DOCSLIB.ORG

Animal Communication Animals Are Smarter Than You Think

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Animal Communication Animals are smarter than you think. Joseph Poulshock, PhD It’s not going to be Planet of the Apes any time soon. But animal communicators are still amazing. Key Words/Outline Design Features Animals? • Duality--二重性 Main ! Point • Birds and Duality Vervet Monkeys • Arbitrariness--恣意性 Animals can communicate. They can use symbols or calls to • communicate with each other. When working with humans, • Gray Parrots • Displacement --転位; Stimulus Freedom they can learn to communicate with humans and use human • Koko the Gorilla --刺激反応自由 language in surprising ways. • Lucy the Chimp • Structure Dependence --構造依存性 Kanzi • • Creativity--創造性 • Rico and Chaser • Recursion --帰納 (反復) Once upon a time, N’kisi: Gray Parrot Alex a lady went for a walk, and she met a parrot. The parrot said: N'Kisi is a gray parrot. • New York times, reporting on the death • of Alex. • Aimee Morgana is N’kisi’s human. • He learned more than 100 English • Morgana claims N'Kisi knows 950 words. words. Dr. Irene Pepperberg & Griffin Parrots The Vervet Monkey • Vervet have a special alarm call for each enemy. • Talking birds show the design feature of duality. • A “rraup” for eagles/hawks. • They can learn many words and phrases. • ワシ • Do they produce words and phrases based on structural rules, or • A “chutter” for snakes. are they memorizing chunks? • ヘビ • A “chirp” for lions/leopards. Can Monkeys Talk? • ライオン／ヒョウ The Vervet Monkey Vervet Monkeys • Specific calls for each predator. • They use alarm calls to escape predators. Chimps and Hawk! Run to the center of the tree. Each call shows a different kind of • danger. Each call causes monkeys to • Snake! Stand up and look. respond in a unique way. Gorillas • Leopard! Go to the end of the branches. • Are these calls “arbitrary symbols?” Koko Lucy and Roger Fouts • Koko is a gorilla. He was taught sign. He • Fouts: WHAT THAT? learned *645 signs, with a working vocab Lucy: WHAT THAT? of 375. • • EYE HAT (mask); • Fouts: YOU KNOW. WHAT THAT? • WHITE TIGER (zebra). • Lucy: DIRTY DIRTY. Fouts: WHOSE DIRTY DIRTY? • SORRY BITE SCRATCH (Why?) • BECAUSE MAD (Why mad?) DON’T • Lucy: SUE. KNOW. Lucy and Roger Fouts Lucy Kanzi Kanzi • Fouts: IT NOT SUE. WHOSE THAT? What 2 things are significant about this conversation? • Kanzi is a Bonobo Chimp. He learned • English as a baby. • Why is the researcher wearing the mask? • Lucy: ROGER! • Lucy lied. • On tests, Kanzi gets between 57% and • What is special about Kanzi’s responses? • Fouts: NO! NOT MINE. WHOSE? 74% correct answers. Lucy apologized. • Would you like to try this? • Lucy: LUCY DIRTY DIRTY. SORRY LUCY. • • His answers are above chance. Primates And border collies are the smartest Apes may be the • Primates are the most impressive of the non-human linguists. smartest animals with • They cannot make words from meaningless sounds (no duality). • But they use symbols in an arbitrary (but limited) way. language, but dogs are • They express somme creativity, structure, and displacement. our friends. RICO • Border Collie • Knows 200+ Words • Learns new words. • He remembers. Chaser Chaser Chaser Chaser • In the fourth experiment, In the second experiment, Chaser • In the third experiment, • Four experiments over 3 years with Chaser. • • Chaser GUESSED or INFERRED the meaning of a new word. UNDERSTOOD THE DIFFERENCE between names and commands. • Chaser showed the ability to learn labels for CATEGORIES. • In the first experiment, • • For example, there are four toys in a room. She could understand that “bring” is an action, and “cat” is a • She knew that “ball” referred to one set of objects. • Chaser learned the NAMES of 1022 objects or toys. • • Chaser knows “cat,” “dog,” and “mouse,” but not “pig.” name. • “Toy” referred to another set of objects. • If the researchers said, “Bring the pig,” Chaser could do it. Dogs Conclusions Conclusions Concluding Points • Some animals show minimal language • Compared to human language, animal Complex language is unique to humans. design features. communication is simple. • • Uniqueness of human language • Chaser shows us that dogs are especially adapted to live with • No animal shows all the features. • Animals are clearly not innately supports the idea of an innate humans. • Which design feature do none of the programmed to learn language. grammar acquiring ability. animals show? • Dogs don’t walk on two legs. • Universal Grammar • Recursion. • Gorilla’s don’t speak words. Mr. Ed the Talking and Singing Horse Main ! Point Animals can communicate. They can use symbols or calls to communicate with each other. When working with humans, they can learn to communicate with humans and use human language in surprising ways. .
Recommended publications
  • EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan Paniscus)

    EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan Paniscus)

    EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan paniscus) Editors: Dr Jeroen Stevens Contact information: Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp – K. Astridplein 26 – B 2018 Antwerp, Belgium Email: [email protected] Name of TAG: Great Ape TAG TAG Chair: Dr. María Teresa Abelló Poveda – Barcelona Zoo [email protected] Edition: First edition - 2020 1 2 EAZA Best Practice Guidelines disclaimer Copyright (February 2020) by EAZA Executive Office, Amsterdam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable or other forms without advance written permission from the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). Members of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in these EAZA Best Practice Guidelines has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. EAZA and the EAZA APE TAG make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its reports, publications, and services. However, EAZA does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. EAZA disclaims all liability for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential, or other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation, exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication. Because the technical information provided in the EAZA Best Practice Guidelines can easily be misread or misinterpreted unless properly analysed, EAZA strongly recommends that users of this information consult with the editors in all matters related to data analysis and interpretation.
  • Games and Rules. Game Mechanics for the “Magic Circle” 2018

    Games and Rules. Game Mechanics for the “Magic Circle” 2018

    Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Beat Suter, Mela Kocher, René Bauer u.a. (Hg.) Games and Rules. Game Mechanics for the “Magic Circle” 2018 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/11746 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Buch / book Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Suter, Beat; Kocher, Mela; Bauer, René (Hg.): Games and Rules. Game Mechanics for the “Magic Circle”. Bielefeld: transcript 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/11746. Erstmalig hier erschienen / Initial publication here: https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839443040 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Creative Commons - This document is made available under a creative commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0/ Attribution - Non Commercial - No Derivatives 4.0/ License. For Lizenz zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz more information see: finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Beat Suter, Mela Kocher, René Bauer (eds.) Games and Rules Media Studies | Volume 53 Beat Suter, Mela Kocher, René Bauer (eds.) Games and Rules Game Mechanics for the “Magic Circle” This book has been supported by the Zurich University of the Arts (ZHdK), its GameLab and its Subject Area Game Design. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Na- tionalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de
  • MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School

    MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School

    MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Bridget Christine Gelms Candidate for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy ______________________________________ Dr. Jason Palmeri, Director ______________________________________ Dr. Tim Lockridge, Reader ______________________________________ Dr. Michele Simmons, Reader ______________________________________ Dr. Lisa Weems, Graduate School Representative ABSTRACT VOLATILE VISIBILITY: THE EFFECTS OF ONLINE HARASSMENT ON FEMINIST CIRCULATION AND PUBLIC DISCOURSE by Bridget C. Gelms As our digital environments—in their inhabitants, communities, and cultures—have evolved, harassment, unfortunately, has become the status quo on the internet (Duggan, 2014 & 2017; Jane, 2014b). Harassment is an issue that disproportionately affects women, particularly women of color (Citron, 2014; Mantilla, 2015), LGBTQIA+ women (Herring et al., 2002; Warzel, 2016), and women who engage in social justice, civil rights, and feminist discourses (Cole, 2015; Davies, 2015; Jane, 2014a). Whitney Phillips (2015) notes that it’s politically significant to pay attention to issues of online harassment because this kind of invective calls “attention to dominant cultural mores” (p. 7). Keeping our finger on the pulse of such attitudes is imperative to understand who is excluded from digital publics and how these exclusions perpetuate racism and sexism to “preserve the internet as a space free of politics and thus free of challenge to white masculine heterosexual hegemony” (Higgin, 2013, n.p.). While rhetoric and writing as a field has a long history of examining myriad exclusionary practices that occur in public discourses, we still have much work to do in understanding how online harassment, particularly that which is gendered, manifests in digital publics and to what rhetorical effect.
  • ANNEX 3 ICC-01/09-02/11-67-Anx3 21-04-2011 2/84 EO PT

