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The Discovery of Chinese Logic Modern Chinese Philosophy

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The Discovery of Chinese Logic Modern Chinese Philosophy The Discovery of Chinese Logic Modern Chinese Philosophy Edited by John Makeham, Australian National University VOLUME 1 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/mcp. The Discovery of Chinese Logic By Joachim Kurtz LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kurtz, Joachim. The discovery of Chinese logic / by Joachim Kurtz. p. cm. — (Modern Chinese philosophy, ISSN 1875-9386 ; v. 1) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-17338-5 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Logic—China—History. I. Title. II. Series. BC39.5.C47K87 2011 160.951—dc23 2011018902 ISSN 1875-9386 ISBN 978 90 04 17338 5 Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. CONTENTS List of Illustrations ...................................................................... vii List of Tables .............................................................................. ix Preface ......................................................................................... xi Introduction ................................................................................ 1 1. “Chinese Logic” and Logic in China ............................... 2 2. The Argument ................................................................... 6 3. Discovery and Translation ................................................ 9 Chapter One First Encounters: Jesuit Logica in the Late Ming and Early Qing ....................................................................... 21 1. Logic in Jesuit Education .................................................. 22 2. Accommodation and Translation ..................................... 25 3. Logic in Early Jesuit Writings ........................................... 29 4. Logic as the Patterns of Names ........................................ 43 5. Logic as a Syllogistic Trap ................................................ 65 Chapter Two Haphazard Overtures: Logic in Nineteenth-Century Protestant Writings ............................... 89 1. Protestant Authors and Western Knowledge ................... 89 2. The New Organon and Old Ways of Argumentation ......... 95 3. Logic as the Science of Debate ......................................... 104 4. Logic as the Science of Discerning Truth ........................ 118 5. Logic as the Science of Reason ........................................ 125 Chapter Three Great Expectations: Yan Fu and the Discovery of European Logic ................................................. 147 1. The Quest for Certainty .................................................... 148 2. Logic as the Science of Sciences ....................................... 149 3. Logic as a New Style of Reasoning .................................. 154 4. Yan Fu as a Translator of Logic ....................................... 169 5. Logic in the Margins ......................................................... 186 vi contents Chapter Four Spreading the Word: Logic in Late Qing Education and Popular Discourse .......................................... 193 1. Logic in the New School Curricula .................................. 194 2. Logic in New-Style Textbooks .......................................... 203 3. Logic in Symbols, Charts, and Diagrams ......................... 226 4. New Terms for Telling the Truth .................................... 245 5. Luoji, or What’s in a Name? .............................................. 257 Chapter Five Heritage Unearthed: The Discovery of Chinese Logic ........................................................................................ 277 1. All Hail the Pioneers! ........................................................ 278 2. Chinese Logic as Classical Philology ................................ 289 3. Chinese Logic as Buddhist Dialectic ................................. 301 4. Chinese Logic as European Logic .................................... 313 5. Chinese Logic as an Archival Curiosity ........................... 327 Epilogue ...................................................................................... 339 1. Translation and Rupture ................................................... 340 2. From Discovery to Invention ............................................ 344 3. De-modernizing Chinese Logic ......................................... 360 Appendix ..................................................................................... 367 A. Textbooks on Logic Adapted from Japanese, 1902–1911 ......................................................................... 367 B. Logical Terms in Early-Twentieth-Century Textbooks .......................................................................... 370 Bibliography ................................................................................ 425 1. Primary Sources ................................................................. 425 2. Secondary Sources ............................................................. 439 Index ........................................................................................... 463 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 4.1 Fan Diji, Lunlixue wenda, 1903 (1) .................................... 230 4.2 Fan Diji, Lunlixue wenda, 1903 (2) .................................... 230 4.3 Yang Yinhang, Mingxue, 1903 (1) .................................... 232 4.4 Yang Yinhang, Mingxue, 1903 (2) .................................... 232 4.5 Hu Maoru, Lunlixue, 1906 ............................................... 233 4.6 Guo Yaogeng, Zuixin lunlixue gangyao, 1909 ..................... 233 4.7 Lin Kepei, Lunlixue tongyi, 1909 ....................................... 234 4.8 Qian Jiazhi, Mingxue, 1910 (1) ......................................... 236 4.9 Qian Jiazhi, Mingxue, 1910 (2) ......................................... 236 4.10 Zhou Dunyi, Taiji tu, 11th cent. ..................................... 236 4.11 Tian Wuzhao, Lunlixue gangyao, 1903 .............................. 238 4.12 Lunlixue biaojie, 1911/1912 ............................................... 238 4.13 Fan Diji, Lunlixue wenda, 1903 (3) .................................... 240 4.14 Fan Diji, Lunlixue wenda, 1903 (4) .................................... 240 4.15 Chen Wen, Mingxue jiaokeshu, 1911 ................................. 241 4.16 Lunlixue chubu, 1907 .......................................................... 241 4.17 Qian Jiazhi, Mingxue, 1910 (3) ......................................... 242 4.18 Yang Yinhang, Mingxue, 1903 (3) .................................... 243 4.19 Wang Bo, Yanji tu, 13th cent. .......................................... 244 4.20 Xu Qian, Du Sishu congshuo, 14th cent. ........................... 244 4.21 Tang Zuwu, Lunlixue poujie tushuo, 1906 .......................... 246 LIST OF TABLES 1.1 Phonemic Loans in the Mingli tan (1631/1639) ............. 53 1.2 Terms Related to Predicables in the Mingli tan (1631/39) ......................................................................... 56 1.3 Terms Related to Categories in the Mingli tan (1631/39) ......................................................................... 56 1.4 Basic Logical Terms in the Mingli tan (1631/39) ........... 57 1.5 Terms Related to the Syllogism in the Qionglixue (1683) ............................................................................... 80 2.1 Logical Terms in Nineteenth-Century Protestant Works ............................................................................... 141 3.1 Logical Terms in Yan Fu’s Translations ........................ 177 4.1 Terms for Logical Notions in Translations from Japanese, 1902–1911 ....................................................... 254 4.2 Chinese Translations of “Logic”: A Chronological Overview, 1623–1921 ..................................................... 263 B.1 Logical Terms in Early-Twentieth-Century Textbooks (1) ................................................................... 372 B.2 Logical Terms in Early-Twentieth-Century Textbooks (2) ................................................................... 377 B.3 Logical Terms in Early-Twentieth-Century Textbooks (3) ................................................................... 382 B.4 Logical Terms in Early-Twentieth-Century Textbooks (4) ................................................................... 386 B.5 Logical Terms in Early-Twentieth-Century Textbooks (5) ................................................................... 391 B.6 Logical Terms in Early-Twentieth-Century Textbooks (6) ................................................................... 396 B.7 Logical Terms in Early-Twentieth-Century Textbooks (7) ................................................................... 402 B.8 Logical Terms in Early-Twentieth-Century Textbooks (8) ................................................................... 407 B.9 Logical Terms in
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