sign in sign up
<<
Home , Aluminaut

April 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8185 The motion was agreed to; and

MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE AMENDING IMMIGRATION AND NA­ section itemizes the general classes of TIONALITY ACT aliens ineligible to receive visas and ex­ A message from the Senate, by Mr. cluded from admission to the United Anington, one of its clerks, announced Mr. HANLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask States. For the purposes of H.R. 14320, that the .Senate had passed a b111 and a unanimous consent to address the House such review can be limited to the inad­ concurrent resolution of the following for 1 minute and to revise and extend my missibility of mentally retarded aliens. titles, in which the concurrence of the remarks. It will also be necessary, in justifying the House is requested: The SPEAKER. Is there objection need for the bill, to examine the per­ S. 2822. An act to amend various provisions to the request of the gentleman from formance of the U.S. Public Health Serv­ of the laws administered by the Farm Credit New York? · ice in the development of regulations to Administration to improve operations there­ There was no objectfon. under, and for other purposes; and guide the medical determinations of Mr. HANLEY. Mr. Speaker, on April mental retardation in the examination S. Con. Res. 85. Concurrent resolution con­ 6, I introduced H~R. 14320, a bill to gratulating Astronauts Neil Armstrong and of aliens. In order to further explain David R. Scott. amend the Immigration and Nationality why I introduced H.R. 14320, I shall re­ Act, as amended, so that aliens who are view for my colleagues two cases which deemed ineligible to receive an immi­ have been brought to my attention and grant visa because of a mental defect AUTHOR~ING CONVEYANCE OF which demonstrate most graphically may be accorded the same opportunity, why there is a pressing need for change. CERTAIN LANDS TO THE STATE under the same conditions, which is OF UTAH I also intend to comment on the possi­ given to aliens deemed ineligible because bility that the Public Health Service may Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I ·ask of mental retardation; to request that not need further congressional direction unanimous consent to take from the their exclusion be waiveu. to right the wrongs which now. exist. Speaker's table the bill (8. 265) to au­ In order to present in an intelligible thorize conveyance of certain lands to manner the reasons and the need for LEGISLATIVE HISTORY the State of Utah based upon fair market this legislation, I must review the legisla­ Senate Report No. 1515 of the 81st value, with amendments of the House tive history of section 212 of the Im­ Congress, entitled "The Immigration thereto, insist on the House amendments. migration and Nationality Act. This and Naturalization Systems of the United /

8186 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April is, 1966 States," reviewed the history of medical orders occurring in such conditions as to the attention of Congress the facts exclusions in our immigration law. infections of the nervous system; for about modern medical developments and Aliens who were "idiots" were barred in example, in behavior disorders of epi­ ask that the Congress reconsider its in­ 1891. In the act of February 20, 1907, demic encephalitis, to classify more se­ tent in light of such developments. "imbeciles," "feebleminded persons," verely disabling neuroses and conduct To be even more specific, I am very and persons "affiicted with a mental de­ and habit disorders of adults and chil­ critical of the Public Health Service be­ fect" were added to the list of those dren, and to classify those persons who cause it has seen fit to use the term excluded on medical grounds. In the are likely to be brought into repeated "mental defect" on children who are, act of February 5, 1917, the excludable conflict with social customs, authority, according to progressive medical think­ classes were assembled. Senate Report or society in general. ing, mentally retarded. That term No. 352 of the 64th Congress contained What the report failed to point out is "mental defect" which the Public Health language which explained reasons for ex­ the fact that the Public Health Service Service has described to be very useful, cluding mentally defective persons: was using and has continued to this day has become perhaps too useful in that it The real reason for excluding the mentally to use mental defect to classify severely is being used to a void some very hard defective is to prevent the introduction into mentally retarded children. It is this and deep thinking on the meaning of the country of strains of mental defect that last usage that has prompted the intro­ mental retardation. Could it be the in­ may continue and multiply through suc­ duction of H.R. 14320. tent of Congress that such a term be ceeding generations. This brings us to the 1965 amendments used to classify severely mentally 1·e­ This change was made only after con­ to the Immigration and Nationality Act, tarded chUdren? Why then is the term sultation with persons of knowledge and P~blic Law 89-236. This act made it pos­ linked in the same paragraph with such experience and is in line with the well­ sible for aliens who were excluded and grounds of exclusion as psychopathic established public policy of rigidly ex­ inadmissible because of mental retarda­ personality and sexual deviation? What, cluding the mentally deficient. tion, section 212(a) (1), to request a indeed, does the severely mentally re­ Senate Report No. 1515, concluding its waiver of their exclusion, in cases where tarded child have in common with the review of the medical exclusions, sug­ the aliens were close relatives of U.S. psychopathic personality or the sexual gested that the phrase "psychopathic citizens. Let me direct your attention deviate? personality" be included in new legisla­ to the testimony of Dr. Andrew Sackett, · Senate Report No. 748 of the 89th tion as a substitute for "constitutional Deputy Chief of the Bureau of Medical Congress which accompanied H.R. 2580, psychopathic inferiority," and it also Services of the U.S. Public Health Serv­ stated that the term "feebleminded" was suggested that the classes of mentally ice, before the Immigration Subcommit­ being deleted and the words "mentally defectives be enlarged to include homo­ tee of the House. Dr. Sackett, in sup­ retarded" inserted in its place in order sexuals and other sex perverts. porting the change in language from to conform the Immigration and Natu­ House Report No. 1365, which accom­ feebleminded to mentally retarded, said ralization Act with modern medical panied the Walter-McCarran Act of that this was a change in nomenclature terminology. One would hope that 1952, stated that the act would make with significant implications. He said there is more to this than just a change more definitive the excluded classes of it connotes a change in attitude toward in mere nomenclature, but this hope is undesirable aliens. With respect to the the mentally retarded. He said that the in vain. medical exclusions, these were reex­ change would fit into the proposed sub­ In 1959, 7 long years ago, under the amined in the light of information made stantive changes which would permit the auspices of the American Association on available by the Public Health Service. family with a mentally retarded child Mental Deficiency, a "Manual on Termi­ That Public Health Service report rec­ to remain together, or to be reunited with nology and Classification in Mental Re­ ommended the basic classification of assurances that the services necessary tardation" was prepared. The develop­ medically excludable aliens which re­ for the retarded child will be provided ment of this manual was supported by a mains in the law today. Section 212 without becoming a public charge. special grant from the Public Health (a) (1) of the Walter-McCarran Act pro­ What he did not say was that this pro­ Service. Let me quote the foreword to vided for the exclusion of aliens who are gressive and humanitarian gesture ap­ the manual: feebleminded. The Public Health Serv­ plied only to mentally retarded children This manual will prove of much signifi­ ice had suggested the language "aliens who are not severely mentally retarded. cance to all persons concerned with those PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE who are mentally retarded. For many years who are idiots, imbeciles, or morons," but progress in research and treatment has been House Report No. 1365 preferred to use This then is the progress which we greatly retarded by the chaotic status of the term "feebleminded," referring to the have made since 1891, and what it terminology and classification in the field of extensive body of judicial and adminis­ amounts to is this: that an alien who is mental retardation. This document con­ trative decisions pertinent to the mean­ classified as mentally retarded, accord­ tributes substantially to the clarification of ing of the term "feebleminded." The ing to the Public Health Service "Man­ this preva111ng confusion and, consequently, Service gave no indication to the com­ ual for the Medical Examination of promises to become a landmark in the course mittee that anything had happened in Aliens," may have his exclusion waived of progress in mental retardation. the field of medicine since 1891 to war­ under certain conditions, if he is a close The manual defines mental retarda­ rant any closer look at this exclusion. family relative of an American citizen. tion as referring to subaverage general The Public Health Service report had An additional purpose of H.R. 14320 1s intellectual functioning which originates much to say about the exclusions listed to bring out into tlie open the question­ during_the developmental period and is in section 212(a) (4); psychopathic per­ able usage of the term "mental retarda­ associated with impairment in one or sonality, epilepsy, or mental defect. tion" in that manual. Aliens who are more of the following: First, matura­ However, no remarks were made about really mentally retarded and who are the tion; second, learning; and third, social this curious grouping evident in para­ children of U.S. citizens are denied the adjustment. The manual further indi­ graph 4. About mental defect, the Pub­ opportunity to make a request for a cates that for medical purposes, mental lic Health Service report said that the waiver of the grounds of their exclusion retardation is regarded as a manifesta­ term served a useful purpose, that it despite the fact that this 89th Congr-ess tion of some underlying disease process bore no relationship to mental deficiency has made it the law of the land that they or medical condition. The manual goes which is related to the intellectual status have this opportunity. on to list a number of etiologic or casual of the individual. The report said that To be very specific, I am saying that groupings to be used in classifying men­ mental defect was a broad and sweeping the Public Health Service and its "Man­ tal retardation. term used as a safeguard for classifying ual for the Medical Examination of Dr. Sackett was questioned about the those aliens who would not fit into any Aliens" have failed completely to keep meaning of the term "mental retarda­ of the previous categories. The report abreast of modern developments in timi" during the 1965 hearings before the gave some examples of the use of the terminology and in classification of men­ House Immigration Subcommittee. The term; for example, to classify a fairly tal retardation. I want to be completely actual question regarded the difference large group of hereditary disturbances, fair here, and if the Public Health Serv­ between mental retardation and mental which at the time of examination could ice feels that the intent of Congress pre­ defect. Dr. Sackett said that mental re­ not be included in above classifications, cludes it from taking official note of tardation involved a deficiency of intel­ to classify progressive personality dis- these developments, then it should bring lectual capacity that has been lifelong, April 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8187 and he said that mental defect could be The "Manual on Terminology and The SPEAKER. Is there objection intellectual deficiency resulting from a Classification in Mental Retardation" to the request of the gentleman from physical cause, such as an injury or-dis­ makes use of a set of major etiologic or Florida? ease. What Dr. Sackett describes as causal divisions which are similar to There was no objection. mental defect-section 212(a) <4>-the groupings developed by the American Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, there is in­ American Association on Mental Defi­ Medical Association in 1952. The man­ creasing comment about the construc­ ciency describes as mental retardation. ual then sets up a simplified medical tion of anti-ballistic-missile defenses by Furthermore, the "Manual for the Medi­ classification which delineates mental re­ the Russians. There is growing appre-:­ cal Examination of Aliens," a Public tardation associated with each of the hension that the Russians are ahead of Health Service manual, says that feeble­ etiologic groupings. The Public Health the in this important area. mindedness is a legal term equivalent to Service, however, classified the children At least, our best information tells us the medical term "mental deficiency." of whom I spoke earlier as mental defects they are constructing anti-ballistic-mis­ It tells the examining physician that this and not mentally retarded on the basis sile defenses, whereas the United States condition may be defined to exist in a of disease or injuries or conditions which is not doing so. They would hardly be persoQ who exhibits such a degree of are easily found within the simplified constructing them if they were not confi­ mental retardation existing from birth or medical classification of mental retarda­ dent they had developed an effective de­ acquired at an early age that his com­ tion. fense system. Our defense leaders tell mon knowledge, retentiveness of mem­ Before I conclude my remarks, I would us ballistic missile defenses are at best ory, reasoning power, learning capacities, like to bring to the attention of my col­ uncertain and the cost is tremendous. and general mental reactions are sev­ leagues here what has happened or what They also state that whether or not we erally and distinctly below those normally will continue to happen if some changes have ballistic missile defenses, a nuclear exhibited by the average of the same age are not made. It was easy for the Public attack will kill millions of people. and race living under similar environ­ Health Service before 1965 because it To me it is equally significant that ment. The inanual adds that the condi­ made no difference how you classified a these defenses may save the lives of addi­ tion may be divided into several grades, person as long as the person-had some­ tional millions, and they would add to depending on the severity. However, the thing which would render him inadmis­ the difficulty of a knockout blow by the Public Health Service cautions the physi­ sible into the United States. Now that Russians. Sometimes I wonder if we are cians in this manual, prepared in 1963, the Congress has declared that mentally directing our emphasis in the right di­ that there are certain diseases in which retarded aliens shall be given the oppor­ rection. A fully effective anti-ballistic­ mental deficiency is merely a symptom of tunity to be reunited with their families missile system covering all major areas the basic pathologic process. Now I in America, it is time for the Public would cost an estimated $20 to $30 bil­ place this last sentence up against the Health Service to find out what the term lion. Coincidentally, that is the statement made above that mental re­ means. And in that search I recom­ amount we will spend to get a man on tardation, for medical purposes, is re­ mend to them the manual which they the moon. Which is more important to garded as a manifestation of some under­ helped to pay for back in 1959. I know the survival of America? lying disease process or medical condi­ that there are conditions to be met with The truth of the matter is that Amer­ and much to be determined before a ica can afford both. Improvements in tion. It would seem to me, as a layman, waiver can be granted by the Attorney that some conflict exists here. Perhaps the art of ballistic missile defense will General, and all I want to see happen is make it possible for us to get very sig­ it is the kind of conflict that the Ameri­ that U.S. citizens who have mentally can Association on Mental Deficiency at­ nificant protection for much less money retarded children abroad who they would than the amount stated above. More im­ tempted t0 clear up for the sake of prog­ like to have with them and whose care ress in 1959 with funds from the Public portant than·money is the fact that the they are well able to furnish, have the Russians are building such a system. Health Service. Is it possible that the opportunity to ask. What does a Con­ very Public Health Service which con­ Thus, they have a significant lead on us gressman tell a parent-that his or her in a key area, and the United States can· tributed funds to clear up confusion has child is classified along with sex perverts not afford to ignore this situation any not yet seen fit to take advantage of what and psychopaths, and therefore the child longer. We have lost much valuable it helped pay for? cannot come to America? time already. We should move out sig­ It would seem to me, again as a lay­ In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, I am rais­ nificantly in the field of anti-ballistic­ man, that what Dr. Sackett told the Con­ ing three questions. First, is it the in­ missile defense this year. This is what gress he considered mental defect is tent of Congress to make a distinction the experts recommend. Certainly if the what the American Association on between the mentally retarded alien and Russians can afford a man-on-the-moon Mental Deficiency considers mental re­ the alien whose mental retardation is as­ program and an anti-ballistic-missile tardation. I very strongly urge all of sociated with a certain disorder, disease program, the United States can do so those who are interested in mental re­ or injury? Keeping in mind that the too. tardation and who have some profes­ American Association on Mental Defi­ sional competence to read side by side the ciency believes that mental retardation Public Health Service's manual and the itself is a manifestation of some under­ THE LATE Mil.JTON J. SILBERMAN American association's manual to see if lying disease process or medical condi­ Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, my interpretation is right or wrong. tion, I ask this question. , Second, if this Mr. Speaker, I would be unaware of all I ask unanimous consent to address the distincton is not the intent of Congress, House for 1 minute and to revise and this if it were not for the fact that two why has the Public Health Service main­ very tragic cases have been brought to tained it as grounds for excluding from extend my remarks. my attention which involve American the United States the children of U.S. The SPEAKER. Is there objection citizens whose children are not allowed citizens by labeling the children mental to the requ~st of the gentleman from to come to America. I believe that the defects? Keeping in mind that mental Illinois? children are severely mentally retarded, defect came into the law in 1907 to keep There was no objection. and I am confident that many American the Nation free from weird and fright­ Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, physicians who know something about ful blood lines, I ask this second question. it is with deep sorrow that I announce modern developments in mental retarda­ Third, if this was the intent of Congress, to the House the passing of a great tion would be inclined to agree with me. is it not the time for this Congress to re­ Chicagoan who was well known to many Perhaps not. The point here is that the view the decisions of the past in the light Members of this body and by all was manual of the Public Health Service of the tremendous advances of modern held in warm affection. gives its examining physicians no choice medical science? Milton J. Silberman, a vice president as to how to classify these children. of Exchange National Bank of Chicago, They have mental defects. I challenge La Salle and Adams Streets, and well­ the usage of that term on these children. ANTI-BALLISTIC-MISSILE SYSTEM known leader in local, national, and in­ I believe it is archaic, outmoded, and sur­ Mr. SIKES. ·Mr. Speaker, I ask unan• ternational Jewish affairs, died Mon­ rounded with complacent ignorance or imous consent to address the House for 1 day, April .11, 1966, at Sydney R. For­ incompetence, when it is used in cases minute and to revise and extend my kosh Memorial Hospital, Chicago. He like this. remarks. was 56 years old. 8188 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 18, 1966 For many years he had been my close Mr. Silberman died 3 days prior to his "who became fully involved with life wher­ and valued friend. I shall miss him 57th birthday. He is survived by his wife, ever he might be." sorely. His was a life of nobility in its the former Millie Hymanson, and his two NATIVE OF CALIFORNIA finest expression. · children, Aviva Iris and Alan Harvey. He was born in Hollywood. His father was Mr. Silberman joined· Exchange Na­ To them I extend my deepest sympathy Wellington E. Wales, business manager of tional Bank in 1952 as a member of the and in that expression I know I am joined Famous Players-Lasky (later Paramount Pic­ business development department. He by many of my colleagues. tures, Inc.), and his mother was an actress. ~oon rose to the position of vice pres­ Duke Wales received an A.B. degree from ident. Dartmouth College in 1938 and an M.S. de- WELLINGTON WALES gree from the Graduate School of' Journalism Bom in New York City and educated of Columbia University in 1940. at Columbia University, he had been a Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- While at Columbia, he became an assist- resident of Chicago since 1933. Prior to imous consent to revise and extend my ant picture editor for Acme Newspictures. coming to the bank, he was sole owner remarks at this point in the RECORD and In 1942 he joined the Army as a private. He of the wholesale drug house of Silver include extraneous matter. served 4 years, two of them in the European, Drugs. During World War II, he was Pacific and China-Burma-India theaters. Chairman of the Price Control Board The SPEAKER. Is there 'Objection He was a combat photographer and J.ater a of the omce of Price Administrator, and to the request of the gentleman from photo ofllcer. He was discharged as a captain. New York? He returned to Acme in 1946 and soon was commander of Chicago's Civil De­ There was no objection. joined the Sunday statf of the Times, where fense Corps. He had also served for 5 Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, on Sunday, he did captions, rewriting, makeup, and edit­ years on Mayor Daley's Committee on April 10, the life of one of New York's ing. Human Relations. finest journalists came to a sudden and In 1949, after a brief' sojourn as a copy Milton J. Silberman was especially , editor on the Reporter magazine, he became lauded by Chicagoans for his significant untimely end. Just 2 days after the editor of' a small daily newspaper, the Auburn leadership in both national and inter­ tragic death of his son, Wellington Wales (N.Y.) Citizen-Advertiser. In 1950-51 he was national Jewish organizations. He of the editorial board of the New York a Nieman Fellow in journalism at Harvard, Times died of a heart attack. specializing in the study of city govern- served as vice president of the Zionist Wellington Wales' career as a journal- ment. Twice he was a Pulitzer Prize juror. Organization of America, as vice chair­ 1st was colorful and varied. He was a He remained with the Citizen-Advertiser man of its national advisory