    ANNEX 3 ICC-01/09-02/11-67-Anx3 21-04-2011 2/84 EO PT

    ICC-01/09-02/11-67-Anx3 21-04-2011 1/84 EO PT No. ICC-01/09-02/11 21-4-11 ANNEX 3 ICC-01/09-02/11-67-Anx3 21-04-2011 2/84 EO PT A PROGRESS REPORT TO THE HON. ATTORNEY-GENERAL BY THE TEAM ON UPDATE OF POST ELECTION VIOLENCE RELATED CASES IN WESTERN, NYANZA, CENTRAL, RIFT-VALLEY, EASTERN, COAST AND NAIROBI PROVINCES MARCH, 2011 NAIROBI ICC-01/09-02/11-67-Anx3 21-04-2011 3/84 EO PT TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER SUBJECT PAGE TRANSMITTAL LETTER IV 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE CASES 7 3. WESTERN PROVINCE 24 3. RIFT VALLEY PROVINCE 30 4. NYANZA PROVINCE 47 5. COAST PROVINCE 62 6. NAIROBI PROVINCE 66 7. CENTRAL PROVINCE 69 8. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 70 9. CONCLUSION 73 10. APPENDICES ICC-01/09-02/11-67-Anx3 21-04-2011 4/84 EO PT APPENDIX (NO.) LIST OF APPENDICES APP. 1A - Memo from CPP to Hon. Attorney General APP.1B - Memo from CPP to Hon. Attorney General APP.1C - Update on 2007 Post Election Violence offences As at 4th March, 2010 (police commissioner’s report) APP. 1D - Update by Taskforce on Gender Based Violence Cases (police commissioner’s report) APP. 2 - Memo to Solicitor- General from CPP APP. 3 - Letter from PCIO Western APP. 4 - Letter from PCIO Rift Valley APP.5 - Cases Pending Under Investigations in Rift Valley on special interest cases APP.6 - Cases where suspects are known in Rift Valley but have not been arrested APP.7 - Letter from PCIO Nyanza APP.8 - Letter from PCIO Coast APP.9 - Letter from PCIO Nairobi APP.10 - Correspondences from the team ICC-01/09-02/11-67-Anx3 21-04-2011 5/84 EO PT The Hon.
  • PROVISCOPE 54, No

    PROVISCOPE 54, No

    VolPROVISCOPE 54, No. 1 PROVIDENCE CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL September 2016 Editors Bella Altobelli ‘17 Colin Martin ‘17 Staff Writers Jessica Baldys ‘17 Magdie Bandyk ‘18 Isabella Bucciferro ‘17 Anna Cabay ‘19 Natalie Deters ‘17 Hailey Dwyer ‘20 Sam Gillooley ‘17 Henry Horak ’18 Shannon Knoebel `17 Mary Mathieu ‘19 Jack McFarland ‘18 Kate Miller ‘17 Joeseph Nugent ‘18 Jack O’Connell ‘18 Zac Pell ‘17 Tori Quinlan ‘20 Ryan Sullivan ‘17 Lexi Vennetti ‘17 Kailey Zych ‘17 Ed Barrett - Faculty Advisor Photography courtesy of Bruce Burns, Jamie O'Brien P ROVIDENCE Catholic High School SUMMER OF SERVICE 1800 W Lincoln Highway New Lenox, IL 60451 Members of the PCHS Habitat for Humanity Club travelled to Baraboo, Wisconson for their 2016 Summer Build Trip. The group helped to prepare a resale shop for the local Habitat for Humanity organization. PCHS students who attended were: Bottom row (left to right), Angelique DeBellis, Monica Tadros, Cassie Rojas, Kiley Duffy; 2nd row: Kate Miller, Faith Morrison, Rachael Wasmund, Haley Troche, Erin Pushic; 3rd row: Ben Owings, Liam Flaherty, Paul Mikuzis, Riley Harper and top row: Ryan Pilon, Owen Flaherty, Ryan Schutter. NOTES FROM YOUR EDITORS Hello Proviscope readers! New school year, new writers and most importantly… new editors! With that said, I would like to formally introduce Colin Martin and I, Isabella Altobelli, to all of you wonderful people out there so you can get to know us better throughout our articles filled with endless cre- ativity. Since both of us are Seniors, we are always busy with college and scholarship to immerse ourselves with dif- hidden talent to light.
  • Understanding and Sharing Intentions: the Origins of Cultural Cognition

