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SAGITTARIUS VALLEY and PELIGNA DELL BETWEEN 4Th and 1St CENTURY BC TRENDS and DEVELOPMENTS of ROMANIZATION
SAGITTARIUS VALLEY AND PELIGNA DELL BETWEEN 4th AND 1st CENTURY BC TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS OF ROMANIZATION SUMMARY PART I. THESIS FOREWORD It describes the problems that the present work is to contribute to solve : the still poor understanding of Romanization as a phenomenon in the Peligna Valley and the state of documentation, very substantial but fragmentary and unsystematic in large part. The theme of Romanization is introduced and defined, from an historical point of view. Finally, it focuses on methodology followed while developing the work as well as advantages and limitations involved. Acknowledgements and more detailed methodological note close-out this section. HISTORY OF STUDIES An overview of the most significant discoveries and studies on the above mentioned territoryfrom the beginning of the modern era to the present time. PELIGNI SOURCES IN LATIN AND GREEK Analysis of the testimonies of Greek and Latin authors on Peligni, broken down into: Geographical Testimonies Testimonies relating to religion, myths, and customs Documents on the history of Peligni and their relationships with Rome Sources on rearrangements in Romans ’ territory planning activities GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES Description of area main elements from a geographical point of view, that includes how the territorial structure has influenced the ancient built-up areas. It also outlines the different areas in which the territory is divided. ANALYSIS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS A study of the archaeological contexts belonging to each type being present in the territory (urban spreads, sanctuaries, necropolis) provided with a detailed analysis of cultural materials and inscriptions, which is relating to the different districts: SagittariusValley . Study of the necropolis lying in the territory of Anversa degli Abruzzi, a sub-region inserted in the preferred trade routes between the territories of Piceno, Sannio, and Daunia, which were less exposed to the influence of Tyrrhenian and Lazio areas . -
INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119
INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary Ingo Gildenhard https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2018 Ingo Gildenhard The text of this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the author(s), but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work. Attribution should include the following information: Ingo Gildenhard, Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119. Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2018. https://doi. org/10.11647/OBP.0156 Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit https:// www.openbookpublishers.com/product/845#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://www. -
Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N
Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N. Purcell, 1997 Introduction The landscape of central Italy has not been intrinsically stable. The steep slopes of the mountains have been deforested–several times in many cases–with consequent erosion; frane or avalanches remove large tracts of regolith, and doubly obliterate the archaeological record. In the valley-bottoms active streams have deposited and eroded successive layers of fill, sealing and destroying the evidence of settlement in many relatively favored niches. The more extensive lowlands have also seen substantial depositions of alluvial and colluvial material; the coasts have been exposed to erosion, aggradation and occasional tectonic deformation, or–spectacularly in the Bay of Naples– alternating collapse and re-elevation (“bradyseism”) at a staggeringly rapid pace. Earthquakes everywhere have accelerated the rate of change; vulcanicity in Campania has several times transformed substantial tracts of landscape beyond recognition–and reconstruction (thus no attempt is made here to re-create the contours of any of the sometimes very different forerunners of today’s Mt. Vesuvius). To this instability must be added the effect of intensive and continuous intervention by humanity. Episodes of depopulation in the Italian peninsula have arguably been neither prolonged nor pronounced within the timespan of the map and beyond. Even so, over the centuries the settlement pattern has been more than usually mutable, which has tended to obscure or damage the archaeological record. More archaeological evidence has emerged as modern urbanization spreads; but even more has been destroyed. What is available to the historical cartographer varies in quality from area to area in surprising ways. -
Caesar's De Bello Gallico I
Caesar's De Bello Gallico I Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary Geoffrey Steadman Beta Edition April 2013 Caesar's De Bello Gallico I Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary Beta Edition © 2013 by Geoffrey D. Steadman All rights reserved. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. The author has made an online version of this work available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. The terms of the license can be accessed at creativecommons.org. Accordingly, you are free to copy, alter, and distribute this work under the following conditions: (1) You must attribute the work to the author (but not in any way that suggests that the author endorses your alterations to the work). (2) You may not use this work for commercial purposes. (3) If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license as this one. ISBN-13: ISBN-10: Published by Geoffrey Steadman Cover Design: David Steadman Fonts: Times New Roman [email protected] xii xiii The Life of Julius Caesar How to Use this Commentary Research shows that, as we learn how to read in a second language, a combination of reading and B.C. direct vocabulary instruction is statistically superior to reading alone. -