committee, 1954 war correspondent in southeast Asia, a until · and as president of the Zionist Organiza­ reporter for the Boston Herald, an editor That year he became a reporter for the tion of Chicago. of a newspaper in the Virgin Islands, and Boston Herald. Mornings he taught journal- He attended the 21st, 22d, 23d, and ism at Boston University. Then he went to 24th World Zionist Congresses, and in editor of the editorial page of the Knick- the Boston bureau of the United Press. Next December 1964 was elected a deputy of erbocker News in Albany, N.Y. Last he was managing editor of' Woman's Day the World Zionist Actions Committee in July he became a member of the edi- magazine from 1955 to 1957. Jerusalem. He also served the Zionist torial board of the New York Times. In 1957 Mr. Wales was appointed publicity Organization as national vice chairman While on the Times editorial board, director of the State commerce department. Wales was a careful student of city and In August 1958, he went to the Virgin of its emergency council. State politics and very much concerned Islands to establish a venture that included He was significantly active in the Jew­ with problems of health. His editorials , glass-bottom boat tours, and ish National Fund, having served as Chi­ deep sea fishing. He also taught water cago's and the Midwest president and as and persona1 warmth will, indeed, be skiing and sailing. Next he bought and op- vice chairman of the Jewish National missed. erated a bulldozer on the island of' St. John. Fund of America. He was also national Mr. Speaker, I would like to include at He expanded and founded a roadbuilding chairman of the Jewish National Fund this point in the RECORD the New York concern, Wales Roads, Inc. He also started Times editorial tribute to Wellington a liquor business. He was news director of of the Zionist Organization of America. Wales and the obituaries from the New a television station and then associate editor Mr. Silberman also acted as chairman York Times and the Herald Tribune, of' the Daily News of the Virgin Islands. In of the Illinois Conference of Jewish Or­ which appeared on April ll. 1962 Mr. Wales became chief editorial writer ganizations, a consulting body to all Jew­ for the Knickerbocker News in Albany, N.Y. ish organizations in the State; as chair­ [From the New York Times, Apr. 11, 1966] A year later he became editor of the editorial man of the Conference of Jewish Orga­ WELLINGTON WALES page. nizations for Combined Jewish Appeal; In 8 br_ief months as a member of the edi- Surviving are his widow, the former Helen and chairman of the Dlinois Committee torial board of the Times, Wellington Wales Woolsey; another son, Heathcote W., and a for Israel's lOth Anniversary in 1958. He made a valued imprint on this page. His daughter, Miss Jane MacGregor Wales. death-made doubly tragic by the fatal ac- Funeral services for father and son will be was a member of the board of governors cident that befell his son only hours earlier- held at 9:30 a.m. Wednesday at the Prates­ of State of Israel bonds, Chicago; chaired deprives us of a colleague who combined the tant Episcopal Church of the Good Shepherd, the Chicago Yiskor Committee for 6 Mil­ best qualities of' crusader, analyst, and 240 East 31st Street. Burial will be in Do- lion Martyrs for the past 3 years and was friend. · soris Cemetery, Glen Cove, Long Island. chairman at the time of his death; served on the national and administrative com­ [From the ~ew York Times, Apr. 11, 1966] [From the New York (N.Y.) Herald Tribune, mittee on the Chicago Council of the Apr. 11, 1966) WELLINGTON WALES DEAD AT 48-WAS ON American Jewish Congress; served on the TIMES EDITORi.u. BOARD-WRITER ON POLl• WELLINGTON WALES, A MEMBER OF THE TIMES national planning committee; and the TICS Is STRICKEN SOON AFTER A TRAIN KILLS EDITORIAL BOARD Chicago Council of the United Syna­ HIS SON SAMUEL, 19 Wellington Wales, a member of' the edi­ gogues of America; was a member of the Wellington Wales, a member of the edi­ torial board of the New York Times died yes­ Chicago Board of Jewish Education and torial board of the New York Times, died yes­ terday, apparently of a heart attack, 2 days governor of the College of Jewish Stud­ terday, apparently of a heart attack, in his after his 19-year-old son, Samuel G. Wales, ies; was a member of HIAS-Hebrew Im­ home at 236 East 32d Street. His age was 48. a junior at Harvard, was killed when a train migration Aid Society-B'nai B'rith and His son Samuel G. Wales, 19, a junior at struck him at Boston's South Street station. Harvard University, was killed late Friday The elder Wales, 48, died at his home, 236 the City of Hope. He was also past presi­ East 32d Street. He had been on the Times' dent of the Humboldt Boulevard Temple night when he was struck by a train leaving South Station in Boston. editorial board since last July. a:.'ld Congregation Shaare Tikvah of Chi­ The father, known as Duke Wales to his It was the second case in 8 days of a New cago. friends, had a diversified career as a journal­ York newspaperman dying of' an apparent Numerous honors and citations have ist, publicity man, soldier, and businessman. heart attack shortly after the death of a been extended to him, but he was most He rejoined the Times last July, after an teenaged son. Last Saturday, George Car­ proud of the identification of his name absence of 16 years, to become a member of roll, 61, aviation editor of the New York -with the State of Israel. In his name a its editorial board. He wrote editorials on Journal-American and the Hearst News­ forest of trees stands in Israel and a city and State political affairs and inter­ papers, died 9 weeks after his son, Hilary, 19, viewed candidates for public omce to help was killed in an automobile accident quadrangle of teachers residences bears determine Times editorial j><>licy about them. Before joining the Times, Mr. Wa'les had his name at Kfar Silver, the secondary He also studied health problems. been a newspaperman, publicity man, soldier, agricultural school maintained at Ash­ Mr. Wales, a husky, friendly man with an and businessman. He was born in Holly­ kelon, Israel, by the Zionist Organiza­ air of quiet elegance, was described by a wood, Calif., the son of' Wellington E. Wales, tion of America. friend as a person with widespread interests business manager of Famous Players-Lasky April 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8189 (later Paramount Pictures Inc.) and . Mrs. acquisition of export marketing certifi­ for salaries alone of 6,485 permanent em­ Wales, a character actress. cates so as to cause U.S. wheat and wheat ployees to run the much publicized war CAREER flour to be competitive in the world mar­ on poverty. A government that can af­ He was graduated from Dartmouth College ket, to "avoid disruption of world market ford that many bureaucrats to administer in 1938 and received a master's degree in 1940 price and fulfill the international obliga­ an untried program surely can afford ex­ from the Columbia University Journalism tions of the United States." This legisla­ tending the successful school lunch and School. While at Columbia, he became a tion, passed after consideration of S. 2294 milk programs to all needy children with­ caption writer for Acme News Pictures. out denying this assistance to the vast Mr. Wales enlisted in the Army 1n 1942 and was postponed by the House last October, served for 4 years, 2 of them overseas, as a minimizes the need for enabling Inter­ majority of children whose family in­ combat photographer and photo officer. He national Wheat Agreement legislation comes are just about the poverty level. was discharged as a captain in 1946 and re­ to provide specific 3/Uthority to prevent Compassion for the poor should not com­ turned to Acme. Soon afterward, he joined any disruption in world markets result­ pel us to sacrifice the health gains we the Sunday staff of the Times, but left in ing from U.S. wheat supply or prices. have purchased for a large part of the 1949 to become a copy editor on the Reporter Further, there is ample authority un­ younger generation through the school magazine. lunch and milk programs. Moving on, he worked for the Citizens Ad­ der the Charter Act of the Commod:.ty vertiser in Auburn, N.Y., and in 1954 became Credit Corporation for the United States It might be worth while to review the a reporter for the Boston Herald and taught to continue to exercise the rights, obtain history of these two programs. The Fed­ journalism at Boston University. From the the benefits and fulfill its obligations eral -Government began contributing to Traveler, he went to the Boston bureau of under the International Wheat Agree­ school lunch programs in 1936 through United Press. ment through competitive pricing of U.S. section 32 of Public Law 74-320, but the In 1955 he became managing editor of wheat in world markets and through the present program was inaugurated in 1946 Woman's Day magazine, and worked there making of export payments at times with passage of the National School until 1957 when he was appointed State di­ rector of publicity in the New York State when domestic prices exceed world Lunch Act. This program has grown Commerce Department. prices. steadily until now it is a $1.5 billion a year He later moved to the Virgin Islands where The failure of the House to act on S. business. This is the-estimated total of he started a liquor business, was news di­ 2294 would not preclude future action Federal, State, and local governmental rector of a television station and finally to enact legislation if conditions were contributions plus the children's pay­ joined the staff of the Daily News of the to change or if needed to encourage ments. The prices paid by children for Virgin Islands. maximum U.S. wheat exports in a stable their lunches vary widely; free meals are Mr. Wales stayed there until 1962, when he world market. served to the neediest children. Some 18 moved to Albany to become chief editorial writer for the Knickerbocker News. Later, million children-more than 36 percent he was promoted to editorial page editor. of the children enrolled 1n school this Mr. Wales' specialty on the Times was SCHOOL LUNCH AND SPECIAL MILK year-are participating in the national writing editorials on city and State politics, PROGRAMS . school lunch program. The Federal con­ and interviewing candidates for public office Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask tribution this year accounted for 22 per­ to help shape the Times' editorial policy to­ cent of its total cost-down about one­ ward them. unanimous consent to address the House Mr. Wales was a member of the Harvard for 1 minute and to revise and extend my third from the 32 percent of Federal Club of New York, and the Fort Orange Club remarks. contribution in the first year of operation. of Albany. The SPEAKER. Is there objection The National School Lunch Act of 1946 He is survived by his wife, the former to the request of the gentleman from is permanent legislat~on. But the special Helen Woolsey; a son, Heathcote W., and a Illinois? school milk program, inaugurated by a daughter, Miss Jane MacGregor Wales. There was no objection. Republican Congress during the Eisen­ hower administration in 1954, is due to Mr. ~PRINGER. Mr. Speaker, of all the Federal assistance programs devel­ expire on June 30, 1967. I have today INTERNATIONAL WHEAT oped over the last 30 years I know of none introduced a bill to establish a permanent AGREEMENT that has been of greater long-lasting special milk program for all children. Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask benefit to so many people than the school Some 25 million children in 93,000 unanimous consent to address the House lunch and special school milk programs. schools received more than 3 billion one­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend my I know of none that has won broader half pints of milk through the special remarks. support among people generally. milk program last year. Each child paid The SPEAKER. Is there objection This makes it hard to understand why from 3 to 4 cents a half pint for this to the request of the gentleman from President Johnson should seek a 33-per­ milk. More than $6% million in Fed­ Oklahoma? cent cut in funds for these programs; eral money is being spent in my State of There was no objection. why he wants to end the special milk Illinois for this purpose during the cur­ Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, the House program altogether. But of even great rent year. Under the President's pro­ is not going to schedule implementing significance is the · administration's an- · posal, only some children, and children legislation-S. 2294-for the Interna­ nounced intention of Shifting the focus in schools where there is no lunch pro­ tional Wheat Agreement at this time be­ of these programs to a class of children gram, could buy milk at the reduced cause the provisions of the Food and instead of children generally. prices. It is anybody's guess, under such Agriculture Act passed last fall and the Only $21 million is budgeted for the circumstances, how much milk would be CCC Charter Act provide ample author­ school milk program next year; about sold in schools. Needless to say, with ity for U.S. participation in the agree­ one-fifth of the $103 million which Con­ these cuts, school administrators antici­ ment. gress appropriated for the current year. pate a rising market for carbonated bev­ The U.S. Senate last year ratified the If Congress accedes to the President's erages. protocol extending the treaty until July 1·equest, the special milk program as mil­ I have received letters and petitions 31, 1966. Under our Constitution the lions of schoolchildren know it today is from several hundred school superin­ effect of the ratification by the U.S. Sen­ doomed. For the $21 million would go to tendents, principals, teachers, and par­ ate is to approve the terms and condi­ buy milk only for certain children and for ents protesting the proposed budget re­ tions of the agreement and to permit children in schools where there is pres­ ductions. The following letter, from the and authorize our Government to obtain ently no lunch program. head of the Illinois School Food Serv­ the benefits and to carry out our obliga­ Lest there be any misunderstanding of ice Association, is typical of the views tions and responsibilities under the my position, I want to make one thing expressed by all those who have writ­ agreement. clear. I wholeheartedly favor suffi.cient ten to me about this matter: The Food and Agriculture Act of 1965, funding of these programs to assure full DEAR MR. SPRINGER: As president of the Illinois School Food Service Association, I approved November 3, 1965, specifically participation of children from impover­ am writing you relative to the National gives regulatory authority for the United ished families and of schools in impov­ School Lunch Act of' 1946, and the budget States to live up to its obligations under erished areas. made recently by President Johnson. the International Wheat Agreement; It In the same budget that recommended Since 1946, schools have been feeding provides for the regulation of prices on the cuts in school milk and lunch funds, needy children of the school district as well exports through requirements for the the administration requested $53 million as those whose mothers worked, children who 8190 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 18, 1966 came to school by bus, and those who stayed In view of the many fatalities incident among offices of the Federal Govern­ at school because of the nutritious lunch. to the confiict in Vietnam, the need for ment charged with the care and main­ For the past 3 or 4 years, funds allotted enactment of this measure is particularly for nlinois have not been adequate to pay tenance of veterans' cemeteries. Per­ even a 5 cent per lunch substdy for any timely, haps only the bereaved fully understand month during the school year, no reimburse­ It is an obvious obli.gation to prepare the need for expansion of our cemetery ment for May or June, and only a partial a final resting place for our honored system. In this regard I should like to payment for April. dead. Commencing in 1862, our Nation commend those members of the press Due to the high cost of food, high wages, sought to provide this soil in the char­ who have sought to aid in improving high Federal taxes, and low meal charge to acter of national cemeteries. Since 1890, the ugly picture that has been develop­ the students, school districts are faced with approximately 17 new national ceme­ ing because of the national neglect of problems beyond their control. Many school districts are now subsidizing the school lunch teries have been opened in the United veterans' cemeteries. program to the limit of their resources. States, adding to the 81 established from I was particularly impressed with a After all, children must be taught as well 1862 to 1899. The number of veterans series of articles appearing in the as fed. eligible for burial in our national ceme­ Camden, N.J., Courier-Post by James D. The cut of $80 million ·in the special milk teries has increased from 1,341,000 in Nicholson, who has shown a remarkable program funds will drive our State of "milk 1890 to 22,500,000 in 1962 excluding those understanding of the problem and its drinkers" back to soft drinks. The cut in eligible from the peacetime establish­ many ramifications. His dedication to the school lunch program funds of $19 mil­ ment. The figures, furnished the Sub­ the subject is most inspiring, and I am lion will necessitate schools going into pure­ committee on National Parks of the ly snack services and our health-education confident that leadership of this nature program will go down the drain. The in­ Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ will be an important influence in expe­ creased cost of the lunch to the children fairs in 1962 during its hearings to estab­ diting to enactment the b11ls which the will mean more and more children wm be lish a national cemetery policy, indicated chairman and I are introducing today. unable to pay for their lunches and will have that 2.6 to 2.7 million veterans deaths The articles follow: to be fed free. Is this what Congress really will occur in 1972. VETERANS, CONGRESSMEN FIGHT "SILENT" wants? Will the proposed Child Nutrition My bill will establish in the Veterans' CLOSINGs--ECONOMY DOOMS NATIONAL Act do more for our children than the 20 Administration a national veterans' cem­ CEMETERY PROGRAM years operations of the school lunch programs eteries system be operated and main­ have proved? to (By James D. Nicholson) We are asking your help in combating these tained by the Administrator. Each grave The Johnson administration has written drastic cuts in appropriations for such vital shall be marked by a headstone bearing the epitaph !or the entire national cemetery programs as the school lunch, special milk, the name of the deceased veteran. A program with a single word--economy. and Government donated commodities. register of burials shall be kept at each Arlington will be the only exception to the Sincerely, such cemetery and at the VA office. Government's phaseout plan. A Philadel­ ISABELL EATON, The bill sets forth in section 2 the per­ phia Veterans' Advisory Commission official. President. who asked that his name be withheld, said: sons to be buried in such national vet­ "This has all been done very discretely. Mr. Speaker, during my 16 years in erans' cemeteries and specifically ex­ Since no provisions or policy for expansion Congress I have never seen the people cludes any person who on the date of his were made for national cemeteries, naturally back home so deeply concerned about a death was a member of a Communist they will have to close as they fill up • • • matter as they are about this issue. I action organization. very silently." can understand this because the welfare The lands needed for national vet­ Some people have chosen not to remain erans' cemeteries may be acquired by the silent. The veterans and Congressmen from of their children is involved. I bring this the States the "phaseout" will affect have to the attention of my colleagues because Administrator by purchase, gift, con­ raised some pointed questions, which the I understand that the annual agricul­ demnation, or otherwise as he deter­ Government has failed to answer to their tural appropriations bill, carrying funds mines to be in the best interests of the satisfaction. for the school lunch and milk programs, United States. Beverly National Cemetery, opened in 1864, will be reported out later this week. I Each such cemetery shall have a super­ will close its gates shortly to new burials. have talked to my colleagues on both intendent selected from among meri­ Several thousand graves are reserved only for torious and trustworthy veterans re­ the spouses of those already interred there. sides of the aisle about this so I know There is resentment in the ranks of veterans there is strong sentiment for rejecting tired for physical disability, discharged in the northeast. the budget recommendations and fund­ or released under honorable conditions Veterans want to know: Why couldn't Ing these programs on the same basis as and entitled to compensation for a serv­ Beverly be expanded? Does this mean the in the past. I am certain a large ma­ ice-connected disability. Government will not reconsider its position? jority of the House itself will support These are some of the provisions of Are they trying to "buy us off with a burial that action. section 2, which will add a new subchap­ reimbursement stipend"? Doesn't burial ter II to chapter 23 of title 38 of the among former comrades mean something? We should keep the school lunch and Most of these questions have since been milk programs. They are a good invest­ United States Code concer;ning the ad­ answered. ment in America's future. ministration of national veterans' On January 6, 1965, Representative WIL­ cemeteries. LIAM T. CAHILL, Republican, of New Jersey, Section 3 of the bill provides that all introduced a bill asking the Department of jurisdiction and responsibility for any the Army to acquire additional land which NATIONAL VETERANS' CEMETERY cemetery under the jurisdiction of the would have kept Beverly open to new burials SYSTEM Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary through 1985. The bill died in committee. Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, I ask of the Army, and the American Battle As recent as January 10, this year, Repre­ unanimous consent to extend my remarks sentative DOMINICK V. DANIELS, Democrat, of Monuments Commission shall be trans­ New Jersey, introduced a similar bill. at this point in the RECORD and include ferred to the Administrator of Veterans' Another alternative was possible in main­ extraneous matter. Affairs, immediately preceding the date taining available cemetery space in the Dela­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection of enactment of this bill. ware Valley by the acquisition of land near to the request of the gentleman from Section 4 of the bill repeals in whole Fort Dix. Pennsylvania? or in part the present statutes concern­ Senator John E. Hunt, Republican, of ing national cemeteries not necessary Gloucester, first, was appointed to a three­ There was no objection. man State commission established to inves­ Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, today the for carrying out the purposes of this bill. tigate the feasibility of acquiring another chairman of the Committee on Veterans' This bill attempts to resolve a situa­ tract of land. The commission resulted Affairs, the gentleman from Texas [Mr. tion of growing concern to each of us. from a joint assembly resolution, approved TEAGUE] and I are introducing identical I feel certain that this measure will have November 5, 1964. bills to amend title 38 of the United the support of most veterans and service "The Army rejected our request for the States Code to establish in the Veterans' organizations. land" the senator explained. "They said that they needed it in the event that they Administration a national veterans' cem­ None would deny the Nation's obliga­ might one day have to expand their facilities. etery system consisting of all cemeteries tion to our war dead, though I question The one thing that stands out in my mind of the United States in which veterans whether the general public is aware of 1s that you can't pin anyone down to talk of any war or confiict are or may be the neglect that has been a natural con­ to who will assume the ultimate responsi­ buried. sequence of the divided responsibilities bility !or phasing out the cemeteries." April 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8191 The executive branch's decision to abolish On March 5, 1962, hearings were conducted took place, seven of those bodies· came from the national cemetery program originated. with all factions invited. to testify. The outside the State--some from as far away as several years ago. It was based on a study fight was on. Georgia. of the cemetery system made by the Depart­ ANSWER COST CHARGE ment of the Army. The report was filed U.S. CEMETERY HEARINGS INCONCLUSIVE-NO Fifty-mile radius: Kennedy said that "to­ December 15, 1961. VoTE TAKEN, BATTLE Is RENEWED day, with the advent of the automobile and A letter to Representative WAYNE N. ASPI­ (By James D. Nicholson) better roads, a family would surely travel NALL, Democrat, of Colorado, dated August more than 50 miles to see the grave of a. 31, 1965, spelled out the administration's As the began to mount through­ deceased loved one." (Even if national position on the expansion or maintenance out the Nation for a general review of the cemeteries were regionally situated.) of the national cemetery program. AsPINALL national cemetery policy, the Federal Gov­ Cost: The veterans rebutted the $2 billion was chairman of the Committee on Interior ernment knew it had to clarify its position price tag. They said it would not be neces­ and Insular Affairs, whose subcommittee once and for all on the issue. sary to put a national cemetery in every State. held hearings on the issue in 1962 and again On March 5, 6, and 7, 1962, hearings were They claimed, as Kennedy mentioned earlier, in 1964. conducted-not on specific bills-but on the that even regional cemeteries would. be ac­ A spokesman for the administration said entire national cemetery program, Represent­ cessible with today's superhighway system. further expansion would 'Qe inadvisable and ative J. T. Rutherford, Republican, of Texas, However, a 1962 census revealed that in the involve enormous costs in providing burial chairman of the Subcommittee on National adjoining States of Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, for the more than 40 million persons eligible Parks, headed the hearings. and Nevada, there were 260,000 veterans. In under veterans benefits. This year's budget Opposing expansion of the national ceme­ none of these States is there a national request includes $5.4 billion for veterans tery program were the executive branch, the cemetery. benefits. Bureau of the Budget, the Department of the VETERANS AROUSED According to the Veterans' Administration, Army and representatives of various national cemetery associations. The $250 VA stipend and social security: to be eligible for interment one must be a This was the point that infuriated the vet­ veteran who has been discharged under con­ VETERANS FOR IT erans the most. They felt they were being ditions other than dishonorable, a spouse Favoring expansion of the system and. bought off. And cheap too, since private of the eligible veteran or the minor child creation of new cemeteries were all of 'the burial costs usually exceed this payment, o! the veteran. veterans organizations and Congressmen who yet the executive branch still refers to the In permitting the national cemeteries to had introduced legislation from affected stipend as the most equitable . die on the vine, the Government acknowl­ areas. This payment, according to the Vetera.ns' edged a failure-since the Civil War-to ex­ The Government's defense of its policy (or Administration, is payable only to those who pand the facilities to keep pace with the lack of policy as one Congressman went on served d urtng a time of war or to those benefits they have extended. record as saying) was based. on certain con­ persons who died while in receipt of Gov­ Representative J. T. Rutherford, Republi­ tentions: ernment disability compensation. can, of Texas, chairman of the Subcommittee First was the uneven distribution of the This presents a. striking paradox, leaving on National Parks who conducted the hear­ installations. a. segment of the eligible population without ings, said: Col. Harry D. Temple, of the U.S. Army the stipend or cemetery. .. The entire problem of national cemetery Quartermaster Corps, said: As the cemeteries are phased out in various capacity, as opposed to eligible population, "About 83 percent of the burials in na­ parts of the Nation, there.will be large num­ has been largely ignored during the last 90 tional cemeteries were those persons who had bers of veterans who will not be eligible for years • • • acquisition of additional ceme­ died within a 50-mile radius of the cemetery. the stipend. These same persons will find. teries has not keep pace. Even so, only 40 percent of the veterans in it virtually economically infeasible to reach The first few national cemeteries were the radius chose to be interred. there." a. distant cemetery. originated during the Civil War. Since they The other argument was the cost involved. Representative JAMES A. HALEY, Democrat, were established for the burial of war oas­ During the February 1, 1965, hearings­ of Florida, said before the subcommittee in ulaties only, the sites were small and con­ which were simply a rehash of the 1962 hear­ 1962: centrated primarily in the Middle Atlantic ings-Col. James C. MacFarland, Chief of the .. There are approximately 600,000 veterans States and other areas involved in the war. Memorial Division of the Department of the In Florida." He said that to ship a body from From 1862 to 1899, 81 national cemeteries Army, supplied some cost estimates. to Fort Barrancas (the State's only were established. During this period the He said that to put at least one c;:emetery national cemetery) involved a greater dis­ privllege of burial in a national cemetery in every State would cost about $2 billion. tance than from Jacksonville to Arlington, was largely restricted to personnel dying This would not include the acquisition of Va. while on active duty or who were ..honorably land. Maintenance and operation for exist­ COULD EXCEED ALLOWANCE discharged soldiers, sailors and marines who ing cemeteries for 1964 came to some $6.5 Even for an individual getting the stipend had served during the late war." (War Be­ million. and social security, the cost may well exceed. tween the States.) The ultimate answer that the Government the allowance, especially if there is no na­ Beginning in 1890, however, either by act gave veterans when they continued to appeal tional cemetery. of Congress or administrative action, the was a financial stipend or reimbursement in In the following States there are no na­ rules for eligibility were expanded to in­ addition to the social security benefits. tional cemeteries and the average cost of clude widows, widowers, spouses, minor chil­ ENTITLED TO $250 burial, including undertaker services and lots, dren and peacetime veterans. Veterans burial benefits entitle a veteran are: Alaska, $950; Connecticut, $600; Iowa, Since 1890 the population of eligible vet­ who served a tour of duty during wartime $850; Maine, $1,250; Nevada, $915, and Wis­ erans has increased from 1,341,000 to 22,500,- the maximum sum of $250. Social security consin, $1,100 (1962 rates according to Gov­ 000, excluding peacetime eligibles (U.S. Gov­ benefits may be added, bringing the total ernment figures). ernment figures, December 1961.) to $450. The 1962 and 1965 hearings adjourned on To cope with this increase, 17 national Spokesmen for the veterans and Congress­ an inconclusive note. cemeteries were established. men in favor of expansion saw inconsistencies The clerk of the Committee on Interior Beverly National Cemetery, in Edgewater in the Government's defense and punched and Insular Affairs, Mrs. Nancy Arnold, said Park Township, ' was, and perhaps stlll is, at it with some facts and figures of their reeently: the most recent test case for the advocates own. NO ACTION TAKEN of maintaining national cemeteries. Uneven distribution: Spokesmen for the "There was never any committee action Government statistics indicated there were veterans pointed out that burials were being (vote) taken after the hearings. When the 2,387,000 veterans in New Jersey and Penn­ directed under an antiquated system geo­ chairman of the committee wrote to the Bu­ sylvania in 1964. This does not include eli­ graphi<:ally one that was devised more ·than reau of the Budget, the response was un­ gible spouses and minor children. 100 years ago. favorable (Aug. 31, 1965.) For these eligible persons, the nearest na­ She also said there was "no pending action BURY 40 A DAY tional cemetery will be either Long Island, to be taken in the matter of national ceme­ N.Y., or Baltimore. - ' Miles D. Kennedy, director of the National teries and no further hearings were sched­ While tremors have been raised by Con­ Legislative Commission of the American uled." gressmen and veterans' groups in these two Legion said during the 1962 hearings: But if the admini-stration was resolved to States since the announced phasing out of "All of the Northeast section of the United. let the matter suffocate in committee, many Beverly, other parts of the Nation have been States feeds into the cemetery on Long interested parties were just as determined to equally disturbed when they viewed the long­ Island, N.Y., and I understand that the aver­ make a fight of it. range consequences. Protests, appeals, and age burial rate there is something like 40 per That battle appeared to have been renewed proposed legislation were made as early as day, 5 days a week." when Beverly National Cemetery had to close 1961, when the Army filed its report. Later, during the 1965 hearings, Repre­ its doors to all but committed graves. (A Faced with more than 50 bills from every sentative WILLIAM T. CAHILL, Republican, committed grave 1s set aside for the spouse section of the country urging expansion or of New Jersey, ec~oed the same sentiments: of an eligible already interred there.) creation of national cemeteries, Congress "At the Beverly Cemetery in the month of The advocates of national cemeteries began yielded. to public opinion. February, out of every eight funerals that to mass their . 8192 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April )8, 1966 HAVE TAPS SOUNDED FOR NATIONAL subcommittee stage, were sounded during the Mr. ASPINALL. It is understood that CEMETERIES? Philadelphia meeting. the tribe of Indians which has this area (By James D. Nicholson) John Cramer, commander of the Veterans will enter into contracts for the construc­ Soon after it was announced that Beverly of Foreign Wars for the State of New Jersey, tion and operation of facilities that may National Cemetery would be closed to new said a few days after the meeting: "I do believe that should the day come be used by visitors to the area. burials, old warriors, gray haired but full of Uriless the tribe has authority for ex­ fight, met with area Congressmen in Phila­ when the doors of our national cemeteries delphia, to map a battle plan for this session close, that is the day we become an ungrate­ ecuting lease contracts for a longer period of Congress. ful Nation." than present authority permits, they will Eighty ranking officers of veteran organi­ But the strongest sentiment which pre­ not be able to get the financing that is zations from the area gathered in Philadel­ vailed that day was the wish that many vet­ necessary. phia city hall last month with several Con- erans had, and have had since the days of Mr. JOHNSON of Pennsylvania. Is gressmen or their representatives. "" ancient Greece, and that is to be buried the gentleman sure that in this area, They discussed their legislative failures of among comrades in arms. which is 35 miles from Reno, the business the past and arrived at several conclusions: Charles H. Harget, U.N. Navy, retired, a past 1. No longer could veterans organizations president of the Fleet Reserve Association, enterprises to be installed at this lake fight a splinter action against the Govern­ drew a rousing applause from the Phila­ will be not ju$t an extension of the ment's plan to phase out national cemeteries. delphia assembly when he said: gambling casinos and other activities They must coordinate their efforts, not just "It strikes me as odd that whenever econ­ that are taking place in Reno; that it locally, but nationwide. -omy becomes the watchword, the poor bear will not be just another "little Reno" 2. A letterwriting campaign would have the brunt of the load, the veteran in particu­ around this lake? to be launched, contacting every member of lar. "We're spending billions throughout the Mr. ASPINALL. My personal evalua­ the Subcommittee on National Parks (which tion is that these would not be the inter­ conducted the 1962 and 1965 hearings on the world trying to make friends and all we get national cemetery program policy). is spit in the face, and our American fiag ests with which the tribe of Indians would 3. The many individual pieces of legisla­ trampled." contract. lation which urged sectional consideration Representative CAHILL, Republican, of New Mr. JOHNSON of Pennsylvania. must be set aside. Congressmen must give Jersey, stated: Another question: Will safeguards be their bipartisan support to one bill that will "I have strong feelings in favor of remedial placed around the leaders of these tribes stipulate a governing national policy. legislation to provide for the expansion of so that when they make these business Representative WILLIAM GREEN, Demo­ national cemeteries, but unless the attitude contracts they will not be the victims of crat, of Pennsylvania, who attended the of the present administration changes, the Philadelphia meeting, said that perhaps the future outlook is not very encouraging." designing people, or fall into the hands best portions of several bills which have al­ Many other persons in Congress would con­ of the wrong people? ready been introduced could be molded into cur with Representative CAHILL's observa­ Mr. ASPINALL. I can assure my col­ a single bill that the delegation could unite ti&n. Especially those Congressmen who league that the Secretary of the Interior behind. have watched their bills become lost in the will continue to have jurisdiction over "The Government should not turn its back catacombs of committee and never brought this, as the guardian, as it were, of these on the whole program simply because it is to a vote. people, and that they will be protected. antiquated" GREEN told the vets. "They The time-honored tradition of being buried should first consider revamping the struc­ among coiDrades in arms may soon be a thing That is the reason for the protection that ture before they decide to scrap it." of the past. we have thrown up around the Indians Most of the other Congressmen at the The Johnson administration appears to throughout the years. meeting pledged their bipartisan support to have sounded the mournful cry of taps for Mr. JOHNSON of Pennsylvania. Mr. establish a national cemetery program that national cemeteries. Speaker, with that explanation, I with­ would be feasible. draw my reservation of objection. Little did InallY of those veterans present The SPEAKER. Is there objection to at that meeting realize that a bill asking for CONSENT CALENDAR the request of the gentleman from the establishment of a National Cemeteries Selection Board had been already introduced The SPEAKER. This is Consent Cal~ Colorado? on January 4, 1965, by Representative JoHN P. endarday. There being no objection-, the Clerk SAYLOR, Republican, of Pennsylvania. The Clerk will call the first bill on the read the Senate bill, a.s follows: This Selection Board, if approved, would Consent Calendar. Be it enacted by the Senate and House cut through the maze of redtape which of Representatives of the United States of presently minimizes the chances of expand­ America in Congress assembled, That sec­ ing any national cemetery. tion 1 of the Act of August 9, 1955 (69 Stat. Under SAYLoR's bill, the Selection Board AMENDING THE INDIAN LONG­ 539), as amended, is hereby amended as would report to Congress the suitability of TERM LEASING ACT follows: After the words "Fort Mojave Res­ a proposed site and if the Secretary of the ervation", insert the words "the Pyramid Army concurs with the Board's findings, the The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 9070) to Lake Reservation,". · Selection Board would be authorized to 51pend amend the Indian Long-Term Leasing a maximum of $25,000 on its development. Act. The bill was ordered to be read a third A Washington official said a few weeks ago The SPEAKER. Is there objection to time, was read the third time, and passed, that, "nothing is expected to happen on this the present consideration of the bill? and a motion to reconsider was laid on bill either." There was no objection. the table. Senator John E. Hunt, Republican, of Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask A similar House bill ints out in his article. into the future, when we might be able to bonds at, say, a discount price of $90 per Under unanimous consent, I insert the wait about a year and pay a lot of lower $100 of face value, it would only take in the Wall Street Journal article in the RECORD rate." Furthermore, other officials worry $90 but the national debt would go up by the about what the real estate industry would full $100. Joint Economic Committee Chair­ and the excerpt from the 1966 Annual think of the Treasury competing for long­ man WRIGHT PATMAN has already said such Report of the Joint Economic Committee term money that might otherwise go into an approach would be "intellectually dis­ in which the minority members discuss mortgages for the floundering housing mar­ honest;" while it would be "perfectly legal," debt management issues. ket. a Government econoinist adds, "the only [From the Wall Street Journal, Mar. 30, Thus, some hopefully less controversial problem is that any Treasury Secretary who 1966] steps are being talked o! in the Treasury. decided to do it would spend the rest of One is a "for the duration" approach, his life in congressional hearings." MANAGING THE DEBT-TREASURY IS IN NO which would entail asking Congress to free . When they pore over possible routes HURRY To ABANDON 4%, PERCENT BOND RATE the Treasury from the ceiling until the around the rate barrier, though,· Treasury CEILING Vietnam conflict subsides and a less steamy men can't help wondering if the trip will (By Richard F. Janssen) domestic economy halts the interest-rate es­ really be necessary at all. True, they're al­ WASHINGTON .-Can a rusty financial relic calation. By draping higher rates on Gov­ ways loath to see the average length of the of World War I occupy a prominent place ernment bonds with the bunting of patriotic national debt shrinking, since this means big in the Johnson administration's arsenal of wartime sacrifices, some officials figure, they chunks of it loom up !or replacement more newfangled "new economics" weaponry? could more readily win relief from the ceiling often, increasing chances that huge amounts You wouldn't think so, especially when and then wlllingly slip back under when it's of borrowing must be done at difficult times. the result is to deprive the administration comfortable to do so once more. By the end of January the average maturity of some of its cherished "flexibility." But Or, the Treasury could ask Congress to of the salable Treasury securities in private because it h appens to serve the Johnsoniim raise the ceiling for the duration, perhaps hands (some $217 billion, which doesn't in­ cause of easy credit, the old weapon isn't up to 514 percent. This could have the clude savings bonds and some special is­ apt to be scrapped very readily-if at all. psychological effect on the markets of send· sues sold only to Federal trust funds) was The device is, of course, the 1917 law that ing rates the rest of the way up to the cell· down to 4 years and 10 months from 5 years keeps the Treasury from offering more than ing, but it wouldn't be as bad as perma­ and 5 months a year before. But it's-still a 474 percent interest rate on bonds. Debt nently placing the ceiling higher, one planner respectably longer than the 4 years and 4 managers can't sell a new long-tenn bond says. Many investors would rush to buy new months average at the end of 1960 just be­ at a rate that low when investors can buy Treasury bonds at the higher rates before fore the Kennedy-Johnson team moved in. an older one whose price has gone down the ceiling plunks back down to 474 percent "We could go on for another year without enough to yield them as much as 5 percent. again, he figures, and the consequent surge selling any long debt," says one specialist, Normally, the inability to borrow money of demand would push up bond prices, thus although he concedes this would make it whose repayment can be postponed until dis­ reducing the yields somewhat. tougher for future debt stretchers. tant decades would be considered a cruel and Maybe the Treasury would couch a relief FINANCING OUTSIDE THE TREASURY unusual handicap for Treasury debt man­ request in terxns of legally defining the word agers, and certainly they viewed the prospect "bond." The Second Liberty Bond Act which One reason for the relatively comfortable with dread from afar. But now that it's a created the ceiling applies it only to bonds, feeling about the interest-rate ceiling is the reality, Washington's complaints haven't and by long tradition, though not by law, Johnson administration's increasing use of a been any more ringing than Treasury Secre­ the Treasury won't call one o! its securities financing method that operates outside the tary Fowler's muffi.ed February remark to a a bond unless it matures in more than 5 Treasury. Agencies such as the Federal Na­ congressional questioner that he'd eventu­ years. So one idea is to have Congress say a tional Mortgage Association sell part inter­ ally have "some suggestions'' to make. Treasury security isn't a bond unless it runs ests in loans they hold, cutting their need Now aides hint that, if the Treasury comes for more than 10 years, doubling the debt­ to draw money from the Treasury and thus back at all, it'll be with a plan that offers seller's span of ceiling-free years. Some an­ cutting the Treasury's need to borrow from congressional sharpshooters only a blurry alysts doubt that this would be enough to the public. Because the law doesn't limit the target-nothing as drastic as outright repeal block out the banks as customers, though, interest ra,tes on these non-Treasury issues, of the interest rate ceiling. and one adds that "the pension funds and Fannie Mae was able to sell certificates in To propose repeal, it's reasoned, would insurance companies don't really get very mid-March paying as much as 5Y:z percent only invite an unseemly fight with the Presi­ interested in anything shorter than about 20 interest and with maturities as long as 15 dent's own "easy money" allies in C.ongress. years." A related twist would be to rede­ years. - If the Government weren't counting The administration's reluctance was rein­ fine Treasury notes (to which the ceiling on taking in $4.2 billion from selling such forced when the Democratic majority of the doesn't apply) so that they could have "participations" in the next fiscal year (com­ House-Senate Joint Economic Committee maturities of 10 or 15 years, instead of the pared with something closer to· $1.8 billion warned that it "would be a serious mistake present 5-year limit. of budget deficit to be financed through to remove the long-standing ceiling." Its But try any of these, frets one official selling regular new Treasury issues) , there'd very existence, the Democrats said, "is a clear "and we'll still have Congressmen saying, be a good deal more pressure to poke holes symbol of the Nation's intention that inter­ 'You mean you'd really want to sell long­ through the ceiling. est rates be restored to a more reasonable. term bonds in this kind of market?'" Perhaps more important is the adminis­ tration's unwillingness to make a move that level in the future." As if to add to the A BACK-ALLEY ROUTE awkwardness of any such administration re­ the financial community-and the Federal quest, it was the committee's Republican Conceivably, the Treasury could bypass the Reserve Board-would interpret as more or minority that urged repeal to "facilitate ceiling by a more devious back-alley route, less permanent acceptance of the present noninflationary, long-tenn Government fi­ and perhaps even ask Congress' approval of high level of interest rates. Yet, as one nancing." the maneuver. At least according to a 1961 skeptical official confides: opinion of then-Attorney General Robert "Interest rates used to go down sometimes THE REPUBLICAN POSITION Kennedy, the 1917 law applies only to the because we had recession. I'm not sure how As expressed by the Republicans, the-Usual coupon rate on the bonds. So the Treasury we'll get them down if we succeed in keeping argument is that in times of a boomy econ­ could issue a new 474 -percent bond at less the economy going up all the time." omy, the Government should sell long-term than face value. Coupon clippers would still The administration philosophy is still, ac­ debt that is most apt to be bought from get only $4.25 a year on each $100 face value, cording to one strategist, that "monetary savings, either o! individuals or of institu­ but they would have paid the Treasury a policy must be reversible." Secretary Fowler · tions such as life insurance companies. By discount price of perhaps $99 per $100, thus recently spelled it out !or a congressional selling short-term debt (which isn't subject bringing the actual yield on the money committee, expressing hope that after Viet­ to the ceiling) , the reasoning goes, the Gov­ they've invested to f?omething higher than nam "we could again look forward to a time ernment. is apt to appeal more to banks as 4~ percent. in which the cost of money would turn 8194 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 18, 1966 down." The United States has, the Secre­ levY on visits outside the country.