; Zhou Pinghe et al., eds., Beijing tushuguan cang zhenben nianpu congkan (Beijing: Beijing tushuguan chubanshe, 1999), 36a– 37b; Feng Shu, xia, 10a; Sun Zhiwei, “Dai shu ji cheng da xiong bo fa,” ch. 1 in Gai tang qian ji (Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 1979), 8b; Dennerline, The Chia- ting Loyalists, 269– 70. 24. Zhang Huijian, Ming Qing Jiangsu wenren nianbiao, 601; Wakeman, The Great Enterprise, 598– 604; Hilary J. Beattie, “The Alternative to Resistance: The Case of T’ung-ch’eng, Anwei,” in From Ming to Ch’ing: Conquest, Region, and Continuity in Seventeenth- Century China, ed. Jonathan D. Spence and John E. Wills Jr. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979), esp. 260, 264– 66; Guo Songyi, “Jiangnan dizhu jieji yu Qing chu zhongyang jiquan de maodun ji qi fazhan he bianhua,” in Qingdai luncong, di yi ji (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1979), esp. 121–32. 25. Dennerline, The Chia- ting Loyalists, 288–95; Wakeman, The Great Enter- prise, 658– 61. 26.