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Appendix a W. G. Armstrong and Co. and Successor Companies, 1847-1928: a Commercial and Financial Record

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Appendix a W. G. Armstrong and Co. and Successor Companies, 1847-1928: a Commercial and Financial Record Appendix A W. G. Armstrong and Co. and Successor Companies, 1847-1928: A Commercial and Financial Record W. G. Armstrong & Co., 1847-82 1847 Site at Elswick purchased April. Capital by summer £43 000. Pro­ duction began October. 1848 Crane business growing. First, unsuccessful, attempts to build loco­ motives. 1849 Two hydraulic winding engines ordered by South Hetton Coal Co. 1850 45 cranes made. Employment at Elswick over 300. Armstrongs won contract for Grimsby dock gates. 1851 Armstrong hydraulic cranes and other machinery praised at Great Exhibition. 1852 75 cranes made. 1853 At approximately this time, first bridge-building operations. 1854 First dividend paid to partners. Armstrong designed submarine mines for War Office. November, plans for first Armstrong gun. 1855 First Armstrong gun delivered to War Office. 1856 New design for gun submitted. 1857 Development work on ordnance. 1858 W. G. Armstrong appointed Engineer of Rifled Ordnance to the War Office with control over Woolwich Arsenal. 1859 Elswick Ordnance Company formed. George Rende) brought in as a managing partner. 1860 Andrew Noble to Elswick as joint manager of ordnance works. 1861 Shoeburyness trials established superiority of Armstrong over Whit­ worth gun. A. Noble a partner at Elswick. C. Mitchell began five-year programme of Russian warship building at Walker yard. 1862 Second Armstrong attempt to produce locomotives failed in early 1860s. 1863 In winter and spring Armstrong's connection with War Office and Woolwich terminated. All British government orders for Elswick Ordnance Co. ceased. S. Rende! association with Armstrong com­ pany began in course of proceedings of Ordnance Select Committee. Late 1863, S. Rende! began search for first foreign orders. Joseph Whitworth supplying Confederate army with guns. 256 Appendix A 257 1864 212 cranes made. 1 January merger of engine and ordnance works as Sir W. G. Armstrong & Co. 1865 Blast furnaces built at Elswick. 1866 Agreement with William Palliser for use of his gun patents. H. 0. Rende! joined Armstrongs in engine works. 1867 Agreement with Mitchells of Low Walker that Armstrongs should build naval vessels in his yard. 1868 Armstrongs' first vessel, the gunboat Staunch, launched at Walker. Consideration and rejection of proposal to make guns in Italy. 1869 Armaments negotiations with Austria. 1870 Armstrongs took out licence to make Gatling automatic gun. 1871 Elswick in forefront of Nine Hour Movement Strike, May-October. 1872 Brazilian Ordnance Committee decides to adopt Whitworth gun. Armstrong negotiated over armament supply to France. 1873 Japanese visit to Elswick. 1874 Negotiations with Russia over plans to permit manufacture there on Armstrong patents. 1875 Throughout mid-1870s negotiations for sales with Turkish Empire. S. Rende! wrote The Question of the Guns to defend the Armstrong system against the claims of foreign ordnance and that of Whitworth. 1876 Strengthening of Armstrong contact with Italy. Swing Bridge, New­ castle, engineered by Armstrongs, opened- development of industry requiring sea access began above the Newcastle-Gateshead bridges. 1877 Progress by Noble and Abel with slow-burning powder. Armstrong negotiations with Brazil and China. 1878 Manufacture of heavy guns for Italy. 1879 Committee on Ordnance recommended British return to breech­ loaded guns. Whitworths made their first armour plate. 1880 S. Rende! left firm, as MP for Montgomeryshire. Joseph Whitworth opened Openshaw works to replace crowded Charlton Street, Man­ chester works. 1881 Employment by Armstrongs c. 4000. 1882 G. Rende! left Elswick to take up post of extra Civil Lord of Admiralty. November agreement for merger with Charles Mitchell & Co. as public limited company. Fast protected cruiser Esmeralda built at Walker for Chile (later delivered to Japan). Sir W. G. Armstrong Mitchell & Co. Ltd., 1883-96 Profit After Taxation (£) 1883 146120 Construction of shipyard and steel works at Elswick well advanced. February, J. Vavasseur joined A/M and his operations moved from London. 1884 150246 Shipyard and steelworks almost complete. 1885 172367 First ship, the Panther launched for Austria at Elswick. H. F. Swan inaugurated modern oil tanker with Gluck­ aufbuilt at Walker. Land bought at Pozzuoli for Italian factory. 258 Appendix A 1886 195 415 Three warships and six merchant ships launched. 1887 213973 HMS Victoria launched at Elswick. Death of Sir Joseph Whitworth. 1888 233 594 Pozzuoli at work. Erith cartridge factory built. De- velopment of AIM Quick Firing Gun. 1889 243924 Part of Ordnance Works site given up for steelworks extension. Decision not to build shipyard at Pozzuoli. 1890 314588 Steelworks made 4000 tons forgings and 2000 tons castings. 1891 309621 Contract for supply of fast protected cruiser Yoshino for Japan. 1892 228 784 Trade badly affected by strikes in Durham coal mines and Scottish steelworks. 1893 231181 Strike in Tyneside shipyards, owners gave way. 1894 236246 Strike of moulders and pattern makers. 