· Also Ironically, these restrictive actions at tary said, "characteristically been a low-cost­ under consideration is "putting added of-money country because of the very home are coming precisely when the ad­ capable and effective capital-generating in­ muscle" into the so-called voluntary ministration is engaged in critical trade stitutions that we have in our economy. controls on bank lending and business negotiations in Geneva and in discus­ Being able to get money at a very reasonable investment overseas. sions with the Group of Ten on reform cost is a real national asset." The imposition of even more stringent of the international monetary system. Certainly, the White House may decide controls would signal the complete Little wonder that these negotiations are that the exigencies of managing the national bankruptcy of the administration's pol­ making so little progress. The admin­ debt dictate doing away With the interest icy to deal with the chronic deficit in istration is slowly whittling away our rate ceiling. But the symbol of a cherished cause would be given up only grudgingly, like our balance of payments. For years the st!lnding as a key currency country and those aging artillery pieces on the courthouse administration has promised that just our role of world financial leadership. lawn. one more ciose of restlictive medicine No policy could be better calculated to would produce balance-of-payments produce this result than placing limita­ AN EXCERPT OF MINORITY VIEWS FROM THE equilibrium. The Congress and the tions on the free and unencumbered use 1966 REPORT OF THE JOINT ECONOMIC American people have gone along with of the dollar. COMMITTEE this policy of financial isolationism in Make no mistake about the fact that D. DEBT MANAGEMENT the hope that short-term expedients the administration is leading us down One of the most important but least de­ might produce some lasting results. the road of financial and economic iso­ bated economic issues is the impact of debt Promises that new restraints would lationism. It mystifies me how so many management on monetary policy. Although produce equilibrium have proven false. of those who profess to have liberal eco­ the Treasury-Federal Reserve accord of 1951 But the promises continue to be made, nomic views can sit silently by while two was designed to free monetary policy from decades of progress toward building a the iron grip of debt management, the and the controls continue to be extended :flexibility of open market operations is still and -added to. more open international economy are impaired to rome extent by Treasury debt The interest equalization tax, once eroded away by the administration's financing. If monetary policy is to serve its billed as temporary, has already been inept handling of our foreign economic purposes effectively, considerably more under­ extended once and can now be consid­ policy. standing is needed of the relationship that ered virtually a permanent part of our How long will it take this administra­ exists between the operations of the Federal tax structure. Efforts to limit tourist tion to realize that controls are not only Reserve and the debt financing of the futile but damaging to ourselves and to Treasury. We have consistently advocated spending have been tightened up, and that the Joint Economic Committee study foreign aid has been increasingly tied to other nations? That point has been this issue as a part of its continuing interest U.S. purchases to the detriment of a made repeatedly by scholars, most re­ in the tools of monetary policy. sound development assistance program. cently by the National Industrial Con­ Recent developments point up our con­ The "voluntary" capital restraints pro­ ference Board with respect to the capital cern. Since mid-1965 changes in the compo­ gram was extended 1 year and its hoped­ controls program. sition of the debt have tended to be stimu­ for termination date of next February We have an opportunity today to take lative because newly issued debt has been action that would be appropriate for relatively short term. The legal interest rate has already been abandoned. Secretary limit on long-term Government bonds is no Fowler said in a recent speech in Phoenix, both our balance of payments and our longer competitive, forcing the Government Ariz., that the program would be con­ domestic economy. This calls for Gov­ to borrow in the form of "near money" tinued indefinitely, pending the conclu­ ernment spending restraint to cool the securities with short or intermediate ma­ sion of the Vietnam war. domestic boom and stop cost and price turities. The latest flurry of alarm over the bal­ inflation. Unless this is done-and done The legal interest ceiling has also affected ance-of-payments prospects for 1966 soon-we will face increasingly severe the term structure of interest rates. Yields comes only weeks after Secretary Fowler economic problems both at home and on Treasury bills and intermediate-term abroad. securities have risen abnormally relative to triumphantly announced that our ac­ yields on long-term Government bonds. counts would be in "approximate" bal­ Under unanimous consent, I insert the We believe that the administration must ance for the year. Now the word among article by Joseph Slevin from the Wash­ recommend immediate lifting of the 4 ~ -per­ experts within the executive branch is ington Post of April 13 in the RECORD at cent ceiling on Government bonds. Re­ that the deficit this year is actually likely this point. moval of the ceiling would facilitiate non­ to be nearly 50 percent larger than the PER DIEM LEVY SUGGESTED: TOURIST CURBS inflationary, long-term Government financ­ CONSIDERED ANEW IN DEFICIT STRATEGY ing and at lower interest costs than are now $1.3 billion deficit for last year. The possible through financing at shorter term. most alarming aspect of this picture is (By Joseph R. Slevin) that while we may make some tempo­ The administration is readying fresh meas­ rary gains because of controls, our basic ures to cut the U.S. balance-of-payments deficit. ADMINISTRATION PURSUES A POL­ competitive position in world trade-the crucial barometer watched by foreign­ A special Cabinet Committee Will discuss ICY OF INTERNATIONAL FINAN­ ers-is deteriorating under the impact of the new plans at a White House meeting CIAL AND ECONOMIC ISOLA­ that is scheduled for next week. Secretary domestic inflation. of the Treasury Henry H. Fowler heads the TIONISM The administration refuses to recog­ Cabinet group. Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ nize the close interrelationship between The proposals r ange from slapping a bit­ mous consent that the gentleman from the various items in our balance of pay­ terly controversial head tax on U.S. tourists Missouri [Mr. CURTIS] may extend his ments. Shutting off foreign investment to a stepped-up effort to chop military and foreign aid outlays. The officials also are remarks at this point in the REcORD and not only reduces our income from abroad talking about tightening the present restric­ include extraneous matter. in future years, but it also holds down tions on bank overseas loans and on direct The SPEAKER. Is there objection current exports. This is part of the ex­ business investment in foreign projects. to the request of the gentleman from planation for the shocking drop of $1.9 "The severity of the new curbs will depend Missouri? billion in our trade surplus last year. A on how bad the payments situation looks," a There was no objection. reduction in tourist spending will like­ high official says. "If it's bad enough, we Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, it is be­ wise reduce foreign dollar reserves and will have to cut tourist spending. We can't ask businessmen and banks to do more un­ coming increasingly clear that the web result in a smaller volume of foreign less we do something about the tourists." of controls and restrictions erected by travel to and purchases from the United The administration is actively discussing the Johnson administration over the States. the need for more curbs because the U.S. right of Amelicans to invest and travel History demonstrates over and over balance of payments is not showing an im­ abroad is likely to be tightened again again that controls only beget more con­ provement that had been expected at the this year. trols. As one set of controls proves futile, start of 1966. new ones are developed. Foreign coun­ The best current guess is that the United An article by Joseph Slevin in the States will have a deficit of at least $1.25 Washington Post of Apri113 reveals that tries ultimately retaliate and finally billion this year if no additional restrictive the administration is now considering a world trade, travel and investment--with steps are taken. Some Government analysts head tax on travel by U.S. citizens over­ all of their political and economic bene­ gloomily are predicting that the red-ink en­ seas, perhaps in the form of a $10 a day fits-is reduced to a trickle. try will jump all the way to $2 billion. April 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8195 A high administration source predicts that argue that the proper measures to con­ use of new and alternative materials. I the group will urge Mr. Johnson to support trol these inflationary are not a tourist tax 1! a $2 billion deflci t seems like­ urge that economists and the adminis­ ly but that it will content itself with less specific price control measures justi­ tration pay much closer attention to abrasive measures if this shortfall is closer fied on the hazy concept of wage-price these basic economic changes it is di­ to $1.25 billion. guideposts, but cuts in redundant and rectly influencing. The administration considered adopting a nonessential spending. tourist headtax when Mr. Johnson put for­ The Nation, we argue, can afford both ward his emergency payments program 14 guns .and butter. But it cannot afford ADMINISTRATION POLICIES ACCEL­ months ago. It quickly abandoned the idea, rancid butter: , poorly ERATE MIGRATION OF FARMERS however, in the face of angry protests from FROM RURAL AMERICA travelers, airlines, steamship companies, and planned and poorly administered pro­ travel agencies. grams and unnecessary frills in pro­ Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ The simplest tourist restriction would im­ grams. Republicans have made many mous consent that the gentleman from pose a set tax, say $100, on each person who concrete suggestions for areas in which Minnesota [Mr. LANGEN] may extend his travels abroad. to withhold or cut spending. One area remarks at this point in the RECORD and A new administration wrinkle would pro­ Republicans have not recommended, it include extraneous matter. vide for a per diem levy, instead. The tax is important to note, is in the w,ages and could be set at $10 a day, for example, and a The SPEAKER. Is there objection traveler then would have to pay $10 for each salaries of Federal employees. Here in­ to the request of the gentle.. nan from day that he spends outside the United States. creases are necessary to compensate for Missouri? The expectation is that the Cabinet Com­ the loss of purchasing power already ex­ There was no objection. mittee will respond to a $1.25 billion deficit perienced through inflation. So long as Mr. LANGEN. Mr. Speaker, on Fri­ forecast by recommending that Mr. John­ the administration fails to perform its day, April 8, the House Minority Task son call for tougher dollar outlay holddown major and historical economic function, on Agriculture issued a statement by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara namely, to preserve the integrity of the and foreign aid administrator David Bell. In charging that administration policies are addition, it is anticipated that the group will dollar, we must permit our people to pre­ accelerating the migration of farmers propose that the President try to save several serve their standard of living by cost-of­ from rural America. hundred million dollars more by putting ad­ living increases in their earnings or re­ In that statement we expressed our ditional muscle into the voluntary controls tirement benefits. deep concern over recent Government that now are in force on overseas bank lend­ The theory that the Vietnam war has actions which, first, lowered the price of ing and on business direct investment in played a major part in. influencing the foreign projects. hides to livestock producers by limiting domestic economy has been disputed. exports; second, cost grain farmers mil­ One factor I would point out to those who lions of dollars in lost income due to do not agree that war spending h.as had heavy dumping of CCC grains; third, EVIDENCE OF THE PRESSURE OF a deep impact is the difficulty business­ DEFENSE PURCHASING ON DO­ held down prices to thousands of sugar men are having in meeting increasing producers by opening the door to greater MESTIC PRODUCERS AND THE Government defense orders. Cotton tex­ sugar imports; and fourth, threaten to ECONOMY tiles is a specific area where defense de­ substantially affect the dairy industry Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ mand for certain staple fabrics has over- further by allowing the expansion of mous consent that the gentleman from . strained capacity to produce. Unknown dairy imports. And, we also made note Missouri [Mr. CURTis] may extend his to m,any of us, businessmen face a great of the fact that now, while pork imports remarks at this point in the RECORD and complex of procedures when they supply are going up and hog prices are going include extraneous matter. Federal orders, and these procedures are down, no action is being taken by the ad~ The SPEAKER. Is there objection confusing businessmen newly entering ministration. to the request of the gentleman from the defense supply field. A recent article in the New York Times Missouri? In response to demands from business, carried the headline "Freeman Elated There was no objection. the Commerce Department has scheduled Over Price Drop." This is the first time Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speake!', the na­ 14 meetings across the Nation at which in history, Mr. Speaker, that a Secretary tional economy has been operating on a defense contractors will be briefed on of Agriculture has gone on record as wartime basis since September 1965, the operation of the defense materials being happy over a drop in farm prices-­ when monthly expenditures from the system and priorities. an attitude which I find really incred­ Federal administrative budget leaped up The Commerce Department's defense ible. Perhaps this is part of the reason to a new high. Expenditures for that materials system and priorities regulate why over half a million farms have dis­ month reached $9.5 billion, the highest the flow of materials and products to appeared since he took office, and a clue level of monthly spending in the Na­ military, atomic energy and space pro­ to why we will see another 100,000 evap­ tion's history except for June 1964, which grams and assist defense contractors and orate this year. resulted from end-of-fiscal-year spend­ suppliers to complete their contract It is clear that the administration, in ing pressure. schedules on time. hurriedly looking around for a scapegoat Spending since September has contin­ These meetings were arranged at the to protect itself from consumer wrath, ued at high monthly levels, levels higher request of businessmen throughout the has chosen to pin the blame for rising than average monthly expenditures since country who hold or expect to get de­ living costs upon farmers rather than 1961. In October 1965, spending was fense contracts, the Department of Com­ upon the President's own inflationary $8.8 billion, in November $9.1 billion, in merce said when scheduling the meet­ policies. Our task force directly chal­ December $9.4 billion, in January 1966 ings. Businessmen are seeking answers lenges the administration's position that $8.8 billion and in February $8.2 billion. to problems created in their oper.ations rising living costs can be checked by low­ In previous years average monthly ex­ by increased military procurement. In­ ering the prices of farm commodities. penditures were about $7.5 billion. dustry's questions, reports the Commerce It is important to note that 61 percent These high levels of Government ex­ Department, involve the use of priority of the cost of the food in the housewife's penditures have been in part due to rated orders under which contractors, shopping basket is added after it leaves spending tn pay for "guns" for the war in subcontractors, and suppliers obtain the farm. Vietnam, in combination with new ex­ materials, supplies, and components for Mr. Speaker, the administration's posi­ penditures for domestic "butter." They Department of Defense, Atomic Energy tion here is hypocritical at best. While have resulted in widely noted increases Commission, and National Sp.ace and the President has set wage increase in the cost of living, increases most evi­ Aeronautics Agency programs. guidelines of 3.2 percent for the rest of denced in rising prices for basic con­ This activity is a concrete example the economy, he is depressing prices to sumer items. If the Johnson adminis­ that Vietnam spending is having a deep the farmer-who even now is earning tration continues its hi.gh spending the structural effect on the national econ­ only about 60 percent as much as the pressures now generating price increases omy. It is not only generating much average city worker. and shortages in skilled manpower, es­ new demand, but creating shifts in es­ The administration must be reminded sential raw materials, andplant capacity sential material uses which will have that it has an obligation and a respon­ will surely continue. Republicans rightly much longer term effects in promoting sibility to the farmer. The task force 8196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE April 18, 1966 calls on the administration to declare tn its past price support operation," he said, trend in food prices, as can rea.dily be seen that it will immediately end these price "now we're releasing them into the market:" from the table below:_ Secretary Freeman, however, would not ad­ [In billions of dollarsJ depressing practices which are so in­ mit that the purpose of the sales was to hold consistent with the best interests of both down prices, and referred to such charges as farmer and consumer. "political noise.'' His reticence may have Total ' Civilian ex- Year mar:Jiing Farm value pendltures for Following is the full text of the task been prompted by the desire to avoid a bar­ farm foods force statement: rage of criticism such as he received last year when he testified before the House Agri­ STATEMENT BY THE HOUSE REPUBLICAN TASK 1950 ______23.9 17.6 .1.5 FORCE ON AGRICULTURE', APRIL 8, 1966 culture Committee that the purpose of heavy 1955 ______32.0 18.3 50.3 CCC feed-grain sales in 1961-62 was "to move· 1960 ______41.0 20.9 61.9 Last year this task force issued a state­ our prices down far enough so that they 1965 ______48.2 24.5 72.7 ment deploring the harmful effects-in both would be way below the support level, the the rural and city areas--of the accelerating loan level, so that we could thereby get com­ - Source: USDA., Economic Research Service. exodus from the farms of rural America. In pliance." that statement we registered our profound SUGAR Let's compare farm prices and retail food concern over the administration's conten­ prices of February 1951, when the Korean tion, as expressed by both President Johnson The administration moved to hold down war was at its height, With today's Vietnam and his t'hen Director of the Budget, Kermit the prices which thousands of domestic war prices. Gordon, that 2~ million additional farm­ sugarbeet and sugarcane growers could re­ U.S. Department of Agriculture figures ers-more than 9 million men, women, and ceive for their crops, by opening the door to show that average prices received by farm­ children-would have to leave the land. unlimited imports of foreign sugar during ers ·for the commodities they market were the remainder of the first quarter of the MARKET OUTLOOK 13 percent lower in February 1966 than they calendar year. were in the same month of 1951. In his_budget message last year, President HIDES On the other hand, Bureau of Labor Sta­ Johnson said: "In view of the market out­ The prices of hides to cattlemen were low­ tistics figures show that in 1951, it took $9.54 look for farm commodities at home and ered as much as $3 to $4 a head by the ad­ to buy at retail the same food items and abroad, farming alone cannot be expected Ininistration's sudden action to limit exports. amounts which today cost $11.10--an in­ to provide a decent living in the future for Just 2 years ago when heavy cattle imports crease of more than 16 percent. more than about 1 million farm families, glutted the U.S. market and low prices were INFLATION NOT FARM PRICES even with continued Government assist­ forcing many cattlemen out of business, Sec­ ance." The President's reference to the retary of Commerce Hodges advised the farm­ With farm prices down 13 percent andre­ "market outlook for farm commodities" was ers to quit whining and go out and look for tail food prices up 16 percent between Amer­ particularly significant, since it has been new foreign markets for beef and beef prod­ ica's last two wars, clearly one must look through Agriculture Secretary Freeman's in­ ucts. Livestock producers carefully built up beyond the farmer to find the villain in the creasing manipulation of and groWing con­ an export market for hides, only to have the piece. The real villain is inflation-creep­ trol over the farm marketplace that the administration sharply restrict it. ing inflation at first and now rapidly increas­ administration has managed so successfully ing inflation. These facts have had ample to beat down farm prices and keep them at DAIRY confirmation in the events of recent weeks. depressed levels. It 1s easy to see that the Dairy farmers, also, have