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The Effects of Using Translation Strategy To THE EFFECTS OF USING TRANSLATION STRATEGY TO OVERCOME CULTURAL PROBLEMS IN TRANSLATING WORDS RELATED TO TOOLS IN BUMI MANUSIA BY PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER INTO THIS EARTH OF MANKIND TRANSLATED BY MAX LANE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By JAMIL NUR ARDIANSAH Student Number: 034214104 ENGLISH LETTER STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2008 THE EFFECTS OF USING TRANSLATION STRATEGY TO OVERCOME CULTURAL PROBLEMS IN TRANSLATING WORDS RELATED TO TOOLS IN BUMI MANUSIA BY PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER INTO THIS EARTH OF MANKIND TRANSLATED BY MAX LANE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By JAMIL NUR ARDIANSAH Student Number: 034214104 ENGLISH LETTER STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2008 i ii iii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma : Nama : JAMIL NUR ARDIANSAH Nomor Mahasiswa : 034214104 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul : THE EFFECTS OF USING TRANSLATION STRATEGY TO OVERCOME CULTURAL PROBLEMS IN TRANSLATING WORDS RELATED TO TOOLS IN BUMI MANUSIA BY PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER INTO THIS EARTH OF MANKIND TRANSLATED BY MAX LANE beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupaun memberikan royalty kepada saya selamA tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyatan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal : 11 March 2008 iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY This is to certify that all ideas, phrases, sentences, unless otherwise stated, are the ideas, phrases, and sentences of the thesis writer. The writer understands the full consequences including degree cancellation if she took somebody else’s ideas, phrases, or sentences without proper references. Yogyakarta, March 06, 2008 Jamil Nur Ardiansah v v …qul hal yastawii, aladziina ya’lamuuna walladziina laa ya’lamuun. Innamaa yatadzakkaru uululalbaab (39:9). (…Katakanlah: “Samakah orang-orang yang berpengetahuan dengan orang-orang yang tidak berpengetahuan? Sesungguhnya yang mendapat pelajaran hanyalah orang-orang yang mempunyai pikiran.) v Seorang terpelajar harus juga berlaku adil sudah sejak dalam pikiran, apalagi perbuatan. Itulah arti terpelajar (Pramoedya Ananta Toer) v Every thing that happened to me creates me. Every, even, small thing around me. It can be every single drop of tears, single track of footsteps, or flowing wind caressing my face. Fear taught me how to bring light inside the dark… vi Allah SWT Muhammad SAW Father Mother Brothers and Sisters …and for May, who stands right behind me in every prayer. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Alhamdulillah, I would like to praise Allah SWT firstly for all the gift and blessings during the process of this undergraduate thesis writing. I would also like to thank my mother for every single word and tears she had during all-day long prayers, my father for every single drop of sweat he spent, my family for all patient and care. I am very grateful to my advisor Ms. Adventina Putranti, S.S., M. Hum and Mr. Harris H. S, S. S., M. Hum in guiding me during this undergraduate thesis writing with her advice, suggestion and patience. My gratitude also goes to all staff of the Faculty of Letters for helping me during my study. Many thanks must also be given to all students of English Letters 2003, my best: maya, denok, ike, sondang, ika, leni, al, elis, gembus, mei, ketut, nani, daud, muji, wahyu, damn-muz, mando, bigar, tyo, abit, dewi, yuni, punk Ve, susilo and all sastra mungil members, 2004s galih, roni, adit, martha, femme, ison, tita, patrick, ucok, pita, april, for having been so many memories with me; pak dammar, bu endut, mba umi, mas yoko-yoso, andika, hijrah, handi, bowo, yoga, mas nunung, sunar, mas arif, bebek, wiwik, and all HMI members for all laugh, smile and time we spent; home sweet home kampret, serge, cecep, sekar, pipit, sate; and also for my sweet November, May, for all warm-tight hug, tears, happiness, ambition and love she shared. Lastly, I would like to thank all people who helped me during my study in Sanata Dharma who are too many to mention. J.N. Ardiansah viii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE................................................................................................................... i APPROVAL PAGE ......................................................................................................... ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE.................................................................................................... iii MOTTO PAGE................................................................................................................ iv DEDICATION PAGE ..................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENT...................................................................................................vii ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................... ix ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1 A. Background of the Study .................................................................................. 1 B. Problem Formulation........................................................................................ 4 C. Objectives of the Study..................................................................................... 5 D. Definition of Terms........................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW ................................................................. 7 A. Review on Related Theories ............................................................................. 7 1. Definition of Translation............................................................................. 7 2. Principles of Translation............................................................................. 8 3. Problems in Translation..............................................................................10 4. Equivalence.................................................................................................13 a. Equivalence at Word Level...................................................................13 b. Equivalence above Word Level............................................................14 c. Grammatical Equivalence.....................................................................14 d. Textual Equivalence..............................................................................15 e. Pragmatic Equivalence..........................................................................15 5. Lexical Equivalents.....................................................................................16 a. Modifying a generic word with descriptive phrase...............................16 b. Modifying a loan word..........................................................................17 c. Using cultural substitution....................................................................17 6. Translation Strategies at Word Level..........................................................17 a. Translation by superordinate.................................................................18 b. Translation by less expressive word .....................................................18 c. Translation by cultural substitution......................................................18 d. Translation by loan word (plus explanation) ........................................18 e. Translation by paraphrase using a related word....................................19 f. Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word ..................................19 g. Translation by omission........................................................................19 h. Translation by illustration.....................................................................19 7. Meaning in Translation..................................................................................19 8. Loss, Gain, Wrong Translation, and Accurate Translation..........................20 B. Theoretical Framework ......................................................................................21 ix CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY..............................................................................23 A. Object of the Study...........................................................................................23 B. Approach of the Study......................................................................................24 C. Method of Study................................................................................................24 D. Data Collection.................................................................................................25
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