Cum Clauses in Future Tenses
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INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119
INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary Ingo Gildenhard https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2018 Ingo Gildenhard The text of this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the author(s), but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work. Attribution should include the following information: Ingo Gildenhard, Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119. Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2018. https://doi. org/10.11647/OBP.0156 Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit https:// www.openbookpublishers.com/product/845#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://www. -
Caesar's De Bello Gallico I
Caesar's De Bello Gallico I Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary Geoffrey Steadman Beta Edition April 2013 Caesar's De Bello Gallico I Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary Beta Edition © 2013 by Geoffrey D. Steadman All rights reserved. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. The author has made an online version of this work available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. The terms of the license can be accessed at creativecommons.org. Accordingly, you are free to copy, alter, and distribute this work under the following conditions: (1) You must attribute the work to the author (but not in any way that suggests that the author endorses your alterations to the work). (2) You may not use this work for commercial purposes. (3) If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license as this one. ISBN-13: ISBN-10: Published by Geoffrey Steadman Cover Design: David Steadman Fonts: Times New Roman [email protected] xii xiii The Life of Julius Caesar How to Use this Commentary Research shows that, as we learn how to read in a second language, a combination of reading and B.C. direct vocabulary instruction is statistically superior to reading alone. -
New Latin Grammar
NEW LATIN GRAMMAR BY CHARLES E. BENNETT Goldwin Smith Professor of Latin in Cornell University Quicquid praecipies, esto brevis, ut cito dicta Percipiant animi dociles teneantque fideles: Omne supervacuum pleno de pectore manat. —HORACE, Ars Poetica. COPYRIGHT, 1895; 1908; 1918 BY CHARLES E. BENNETT PREFACE. The present work is a revision of that published in 1908. No radical alterations have been introduced, although a number of minor changes will be noted. I have added an Introduction on the origin and development of the Latin language, which it is hoped will prove interesting and instructive to the more ambitious pupil. At the end of the book will be found an Index to the Sources of the Illustrative Examples cited in the Syntax. C.E.B. ITHACA, NEW YORK, May 4, 1918 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. The present book is a revision of my Latin Grammar originally published in 1895. Wherever greater accuracy or precision of statement seemed possible, I have endeavored to secure this. The rules for syllable division have been changed and made to conform to the prevailing practice of the Romans themselves. In the Perfect Subjunctive Active, the endings -īs, -īmus, -ītis are now marked long. The theory of vowel length before the suffixes -gnus, -gna, -gnum, and also before j, has been discarded. In the Syntax I have recognized a special category of Ablative of Association, and have abandoned the original doctrine as to the force of tenses in the Prohibitive. Apart from the foregoing, only minor and unessential modifications have been introduced. In its main lines the work remains unchanged. -
Bradley's Arnold Latin Prose Composition
Bradley’s ARNOLD LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION Edited by J. F. Mountford Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. Wauconda, IL 60084 CCopyrightPg.011105.inddopyrightPg.011105.indd 1 55/13/2005/13/2005 111:07:521:07:52 AAMM BRADLEY’S ARNOLD LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION Edited and Revised with an Appendix on Continuous Prose Composition by SIR JAMES MOUNTFORD 1938 David McKay Company, Inc. & Longmans, Green and Co. 2005 Edition Foreword and Updates Donald Sprague Cover Design Adam Phillip Velez Typesetting Dominic Roberti Foreword, Revisions, Typography, Cover © 2005 Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. BOLCHAZY-CARDUCCI PUBLISHERS, INC. 1000 Brown Street Wauconda, IL 60084 USA www.bolchazy.com Printed in the United States of America 2005 by printer name here ISBN 0-86516-595-5 ———————————————————————————————————— Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Arnold, Thomas Kerchever, 1800-1853. Bradley’s Arnold Latin prose composition / edited and revised with an appendix on continuous prose composition by Sir James Mountford.