felt the lash of In the case of hides, for example, the ad­ most important factors involved in driving the economic whip. In his 1967 budget, the ministration justified its imposition of export our farmers from their land are in fact those President seeks an SO-percent slash in school controls on American hides by claiming the economic forces which are being created and milk funds, which would drop Inilk consump­ action would "prevent a substantial rise in fostered by the administration in its deliber­ tion by schoolchildren fully one-third, or ap­ · shoe prices. Increases in hide and leather ate efforts to reduce farm prices and income. proximately 1 billion half pints o! Inilk per prices," they said, "would have forced an REVERSE MIGaATION year. Obviously, the effect of this quantity increase in shoe prices of 5 percent or more." of milk moving into the marketplace instead Since the export limitation was applied, hide Now, in apparent response to the concern o! the schools, can only be to hold down prices to farmers have dropped 15 to 20 per­ which has been expressed by this task force dairy prices. cent, but shoe prices are going up 3 to 8 and many other people over the continuing In addition, the administration has to date percent anyway. migration ·from rural America to our cities, refused to implement authority in present HIDE COSTS NOT THE PROBLEMS Secretary Freeman has come forward with law to make open market dairy purchases for the suggestion that it might be a good thing domestic and foreign donation programs. Particularly revealing is the comment of if this migration were to be reversed. We Also, the Armed Forces have reportedly been one shoe in.dustry official who said that "The heartily concur With this suggestion, but find ordered in some cases to decrease the use of hide market can go down even lower levels it highly inconsistent With his policies and butter, and in other instances to substitute and the prices of shoes is still going to go up. actions which have, up to now, achieved ex­ margarine for butter in rations for military Regardless of the cost of hides, the price of actly the opposite effect. personnel. These actions tend to keep dairy shoes must go up to maintain already low The record reveals, for instance, that since prices from rising. industry profit margins." Industry sources Secretary Freeman took office, more than Finally, dairy farmers received little en­ said that increased operating and labor costs half a million farms have disappeared, and couragement from the recent price support have been a primary factor in the shoe price about 2% Inillion men, women, and children and class I price announcement by the Sec­ increases. have left the farming population. · This year retary of Agriculture. The prospect of ex­ In the case of pork, hog prices to farmers approximately 100,000 more farms will evap­ panded dairy imports being used to force have declined as much as 15 percent in re­ orate from the face o! rural America. downward the price of Inilk, butter, and cent weeks, with no noticeable effect on re­ It is not difficult to understand why the cheese is disturbing. tail prices. All of the costs which are added farmers are leaving their fields, for the John­ from the time the hog leaves the farm until son administration and Secretary Freeman FARMER SACRIFICED the consumer buys a pound of bacon or pork have consistently pursued policies which The Johnson administration apparently chops at the retail meat counter continue to have depressed the prices of farm commodi­ feels that the farmer should be sacrificed on mount. ties. In the recent past, for exa-mple, the ad­ the altar of cheap food. The truth of the And just last week when the Labor Depart­ ministration has taken act.ion in four major matter is, however, that neither farmers nor ment announced a major cost-o!-ltving rise areas: grains, sugar, hides, and dairy prod­ consumers have benefited from this policy for February, Arnold Chase, Assistant Com­ uets. of depressing farm prices. missioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics GRAIN DUMPING The administration, hurriedly looking told a news conference that s.ince the middle Huge quantities of Government-owned around !or a scapegoat to protect itself from of February the wholesale price index for grains have been dumped on the market in consumer wrath, has chosen to pin the blame farm and processed foods had fallen by one­ an effort to depress both grain and livestock for rising living costs upon farmers rather half of 1 percent, and admitted that the prices. Large amounts of corn have been than upon the President's own in:flationary drop in wholesale prices may not have "an sold from CCC bins, lowering the market policies. immediate impact" on prices paid by con­ price to the farmer. Commodity Credit FOOD COSTS sumers. Some of the lower wholesale prices may never reach consumers at all 1f middle­ Corporation wheat has also been used to de­ Housewives are painfully aware of the men increase their take, he said. press prices, and often just the threat of a sharp increases 1n food prices, especially Government sale has caused prices to nose­ meat. Many believe the farmer is the prin­ HAPPY OVER LOW PRICES dive. cipal beneficiary. Yet it is a fact that 61 And yet with all this evidence on record, Gardner Ackley, Chairman of the Presi­ percent of the cost of the food in the house­ with the farmer earning only about 60 per­ dent's Council of Ec·onomic Advisers, con­ wife's shopping basket is added after it leaves cent as much as the average city worker, fessed in a nationWide television interview the farm. Through the years, higher proc­ with lnflationary pressures pushing farm pro­ on March 10 that the heavy corn sales were essing, packaging, transportation, and han­ duction costs to an all-time record high, made to "hold down the price of corn. The dling costs, along with higher taxes and Secretary of Agriculture Freeman continues Government's acquired large stocks of corn wages, have accounted for the major upward to use his authority to drive the prices o! April 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8197 farm commodities downward, and is gen­ at a lower level of interest rates than proposal, published in Newsweek maga­ uinely elated when he succeeds, as this head­ might otherwise prevail. zine, April 4, 1966, in the RECORD at this line of a. recent article in the New York Yale professor of economics, Henry C. point: Times reveals--"Freeman Elated Over Price Drops." Meanwhile, other. a.dmlnistration Wallich, a member of the Council of Eco­ DEPRECIATION FOR SAVERS spokesmen such as Gardner Ackley continue nomic Advisers under President Eisen­ (By Henry C. Wallich) to claim that the cost-of-living rise can be hower, offers a proposal worthy of close As the traditional spring rite of filling in halted by further dep.ressing farm prices. consideration. Professor Wallich notes form 1040 begins, taxpayers will be looking For the administration to take such a. that anyone owning income-producing for legitimate ways of holding down their position is hypocritical at ·best, and will have real property is allowed to deduct de­ taxable income. One such device is to de­ tragic consequences for the farmers and busi­ preciation of this property from his in­ duct depreciation on income-producing prop­ nessmen of rural America. The President come for tax purposes. The rationale is erty. This is open not only to businessmen, has set a wage increase guideline of 3.2 per­ that this property depreciates through but to anyone who owns income-producing cent for the rest of the economy, but is de­ property, such as a rental dwelling. The law pressing prices to the farmer. wear and tear and can be thought of as reasons that this kind of property depreciates diminishing the taxpayer's true income. ADMINISTRATION NOT CONCERNED through wear and tear. The taxpayer's true Similarly, income-producing financial income is diminished by depreciation. It seems quite obvious that neither Sec­ property can be said to depreciate by the Hence the law permits depreciation to be retary Freeman nor anyone else in the John­ amount of inflation annually, also dimin­ deducted in computing taxable income. son administration is even halfway con­ This option is not open to the many mil­ cerned about stemming the migration of ishing income. In fairness to savers, therefore, the definition of depreciable lions of taxpayers whose income-producing farmers and rural Americans to the cities, property takes the form of savings deposits for if they are, surely they would make use property ought to be extended to savings or of bonds yielding interest. The law here of the most obvious and practical key to the deposits and similar assets. reasons that assets fixed in dollar terms are .solution of the problem by immediately Part of the high interest rates during not subject to depreciation. Unfortunately, calling a halt to their price depressing prac­ times of inflation can be thought of as the law is wrong. tices. Secretary Freeman's call to reverse the an inflation premium, compensating the Under the policies the Government is pur­ migration would be a welcome note indeed saver for the loss in purchasing power suing today, a steady depreciation of the dol­ if it were at all believable, -but it just doesn't lar is very probable. The Secretary of the fit into the tune which the Secretary and the resulting from rising price levels, Profes­ sor Wallich notes. And it is this premium Treasury has said that a 2 percent rate of rest of the Johnson administration have been inflation, although unwelcome and undesir­ playing for so long. which should be treated exactly as a de­ able, is tolerable. In fairness to savers, FIRST STEP preciation allowance for other property. therefore, the definition of depreciable prop­ The Rouse Republican Task Force on Agri­ A taxpayer should be simply allowed to erty ought to be extended to savings de­ culture enthusiastically endorses the con­ deduct the year's rise in the consumer posits and similar assets. cept of reversing the migration and revitaliz­ price index from the average interest he INFLATION PREMIUM received· from his savings and pay tax ing rural America. As we pointed out last If depreciation of the dollar were recog~ y·ear, the decline of rural America is harmful only on the residual. For instance, if the nized as a legitimate deduction, savers would to the entire Nation. But we cannot empha­ 2 percent inflation which the Secretary gain somewhat better protection against in­ size too strongly that the first and most im­ of the Treasury has called tolerable be­ flation. Present high interest rates already portant step in "rural revitalization" must comes a continual occurrence, then the contain what may be called ·an inflation pre­ be to allow the producers of food and fiber mium. This compensates the saver in some a fair return for their efforts. The Johnson individual who receives 5 percent inter­ est on his savings deposit should have to measure for depreciation of principal. But administration has it in its power to do the premium is partly nullified if he has to something constructive for the farmer. It pay income tax only on 3 percent in­ pay taxes upon it. The tax collector should can do this by declaring that from this day terest. treat the inflation premium exactly as he forward the administration will no longer This p_rovision can rationally be made treats the depreciation allowance for other engage in any price practices inconsistent only applicable to individual savers since property. · with the best interests of the farmer-we business in general receives little of its To compute the depreciation allowance for urge that the administration make this dec­ income in interest and banks and other savings would be a good deal simpler than laration now. financial institutions are in unique posi­ for most other depreciable property. The tions. Pension fund and life insurance rate if inflation is known from the consumer benefits payable to individuals should price index. The information could be sup­ A PROPOSAL TO PROTECT SAVERS plied by the Treasury with form 1040. also be included if possible and some The taxpayer would also have to know the AGAINST INFLATION provision would have to be made for the rate of interest he received on his savings. Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ interest payments which are presently In the case of bonds, this is stated on the mous consent that the gentleman from tax deductible. bond and the coupon. In the case of inter­ Kansas [Mr. ELLSWORTH] may extend his Professor Wallich maintains that the est on deposits or savings-and-loan shares, remarks at this point in the RECORD and revenue cost to the Treasury would not the bank or savings-and-loan association include extraneous matter. , be exorbitant. Based on 1963 reported could inforDn the saver of the average rate he received. Since h~ already gets a state­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection taxable interest, applicable tax rates, the ment of his total interest receipts, supplying to the request of the gentleman from rise in the price index and an interest this information would be no great burden. Missouri? rate of 4 percent, the amount might be Then, if the taxpayer found that the rate There was no objection. $1.25 billion. Inasmuch as the proposal of inflation was 2 percent and he received Mr. ELLSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, it is would induce greater individual saving, interest at 5 percent, he would deduct the 2 indicative of the administration's con­ the revenue loss would make a definite percent and arrive at an income for tax pur­ flicting and inconsistent economic pol­ contribution to fighting inflation while at poses of 3 percent. ices that, on the one hand, President the same time benefiting those partic­ BUSINESS TREATMENT Johnson counsels us all to restrain our ularly unfairly hit by price level in­ Complications pro"Qably would arise if the urge to spend, while on the other hand, creases. proposal were to be extended to businesses. Now is the time to begin consideration For most businesses, interest in any event is the income tax system has a built-in bias not an important form of income. Banks against saving in inflationary times. of a tax adjustment to benefit our savers. and other financial institution.s are in a spe­ The incentive to save is certainly weak­ When the current inflationary boom sub­ cial position that makes the present proposal ened when price increases reduce the sides, fairness to our savers deserves h,igh inapplicable. Hence the proposal should be value of the dollars we set aside and then priority, and the Congress should be pre­ limited to individual taxpayers. Life insur­ the interest received on bonds, savings­ pared to act with dispatch. We might ance and pension-fund benefits payable to and-loan shares and time deposits is even find that depreciation for savers be­ individuals, however, should be included, if taxed as fully as real income. It is most comes a useful addition to our battery of the computational difficulties can be over­ economic stabilizers. Certainly it is less come. unfair to require the saver to pay a tax Whether a corresponding adjustment on that portion of interest he receives oppressive to encourage greater personal should be made for interest paid by individ­ which is purely an inflation premium. saving than to increase Government in­ uals is an open question. Interest payments It also makes little economic sense to come taxes. now are tax deductible. In tiDne of inflation, discourage saving when a higher level Under unanimous consent, I include this conveys a double benefit; the tax deduc­ could dampen inflationary demand and Professor Wallich's description of his tion and the reduction in the real value of 8198 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 18, 1966 the debt. In fairness, the tax deduction disruption or inconvenience. The adminis­ remarks at this point in the RECORD and ought to be reduced in proportion to the tration proposes to extend by 5 months the include extraneous matter. depreciation of the debt. For home mort­ October 1972, terminal date for the comple­ gages, the amounts involved would be easy tion of the $46.8 billion Interstate Hig,hway The SPEAKER. Is there objection to compute. They would be almost impos­ System. There is still more than $21 billion to the request of the gentleman from sible to compute, however, for consumer of work to be done, and since the Federal Missouri? · credit with its many hidden charges. Government supplies 90 percent of the funds There was no objection. The revenue cost of this proposal would on a matching basis it is in position to affect Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, I hope not be exorbitant. Based on 1963 reported the pace of the work. Rather than merely taxable interest, applicable tax rates, the rise extend the terminal date by a few months, the French Government wm reconsider in the price index and interest at 4 percent, action should be taken to slow down the its decision regarding ceremonies at Les the amount might be a billion and a quar­ present pace of activity which require annual Invalides, so that the annual June 10 ter dollars. These benefits would go, how­ outlays of over $3 billion. And so long as ceremony honoring the memory of the ever, to those particularly unfairly hit by the markets for construction, labor, and ma­ first American fatally wounded in the inllation. Obviously the present is no time terials are tight, there should also be cut­ liberation of Paris can be continued. to make tax concessions to anyone. But backs on the public works projects that are when times change and tax reform once drawn from the congressional pork barrel. The French action, as reported, reflects more can be considered, fairness to savers Unlike the informal controls that reduce resentment which probably stems from deserves high priority. the efficiency of the price system, little harm the stern tone of official communications is done by the exercise of presidential suasion. from Washington to Paris and the at­ But its effectiveness in reducing the volume tempts of our administration to under­ CAN THE BOOM BE COOLED? of private investment is limited by forces that cut the French Government at home. operate in a highly impersonal manner. Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ High administration officials recently mous consent that the gentleman from granted to Paris periodicals interviews Kansas [Mr. ELLSWORTH] may extend his critical of French policies and obviously remarks at this point in the RECORD and VETERAN PREFERENCE IN STATE aimed at local public opinion. include extraneous matter. DEPARTMENT Last year, members of the factfinding The SPEAKER. Is there objection Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ mission sent to Paris on NATO problems to the request of the gentleman from mous consent that the gentleman from by the Republican conference of this Missouri? Kansas [Mr. ELLSWORTH] may extend his body had the privilege of participating There was no objection. remarks at this point in the RECORD and in the ceremony. Mr. ELLSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, the include extraneous matter. Last week, learning the French Gov­ lead editorial in this morning's Washing­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection ernment had tentatively decided to bar ton Post is entitled "Can the Boom Be to the request of the gentleman from future ceremonies of this type from the Cooled?" It contains some of the best Missouri? French national shrine, I sent a cable­ advice I have seen on how Federal spend­ There was no objection. gra~ to M. Edmund Giscard d'Estaing, ing projects can be stretched out and Mr. ELLSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, dur­ president of the France-Amelique Com­ cut back in order to effectively bring the ing the last session of Congress, I strongly mittee. Our mission, which I served as forces of inflati<>n under effective con­ favored the policy of veteran preference chairman, had been graciously enter­ trol. in State Department employment--and tained by M. Giscard d' Estaing and the I commend it to my colleagues and es­ still do. Recently I received a letter committee during our visit in Paris. pecially to the White House: from Andy Borg, commander in chief The committee was established 50 years ago to promote French-American CAN THE BooM BE COOLED? of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, about a statement I made friendship. Although a nu~ber of prominent corpo­ others on the mission were Represent­ rate executives wrote the President that they in support of veteran preference. I fully would reduce outlays for new plant and agree with Andy Borg that the issue de­ atives HAsTINGS KEI.TH, of Massachu­ equipment, the McGraw-Hill survey indi­ serves the widest public attention, and setts. ALEXANDER PIRNIE, of New York, cates capital spending during this year will commend Mr. Borg's letter to my col­ and JAMES MARTIN, Of Alabama. be 19 percent higher than in 1965. Juxtapos­ leagues: Text of my cablegram, dated April14: ing these facts does not impugn the corporate VETERANS OF FOREIGN I hope your committee will use its tnllu­ leadet~ who volunteered their cooperation in WARS OF THE UNI-TED STATE;S, ence to persuade the French" Government to the etrort to stem inflationary pressures. But April15, 1966. it does suggest that presidential suasion may reconsider its reported decision to bar the Hon. ROBERT ELLSWORTH, annual ceremony June 10 at Les Invalides in not be very effective in cooling of! the capital U.S. House of Representatives, spending boom. Paris, honoring the memory of Sgt. Russell ~ashington,D.C. Kelly, of Pa.