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Proses Dan Makna Simbolik Kerajinan Rencong Aceh Produksi H. Harun Keuchik Leumik

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Proses Dan Makna Simbolik Kerajinan Rencong Aceh Produksi H. Harun Keuchik Leumik PROSES DAN MAKNA SIMBOLIK KERAJINAN RENCONG ACEH PRODUKSI H. HARUN KEUCHIK LEUMIK SKRIPSI Diajukan kepada Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Persyaratan guna Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Oleh: Rahmat Ramadhan NIM 08207241021 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN SENI KERAJINAN JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN SENI RUPA FAKULTAS BAHASA DAN SENI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA 2012 ii iii PERNYATAAN Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya Nama : Rahmat Ramadhan NIM : 08207241021 Program Studi : Pendidikan Seni Kerajinan Fakultas : Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah ini adalah hasil pekerjaan saya sendiri. Sepanjang pengetahuan saya, karya ilmiah ini tidak berisi materi yang ditulis oleh orang lain, kecuali bagian-bagian tertentu yang saya ambil sebagai acuan dengan mengikuti tata cara dan etika penulisan karya ilmiah yang lazim. Apabila ternyata terbukti bahwa pernyataan ini tidak benar, sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab saya. iv MOTTO Barang siapa menuntut ilmu, maka Allah akan memudahkan baginya jalan menuju surga. Dan tidaklah berkumpul suatu kaum disalah satu dari rumah-rumah Allah ,mereka membaca kitabullah dan saling mengajarkannya diantara mereka, kecuali akan turun kepada meraka ketenangan, diliputi dengan rahmah, dikelilingi oleh para Malaikat, dan Allah akan menyebut-nyebut mereka kepada siapa saja yang ada disisi-Nya. Barang siapa perlambat-lambat dalam amalannya, niscaya tidak akan bisa dipercepat oleh nasabnya. (H.R Muslim dalam Shahih-nya). v PERSEMBAHAN Teriring rasa syukur kepada Allah SWT, kupersembahkan karya tulisku ini kepada: Kedua orang tuaku Mariani, S. Pd dan Abu bakar, yang telah memberikan semangat hidup, mendidik dan membesarkanku dengan penuh kesabaran, ketabahan dan ketegaran... disertai doa dan kasih sayang yang tulus... Keluarga besarku serta rekan-rekanku semuanya yang telah memberikan kesempatan dan dukungan untuk study, terimakasih atas doa dan motivasinya. Bagi jiwa yang memeluk jiwaku, hati yang mencurahkan rahasia-rahasia hatinya pada hatiku vi KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur saya panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT. Berkat rahmat, hidayah dan inayah-Nya akhirnya saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan guna memperoleh gelar sarjana. Penulisan skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan karena bantuan dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu saya menyampaikan terima kasih kepada Prof. Dr. Rochmat Wahab, M. Pd., M.A. selaku Rektor Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Prof. Dr. Zamzani, M.Pd. selaku Dekan Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, dan Bapak Mardiyatmo, M.Pd. selaku Ketua Jurusan Pendidikan Seni Rupa. Dr. I Ketut Sunarya, M.Sn. sebagai Koordinator Program Studi Pendidikan Seni Kerajinan dan sekaligus sebagai penguji utama yang telah memberikan kesempatan dan berbagai kemudahan kepada saya. Rasa hormat, terima kasih dan penghargaan setinggi-tingginya saya sampaikan kepada pembimbing, yaitu Iswahyudi, M.Hum. yang penuh kesabaran, kearifan, dan bijaksana telah memberikan bimbingan, arahan dan dorongan yang tidak henti-hentinya disela-sela kesibukannya. Ucapan terima kasih juga saya sampaikan kepada Bapak Asnawi, Ibu Dra. Endeh Warningsih, dan para pengkriya, atas kerja samanya dalam proses penelitian Tugas Akhir Skripsi ini. Ibu bapak, dan keluarga besar di Aceh, Nenek dan adik-adik yang selalu memberikan perhatian, pengertian, kasih sayang dan teman-teman angkatan 2008 yang tidak dapat saya sebutkan satu persatu yang selalu memberikan do’a dan dukungannya. Penulis sadar sepenuhnya apabila dalam penulisan ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Mudah-mudahan karya ilmiah ini dapat bermanfaat bagi yang membutuhkannya. Yogyakarta, 17 Oktober 2012 Penulis, Rahmat Ramadhan vii DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ....................................................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................ iii HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ....................................................................... iv MOTTO ......................................................................................................... v PERSEMBAHAN .......................................................................................... vi KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................... vii DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. viii DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................... xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. xiii ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 1 A. Latar Belakang ................................................................................... 