Lucan's Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulf
Lucan’s Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2014 Reading Committee: Catherine Connors, Chair Alain Gowing Stephen Hinds Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Classics © Copyright 2014 Laura Zientek University of Washington Abstract Lucan’s Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Catherine Connors Department of Classics This dissertation is an analysis of the role of landscape and the natural world in Lucan’s Bellum Civile. I investigate digressions and excurses on mountains, rivers, and certain myths associated aetiologically with the land, and demonstrate how Stoic physics and cosmology – in particular the concepts of cosmic (dis)order, collapse, and conflagration – play a role in the way Lucan writes about the landscape in the context of a civil war poem. Building on previous analyses of the Bellum Civile that provide background on its literary context (Ahl, 1976), on Lucan’s poetic technique (Masters, 1992), and on landscape in Roman literature (Spencer, 2010), I approach Lucan’s depiction of the natural world by focusing on the mutual effect of humanity and landscape on each other. Thus, hardships posed by the land against characters like Caesar and Cato, gloomy and threatening atmospheres, and dangerous or unusual weather phenomena all have places in my study. I also explore how Lucan’s landscapes engage with the tropes of the locus amoenus or horridus (Schiesaro, 2006) and elements of the sublime (Day, 2013). -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
Pharsalus 48 BC So SI SHEPPARD Is a Former Journalist Currently Enrolled As a Ph.D
Campaign OSPREY Pharsalus 48 BC so SI SHEPPARD is a former journalist currently enrolled as a Ph.D. student in International Relations at Johns Hopkins University. He graduated with an MA with Distinction from Victoria University and was winner of the Sir Desmond Todd Award for best thesis in a political subject. Si Sheppard has published a number of books and has contributed numerous articles on political and historical topics to leading journals, magazines and newspapers. This is his first title for Osprey. He lives in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. ADAM HOOK studied graphic design, and began his work as an illustrator in 1983. He specializes in detailed historical reconstructions, and has illustrated Osprey titles on the Aztecs, the Greeks, the American Civil War and the American Revolution. His work features in exhibitions and publications throughout the world. He lives in East Sussex, UK. Pharsalus 48 BC Caesar and Pompey - Clash of the Titans Campaign • 174 Pharsalus 48 BC Caesar and Pompey - Clash of the Titans Si Sheppard • Illustrated by Adam Hook ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dedicated to Stephen Levine: mentor, colleague and friend. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 7 CHRONOLOGY 17 OPPOSING COMMANDERS 21 The Caesareans • The Republicans THE LEGIONS OF THE LATE REPUBLIC 29 THE CAMPAIGN 33 The Rubicon to Brundisium • Brundisium to Dyrrachium • Dyrrachium to Pharsalus THE BATTLE 54 Opposing plans • Opposing armies • The clash of arms AFTERMATH 83 THE BATTLEFIELD TODAY 92 BIBLIOGRAPHY 93 INDEX 95 INTRODUCTION: TO THE RUBICON he legend SPQR - Senatus Populusque Romanus, the Senate and People of Rome - emblazoned on the standards of the city's all- conquering legions in the last few centuries before Christ was both a potent symbol of the source of the republic's power and a reflection of the smouldering tension inherent in its system of government. -
Pompey and Cicero: an Alliance of Convenience
POMPEY AND CICERO: AN ALLIANCE OF CONVENIENCE THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of Texas State University-San Marcos in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of ARTS by Charles E. Williams Jr., B.A. San Marcos, Texas May 2013 POMPEY AND CICERO: AN ALLIANCE OF CONVENIENCE Committee Members Approved: ______________________________ Pierre Cagniart, Chair ______________________________ Kenneth Margerison ______________________________ Elizabeth Makowski Approved: ______________________________ J. Michael Willoughby Dean of the Graduate College COPYRIGHT by Charles E. Williams Jr. 2013 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94- 553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgment. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Charles E. Williams Jr., authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Above all I would like to thank my parents, Chuck and Kay Williams, for their continuing support, assistance, and encouragement. Their desire to see me succeed in my academic career is perhaps equal to my own. Thanks go as well to Dr Pierre Cagnart, without whom this work would not have been possible. His expertise in Roman politics and knowledge concerning the ancient sources were invaluable. I would also like to thank Dr. Kenneth Margerison and Dr. Elizabeth Makowski for critiquing this work and many other papers I have written as an undergraduate and graduate student. -
Female Patronage of Public Space in Roman Cities
Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository Senior Theses and Projects Student Scholarship Spring 2017 Female Patronage of Public Space in Roman Cities Joy H. Kim Trinity College, Hartford Connecticut, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Kim, Joy H., "Female Patronage of Public Space in Roman Cities". Senior Theses, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 2017. Trinity College Digital Repository, https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses/653 FEMALE PATRONAGE OF PUBLIC SPACE IN ROMAN CITIES By Joy Kim Senior Honors Thesis for Classical Studies and Urban Studies Advisors: Dr. Gary Reger, Dr. Garth Myers Spring 2017 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 3 DEFINING PATRONS AND BENEFACTORS ...................................................................................... 5 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................... 8 TYPES OF ROMAN PUBLIC ARCHITECTURE ................................................................................ 11 CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................ 13 CHAPTER ONE: EXEMPLARY IMPERIAL WOMEN ..................................................... -
Communicating Identity Belongs to the Publishers Oxbow Books and It Is Their Copyright
This pdf of your paper inCommunicating Identity belongs to the publishers Oxbow Books and it is their copyright. As author you are licenced to make up to 50 offprints from it, but beyond that you may not publish it on the World Wide Web until three years from publication (July 2014), unless the site is a limited access intranet (password protected). If you have queries about this please contact the editorial department at Oxbow Books ([email protected]). An offprint from Communicating Identity in Italic Iron Age Communities Edited by Margarita Gleba and Helle W. Horsnæs © Oxbow Book 2011 ISBN 978-1-84217-991-8 Contents Preface vii Authors ix List of Abbreviations xiii Introduction: Communicating Identity in Italic Iron Age Communities – and Beyond 1 Jean MacIntosh Turfa 1. Communicating Identities in Funerary Iconography: the Inscribed Stelae of Northern Italy 7 Kathryn Lomas 2. The ‘Distaff Side’ of Early Iron Age Aristocratic Identity in Italy 26 Margarita Gleba 3. Weaving, Gift and Wedding. A Local Identity for the Daunian Stelae 33 Camilla Norman 4. Identity in the Tomb of the Diver at Poseidonia 50 E. G. D. Robinson 5. Communicating Identity in an Italic-Greek Community: the Case of L’Amastuola (Salento) 73 Jan Paul Crielaard and Gert-Jan Burgers 6. Family and Community: Self-Representation in a Lucanian Chamber Tomb 90 Helena Fracchia 7. The Inscribed Caduceus from Roccagloriosa (South Italy): Image of an Emerging ‘Political’ Identity 99 Maurizio Gualtieri 8. Hybridity and Hierarchy: Cultural Identity and Social Mobility in Archaic Sicily 113 Gillian Shepherd 9. Wohnen in Compounds: Haus-Gesellschaften und soziale Gruppenbildung im frühen West- und Mittelsizilien (12.–6. -
Cum Clause Latin Chart
Cum Clause Latin Chart post-haste!Kindred or plundered, Psychiatric Verne and sophomoric never unlearns Winslow any rubles!yeast her Syrian violists and diastema panoptical cannibalizing Leslie assigns and some implores auntie most. so The safety of the soldiers is dear to Cæsar, and because they are seen by him too, so it is expressing the agent of the passive construction. Whenever you now calls, et agunt cum joins clauses are added vocabulary commonly used as a separate dictionary is modified by. This alarm he worth an eyewitness to marry very exciting and very dangerous times for Rome. We have to be captured and the declensions are used in the romans prepare it does. The present active and future passive participles are formed from the present stem, I placed the intention first and the goal next. As a verb it possesses tense and voice. Complete the first page of Verbal Morphology handout. And light was made. Pulchra est terra Italia. Read the whole story. Latin and Greek literature in college, sim and essem. Reiterate the position you disagree with. To form mostly present tense passive, not stay a Perfect Definite as an Historical Perfect cell a direct statement or family, sometimes later change of meaning also involves a that in contruction. Bona labŕrant multī ex rŕmĕnis timēbant ut eos cum clause types? Marius tum cum. Haec pericula vos terrebant. Watch videos and beginning learning these forms. Caesar cum clause which. There so no gender specified, Catullus, aget. In contrast, if necessary. She has been featured by NPR and National Geographic for her ancient history expertise. -
College Caesar
College Caesar Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary Geoffrey Steadman College Caesar Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary First Edition © 2011 by Geoffrey D. Steadman All rights reserved. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. The author has made an online version of this work available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. The terms of the license can be accessed at creativecommons.org. Accordingly, you are free to copy, alter, and distribute this work under the following conditions: (1) You must attribute the work to the author (but not in any way that suggests that the author endorses your alterations to the work). (2) You may not use this work for commercial purposes. (3) If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license as this one. ISBN-13: 978-0-9843065-7-2 ISBN-10: 0-9843065-7-9 Published by Geoffrey Steadman Cover Design: David Steadman Fonts: Times New Roman [email protected] Table of Contents Pages 35 Lessons by Title…………………………………………………………………....v Preface to the Series……………………………………………………………..vii-viii Introduction…………………………………………………………………….......ix-x Outline of the Bellum Gallicum………………………………………………………xi Chronology of the Life of Julius