• the first American Unlike water that flows through a faucet, DEAR CONGRESSMAN ELLSWORTH: The Vet­ Altoona. capital spending cannot simply be turned erans of Foreign Wars is presently engaged fatally wounded in the liberation of Paris.. of!. The erection of new industrial build­ in an effort to prevent the elimination of · It has taken many years to develop ings and the production of industrial equip­ French-American friendship but considering ment requires a good deal ()f leadtime be­ veteran preference from the Department of State. As you know, H.R. 6277, which you the impact of today's press, radio, and TV, tween the placing of orders and the comple­ the goodwill of centuries can be destroyed tion of projects. No details were released by opposed in the House last year, would accom­ plish this purpose. Having passed the in a very brief period. I have observed with the White House on what types of capital great concern the rising of anti-French l!lpending may be cut back. But it is a fair House, the bill is now scheduled for hearings in the Senate next week. feelings in this country. This tide must be presumption that much of t~e reduction'af­ fects projects that are now in the early plan­ Your outstanding statement in support reversed. ning stages and would not in any case affect of veteran preference during the House de­ Our mission to Paris last June, indeed all the demand for labor and materials during bate on H.R. 6277 is of such merit that I am · the work of our committee, has been di­ this year.. Because of ·the leadtimes, White having a copy of it sent to each Member o1 rected toward improving relations with House suasion could misfire, reducing invest­ the Senate. Your concise summary of the France and our other allies. We have been ment not now but in the future when its basis for veteran preference and the signifi­ urging our own Government to take the cance of continuing its application through­ rapid growth wo,uld be essential to mainte­ initiative in this. If the annual ceremony nance of income and employment. out the Government today, deserves the wid­ est possible public attention. at Les Invalides is not permitted, our task A second d.iftlculty stems from the inter­ Will be more diftlcult. No matter what prov­ related demands of industry. A high level of The members of the Veterans of Foreign demand for autos and other durables places Wars commend you for yolll" leadership. ocations form the background for the deci­ strong pressures on the steel industry to ex­ With all good wishes, I am, sion, it would assuredly provoke deep re­ pand its ca.pa.city, and the steel industry's re­ Sincerely yours, sentment and cut wounds that will take quirements in turn affect capUal spending ANDYBOJW, years to heal. in the mining and machinery industries. Commander in Chief. Here is an opportunity for France to set a Business leaders, however strong the,ir desire tone of magnanimity ~d friendship which to make decisions that are consistent with hopefully wW inspire our Government to price stability, cannot be immune to the MEMORIAL IN PARIS :follow suit. momentum of market forces. PAUL FINDLEY, But there are classes of investment proj­ Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanl.. Chairman, House .Republican Committe~ ects with shorter leadtimes whose deferral mous consent that the gentleman from on NATO •nd the Atlantic Commu­ can probably be accomplished _without great Dlinois [Mr. FINDLEY] may extend h1s nity. April 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8199 ABRAHAM LINCOLN BAY AT NA­ 2 label mould terminations, each___ _ $325 3 carved bosses, each ______sonal patronage for the selection of TIONAL CATHEDRAL 800 members of the Capitol Hill Police force 1 lancet window------2,000 Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanl- Marble fiooring ______3,000 be abolished, that all officers be required mous consent that the gentleman from Carved tympanum (arched space to pass a special training course at the Illinois [Mr. FINDLEY] may extend his above door)------3, 700 academy conducted by the Metropolitan remarks at this point in the RECORD and 1 large window, 3 lancets, each_____ 5, ooo Police, that all new officers be required include extraneous matter. Statue of Lincoln (estimated)------34, ooo to complete this course before going on The SPEAKER. Is there objection This undertaking is supported by a na- duty, that the pay, benefits. and working to the request of the gentleman from tiona! group of sponsors which includes conditions of the Capitol Hill Police be Missouri? many leading Lincoln students and admirers made comparable with the Washington There was no objection. throu_ghout the country: Elden E. Billings, Metropolitan Police. M FINDLEY M S k A . Washmgton, D.C.; the Honorable EdwarQ. w. The Capitol Hill Police force, under r. · r. pea _er on Prl1 - Brooke, Boston, Mass.; the Honorable Ralph 15, the Very Reve.rend Fran~1s B. Sayre, J. Bunche, New York, N.Y.; congressman present circumstances, is understaffed Jr., dean of Washington Natwnal Cathe- PAuL FINDLEY, Pittsfield, Ill.; Arnold Gates, and underpaid. For the most part it is dral, announced that a new portion of Garden City, N.Y.; Carl Haverlin, Northridge, also badly undertrained. Discipline is this great edifice will memorialize Abra- Calif.; R. Gerald McMurtry, Fort Wayne, impossible because many of the police­ ham Lincoln. To be known as the Abra- Ind.; David C. Mearns, Washington, D.C.; men hold their jobs under the personal ham Lincoln Bay, it-like other parts of Allan Nevins, San M~ino, Calif.; Ralph G. patronage system. If they get into the cathedral-will be financed from ~ewman, Chicago, Ill., C. Percy Powell, Ken- trouble, all they need do is run to their . . . smgton, Md.; the Honorable Fred Schwengel, gifts made specifically for that purpose. washington, D.C.; wayne c. Temple, Spring- patron for intercession. The announcement came on the lOlst field, Ill.; Clyde c. Walton, Springfield, m.; I hope the Committee on House Ad­ anniversary of the death of the Civil Senator RALPH w. YARBoRouGH, Austin, Tex. ministration will have the opportunity War President. The bay, counterbal- In commenting on the inclusion of a Lin­ s.oon to begin hearings with the objective ancing one already completed in memory coin Bay as a memorial in the Washington of making improvements along these of President Washington, is further evi- National Cathedral, Dean _sayre said: "The lines. dence of the ever-mounting influence of gaunt face of Abraham Lmc?ln, graved on . . the pennies of the poor, musmg among the It may be that the best police force the life of Lincoln. More than a century visitors to the marble silence of his memorial in the world would not have prevented has passed since the ~sassin's bullet by the Potomac, is the image of what every the incident in which the gentleman opened the fatal wound m the back of American would like himself to be. No soft­ from New Hampshire [Mr. CLEVELAND] the Emancipator's head. ness hides the hard bone of combat and sac- was involved. It was, .however, a very With each passing year the Lincoln rifice. The mouth is without disguise, the timely reminder that 'the Capitol Hill story grows, inspiring each succeeding chin firm against adversity. Yet deep in Police force needs better training, better generation not only within this broad those shadow~d ey~s is forgiveness and trust pay, and more numbers. ' d th . and patience mfirute. Every furrow of that 1an d • . b u t aroun e wor1 d. :VIthout beloved visage traces the wellspring of un- CAPITOL POLICE question, he has become preemment in derstanding that was in him-and deep down When Washington was a relatively quiet world literature second only to Christ. in us. The inviolate call of destiny, the hard village on the banks of the Potomac, students I am confident that individuals and responsibility of emancipation: this is the and other inexperienced young men could be groups from every land will eventually glory we see reflected upon his face. made policemen .at the Capitol without se­ take part in financing this appropriate "Every generation of Lincoln's countrymen rious consequences. Now tha.t Washington recognition. will build its own memorial to that man who has become the nucleus of a crime-ridden As the representative of the Lincoln was the prisoner of none. Some through so- metropolitan center it is sheer folly to ad­ · i . . . cial battle will be true to him; others, recon­ here to the same policy. distnct n Illmms I am hl~hly honored to clUng, shall be instruments of his vision. The question is not whether a professional be listed among the national group of And we who are called in the 20th century to police force would have prevented the at­ sponsors. build a great shrine in the Nation's Capital- tack on Representative CLEVELAND the other The announcement of the Abraham an eloquent token of its uniting faith-must nJght. The suspect arrested in that case Lincoln Bay, as issued by John C. Chapin, also refiect the glory that was upon his life. was ..a janitor in the Longworth Building. communications warden at the cathedral, "Hence the Lincoln memorial in Washing- Nevertheless, this crime centers attention on follows: ton Cathedral. His face in stone, the record the unpreparedness of the capitol Police to · WASHINGTON, D.C., April 15, 1966.-The of his testing writ in stained glass, a place provide the kind of protection that Congress ·very Reverend Francis B. Sayre, Jr., dean of by the great front door set aside for that and its various activities ought to have. To Washington National· Cathedral, has an- man whose life is what we would wish our our way of thinking, all these omcers of the nounced the designation of a new portion country's life to be. Abraham Lincoln. law should be chosen for their experience o! the cathedral as the "Abraham Lincoln rooted in God, servant of all." and aptitude for -the work. They should be 'b'alned at least as well as a.re members of Bay." His statement was made on April 15, the Metropolitan Police, and the pay should. the anniversary of the President's death. be enough to attract men of the proper Standing near the eventual site of the CAPITOL POLICE great west doors of the cathedral, this loca­ qualifications. tion exactly counterbalances the George Mr. HALL. Mr. ~peaker, I ask unani­ Washington Bay on the opposite side of the mous consent that the gentleman from cathedral. The bay 1s 18 feet wide and 22 Dlinois [Mr. FINDLEY] may extend his STOCKPILE BILL DANGEROUS feet long, with its walls now standing in remarks at this point 1n the RECORD and PROPOSAL place. include extraneous matter. The central feature of the bay is expected The SPEAKER. Is there objection Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ to be a superb 8 foot statue of Lincoln; to the request of the gentleman from mous consent that the gentleman from stained glass windows will illustrate high­ Dlinois [Mr. FINDLEY] may extend his Missouri? lights of his career; and special symbolic remarks at this point in the RECORD and There was no objection. stone carving is planned. Scholars among include extraneous matter. the national sponsors of this undertaking Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the The SPEAKER. there objection will give their expert advice on these em- April! issue of the Washington Post car­ is the request of the gentleman from bellishments. · ried an editorial proposing improvements to Just as construction of the Washington Missouri? Bay was made possible by subscriptions of in the police system on Capitol Hill. The editorial was especially gratifying to me There was no objection. individuals throughout the country, so too Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, in this can Americans who admire Abraham Lincoln because ~t backs up point by point rec­ give their support to further this memorial ommendations that I made immediately age of big, centralized government. no to him. after the unfortunate recent incident in segment of the business community is Since there are .no funds currently avail­ which our colleague, the gentleman from completely free of Federal control and able for its completion and embellishment, New Hampshire, Representative JAMES regulation. Big brother is watching indivlduals or groups Dl.ay underwrite por­ everybody-if not aU the time, at least tions of the bay, or make memorial gifts C. CLEVELAND, was attacked, injured, and of particular items: robbed while working in h1s omce in the some of the time. Those who deal in farm oommodities-­ Building stones, each______$10 Longworth Building. Ornamented stones, each ______25 At that time I recommended that whether as merchants. warehousemen, 3 stone wall shields, each------70 the archaic·and 1neftlcient system of per- exporters, commission men. trad-ers~ or CXII--517-Part 6 8200 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 18, 1966 farmers-are given exceptional atten­ ment there is Mr. Freeman's own con- concept. He told a St. Louis farm audi­ tion. Not only are they subject to licens­ fession last year when he candidly told ence recently that this "calls for adding ing and regulation by big brother-they the House Agriculture Committee this to Government stocks when production also have him as their principal com­ about the mammoth CCC corn dumping exceeds needs and selling them when de­ petitor. program of 1961-62: mand and prices are strong." That is The $14.5 billion monster which goes We purposely sold in order to move our the principle on which the ever-normal by the name of Commodity Credit Cor­ prices down far enough so that they would granary rests, but is the CCC carrying poration is one of the world's biggest be way below the support level, the loan it out in practice? The Government has business enterprises. In a single day, level, so that we would thereby get com· dumped several hundred million bushels CCC acquires and sells, stores and ships pliance. That was the whole intent and of corn into the marketplace right on a larger volume of farm commodities purpose and thrust of the program. top of the largest corn crop in history. than many dealers will handle in a year, Mr. Freeman freely admitted that, in , Sales have been deliberately bunched for perhaps a lifetime. It can make or selling CCC stocks, he was seeking to maximum adverse effect-as much as 79 break market prices-and it does both force farmers into signing up for his million bushels in a single week. The with frightening unpredictability. 1963 feed grains control program. The entire operation has been directed Often, I might add, in an arbitrary man­ current corn-dumping operation has toward breaking the price of corn, not ner that smacks of election-day politics. been aimed at clubbing farmers into the strengthening it. Congress, in its sometimes not so in­ 1966 program, with the further objective Government regulation of farm prices finite wisdom, chartered CCC and of extralegal ceilings on livestock prices. is by no means confined to decisions to charged it with the task of "stabilizing, As all know and especially those who dump or not to dump CCC inventories supporting, and protecting farm income were on the w~ong side of the Freeman- nor to direct price-fixing programs. The and prices." But in fact, the adminis­ manipulated market the wholesale Department of Agriculture also deter­ tration has been employing CCC's vast dumping of CCC cor~ inventories de- mines which commodities shall be resources for two quite different pur­ pressed corn prices by several cents a pushed under Public Law 480 programs poses: First, to impose extralegal price bushel. The selling pressure spilled and in the case of wheat, which particu­ ceilings on farm commodities; and sec­ over into other pits as well. Even so, lar class~s of wheat. shall be eligible for ond, to drive down corn prices as a many farmers have refused to sign up programmg and which shall not be. In means of pressuring reluctant farmers with Orville for 1966. Intentions to recent years, for example, Soft Red Win­ to sign up under the feed grains pro­ plant indicate a higher corn acreage ter w~eat produced in Illinois and sur­ gram. than last year instead of the lower figure roundmg States has been all but ex- No one, least of all farmers and the Mr. Freeman 'sought. eluded from Public Law 480 allocations. Congress itself, could have foreseen such In the light of past experience, it may Moreove~, to make sur~ that this class a perversion of the purposes for which well be that farmers in large numbers of wheat Will mo~e. only m Government­ CCC was established. To revise the old see no percentage in reducing feed grain regulated quantities for dollar .sales saying a bit, it just goes to show that acreage if the Department of Agriculture ~broad, . the Departme,?-t systematically if you give a bureaucrat enough rope, is going to clobber them in the market- J';Iggles Its export subsid~ ra~es ~o as to he will hang you. place. Obviously, many farmers have discourage. exports. Thi~ sigruficantly To emphasize my point that CCC is decided the feed grains program is not affects Chicago wheat pnces. And the being employed as a price control device, to their advantage. Some may have Chicago market is still the bellwether for I quote no less an authority than the concluded that the way to beat' lower all U.S. and world wheat markets. chairman of the President's Council of corn prices is to produce and market It seems to me that supply and de­ Economic Advisers, Gardner Ackley. mor~ bushels. This would, of course, be ~and factors, not the capricious deci­ Parenthetically, it might be remembered self-defeating in the longrun But was Sions of control-minded Government of­ that he was among the architects of the it not Mr. Freeman and the ~ther farm ficials, shou~d determine market prices administration plan under which Gov­ experts such as HuBERT HUMPHREY who for the vanous classes and. f!rades of ernment copper stockpiles were dumped argued during the Ezra Benson years wheat, and for other commodities, too. at about one-half of the current replace­ that lower prices would force farmers It is interesting to note that at the ment price. Mr. Ackley made it all very to increase production as a means of ver~ time Mr. Freeman ,has been liqui­ clear in a television interview on the maintaining income? datmg t~~ Gov.ernment s corn reserve, "Today Show," March 10, 1966, when he This was economic moonshine then, the. admirustrat10n has before Congress said: and it still is. Nevertheless, farmers a bill, H.R. 1~784, which woulc;t author­ I mentioned the fact that increase in sup­ heard it so often during the 1950's that ize the .establishment and . mamtenance plies of pork depend on the difference be­ some of them may still believe it. of ag~Icultural. commodity reserves. tween the price of hogs and the price of ­ An interested person has to look only S?ch m the of the corn, and we're trying to hold down the Ieserv~s, lan~uage price of corn. The Government's acquired at the livestock industry to see that bill, would assure a contmuous, ade­ farmers normally adjust production in q.uate, a~d stable supp~y to meet domes- large stocks of corn in past price support . . tic reqUirements at fair and reasonable operation; now we're releasing them into response to priCe. ~t shoul~ be noted, prices, and also to meet the requirements the market. - however, that the livestock mdustry is of commercial exports, the food-for-free­ · In other words, Government-owned fr~e of both production controls and dam program and domestic feeding " corn is being used, and used successfully, pnce supports. If production of the . .' . . · to drive farm prices downward. price-controlled commodities seems to The admmistrat10n measure IS, in ef- Now if any one even attempted such respond irrationally at times to market feet •. ~n open end Pr?posal. The com­ manipulation of commodity prices, it prices, it must be remembered that this modities to. ~e stockpil~ a~·e not speci­ would be quite a different story. Agri­ response is to programs which them- fied. Quan~Itles are not mdicated. Costs culture Secretary Freeman's Commodity selves are often irrational. As someone are not estimated. Place and method of Exchange Authority would descend in once suggested in more picturesque Ian- sthorage are n?t set forth. It is a blank guage, there must be a better way to run c eck ?rOJ?OSition. full force. The dealer would be charged a railroad. If this bill becomes law, we can throw with violating CEA regulations and At the current rate of CCC dumping away.the brown-covered book ca.lled .the would be called before a hearing examin­ . . . ' compilation of U.S. farm legislatiOn. er. At best he might get off with a sus­ MI. Fleeman will have about reached The secretary of Agriculture will have pension of his trading privileges on the the bottom of his cornbin before the ample authority in H.R. 12784 to do al- Nation's contract markets for a year 1966 crop is, even in t~e ground: The most anything he wants to in the field or so. Governme~t s uncommitted ~o~n mven- of supply and farm control. I suggest, and not too facetiously, that tory t:<'day IS well below 200 million bush- The stockpiles could be reduced or Orville Freeman's CEA should cite Or­ els, little more ~h~n a 2-week supply, even liquidated "by sale at such times, ville Freeman himself for manipulating plus about 354 milhon reseal corn. for such uses, at such prices not les.s than commodity prices. In defending this dumping operation, those applicable to sales of commodities If the prosecution needed any more Secretary Freeman says he is merely by Commodity Credit Corporation and evidence than Gardner Ackley's state- carrying out the ever-normal granary upon such conditions as the Secretary April 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8201 may determine to be in the national in­ corn or wheat is "in danger of going out Moreover, and this is something none of terest." of condition"? Disasters may be of a us even wants to think about, a single Tile words "as the Secretary may de­ political, rather than economic nature, hydrogen bomb could wipe out an entire termine" and "as the Secretary may di­ but the unanticipated release of Gov­ city including people and stockpiled food. rect" appear repeatedly in the bill. lt ernment stocks has adverse economic In conventional war, such as the one would confer upon Mr. Freeman broader effect either way. in which we are involved on a limited powers than any previous Secretary of Dumpi.n.g of high-protein Government scale in Vietn.am, the private sector can Agriculture has ever sought or, in my wheat and the.offer to sell all grades was quickly boost food-and-fiber production. opinion, should ever have. explained recently as needed to fill a crit­ Corn and wheat production could be It would permit the Secretary to estab­ ical shortage, but later the real reason vastly increased with little strain simply lish a Government stockpile of every was given. It was to prevent an expected by increasing inputs of land and ferti­ imaginable farm commodity. It would rise in bread prices. lizer. The taxpayers rented 37 million also give him virtually unrestricted Even when legislative excuses are non­ acres under the feed grains program power to dump the stockpiles back into existent, Government stockpiles are alone last year, .and the farmers of the marketplace at any time. The temp­ sometimes dumped. Copper stockpiles America still produced an alltime record tation to use these accumulated re­ acquired by the Government for the sin­ crop of corn on the remaining acres. serves as a price control mechanism gle purpose of assuring adequate sup­ This illustrates the vast potential in pro­ would be irresistible for any Secretary plies for military emergencies were duction that could be tapped quickly in with a passion for Government regula­ dumped during the past year to drive w.artime in response to market require­ tion of the economy. And I would in­ down market prices. This should be am­ ments. Government stockpiles at the clude the present Secretary in that ple warning to those who believe Gov­ outset of World War II proved to have category. ernment stockpiles can be effectively in­ little strategic importance. Why does Secretary Freeman want sulated from the competitive market­ Drought conditions that would create this legislation? The answer is obvious. place. a serious domestic food shortage are al­ Government stocks of grain are dwin­ How about the broad national inter­ most inconceivable. Our farmland is dling and one of these days he may have est? Government stockpiles of grain widely dispersed. Modern _hybrid seeds none to dump. have existed for many years. The Com­ and fertilizers have been found to be re­ If stocks are not replenished, Secre­ modity Credit Corporation has been the markably resistant to drought. Even the tary Freeman will lose his most power­ dominant merchandiser of grain for a severe drought of 1934-36 had limited ful means of controlling commodity generation. Many processors have be­ impact on food supplies. Since then a prices. If he has no Government stock­ come accustomed to filling requirements myriad of agricultural improvements, in­ piles, he obviously cannot use them to largely from Government sources. To a cluding conservation practices and sup­ drive down market prices. If he cannot considerable extent, the grain-mer­ plemental water, make a widespread drive down market prices, he will have chandising facilities of the private sec­ crop failure unlikely. Statistic.al in­ even greater difficulty getting farmers to tor have atrophied. The private trade formation and outlook reports have be­ comply with planting programs. If he has relied so heavily and so long on Gov­ come refined to a point where most prob­ cannot get compliance, a major part of ernment as the primary source of supply lems can be anticipated months in ad­ his vast bureaucracy will be out of busi­ that the thought this might end is dis­ vance. ness. That eventuality, I might add, turbing to tradesmen and the general But suppose, for speculative purposes, would be a blessing to American people public alike. a nationwide drought did occur to such as taxpayers, consumers and farmers. Can the plivate sector pick up where it an extent that shortages became immi­ Several factors have led to the de­ left off years ago, and do a satisfactory nent. cline in Government holdings of grain­ job without leaning on big brother? Normally, the United States has a cat­ accelerated overseas giveaways, strength­ What of drought or nuclear war? Time tle population of about 100 million, plus ened cash markets, substitution of direct and again I have heard the argument substantial numbers of hogs and sheep. payments !'or higher price supports in that Government must maintain mini­ Just a partial liquidation of these stocks Federal prpgrams-but it is not my pur­ mum stockpiles