1 B. Identifikasi Masalah ........................................................................... 13 C. Batasan Masalah ................................................................................. 14 D. Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................. 14 E. Tujuan Penelitin ................................................................................. 14 F. Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................. 14 BAB II KAJIAN TEORI ................................................................................ 16 A. Tinjauan Kerajinan Logam ................................................................ 16 B. Tinjauan Tentang Sejarah Rencong Aceh ......................................... 18 C. Macam-Macam Rencong Aceh .......................................................... 21 D. Tinjauan Tentang Funsi Rencong Dalam Kehidupan Masyaraka Aceh………………………………………………………………... 25 E. Tinjauan Tentang Nilai Estetik dan Makna Simbolik……………… 27 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN................................................................. 34 A. Jenis Penelitian ................................................................................... 34 viii B. Data dan Sumber Data ........................................................................ 35 C. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................................. 36 1. Teknik Observasi ........................................................................... 36 2. Teknik Wawancara......................................................................... 37 3. Teknik Dokumentasi ...................................................................... 38 D. Instrumen Penelitian ........................................................................... 39 1. Pedoman Wawancara ..................................................................... 40 2. Pedoman Observasi ........................................................................ 40 3. Pedoman Dokumentasi .................................................................. 40 E. Teknik Pemeriksaan Keabsahan Data ................................................ 41 F. Teknik Analisis Data .......................................................................... 42 1. Reduksi Data .................................................................................. 43 2. Penyajian Data ............................................................................... 44 3. Menarik Kesimpulan atau Verifikasi ............................................. 44 BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................... 45 A. Keberadaan Kerajinan Rencong…………………………………… 45 1. Peran Tokoh H. Harun Keuchik Leumik ....................................... 45 2. Geografis Desa…………………………………………………. 46 3. Rencong Dalam Pespektif Budaya Aceh……………………… .. 49 4. Tujuan Berdirinya Kerajinan Rencong………………………… .. 60 5. Perkembangan Kerajinan Rencong…………………………… ... 61 6. Jenis-Jenis Rencong Produksi H. Harun Keuchik Leumik…….. 62 7. Keadaan Perusahaan……………………………………………. 66 B. Bentuk Umum Kerajinan Rencong H. Harun Keuchik Leumik ........ 68 1. Bentuk Umum Rencong Aceh………………………………….. 68 2. Bentuk Motif Rencong Aceh Produksi H. Harun Keuchik Leumik…………………………………………... ........................ 73 3. Teknik Membuat Motif Pada Rencong………………………... 75 4. Fungsi Motif Pada Rencong…………………………………... .. 76 C. Proses Pembuatan Kerajinan Rencong............................................... 76 1. Bahan dan Alat…………………………………………………. 77 ix 2. Proses Desain…………………………………………………… . 81 3. Proses Pengerjaan Kerajinan Rencong………………………… .. 81 4. Finishing………………………………………………………… 88 D. Fungsi Rencong Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Aceh……… ......... 90 E. Nilai Estetik dan Makna Simbolik……………... .............................. 95 BAB V PENUTUP ......................................................................................... 98 A. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................ 98 B. Saran ................................................................................................... 100 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................... 101 LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................... 103 x DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 1 : Lokasi Penelitian .................................................................
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