    Understanding and Sharing Intentions: the Origins of Cultural Cognition

    BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2005) 28, 000–000 Printed in the United States of America Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural cognition Michael Tomasello, Malinda Carpenter, Josep Call, Tanya Behne, and Henrike Moll Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: We propose that the crucial difference between human cognition and that of other species is the ability to participate with others in collaborative activities with shared goals and intentions: shared intentionality. Participation in such activities requires not only especially powerful forms of intention reading and cultural learning, but also a unique motivation to share psychological states with oth- ers and unique forms of cognitive representation for doing so. The result of participating in these activities is species-unique forms of cultural cognition and evolution, enabling everything from the creation and use of linguistic symbols to the construction of social norms and individual beliefs to the establishment of social institutions. In support of this proposal we argue and present evidence that great apes (and some children with autism) understand the basics of intentional action, but they still do not participate in activities involving joint intentions and attention (shared intentionality). Human children’s skills of shared intentionality develop gradually during the first 14 months of life as two ontogenetic pathways intertwine: (1) the general ape line of understanding others as animate, goal-directed, and intentional agents; and (2) a species-unique motivation to share emotions, experience, and activities with other persons.
  • West African Chimpanzees

    West African Chimpanzees

    Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan West African Chimpanzees Compiled and edited by Rebecca Kormos, Christophe Boesch, Mohamed I. Bakarr and Thomas M. Butynski IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and West African Chimpanzees Action Plan The IUCN Species Survival Commission is committed to communicating important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC’s Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC’s Wildlife Trade Programme and Conser- vation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conser- vation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts, as well as promotion of conservation education, research, and international cooperation. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) provides significant annual operating support to the SSC.
  • Human–Animal Communication*

    Human–Animal Communication*

    AN46CH21-Kulick ARI 26 September 2017 7:48 Annual Review of Anthropology Human–Animal Communication∗ Don Kulick Department of Cultural Anthropology and Ethnology, Uppsala University, 751 26, Uppsala, Sweden; email: [email protected] ANNUAL REVIEWS Further Click here to view this article's online features: t%PXOMPBEmHVSFTBT115TMJEFT t/BWJHBUFMJOLFESFGFSFODFT t%PXOMPBEDJUBUJPOT t&YQMPSFSFMBUFEBSUJDMFT t4FBSDILFZXPSET Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 2017. 46:357–78 Keywords First published as a Review in Advance on August animal studies, animal communicators, animal training, ape language, 7, 2017 companion species, ethics, pets The Annual Review of Anthropology is online at by [email protected] on 11/02/17. For personal use only. anthro.annualreviews.org Abstract https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102116- Since the demise in the 1980s of research by psychologists who attempted 041723 Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 2017.46:357-378. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org to teach human language to apes, a range of other perspectives has arisen Copyright c 2017 by Annual Reviews. ⃝ that explore how humans can communicate with animals and what the pos- All rights reserved sibility of such communication means. Sociologists interested in symbolic ∗This article is part of a special theme on interactionism, anthropologists writing about ontology, equestrian and ca- Human–Animal Interaction. For a list of other articles in this theme, see http://www. nine trainers, people with autism who say they understand animals because annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev- they think like animals, and a ragbag of sundry New Age women who claim an-46-themes to be able to converse with animals through telepathy have started discussing human–animal communication in ways that recast the whole point of think- ing about it.
  • Lucy Britt Masters

    Lucy Britt Masters

    MOURNING AGAIN IN AMERICA: MEMORIAL DAY, MONUMENTS, AND THE POLITICS OF REMEMBRANCE Lucy Britt A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2017 Approved by: Susan Bickford Michael Lienesch Jeff Spinner-Halev © 2017 Lucy Britt ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Lucy Britt: Mourning Again in America: Memorial Day, Monuments, and the Politics of Remembrance (Under the Direction of Susan Bickford) The subjects and modes of mourning undertaken in public are consequential for past and continuing injustices because they indicate what a society cares about remembering and how. Holidays and monuments, as expressions of civil religion, affect how citizens read their history by rejecting or legitimating state violence and war in the future. Counter-narratives such as those from oppressed groups often emerge to challenge dominant narratives of civil religion. Close readers of civil religious ceremonies and markers such as Memorial Day and Confederate memorials should undertake a critical examination of the symbols’ historical meanings. I propose a politics of mourning that leverages the legal doctrine of government speech to reject impartiality and construct a public sphere in which different narratives of history are acknowledged but not all are endorsed. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................
  • The Best Children's Books of the Year [2020 Edition]