to meet these disasters. would carry us through an emergency. pose today to discuss why the decline It is contended that our food stockpiles Even a meat shortage is most unlikely, are already getting dangerously low and as grain can be converted into more poul­ occurred. to eliminate them would be to court Instead. I draw your -attention to the try and eggs in a few short weeks. famine right here at home. Besides. the America is the wonder of the world in fundamental decisions which soon may Government has heavy commitments it be required because stocks are dwindling. food production, and it is simply un­ must meet to prevent famine abroad. realistic and therefore unsound to justify Let us suppose that Government Is this line of argument valid? I say stockpiles of grain disappear completely. a Government stockpile program on the no. possibility of a food shortage. What then? Certain advantages to the I .am here to declare my confidence Before the day of Government supply private sector are obvious. that the private sector can meet the feed management--and CCC-the producers, Tile marketing system for feed and and food merchandising needs of Ameri­ handlers and users of food carried their food grains would be able to function in ca in peace and war without. leaning on own stocks at no cost to the taxpayer. traditional manner, as it does for soy­ big brother in government. I further be­ Farmers hedged in futures markets beans, many other farm commodities lieve the transition to private merchan­ against grain stored on their own farms. and most nonfarm supplies and services. dising will occur smoothly and instan­ The country elevator~. the terminal Trade people would no longer have to taneously the moment Government warehousemen, processors and exporters reckon with the uncertainty about what stockpiles disappear. once -carried their own inventories-and bureaucrats will do with Government re­ The reserves and resources of the pri­ the system worked. serves. Under present circumstances, v.ate sector would be sufficient to meet We all recognize the validity of Gresh­ future markets cannot operate properly, any foreseeable requirement. am's law, which holds that cheap money nor can the day-to-day merchandiser act Consider first the argument that Gov­ tends to drive good money out of circula­ with assurance. At any moment his ernment-owned stockpiles of food would tion. So it is with Government services, preparations may be undercut by arbi­ be needed in the event of a nuclear war. as opposed to private services. Where trary release of Government stocks. Would these supplies be stored in or near government is in the lending business, Millers, exporters, and feed processors our major population centers? And in government money tends to take over. are reluctant to lay in stocks for their what form-as processed food or as It is the same in the business of grain own future uses when-Government hold­ grain? With the exception of terminal merchandising. Big brother government ings hang by the tiny thread of bureau­ markets such as Chicago, Minneapolis, has such immense advantages that the cratic convenience over the market. and Kansas City, our major population private sector cannot compete effectively, Broad legislative language like "going centers do not' presently have the re­ and therefore government merchandis­ out of condition" and loopholes like "dis­ quired grain storage facilities. ing tends to drive out private merchan­ aster determination authority" are al­ They would have to be built and at a dising. ways a threat to the unprotected market. time ·when total grain storage capacity Once government activity ceases, Who can prove one way or another that in the United States is already excessive. however, the private sector will move in 8202 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE April 18, 1966 immediately. Ample talent, know-how of mathematics, engineering, and the ated. It seemed to us that now might be a and facilities stand ready to go into ac­ physical sciences. good time to report to you on the various tion in the business of merchandising However, since the enactment of the federally related school programs and what they have me~nt to Dade County. We should grain once big brother ceases to be an National Defense Education Act, the also like to point out some of the needs and overpowering competitor. whole spectrum of our system has been problems as we see them. If the private sector can handle soy­ subjected to the closest scrutiny not only Under title I of the Elementary and Sec­ beans, why not wheat and corn? Gov­ here in the U.S. Congress but also by ondary Education Act of 1965 our schools ernment stockpiles are a convenience to State and local education authorities and became eligible for $3 Y2 million of support­ some sectors, but you cannot have the various associations of educator,s. Out ing funds. Six projects were designed with best of both worlds indefinitely, of these studies have come a wide variety specific disadvantaged areas of the commu­ nity as targets for concentrated instructional American agriculture is today at a of proposals and recommendations which services designed to meet the particular needs crossroads of far-reaching importance. were later incorporated into legislation of the children residing in these neighbor­ One fork marked H.R. 12784. It is the enacted by the Congress and State legis­ hoods. road of permanent Government control latures. One of these projects is aimed at improv­ of grain markets with built-in inefficien­ At no time in our history has there ing the reading skills. One hundred and cies. The other fork is marked competi­ been such a wide variety of programs twenty-four reading teachers were given 4 tive markets, with assurance of fair available to school districts, colleges, and weeks of intensive special training and as­ prices for producers and consumers alike. signed to project schools to augment the universities and, in turn, to individuals teaching of reading in 372 classrooms involv­ H.R. 12784 would make Commodity who might otherwise be denied the full ing 11,160 elementary age boys and girls. Credit Corporation a permanent institu­ benefits of an education. It seems to me These efforts are supported by both materials tion. If this bill is rejected-and if Con­ that the culmination of this interest in and equipment. The full impact on the gress refrains from enacting new non­ education occurred during the first ses­ schools and community served by this project sense in the way of farm programs-w~ ,sion of this Congress when we enacted has not been assessed, but the efforts of these can soon hope to dissolve the CCC, just legislation providing for such bold, pur­ teachers have become synonymous with as the Reconstruction Finance Corpora­ poseful, and farsighted programs as skilled, inspired teaching. To further assist in overcoming the read­ tion was phased out some years ago after those included in the Elementary and ing deficiencies of many of these children, it had outlived its usefulness. To pro­ Secondary Education Act-Public Law 5 mobile reading clinics staffed by 15 spe­ tect its own future, the trade must face 89-10-and the Higher Education Act­ cialists travel each day to schools in areas up to its logical responsibility and carry Public Law 89-329. of crucial need to give special diagnostic its own inventories. During our Easter recess, I received reading and instructional services. This The goal should be to get Government a letter from Dr. Joe Hall in which he flexible, highly professional effort is proving out of the grain business. Let us not reports on the various Federal programs most successful. pussyfoot around. Be not beguiled into Guidance and counseling have long been in which the Dade County public school recognized as particular needs of the dis­ supporting half measures like H.R. 12784 system is participating. Dr. Hall is advantaged children. We are now able to which let big brother keep his clumsy ,superintendent of the county school sys­ assign 36 guidance specialists to work in the foot in the door. tem and, I might add, he is one of the target areas to help the boys and girls find Since Government seems determined finest school administrators in the educational progrrums in which they are ca­ to undertake a larger and more domi­ country. pable of some degree of success and a feel­ nant role in the business, is it not time Probably no school system in the ing of worth regardless of reputed IQ scores for all of you to subscribe to the old United States has been subjected to such and stations in life. . theory that turnabout is fair play? We have been able to add 24 full-time visit­ a rapid expansion in such a short time ing teacher-counselors to work in 25 schools I sometimes encounter reluctance on as that in Dade County; in less than 15 in the poverty area. The services of these the part of people in the business com­ years, the enrollment of the system has counselors are focused on helping the ele­ munity to become dil·ectly involved in almost quadrupled so that it is now the mentary child who is not receiving maxi­ politics. Believe me, the politicians have seventh largest system in the Nation. In mum benefit from his school experience. no such reluctance to involve themselves spite of such rapid growth with its result­ The visiting teacher-counselors are quali­ in the business community. ing stresses and strains, the Dade County fied to provide casework service to the For the good of the country the busi­ system has been more than able to keep child and work with the teachers and par­ ness community should take an active ents in improving the pupil's use of the pace largely because of the outstanding school experience. The counselors work role in helping to defeat H.R. 12784 as a job being done by Dr. Hall and his highly closely with the neighborhod centers of the step toward the larger goal of getting skilled staff of teachers and assistants. economic opportunity program and refer par­ Government out of the grain business. As the father of three children who have ents who need employment and rehabilita­ attended the Dade County public school tion. system, I can attest to the high caliber Although we have had a strong program A REPORT ON FEDERALLY ASSISTED of education the system is providing and for physically and mentally handicapped EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN DADE boys and girls for many years, additional to the qualifications of the dedicated men help has been secured under this legislation. COUNTY, FLA. and women who make up the system's Seven special education teachers are devot­ Mrs. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask teaching corps. ing full ti:rxi.e to work in the schools, the unanimous consent that the gentleman What Dr. Hall has provided in his let­ hospitals, and the psychological wards where from Florida [Mr. FASCELL] may extend ter is a realistic appraisal of the bene­ these especially disadvantaged young people his remarks at this point in the RECORD. fits being derived from the various Fed­ are to be found. eral programs in which the system is As a logical sequence to the massive effort The SPEAKER. Is there objection in the elementary schools, an intensive pro­ to the request of the gentlewoman from participating while at the same time gram provides inservlce training for 150 Texas? noting the shortcomings and needs of teachers who are now working in the dis­ There was no objection. certain other programs. I would highly advantaged areas designing curriculum and Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, it has recommend Dr. Hall's letter to our col­ teaching techniques for the junior high been said that the launching of the first leagues since what Dr. Hall says applies schools. Areas which are being stressed in­ Soviet sputnik in the fall of 1957 was not only to the Dade County system but clude reading instruction, library utilization to school systems throughout the coun­ and guidance. Seven thousand boys and a boon to our education system here in girls are directly affected in this laboratory­ the United States. Indeed, it did pro­ try. In particular, I call their attention like junior high learning effort. The ma­ vide the impetus for a reevaluation of to the recommendations Dr. Hall makes. terials and techniques developed are shared our system at all level$. Initially, the The text of Dr. Hall's letter follows: with classrooms beyond this particular concern of those examining American DADE COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS, project. education was directed toward the sci­ Miami, Fla., April 7, 1966. A combined use of $1¥2 million in funds ences because of our apparent lack in Hon. DANTE FASCELL, from Public Law 89-10 and $2 million in House of Representatives, funds from the Economic Opportunity Act that area vis-a-vis the Soviet system; as Washington, D.C. have made possible, for the disadvantaged. a result, when the Congress pas,sed the DEAR MR. FASCELL: Your persistent and 5-year-olds, a preschool program described. National Defense Education Act in 1958, effective leadership in the Congress in behalf more fully elsewhere in this letter. special consideration was given to those of education for the boys and girls of Dade An evaluation team has been formed to who pursued their education in the areas County and the Nation is sincerely appreci- assess each project serving disadvantaged. April 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8203 youth. We are confident that the evaluative dramatically because of the increased, Pursuant to the Civil Rights Act there is information obtained will help strengthen though realistic, assessment of properties for a project with three components which have the entire program. _ tax purposes. There are a number of i~di­ operated cooperatively to fac11itate the mas­ Title I projects referred to in the above cations that the people of Dade County, who sive phasing out of the predominantly Negro paragraphs have demonstrated that things have consistently supported public educa­ secondary schools and the accompanying in­ can be done to brighten the present and tion, feel that their local taxes are now as tegration processes. future for thousands of our disadvantaged high as they can stand. Members of the On the basis of the sound values which young people. These projects are in limited press and other responsible groups have are being received by the learners and com­ and specific areas of ·instruction. It is vital voiced the opinion that local taxes have munities in which these programs are oper­ that they be continued and, if possible, ex­ reached a reasonable limit for this time. A ative, it is felt that the funding of the efforts panded. There are, of course, many other sizable proportion of the funds now available under the Economic Opportunities Act, the projects which we hope to initiate for these under title I to improve the educational pro­ Vocational Education Act, the Civil Rights and other disadvantaged children. gram cannot be well used by local school Act, and the Manpower Act should certainly Under title II of the Elementary and Sec­ systems unless some way is found to provide be as great or greater than at the present ondary Education Act, Dade County is work­ additional facilities. time. However, it is recommended that the ing closely with the Florida State Depart­ If pupils in the regular program of a given adult education and Headstart programs ment of Education and with the private school system are not to be penalized by the which are presently a part of the Economic schools in this area in originating an appli­ federally related programs, it will be neces­ Opportunity Act, under the jurisdiction of cation for funds with which to purchase ad­ sary that the Elementary and Secondary the Office of Economic Opportunity, should ditional school library resources. As you Education Act of 1965 be· amended to allow be transferred to the Department of Health, know, our libraries are basic to the educa­ local school systems to recover their indirect Education, and Welfare. We also believe tional processes. Neither our public nor costs in connection with programs under that the Manpower Retraining Act should private schools have ever had a sufficient title I, II, and III. At the present time no be transferred from the Department of Labor number of library books. The acquisition allowance is made for indirect cost associated to the Department of Health, Education, and of additional books is particularly important with federally funded projects under these Welfare as a part of the Vocational Act. now that we are able to emphasize the read­ titles. In Dade County we find that the in­ These three programs are primarily educa­ ing skills among our boys and girls. It is direct costs constitute a substantial burden tional programs and should be administered hoped that funds under title II will be pro­ on the regular school budget and, as in the under the jurisdiction of the Commissioner vided to insure growth an{! extension of our case of planning,_ moneys to finance these of Education. libraries in the coming years. costs must be taken away from other parts There is an urgent need for Public Law Under title III of the Elementary and of the school program to the detriment of 874 (8lst Cong.), as amended effective the education of children not touched by the July 1, 1962, to be retained in its present Secondary Education Act, Dade County has form. made application for funds to provide a self­ Elementary and Secondary Education Act. instruction center for pupils. Also, a project Reference is made to the general administra­ The Dade County, Fla., public school sys­ has been submitted for an inservice training tive expenses, building maintenance, and tem which experienced a population explo­ center for instructional personnel. Under certain auxiliary services. These expenses sion in the 1950's (from 68,500 pupils in 1950 are a real and necessary part of any program. to more than 203,000 today) 4; the seventh title III we have seen for the first time the largest metropolitan system in the Nation. possibility of obtaining needed educational They increase with the advent of additional programs. Precedent for paying such costs To provide educational facilities and pro­ services by developing exemplary programs, grams for these pupils, the system has had educational centers and supplementary serv­ has been established in the percentage for overhead allowance which is made to colleges to tap every financial source-local, State, and ices needed to nourish and vitalize the con­ Federal-to the fullest extent possible. For tinuing educational processes. and universities under title IV of the act. Another important phase of planning is the current year, it was necessary to cut some The Florida State Department of Educa­ that of designing programs for submission $10 million from the budget, resulting in a tion has responded to the challenge of pro­ pursuant to the various titles of the Federal reduction of needed personnel services and viding professional counsel and direction to acts. At the present time local school sys­ the elimina-tion of needed planned facilities. the schools in initiating and operating the tems must finance a substantial cost in For the first time in the history of Public federally related programs. This has peen planning the programs and in writing up Law 874, this school system was able this made possible by funds received by that de­ the proposals. In Dade County these costs year to meet the new qualifying percentage partment under title V of the Elementary are borne by other parts of the regular requirement of federally connected pupils and Secondary Education Act. It is vital school program to the detriment of the pro­ and has received some $600,000 to assist in that this source of support be continued in grams in general. We feel that it is most providing education for some 6,000 pupils order to sustain the leadership resources of whose parents live on or work on Federal our State department of education. desirable that additional funds be provided in title V of the Elementary and Secondary property in the area. To this point my remarks have been ad­ Education Act to the State department of It is imperative that this financial assist­ dressed to titles I, II, III, and V of Public education for allocation to local school sys­ ance be retained 1f these pupils are to be Law 89-10. We hope the renewal of these tems for financial assistance in planning provided the education to which they are titles will be made a matter of urgent priority programs. entitled. by the Congress of the United States and that Under the Economic Opportunity Act a Since proper nutrition is essential to the an authorization will be made for at least 4 number of other important programs are good health of our .schoolchildren, we wish to years in order to assure continuity and unin­ underway. Headstart is providing badly share with you information rel·ative to the terrupted progress in the improvement of the needed preschool experience for 3,000 5-year­ school lunch program. Section 2 of the Na­ educational program. It is most important olds in the poverty areas. The Neighborhood tional School Lunch Act, as amended, states: that the appropriation for the funding of the Youth Corps has enrolled 1,050 teenagers in "It is hereby declared to be the policy of Elementary and Secondary Education Act be work-learning experiences which not only Congress, as a measure of na-tional security, made before June 1, 1966, in order to facili­ provide income, but also help them to de­ to safeguard the health and well-being of the tate budgeting and employment of personnel velop job skills. Title II of the Economic Nation's children and to encourage the do· as well as efficiency in the use of the funds. Opportunity Act is funding a special educa­ mestic consumption of nutritious agricul­ Your attention is particularly invited to tional program for 2,500 migrant children tural commodities and other food, by assist­ the need for early appropriation of funds and a number of their parents in the agri­ ing the States, through grants-in-aid and for all of the federally related programs. As cultural areas of south Dade County. Basic other means, in providing an adequate supply you know, every worthwhile endeavor in education is being provided in reading and of foods and other facilities for the estab­ modern education has consistently demon­ arithmetic for culturally deprived adults. lishment, maintenance, operation, and ex­ strated the fact that time for careful plan­ A contract under the Vocational Educa­ pansion of nonprofit school lunch programs." ning is absolutely necessary in initiating tion Act of 1963 funds a work-study program To sacrifice or curtail the existing policy programs for quality education. to provide employment and on-the-job expe­ would create a definite hardship on the One major problem which we have in Dade rience for 258 vocational students working in school lunch program in Dade County. For County is the need for facilities in ·which various governmental agencies. Another ef­ the period of July 1, 1965, through February to house the programs which we are operat­ fort under the Vocational Act is the Booker 28, 1966, we operated at a loss of $112,619.15 ing and which we plan to initiate. I believe T. Washington Learning Laboratory, where as compared with an operating gain of $128,- that the school people over the Nation and 270 culturally disadvantaged boys and girls 248.61 for the same period last year. One of the citizenry in general recognize that there in grades 10, 11, and 12 are receiving special the main factors for this variance is the de­ should be a sizable addit.ional appropriation training and guidance as preparation for crease in the amount of Federal commodities of moneys under title I or through other full-time employment or advanced voca­ distributed to the schools during the 1965-66 means to provide capital outlay funds for tional training. period. Another factor for this loss is the buildings. Special" programs provide special Funded by the Manpower Act, 2,241 stu­ rise in food. prices. In spite of these condi­ opportunities for boys anji girls. They also dents are receiving training in 33 separate tions we have been able to maintain the high provide unquestionable need for additional occupational areas. This program is de­ quality type A lunch required by the Na­ classrooms and facilities in which to carry signed to help youths and adults who have tional School Lunch Act. If the kind and out the projects. As a Dade Countian you previously terminated their school experi­ amount of Federal food commodities and are well aware that our taxes have gone up ences. the cash reimbursement we have received 8204 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 18, 1966 were to be reduced or eliminated, we would tty funds not be discontinued, diminished, and the humanitarian otfices of a religious be faced with the f<>llowing alternatives: or eliminated. orphanage, and (6) among other things the Either the price of lunches would have to be '7. That plans for the financing of Cuban public insult and indignity heaped upon increased, or the quality of the lunches low­ refugee educa-tion after presen.t agreements those clerics and religious persons who ered. If we were forced to do either, the nave expired be initiated in the !all of 1966. bravely profess the Greek Orthodox faith in present participation of 74 percent which we 8. That prMJisions be made for early appro­ Turkey toclay. These hostilities are viewed are now enjoying would likely drop sig­ priations of funds !or au of the federally re­ to be aimed at diminishing the ecumenical nificantly because many children could not lated programs in order to provide adequate stature of the Patriarchate of Constantinople afford the higher prices. We have evidence time to plan programs and to procure per­ {Istanbul}, a leading spiritual force in the that the school lunches, which many chil­ sonnel to operate them. ecumenical movement, to isolate its mis­ dren eat, are the only balanced meals that Sincerely yours, n to of shock and dismay in nearly all quarters The Reverend Carl Banks, president, the local school systems for financial assistance of the civilized world. This discrimination Ministerial Alliance of Greater Providence 1n planning programs under titles I and ill. which the Government of Turkey has seen and Vicinity. 