Exercises on Latin Syntax;

HM •# Qass. Ag.osi E X E It C I S E S LATIN SYNTAX; ADAPTED TO ZUMPT'S GRAMMAR. TO WHICH ARE ADDED EXTRACTS FROM THE WRITINGS OF MURETUS. The Rev. JOHN KENRICK, M.A. FOURTH EDITION. ^c^f ^fL LONDON: B. FELLOWES, LUDGATE STREET. MDCCCXXXVIII. * „ If *\<** PRINTED BY RICHARD KINDER. GREEN ARBOUR COURT. OLD BAILEY. PREFACE. I have adapted this book of Exercises to my Translation of Zumpt's Latin Grammar, in or- der to extend its utility, by enabling the teachers who use it to conduct their pupils through a regular course of Latin composition, in the or- der of that work. In Germany, where the original Grammar has been very generally intro- duced into the Gymnasia, two Exercise Books have been published, which, from their titles, appear to be adapted to it. I have not, how- ever, seen either of them, and the passages which are here given have been, with few ex- ceptions, selected by myself from the original authors. Cicero has, of course, furnished the largest part ; the authors of the silver age, with the exception of Curtius, have been spa- ringly used. As there is comparatively little difference in the declensions and conjugations in different Grammars, I have confined myself VI PREFACE. to the illustration of the Syntax, and in this I have generally proportioned the number of examples to the difficulty of the rule to be exemplified. The important Chapter, of the Signi- fication and Government of Prepositions, would not have been passed over, had not the excel- lent Praxis of Dr. Butler afforded a copious variety of examples. The Teacher, I hope, will approve the plan which I have adopted, of giving questions on the rules to be exemplified, instead of repeating or merely referring to them. He will also find room for the exercise of his own judgement, in selecting what is best adapted to the age or attainments of his own pupils, in furnishing them with more of the original Latin than is given in the Notes, and in re- moving the difficulty which may arise from the occasional anticipation of constructions belong- ing to a later part of the Grammar. I have subjoined some extracts from Mure- tus, as exercises in the structure of longer sentences, and of the period ; and for the sake of variety, I have taken them from his Epistles, and his critical and oratorical works. Long extracts from the Classics are usually discovered and copied ; and independently of this, I was desirous of exhibiting a specimen of an author - who is admitted to be one of the Greatest mo — PREFACE. VU dem masters of Latin style. Modern Latinity, if it be anything but a cento, must be a language formed analogically, by adhering as closely to the classical idiom as the difference of ancient and modern thought allows. The works of the great authors who wrote in Latin soon after the revival of letters, and before the idioms of the vernacular languages exercised much influence on expression in the ancient, seem peculiarly calculated to assist in acquiring the use of Latin style for modern purposes. Mu- retus i$ confessed to stand at the head of these, and the greatest Transalpine Latinists of recent times, Ernesti, Ruhnken, F. A. Wolf, and Wyttenbach, are known to have formed their style by the assiduous perusal of his writings. Wyttenbach thus speaks of his obligations to him : a Equidem ssepe animadvert^ homines, qui primum ad Cice- ronis lectionem accedunt, magis capiacdelectari scriptis Mureti et similium : non quod horum oratio minus Latina, ideoque facilior sit : sed quod ratio materiaque nostree eetati nostrisque ingeniis magis aptee sunt. Horum nos lectio, quasi blanda manu, ad veteres ducit : estque velut iirif^aOpa, seu gradus et aditus ad veteres ; sed purus ille castusque, unde nil sordium ad ipsa eorum sacraria afferamus. Certe, si quid ego ad scri- bendi facultatem profeci ; quod pro rei magnitudine exiguum esse non ignoro; sed si quid profeci, hoc magnam partem debui lectioni operum Mureti: quae me adolescentem mira sua- Vlll PREFACE. vitate deliniebat, exemplis augebat et ad Ciceronem alliciebat." —Mahnii Vit. Wyttenb. ed. alt. p. 82. Had my limits allowed, I would gladly have given larger extracts, and added some from a few other modern Latinists, whose style may safely be imitated. It is to be regretted that the works of Muretus are little known in this country, and that editions of them are not easily accessible. This consideration, joined with the suggestions of some who are engaged in education, has induced me to print separately, for their use, the original of all the passages from which the following Exercises have been translated. They may be advantageously used also, as a collection of extracts for construing ; illustrating the rules to