-- 1st ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. Rev. ed. of Bradley’s Arnold, 1938. ISBN 0-86516-595-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Latin language--Composition and exercises. 2. Latin language-- Grammar--Problems, exercises, etc. I. Mountford, J. F. (James Frederick), b. 1897. II. Bradley, George Granville, 1821-1903. III. Bradley’s Arnold. IV. Title. PA2313.A76 2005 808’.0471--dc22 2004029648 CCopyrightPg.011105.inddopyrightPg.011105.indd 2 55/13/2005/13/2005 111:08:281:08:28 AAMM vii Foreword Bring up the topic of Latin prose composition and Bradley’s Arnold is the textbook most often mentioned in response. It’s an almost guaranteed word association match! Indeed, for generations of Latin students, Bradley’s Arnold Latin Prose Composition served as the bible for rendering English into proper Latin. -
Cum Clause Latin Chart
Cum Clause Latin Chart post-haste!Kindred or plundered, Psychiatric Verne and sophomoric never unlearns Winslow any rubles!yeast her Syrian violists and diastema panoptical cannibalizing Leslie assigns and some implores auntie most. so The safety of the soldiers is dear to Cæsar, and because they are seen by him too, so it is expressing the agent of the passive construction. Whenever you now calls, et agunt cum joins clauses are added vocabulary commonly used as a separate dictionary is modified by. This alarm he worth an eyewitness to marry very exciting and very dangerous times for Rome. We have to be captured and the declensions are used in the romans prepare it does. The present active and future passive participles are formed from the present stem, I placed the intention first and the goal next. As a verb it possesses tense and voice. Complete the first page of Verbal Morphology handout. And light was made. Pulchra est terra Italia. Read the whole story. Latin and Greek literature in college, sim and essem. Reiterate the position you disagree with. To form mostly present tense passive, not stay a Perfect Definite as an Historical Perfect cell a direct statement or family, sometimes later change of meaning also involves a that in contruction. Bona labŕrant multī ex rŕmĕnis timēbant ut eos cum clause types? Marius tum cum. Haec pericula vos terrebant. Watch videos and beginning learning these forms. Caesar cum clause which. There so no gender specified, Catullus, aget. In contrast, if necessary. She has been featured by NPR and National Geographic for her ancient history expertise. -
Latin Verb Tenses: Applying Second Language 1 Acquisition Research and Analyses of Verb Uses in Context Rebecca Harrison
Teaching Classical Languages TCLAn Online Journal of the Classical Association of the Middle West and South Articles by: Rebecca Harrison, Stephen Kershner, Theodora B. Kopestonsky, and Christopher Trinacty Volume 10, Issue 2 (Spring 2019) ISSN 2160-2220 Ancient Languages, Contemporary Pedagogy Teaching Classical Languages Volume 10, Issue 2 Front Matter ii Table of Contents Letter from the Editor: Ave atque Vale iv John Gruber-Miller Referees for Teaching Classical Languages, Volumes 6-10 v Learning (and Teaching) Latin Verb Tenses: Applying Second Language 1 Acquisition Research and Analyses of Verb Uses in Context Rebecca Harrison Special Section: Latin Pedagogy and Pop Music What can Taylor Swift do for your Latin Prose Composition students? Using 48 popular music to teach Latin poetry analysis skills. Stephen Kershner Never Out of Style: Teaching Latin Love Poetry with Pop Music 71 Theodora B. Kopestonsky Music, Meaning, and the Muses: Teaching Latin Intertextuality with Wild 101 Nothing’s “Paradise” Christopher Trinacty Cover illustration by Keely Lake. The finished cover illustration is released for use under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Editor John Gruber-Miller, Classical and Modern Languages, Cornell College 600 First St. SW, Mount Vernon, IA 52314 [email protected] Editorial Assistant Keely Lake, Hot Springs, SD [email protected] Teaching Classical Languages Volume 10, Issue 2 Front Matter iii TCL Editorial Board Peter Anderson, Grand Valley State University Rebecca Harrison, Truman State University Caroline Kelly, Mitchell Community College, North Carolina Amy Sommer Rosevear, Cherry Creek High School, Denver, Colorado Wilfred Major, Louisiana State University Bartolo Natoli, Randolph-Macon College Robert Patrick, Parkview High School, Gwinnett County, Georgia Cynthia White, University of Arizona Teaching Classical Languages Mission Statement Teaching Classical Languages (ISSN 2160-2220) is the only peer-re- viewed electronic journal dedicated to the teaching and learning of Latin and an- cient Greek. -
College Caesar