1895 251516 Revaluation of land and buildings at Walker and Elswick. Ordinary share capital increased to £3m. Death of C. Mitchell. Sir W.G. Armstrong & Co. Ltd., 1896-7 1896 335 158 Consideration and rejection of proposal for construc­ tion of an armour plate works at Barrow. Sir W. G. Armstrong Whitworth & Co. Ltd., 1897-1929 1897 442863 Amalgamation with Sir Joseph Whitworth & Co, approved January. Decision to build armour plate works at Openshaw. Consideration and rejection of suggestion for involvement in major US east-coast arsenal/naval shipyard. 1898 490962 Lengthy labour dispute. 1899 653612 Elswick blast furnaces demolished to make room for new shops. Land acquired at Scots wood to be developed for shot, shell and fuze works (and later for an auto­ mobile plant). 1900 671106 Death of Lord Armstrong. Sir Andrew Noble became Chairman. 1901 564864 Additional capital needed for Elswick extensions, Open­ shaw armour plate works and Scotswood. P. Watts left to become Director of Naval Construction at Admiralty. 1902 652698 Land and buildings revalued. Thames Ammunition Works on Dartford Creek purchased. 1903 631359 Acquisition of controlling interest in Ansaldo engineer­ ing group of Genoa. 1904 636323 Negotiations began for association with Hadfields of Sheffield. 1905 618414 Accelerated capital spending to cope with requirement of new, faster machine tools. Appendix A 259 1906 652639 Took interest, shared with Vickers, in Whitehead Torpedo Company of Weymouth. Consideration of acquiring an interest in Beardmore & Co. 1906 475777 (Six months to end December, marking transition from a financial year ending 31 June to one ending 31 December.) 1907 722409 Proposals for association with Hadfields rejected. 1908 491350 Seven-month strike. Consideration of acquisition of interest in Hawthorn Leslie. 1909 500325 Problems of suitable conditions for building larger warships causes first consideration of a new yard at High Walker. 1910 611345 Beardmore interest again considered. Decision to build new shipyard. 1911 681138 Resignation of Sir A. Noble from active management. 1912 761765 Extensions at Openshaw and Scotswood. New steel works at Montreal. E. H. T.-D'Eyncourt left Elswick to become Director of Naval Construction. 1913 877684 Death of Lord Rende!, June. 1914 925522 January, the Rio de Janeiro sold to Turkey and re­ named Sultan Osman. June, visit of Naval Architects Association to the new Armstrong Yard, Walker. 1915 1289419 Close Works, Gateshead rented from Parsons & Co. Increased depreciation in view of continuous use of machines. Sir Andrew Noble died October. J. M. Falkner succeeds as Chairman. 1916 'After the War Conditions' sub-committee appointed. Consideration of entering civil engineering. 1917 Decision taken to provide own marine engine building 4053 605 capacity. 1918 Locomotive building to be undertaken after end of war. 1919 Crompton and Co., electrical engineering, and Sidde­ ley Deasy Motor Car Co. acquired. 1920 675179 Acquired £0·86 million interest in Pearson Knowles of Lancashire. December, J. M. Falkner retired as Chair­ man. Sir Glynn West appointed to Chair. 1921 438887 Acquisition of Charles Walmesley, paper machinery works. Short of work in traditional lines. Large-scale cancellations of naval and merchant shipbuilding work. 1922 467 549 Strikes in year. Only busy departments were hydro­ electric and civil engineering. Decision taken to embark on Newfoundland electricity and pulp and paper developments. 1923 436376 Additional orders, but at tight prices. 1924 505250 Trade depression acute. Financial problems led to closer contacts with Bank of England and with Baring Bros. 1925 891503 In financial difficulties with major contracts. (loss) 260 Appendix A 1926 531210 Scheme of arrangements for Debenture Holders to (loss) reduce interest charges. 1927 527953 Revaluation of investment in Italy. Arrangement (loss) to dispose of Newfoundland Power and Paper Co. Autumn arrangement for amalgamation with Vickers. 1928 551970 1 January 1928, all naval and armament business of Sir (loss) W. G. Armstrong, Whitworth & Co. passed to Vickers-Armstrong Ltd. Appendix B Members of the Board of Directors of Armstrong Mitchell and Successor Companies, 1883-1929 Armstrong Mitchell 1883 Sir William Armstrong Chairman Capt. A. Noble Vice-Chairman W. D. Cruddas Sir James McGarel Hogg, MP C. Mitchell H. 0. Rende! S. Rende! Sir William Siemens H. F. Swan Rt Hon. Lord Sude1ey Rt Hon. Lord Thurlow J. Vavasseur P. G. B. Westmacott Lt. Gen. Younghusband 1884 Sir W. Siemens died: replaced by Hon. E. F. Leveson Gower. 1885 Col. H. Dyer added. 1887 G. Rende! and Count Albini added. 1888-9 J. M. Falkner succeeded W. D. Cruddas as Secretary, but not in a directorship. 1890 End of directorship of Lord Margheramorne (formerly Sir J. McGarel Hogg). 1895 S. Noble and P. Watts added. Death of C. Mitchell. 1896 Sir W. G. Armstrong and Co. 1897 Sir W. G. Armstrong Whitworth and Co. H. 0. Rende! resigned. Replaced by W. A. Watson-Armstrong. H. S. Carrington, M. Gledhill, H. Whitehead and Maj. Gen. Sir Henry Alderson of Whitworths joined Board. 1898 Death of M.G. Gledhill and of Col. H. Dyer. 1900 Death of Lt. General Younghusband. C. W.
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