which they refer, more fully than the examples of the Grammar. J. K. ; EXERCISES ON LATIN SYNTAX Sect. LXV. Subject and Predicate. (1, 2, 3.) What is the subject of a proposition? What is the predicate ? In what number must the verb be which forms the predicate ? God constructed 1) the world. The swallows depart in the winter-months 2). Peace is produced 3) by war. Some nations live on fish 4) and the eggs of birds. Philosophy dispels 5) our errors. The neck of peacocks and doves shines 6) with various colours 7)« The earth, from a small seed 8) of a fig, produces 9) a large trunk. A clear spring reflects 10) an image of a person looking upon it 1 1). Thirty tyrants, placed in authority 12) by the Lacedeemonians 13), kept Athens in slavery 14). The states of Thessaly presented 15) the children of Pelopidas with a large estate 16). Nature has defended 17) trees from the heat and cold by a bark, sometimes double; and has given to animals various coverings, shells, hides, hair 18), 1) JEdifico. 2) Winter, expressed by an adjective. Gr. sect. 72, 11. 3) Pario. 4) Abl. plur. 5) Discutio. 6) Niteo. 7) Abl. without cum, 72, 10. 8) Granum, from the nature of the seed generally, semen. 9) Procreo. 10) Eeddo; the verb last in the sentence, the accusative before it. 11) Gen. of the part. pres. of intueor, without a substantive. 12) Prceponere. 13) Abl. with a. 72, 1. 14) * Kept oppressed with slavery.' 15) Bono. 16) Multus ager. 17) Tutor. 18) Pili, used both of men and of brutes. 2 Subject and Predicate. [sect. lxv. feathers, and fleeces. Corinth was taken in the fourth year of the 105 th Olympiad, in the 608th year of Rome. (4.) If the predicate is formed by a verb of existence and a noun of different number and gender from the subject, to which will the verb conform ? What other verbs, besides those of simple existence (p. 258.) have the same construction ? In what circumstances does the verb sometimes conform to the noun in the predicate ? (Note.) Rome, afterwards so great, was once a pasture 1) for a few oxen. Eight legions, near the Rhine 2), were the principal strength of the empire. The emperor Titus Vespasian was called 3) the darling 4) of the human race. The town of Psestum was called by the Greeks, Posidonia. Passion and reason are a change of the mind for better 5) and worse. (5.) If several nouns are joined in the subject, under what circumstances must the predicate be plural ? When may it be singular ? Pompey, Lentulus, Scipio, Afranius, perished in the civil wars by a miserable death 6). At 7) the lake Regillus, in the war with the Latins 8), Castor and Pollux were seen to fight on horseback 9) in the Roman line. Fineness, closeness 10), whiteness, smoothness, are regarded 11) in paper 12). His long hair set off Scipio, and his personal appearance 13), not elaborately neat 14), but truly manly and military. The re- 1) Pascua. 2) Juxta following its case. 3) Imperf. 4) Delicice. 5) In melius. In this example the verb is at the end, and conforms to the pred. which immediately precedes it. 6) Fcede. 7) Apud. 8) Gen. 9) Ex withplur. 10) Densitas. 11) Specto, plur. With this begin the sentence. 12) Chartce, i.e. the papyrus. 13) Habitus corporis. 14) Cultus munditiis. Begin the sentence with the accus. ; then the verb sing. sect, lxv.] Subject and Predicate. 3 search and investigation of truth is especially appropriate to man 1). The excellence and greatness of the mind shines out in despising wealth 2) . Hunger and thirst are (sing.) removed 3) by meat and drink. The forehead, the eyes, the countenance, often deceive ; the speech 4) most frequently of all. — — turn. (5, note 3.) Et et ; quum As it happened 5), about the same time, bothMarcellus came to Rome to deprecate disgrace 6), and the consul Q. Fulvius to hold 7) the comitia. There was in Miltiades both the greatest 8) all kindness and wonderful affability ; great authority with 9) the states, an illustrious 10) name, and the greatest military glory, 11). (6.) What is the subject of a verb of the first or second person ? How is the construction to be ex- plained when a noun appears to be the subject ? Let (us) senators collect tomorrow, into a public stock 12), all the gold, silver, and stamped copper; so that every one may leave a ring for himself 13). Asinius Pollio relates that Caesar said 14), after the battle of Pharsalia, " They would have it so 15) ; after performing 16) such exploits, (I) Caius Caesar should have been condemned, if I had not sought assistance from the army." (7.) If pronouns of different persons are united in the subject, what will be the person of the verb? What other construction sometimes takes place? (Note.) 1) Gen.

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