    The Best Children's Books of the Year [2020 Edition]

    Bank Street College of Education Educate The Center for Children's Literature 4-14-2020 The Best Children's Books of the Year [2020 edition] Bank Street College of Education. Children's Book Committee Follow this and additional works at: https://educate.bankstreet.edu/ccl Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Bank Street College of Education. Children's Book Committee (2020). The Best Children's Books of the Year [2020 edition]. Bank Street College of Education. Retrieved from https://educate.bankstreet.edu/ccl/ 10 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by Educate. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Center for Children's Literature by an authorized administrator of Educate. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bank Street College of Education Educate The Center for Children's Literature 4-14-2020 The Best Children's Books of the Year [2020 edition] Bank Street College of Education. Children's Book Committee Follow this and additional works at: https://educate.bankstreet.edu/ccl Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Bank Street College of Education. Children's Book Committee (2020). The Best Children's Books of the Year [2020 edition]. Bank Street College of Education. Retrieved from https://educate.bankstreet.edu/ccl/ 10 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by Educate. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Center for Children's Literature by an authorized administrator of Educate. For more information, please contact [email protected].
  • Women Religious

    Women Religious

    Women Religious Sisters of St. Benedict Our Lady of Grace Monastery 1402 Southern Ave., Beech Grove, IN 46107-1197 317-787-3287 Fax: 317-780-2368 Sister Jennifer Mechtild Horner, OSB, Prioress Professed Sisters (living/working in the archdiocese): 47 Congregation of the Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis General Motherhouse and Administration Convent of the Immaculate Conception 22143 Main St., P.O. Box 100, Oldenburg, IN 47036-0100 812-934-2475 Sister Christa Franzer, OSF, Congregational Minister Professed Sisters (living/working in the archdiocese): 137 Discalced Carmelite Nuns Monastery of the Resurrection Theresa Hall 22143 Main St., P.O. Box 260, Oldenburg, IN 47036-0260 812-932-2075 E-mail: [email protected] Sister Jean Alice McGoff, OCD, Prioress Professed Religious: 4 Discalced Carmelite Nuns Monastery of St. Joseph Sisters of Our Lady of Mount Carmel of Terre Haute 59 Allendale, Terre Haute, IN 47802 812-299-1410 E-mail: [email protected] Mother Mary Joseph Nguyen, Prioress Professed Religious: 17 Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods Motherhouse and General Administration 1 Sisters of Providence Rd. St. Mary-of-the-Woods, IN 47876-1089 812-535-3131 Sister Dawn Tomaszewski, SP, General Superior Professed Sisters (living/working in the archdiocese): 159 311 Sisters of St. Benedict (OSB) Our Lady of Grace Monastery 1402 Southern Ave., Beech Grove, IN 46107-1197 .................... 317-787-3287 Website: www.benedictine.com Fax: 317-780-2368 Sister Jennifer Mechtild Horner, OSB, Prioress, [email protected] Sister Mary Ann Koetter, OSB, Subprioress, [email protected] Bartoo, Sr. Mary Mark Ludwig, Sr.
  • AN EXPLORATION of OBJECT-WORD ACQUISITION in CANIS FAMILIARIS By

    AN EXPLORATION of OBJECT-WORD ACQUISITION in CANIS FAMILIARIS By

    AN EXPLORATION OF OBJECT-WORD ACQUISITION IN CANIS FAMILIARIS by Brianna L. Artz A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Psychology Committee: ___________________________________________ Director ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Department Chairperson ___________________________________________ Dean, College of Humanities and Social Sciences Date: _____________________________________ Summer Semester 2019 George Mason University Fairfax, VA An Exploration of Object-Word Acquisition in Canis familiaris A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at George Mason University by Brianna L. Artz Bachelor of Science George Mason University, 2017 Director: Doris Bitler Davis, Professor Department of Psychology Summer Semester 2019 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Copyright 2019 Brianna L. Artz All Rights Reserved ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my amazing grandfather, John H. Cameron. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Kirk and Doris Davis for their endless support of my research dreams. I would also like to thank Erin Murdoch and Linda Chrosniak for their roles as committee members and wonderful mentors. Thank you to Megan Tiller for help entering and organizing my data. Finally, thank you to all of my family and friends who supported me throughout this process. iv TABLE