College Caesar Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary Geoffrey Steadman College Caesar Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary First Edition © 2011 by Geoffrey D. Steadman All rights reserved. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. The author has made an online version of this work available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. The terms of the license can be accessed at creativecommons.org. Accordingly, you are free to copy, alter, and distribute this work under the following conditions: (1) You must attribute the work to the author (but not in any way that suggests that the author endorses your alterations to the work). (2) You may not use this work for commercial purposes. (3) If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license as this one. ISBN-13: 978-0-9843065-7-2 ISBN-10: 0-9843065-7-9 Published by Geoffrey Steadman Cover Design: David Steadman Fonts: Times New Roman [email protected] Table of Contents Pages 35 Lessons by Title…………………………………………………………………....v Preface to the Series……………………………………………………………..vii-viii Introduction…………………………………………………………………….......ix-x Outline of the Bellum Gallicum………………………………………………………xi Chronology of the Life of Julius -
Some Considerations on the Apodotic Uses of Atque and Et (2Nd C
DOI 10.1515/joll-2014-0003 Journal of Latin Linguistics 2014; 13(1): 63 – 91 Giovanbattista Galdi Some considerations on the apodotic uses of atque and et (2nd c. BC–2nd c. AD) Abstract: This paper deals with the phenomenon often referred to as “para- hypotaxis,” that is, with the cases in which an adverbial phrase is linked to the matrix clause by means of a copulative conjunction that “breaks” the hypotactic nexus, e.g., Gel. 2,29,8: haec ubi ille dixit et discessit. Specifically, we shall go over all the earlier occurrences of the construction, from Plautus to Apuleius, and, based on their discussion, we shall show that the few certain (or very probable) instances must be explained either by a special use of atque or by Greek influ- ence. We shall hence deny the existence in Latin of “para-hypotaxis” as an auton- omous syntactical category, at least in connection with (pre)classical and Early Imperial times. Keywords: para-hypotaxis, anacoluthon, Graecism, colloquial Latin, apodotic conjunctions Giovanbattista Galdi: Faculty of Letters and Philosophy, University of Ghent, Blandijnberg 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] 1 Introduction This paper deals with the so-called apodotic uses of atque and et, that is, with those cases in which a proleptic adverbial phrase (subordinate – typically temporal – clause, conjunct participle, or ablative absolute) is linked to the matrix clause by means of a copulative conjunction that (often apparently) “breaks” the hypotactic nexus between the two predications,1 e.g., (1) (Plaut. Epid. 217) quom ad portam uenio, atque ego illam illi uideo praestolarier ‘when I came to the door, and I saw her waiting there’ 1 The author would like to express his gratitude to Jim Adams, Gualtiero Calboli, Wolfgang de Melo, and Harm Pinkster for their very helpful comments and suggestions. -
Caesar Commentary
Commentary on Caesar, De Bello Civili, 1.1-33 Charles E. Muntz AG = Allen and Greenough’s New Latin Grammar OLD = Oxford Latin Dictionary Chapter 1 1. …litteris C. Caesaris consulibus redditis: It seems likely that several sentences have been lost from the start of De Bello Civili. e letter referred to was delivered by C. Curio, a staunch supporter of Caesar, to the senate on January 1, 49, and repeats Caesar’s offer that both Pompey and himself give up their military commands. e anti-Caesarian faction in the senate wanted Caesar alone to give up his command. consulibus: L. Lentulus and C. Marcellus, both steadfast opponents of Caesar. redditis: A letter was said to be “restored,” the implication that it was an answer to a previous letter. impetratum est: Impersonal construction “it was granted” - essentially, the subject is the substantive result clause that follows (AG §569). his: the consuls. tribunorum: Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony) and Q. Cassius Longinus, both supporters of Caesar. referretur: Another impersonal construction. Ad senatum referre is the technical expression for bringing an issue to the senate floor for debate. e senate could not legally debate an issue unless it was introduced by one of the magistrates. 2. infinite: “in general,” that is, the consuls were bringing up the general political situation rather than the proposal in Caesar’s letter. ey were afraid that if Caesar’s proposal came to a vote, it would pass since most senators favored peace. defuturum: sc. esse. desum normally governs the dative case. velint…respiciant…sequantur…fecerint: subjunctives in subordinate clauses in indirect discoruse (AG §580). -
The Early Latin Verb System: Archaic Forms in Plautus, Terence, and Beyond. Appendices