4. That the Elementary and Secondary fit to execute against His Holiness consists The Reverend Birger J. C. Johnson, dean. Education Act of 1965 be amended to allow in (1) the continued harassment of those as­ Rhode Island District, Lutheran Church in. local school systems to recover their indirect sociated with the Patriarch in his apostolic America. oost in connection with programs under titles work at the Patriarchate, (2) ,the closing and The Reverend Haik Donikian, S.S. Sahag & I, II, and IT!, as well as those programs under confiscating of churches and schools, (3) the Mesrob. other acts and titles. unprovoked deportation and mass expulsion The Reverend Mesrob Tashjian, St. Var­ 5. That the Adult Education, Headstart, of both clergy and laity, (4) the recent bar­ tanantz. and Manpower Retraining Acts be transferred ring by government authorities of Arch­ ARMENIAN APOSTOLIC CHURCHES IN PROVIDENCE from their present department to the Depart­ bishop Iakovos (primate of the Church 1n The Reverend Arsen A. Goegizian, Euphra­ ment of Health, Education. and Welfare. the Americas) to celebrate the Divine Liturgy tes Armenian Evangelical Church. 6. That appropriations for Public Law 874 at the Patriarchal Chapel, (5) the forced dis­ (Mrs.) Rozella Switzer, regional director, and for the distribution of surplus commod- continuance of its religious printing plant National Council of Christians and Jews. April 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8205 The Reverend John A. Limberakis, presi­ It was discovered that the river "made a candy which she especially wanted our dent, Rhode Island Council of Eastern Ortho­ very beautiful lake with a circuit of about First Lady to have and which was deeply dox Churches. 9f appreciated by her. Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church, the 3 leagues." The "lake" was, course, Reverend J. A. Limberakis, Providence. Upper New York Bay, viewed for the first Those included in the official delega­ Assumption Greek Orthodox Church, the time by white men, men led by a com·a­ t_ion from the Senate were: The Honor­ Reverend T. Baglaneas, Pawtucket. geous and able Italian sea captain, Gio­ able MIKE MANSFIELD, Hon. EVERETT DIRK­ St . John's Romanian Orthodox Church, vanni da Verrazano. SEN, Hon. JOSEPH MONTOYA, Hon. GEORGE t he Reverend M. Marinescu, Woonsocket. By honoring him on Verrazano Day, AIKEN and Hon PAUL DOUGLAS, and their St. John's Ukrainian Orthodox Church, the we salute all of our friends who are wives, and from the House were the Hon­ Reverend M. Mostensky, Providence. orable GLENARD LIPSCOMB, Hon. HENRY St . Mary's Russian Orthodox Church, the Italian-Americans, for we recognize . in Reverend A. Besmertnuk, Cumberland. this way how much their famous country.:. GoNzALEZ, Hon. EDWARD R. RoYBAL, Hon. St. Mary's Syrian Orthodox Church, the man Verrazano achieved, and how great ELIGIO DE LA GARZA, and myself along With Right Reverend A. Saliba, Pawtucket. a contribution to our way of life they our wives. St. Michael's Ukrainian Orthodox Church, themselves have made. This outpouring of affection, respect the Reverend G. Krasevich, Woonsocket. The new Verrazano Bridge is a vital and admiration which our President and St. Spyridon's Greek Orthodox Church, the link in the chain of the Nation's com­ Mrs. Johnson received made me inordi­ ReverendS. Papademetriou, Newport. nately proud of both of them and their St. Stephen's Ukrainian Orthodox Church, merce aiding and enhancing rapid the Reverend J. Zelechewsky, Manville. transit and its existence has brought new enormously effective efforts in cementing Annunciation Parish Council, Attorney G. industrial and commercial opportunities the bonds of friendship with our neigh­ L. Mihos, president. to the Borough of Brooklyn. bors "south of the border." Philoptochos Society, Mrs. E. G. Pappas, This enthralling experience provided president. positive proof that neighbors and nations Annunciation PTA, Mrs. C. Pomades, presi­ can live together in peace, harmony, mu­ dent. PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S SPEECHES IN MEXICO tual respect, and admiration. Annunciation Building Committee, Attor­ As one of the members of the U.S. ney E. T . Pliakas, chairman. Mrs. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask Church choir, Mrs. S. Lafanzanis, director. House delegation, I would like to go on Annunciation GOYA, Miss M. Kanelos, unanimous consent that the gentleman record here in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD president. · from Kentucky [Mr. CHELF] may extend in thanking most profusely and from the Annunciation Junior GOYA, C. J. Limber­ his remarks at this point in the RECORD bottom of my heart President Diaz Ordaz akis, president. and include extraneous matter. of Mexico, the Presidents of the Perma­ Order of AHEPA, T . Cook, president. The SPEAKER. Is there objection nent Commissions of both the House and Daughters of Penelope, Mrs. J. Hasiotes, to the request of the gentlewoman from the Senate, and all of the Members of president. Sons of Pericles, J. J . Alexion, president. Texas? the Congress of Mexico for their con­ Maids of Athena, Miss J. Spires, president. There was no objection. geniality, hospitality, kindness, consid­ GAPA Electra Loc;lge, Mrs. W. Janikies, Mr. CHELF. Mr. Speaker, as you eration, and sincere best wishes. As long president. know, President Johnson, accompanied as we have in high office in our neigh­ GAPA Kanaris Lodge, T . J. Demos, presi­ by Mrs. Johnson, Secretary of State Dean boring country of Mexico such outstand­ dent. Rusk, and a House and Senate delegation, ing, competent, and dedicated men as Panarcadian Federation, Chapter No. 29, these herein mentioned, I shall never Attorney G. Demopulos, secretary. :flew to Mexico on Friday, Aprill5, for the unveiling of a statue of Abraham Lin­ have any fear for the future relationship coln which the United States has given to of our great peoples. VERRAZANO DAY M;exico. Mr. Speaker, I include the texts of the Mrs. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask As the Member of Congress represent­ three wonderful speeches made by Presi­ unanimous consent that the gentle­ ing the Fourth Congressional District of dent Johnson in Mexico: woman from New York [Mrs. KELLY] Kentucky in which Lincoln was born, THE PRESIDENT'S VISIT TO MEXICO CITY may extend her remarks at this point near the city of Hodgenville, I was priv­ (Remarks upon arrival at International 1n the RECORD and include extraneous ileged to make this memorable trip. Airport, Apr. 14, 1966) matter. In my 35 years of holding elective of­ Mr. President, Mrs. Diaz Ordaz, members The SPEAKER. Is there objection fice, I have seen many public demonstra·­ of the First Family, my friends of Mexico, tions and this was absolutely the finest this is almost ·a homecoming for the Johnson to the request of the gentlewoman from family. Thirty-one years ago we came to Texas? I have ever witnessed. It was the great­ Mexico on our honeymoon. Since then, on There was no objection. est experience of my political life to see . every occasion possible, we have used the Mrs. KELLY. Mr. Speaker, we honor the demonstration of the warmth and border into your country, visited in your a great Italian and a famous navigator sincerity of feeling which the people of cities and your countryside, and we have and explorer when we observe Verrazano Mexico have for our country and for our enjoyed on many occasions, visits from your Day, a day that this year marks the 442d President as manifested in th~ mag­ leaders and your Presidents. anniversary of the exploration of New nificent reception given him upon his I first met President Adolfo L6pez Mateos York Harbor by the intrepid Giovanni da arrival in Mexico and throughout his stay in the late 1950's when he came to the United there. It is estimated by all those States. Later, as President, I visited with Verrazano. He sailed to an unknown him in the United States at the Chamizal part of North America over uncharted in authority that the crowd greeting the at El Paso, and in 1964 your own distin­ waters. The great bridge that now bears President numbered between 2% and 3 guished President honored us with a visit his name is an appropriate monument to million people. that he and his wife made in our home in the greatness of his achievement. My wife, Louise, and I were in car 15 Texas. On April 17, 1524, Verrazano, sailing: of the 4-hour official motorcade which So when I come to Mexico, I feel that I for the King of France, entered what is moved through Mexico City's streets come to the home of my friends. We are now New York Harbor. Reporting to the lined with enthusiastic, shouting citizens. here today to present to your country a As we drove along, my wife shook the statue of one of our most beloved and most King, he wrote: respected Presidents, Abraham Lincoln. We We found a very agreeable site located hands of all of the people she could on present that statue to the people that we within two small prominent hills, between her side and I shook hands, with both consider our most treasured friends. which flowed to the sea a very great river. hands, on my side of the car, shouting Mr. President, we are grateful to you for He described how he had anchored his ship, "Viva Mexico" .as we proceeded along. this beautiful reception, for your gracious the Dauphine, off the coast in a good shelter, As our car stopped upon one occasion, a remarks. We will look forward to exchang­ since we did not wish to venture in without little, old lady came up and handed me ing views with you in the hours that \ve are knowledge of the entrances. a brown paper sack. My meager knowl­ permitted together. He had ordered a small boat launched edge of Spanish permitted me to under­ I said to your distinguished and able Am· from the Dauphine, and his party had stand that she was saying: "Please give bassador, Ambassador Margatn, on the way this to Mrs. Johnson." In my broken down on the plane today, that while we proceeded through the Narrows, whose !aced many tryi~g problems in the world waters were found to be deep. Verra­ Spanish, I was able to assure her that I today, I did not believe there had ever been zano's report noted that through theNar­ would see that Mrs. Johnson received it. a period in the history of the United States rows "any laden ship might have passed." The little sack contained homemade and Mexico when we faced fewer problems, 8206 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 18, 1966 when we had better understanding, and when More than geography and common eco­ Fifth, we do not wish to see communism there was a stronger friendship that exists nomic interests and a regional system of spread in this hemisphere, but we believe between the people than exists today. mutual assistance, we are held together by that the threat to the liberty and independ­ That is because, Mr. President, you and common values and by shared beliefs. enqe of the Latin American peoples from your distinguished predecessors have under­ That is why we share equally Bolivar and communism ·cannot be met merely by force. stood our people and have provided a far­ Washington, San Martin and Jefferson, We will continue to concentrate our assist­ sighted leadership f<>r your people that has Juarez and Marti and Lincoln. They were ance mainly in economic and social fields brought us together in understanding and sons of a common heritage. and to encourage our Latin American neigh­ friendship. In his time and place, Abraham Lincoln bors, where possible, to limit their outlays Although in other parts of the world neigh­ brought the best i-n our common civilization for military purposes. We a.re encouraged bors fight neighbors, neighbors are in dis­ to bear on the cruelest problems that ever that democracy :flourishes in countries such pute with neighbors, tliere are no armies confronted a leader: civil war and the en­ as Mexico where expenditures for education that patrol our borders, there are no guns slavement of a minority of his people. and development are high. that protect the frontiers of Mexico and the In these trials he qlung to the belief that Sixth, we are convinced that the future United States. Our people cross the bound­ every human being was unique and of Latin American industrialization-as well ary freely and work and play together. precious-equal in the eyes of God and before as the basic welfare of the peoples them­ If I could have my one wish granted to­ the law. selves-urgently requires the parallel mod­ day, it would be that we could live in a He believed that the pillars of a great so­ ernization of rural life. This must com­ world where we had the same peaceful re­ ciety were equality of opportunity, individual bine more equitable forms of land holding lations with our neighbors as we have with freedom to excel, and justice-political and and all the measures that are needed to raise the people of Mexico. But if we are to have social justice-for every citizen. production a.nd productivity. And your twa peace in the world, we must try to solve And so he walked among us-bearing on Presidents this morning discussed at length the problems that cause the wars, the prob­ his shoulders the burdens of a Nation's steps that we are going to take to do both. lems of illiteracy, the problems of ignorance, greatest test-proving that true greatness Seventh, we shall continue to work with the problems of disease, the problems of pov­ lies in loyalty to those universal principles your own able President Diaz Ordaz and erty, the problems of misunderstanding. which span every age. work with our Latin American friends Mr. President, we salute you for the lead­ Now, in this age we in this hemisphere are throughout the hemisphere to augment and ership that you are providing your own today engaged in another great test-we are to stabilize earnings from traditional ex­ great nation and the contribution you are engaged in a vast social revolution touching ports, While assisting etfarts to expand those making to other nations in the world in a the lives of millions of people on two conti­ new exports on which Latin American trade program that will bring peace to all hu­ nents. will increasingly depend in the future. mankind. While war clouds hover over cer­ Like Lincoln's, this is a test of whether Eighth, we believe that the drawing to­ tain parts of the world as we meet here freedom can work. gether of the economics of Latin America is this aftern<>On, we truly and genuinely and It is a test of whether men through liberty critical to this hemisphere's future. Only sincerely hope that the day may soon come can overcome the of the past and in this way can the hemisphere develop when all the world can 1ive together in peace lift from their brothers the blight of hunger, truly efficient industry; expanded foreign ex­ .as do the people of the United States and the blindness of ignorance, and the burden change earnings; and a sound foundation for Mexico. of disease. a full Latin American partnership 1n build­ Mr. President, our distinguished Secre­ We are in the midst of that test. ing a peaceful world community. tary of State, the majority leader of the U.S. We must demonstrate to our peoples that One of the challenges of hemisphere in­ Senate. the minority leader of the U.S. Sen• their destiny is not dass struggle but com­ tegration is the linking of North and South ate, leaders of our House of Representa­ mon struggle to achieve that proud and that America through the Pan American IDgh­ tives, join me on this occaSion in thanking .modern La tin America which is at once the way. you for this very cordial welcome and in say­ dream of a generation and the interest of It is one attlbition of my Presidency to ing to you: Muchas gracias, Senor Prest­ the world community. work with the other nations of this hemi­ dente; muchas gracias, todo Mexico. This is a battle which only the people of sphere toward closing the several hundred Latin America can win. miles of the gap that now exists. We must But it is the desire of my people, our com­ await the studies that are now nearing com­ THE PRESmENT's VISIT TO MExico CITY mitment, and our privilege to work side by pletion, but together we should look to the (Remarks at the dedication of the Abraham side in this great human adventure. day when the old precolonial links across Lincoln statue, Apr. 15. 1966) History will judge us not only by the nobil­ the 'Isthmus are fully restored, the good lands Mr. President, my friends, it is impossible ity of our sentiments or the poetry of our or Panama are opened for agriculture, and for me to tell you how proud I am to be words, but history will judge us by the action families and commerce can move anywhere here with y<>u today, in company with the that we take to bring these sentiments to between Laredo and the southernmost tip leadership of the U~ S. Senate, prominent life. of Argentina. .Members of the House of Representatives, For my country's part, we are guided by Seiior Presidente Diaz Ordaz, my country and the Senators and Congressmen. from the certain basic convictions upon which our takes great heart in what you, in Mexico. are States of nunois and Kentucky, that gave faith in the future rests. Let me be specific doing. We see today a people who a.re forg­ us Abraham Lincoln. about some of those convictions: ing ahead. We see today a nation that is The President of the United States could First, every member of the American com­ proud and a people that are confident. ask for no greater honor than to be invited munity of nations has a natural right to You are confident of the future because to stand on the soil of our good friend, its independence and sovereignty. No coun­ you are confident that you can secure for Mexico, beside a leader as beloved and re­ try may abridge those rights. For as your your people a. constant increase in material spected. as your great President, Diaz Or- own Btlnito Juarez said, "Respect for the well-being and social justice. daz. · rights of others is peace." You are confident that you can deal with For me this occasion has a very special all other neighbors in inciependence, friend.­ Second, the United States maintains its ship. and dignity. meaning. All my life I have known, and commitment to government by consent of lived with~ and worked alongside the sons You are confident that you can help your the governed-a consent to be gran.ted in less advanced neighbors also to move ahead and the daughters of Mexico. I have been free and honest elections. It does not seek here on many different occasions; my wife with you. to impose on others any form of govern­ And you are confident that you can. main­ and I spent the first days of our marriage ment. But let us stand determined on this here in this beautiful city, Mexico City. tain in the modern world your own person.­ principl~espots are not welcome in this ality-loyal to your own traditions and as­ To come back now to the people and the hemisphere. scenes of so many pleasant memories, to pirations. Third, my administration believes that Mexico's progress is witness that the goals come as the leader of your sister Republic both stable democracy and effective eco­ to the north, where your country is held in of the Alliance are realistic and its methods nomic development depend ultimately on are valid. such high esreem, is for me a moment never social justice. There has never been stable to be forgotten. I have served with four American Presi­ democracy where economic power and privi­ dents who showed their concern and their The tribute that your great Foreign Secre­ lege were concentrated in the hands of the tary Carrillo Flores has just paid to Abraham friendship for Mexico and. Latin America. few. Where the m.any work let the many Franklin Roosevelt lifted our eyes to the Lincoln will touch the hearts of all of my earn. countrymen. · promise and the problems of Latin America Fourth, we believe the struggle for social Ali nations rightly praise their own famous with the good neighbor policy. Harry Tru­ men. justice and more efficient and equitable use man's boldness braugnt forth point 4 and of natural resources must be led by each its compassion to the Western Hemisphere But only a truly great people pause to pay country in its own behalf. My administra­ and to the entire world. Dwight Eisenhow­ tribute to the great of other lands. tion will not be deterred by those who tena­ er plowed new and fertile and productive And that is what Mexico is doing today. ciously or selfishly cling to special privileges fields with the Act of Bogota. And John F. What Abraham Lincoln stood for is what from the past. We will not be deterred by Kennedy, building on and expanding and binds our two nations-and, indeed, this en· those who say that to risk change is to risk refining that act, gave t"resb. impulse to all tire hemisphere-together. communism. our ideals in the Alliance. April 18, 1966 . CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD -HOUSE 8207

Twenty-nine months ago, the first week of THE PRESIDENT'S VISIT TO MEXICO CITY and to say to those of you who serve my of my Presidency, my first act as President (Remarks to the staff at the American Em­ administration and your country so well that of the United States was to pledge my coun­ bassy, Apr. 15, 1966) I am mighty grateful and proud of you. try again to the faith and the direction of these four Presidents and their relations Secretary and Mrs. Rusk, Ambassador and with the nations in this hemisphere. Mrs. Freeman, my friends, ladies, and gen­ I am proud today to report to the Mexi­ tlemen, I drove down the street with great AMENDMENT OF SECTION 4(c) OF can people and to all of our Latin American pride as my eyes looked upon this beautiful THE SMALL BUSINESS ACT building put here by the talented hands of friends that our common effort is proving Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask itself with specific results. Our dreams are architects from m} State. As I walked into ·becoming realities. this building, I looked back over my memories unanimous consent to take from the As I speak to you here today, I have been in Government and thought that never in Speaker's table the bill