The Early Latin Verb System: Archaic Forms in Plautus, Terence, and Beyond. Appendices Wolfgang David Cirilo de Melo, All Souls College September 2007 Oxford Classical Monographs Contents Introduction to Appendices 1–3 1 Appendix 1: Regular Future Tenses 3 A: The Future Tenses in Plaut. Aul. and Curc. .......... 3 B: The Future Tenses in Ter. Ad. .................. 5 C: Simple Futures and Future Perfects of ¯ıre and the Relevant Compounds in Main Clauses . 6 Appendix 2: Main Clause Subjunctives 9 A: Plaut. Aul. and Curc. ...................... 9 B: Ter. Ad. .............................. 10 Appendix 3: Subjunctives in Subordinate Clauses 11 A: Subordinate Clauses Expected to Follow the Sequence of Tenses in Aul., Curc., and Ad. .................... 12 B: Subordinate Clauses Not Expected to Follow the Sequence in Aul., Curc., and Ad. ..................... 18 Appendix 4: Prohibitive Clauses and Selected Constructions of facere 22 A: Clauses Introduced by n¯e or n¯eue ................... 23 B: Prohibitions with Negatives Other than n¯e or n¯eue . 29 C: The Constructions of cau¯ere and Related Words . 30 D: Object Clauses Dependent on Selected Forms of facere . 32 i Appendix 5: Infinitivals — Regular Forms 36 A: The Present and Future Infinitives after c¯onf¯ıd¯o, cr¯ed¯o, d¯ıc¯o and sp¯er¯o .................................. 37 B: The Present and Future Infinitives after Sixteen Verbs . 47 C: Dare and dar¯ı .............................. 59 Appendix 6: Sigmatic Indicatives and Their Regular Counter- parts 65 A: The Sigmatic Indicatives in Plautus — Verbs . 68 B: The Sigmatic Indicatives in Plautus — Clause Types . 70 C: The Sigmatic Indicatives in Terence — Verbs . 71 D: The Sigmatic Indicatives in Terence — Clause Types . -
In Latin Elena V
UDC 811.124+81-119 Philologia Classica. 2018. Vol. 13. Fasc. 2 How to Express Surprise without Saying “I’m Surprised” in Latin Elena V. Zheltova St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; [email protected], [email protected] For citation: Elena V. Zheltova. How to Express Surprise without Saying “I’m Surprised” in Latin. Philologia Classica 2018, 13(2), 228–240. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu20.2018.204 The paper focuses on the ways of expressing mirative semantics in the Latin language. Mira- tivity is a grammatical category which expresses the speaker’s unprepared mind, a deferred realization of a situation and concomitant surprise. These values can be conveyed by both lexical and grammatical means. The paper analyses only grammatical phenomena, without taking into consideration any lexical devices (such as the verb (ad)mirari), and shows that in addition to the basic meanings of time, mood etc. these grammatical phenomena, in certain contexts, express the semantics of abruptness and surprise. Since their primary meaning is not mirative and appears as a “side effect”, they should be called mirative strategies rather than mi- ratives stricto sensu. Such strategies may be reflected through morphological categories of time and mood (e.g. Praesens coniunctivi, Futurum indicativi, Imperfectum indicativi), auxiliaries (particles, conjunctions) or syntactic constructions (Accusativus exclamationis, Infinitivus in- dignantis). Their mirative meaning is contextually conditioned and in some cases is only pos- sible in interaction with other grammatical categories (verbal person, number, etc.). The study investigates pragmatic and stylistic functions of these phenomena and shows that the choice of a strategy in some cases is directly related to the genre of work and the style of speech. -
Exercises on Latin Syntax;
HM •# Qass. Ag.osi E X E It C I S E S LATIN SYNTAX; ADAPTED TO ZUMPT'S GRAMMAR. TO WHICH ARE ADDED EXTRACTS FROM THE WRITINGS OF MURETUS. The Rev. JOHN KENRICK, M.A. FOURTH EDITION. ^c^f ^fL LONDON: B. FELLOWES, LUDGATE STREET. MDCCCXXXVIII. * „ If *\<** PRINTED BY RICHARD KINDER. GREEN ARBOUR COURT. OLD BAILEY. PREFACE. I have adapted this book of Exercises to my Translation of Zumpt's Latin Grammar, in or- der to extend its utility, by enabling the teachers who use it to conduct their pupils through a regular course of Latin composition, in the or- der of that work. In Germany, where the ori- ginal Grammar has been very generally intro- duced into the Gymnasia, two Exercise Books have been published, which, from their titles, appear to be adapted to it. I have not, how- ever, seen either of them, and the passages which are here given have been, with few ex- ceptions, selected by myself from the original authors. Cicero has, of course, furnished the largest part ; the authors of the silver age, with the exception of Curtius, have been spa- ringly used. As there is comparatively little difference in the declensions and conjugations in different Grammars, I have confined myself VI PREFACE. to the illustration of the Syntax, and in this I have generally proportioned the number of ex- amples to the difficulty of the rule to be exem- plified. The important Chapter, of the Signi- fication and Government of Prepositions, would not have been passed over, had not the excel- lent Praxis of Dr.