DOCSLIB.ORG

Regulatory Implications of the Adoption of Digital Television in Chile

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Regulatory Implications of the Adoption of Digital Television in Chile Regulatory Implications of the Adoption of Digital Television in Chile Sergio Godoy Etcheverry, MBA PhD Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Introduction pared with only 90% of Chileans with mobile tele- The present study offers an assessment of the reg- phones. In contrast, an estimated 48% of people access ulatory implications of the adoption in Chile of digital the Internet (one of the highest rates in Latin America) terrestrial television (DTTV, i.e., open digital televi- and 30% of households receive pay TV. At the rate of an sion), particularly following the November, 2008 sub- average of about three hours of viewing per capita per mission in Congress of the draft presidential reform day, TVA provides the foundation of the notions of law to regulate all television (No. 18,838) and after the “reality” in the minds of the average Chilean. This adoption of the Japanese ISDB standard in September, occurs not only through news programs, but in the mod- 2009 in line with Brazil, Argentina, and Peru. This els and stereotypes in the genres of entertainment, as study applies to this vision of the entire television sys- well as the advertising messages that finance the entire tem, including its public policy, economic, industrial, package. Because of its massiveness and immediacy technological, and social dimensions. In addition I will (which makes it very effective), TVAhas attracted more give priority to the public’s perspective as to how digi- advertising for decades: according to the Chilean tization may enable them to access (or not) more and Association of Advertising Agencies (ACHAP), in better television, at a reasonable cost, with more and 2008, it captured half of the advertising pie ($933 mil- better content developed locally. lion), one of the highest ratios in history. This work has three parts. The first outlines the TVAis “open” because of the characteristics of its context of television in Chile, in terms of its social rel- transmission medium, the electromagnetic spectrum. evance and the changes in the business and production First, the spectrum as a natural resource is freely avail- models due to digitization. The second part presents able. The sender needs only an antenna to transmit and, three models of analysis that help manage the regulato- before digital technology, could not charge people who ry discussion: liberalism/restrictions (Curran & Seaton, had receivers; they, in turn, are accustomed to receiv- 1997), public service television, and parameters of ing television content for free. Thus, broadcasters had quality television for the various social actors and ana- to find finance by third parties: advertisers, govern- lytic levels. Each of these applies to the present as well ments, or sponsors. Second, the spectrum is finite: as the historical reality of the legal frameworks of there is no room for an unlimited number of broadcast- Chilean TV. This section also refers to the British sys- ers, unlike what happens with other media, like print. tem of DTTV—Freeview—whose success has much to Third, when not regulated, the use of the spectrum do with a consistent and updated regulatory frame- leads broadcasters to interfere with each other work, one of which targets the common good. The third (McQuail, 1998; Wood, 1992). part analyzes and assesses, based on the models and For all these reasons, the received wisdom holds detailed background in the previous sections, the legal that the electromagnetic spectrum serves as a national reform project of the government to allow DTTV. asset for public use, franchised by specific criteria to individuals or organizations selected by some mecha- nism, hopefully (but not always) unbiased. Countries 1. The Context often require certain compensations to the concession- aire in return for this privilege, which vary from coun- A. The importance of television try to country (McQuail, 1998). In Chile, among other Along with the radio in 2008, almost 100% of things, television broadcasters must allow a segment of Chilean households receive broadcast televison (TVAin electoral advertising at election time and ban obscene its Spanish acronym, referring to terrestrial broadcast- or violent contents, subject to penalties by the National ing, not to be confused with satellite distribution), com- Television Council (CNTV). COMMUNICATION RESEARCH TRENDS VOLUME 29 (2010) NO. 2 — 25 B. Digitization ship based on a general audience, and advertising estab- TV receivers in Chile cannot capture both analog lished to raise finance. The amount and type of audience and digital signals, unless they add an adapter to con- attracted, as measured by a survey (electronic, in this vert from one format to another. But digital video case: the people meter) by a separate company, already exists in the forms of DVDs, pay TV (which Time/Ibope, serves as the basis for advertising alloca- requires a decoder or set top box), and the Internet. tion. The need to attract mass audiences encourages TVA channels require a legal change to transmit with operators to imitate each other, with the consequent loss new digital technology, since the public needs to of program diversity and sense of few alternatives from change their receivers or get a decoder. And contempo- the audience (Ishikawa, 1996; Godoy, 2000). rary societies assume that universal free access to TV TVA filled seven channels (2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, and has become an acquired right, something that applied 13) in the VHF band, with each license given to a dif- to neither the Internet nor cable. ferent operator since the existing law prevents the con- But apart from the change in the reception equip- trol of more than one channel per operator. This variety ment, the digital formats amend the premises on which of operators (one state, three universities, and three pri- the industry built the conventional TV model. vate, although one university licensee ceded operations Digitization encodes images, sounds, and text using the to a business, controlled by the newly elected presi- protocols of computers, thus not only allowing one to dent, Sebastián Piñera) ensures reasonable levels of mix previously separate media (like news, music, TV, editorial quality and diversity, considering the limited or movies) but also telecommunications, because wire- possibilities of a middle-income small country like less and cable networks can transmit any kind of bina- Chile (Godoy, 2006, 2000, 1999). The law has pre- ry data. This process of technological convergence lies vented the concentration of ownership that exists in at the heart of the switch from analog to digital, which other countries and media sectors; it also requires sta- correlates today to mergers and acquisitions. tions to compete fiercely with each other for a share in This means, first, that analog TVA no longer pro- the advertising pie, with ratings based per minute (this vides the only type of television. Digital protocols allow prevented the development of analog UHF channels recourse to a wide range of delivery mechanisms and during the 1990s—there was almost no interest for /or combine them. Thus, there are TV direct-to-home licensing analog television in the UHF band available satellite systems (DirecTV and Sky, for example), cable since 1990 because of difficulties in financing it: each systems (VTR, Zap, Telefónica), conventional terrestri- license requires the operator to compete and sell adver- al broadcasting (TVA or open television), and broad- tising in isolation without being able to merge channel band Internet. In some respects, they complement each operations, Godoy, 1999). other; in others, they replace network television. To dis- Along with this traditional set-up, pay-TV also tinguish it from the “other” digitized television, we operates in Chile, funded largely by direct charge to the speak of digital terrestrial television (DTTV), which is user (and also marginally by advertising sales). As in open digital TV, transmitted using antennas located on many countries, a single large company dominates pay planet Earth (as opposed to transmission by satellite TV (VTR concentrated 71% of subscribers in 2007); mounted antennas floating in space). The distinction the company provides subscribers with dozens of chan- between DTTV and other television matters because nels, both general and specialized, with different pay- they involve different viewing experiences for the pub- ment options depending on level of service for each of lic and also various operational and business models, them (basic signals, Premium, and pay per view). The although they often share the same screen at home. VTR subscription revenues, totaling some $360 mil- lion in 2007 (equivalent to almost 80% of the revenues C. The television business model: Deep change of all broadcast channels together) have the added The business model of the TVA and its regulatory bonus that subscriptions are more stable than advertis- framework is old. It is actually very similar to AM ing sales. broadcasting in the 1930s to the 1950s, with relatively Like Telefónica, VTR (Chile’s subsidiary of few licensees (four nationwide, three in the regional cap- Globalcom) gets additional revenue through links to ital, Santiago). In general, channels developed most of Internet telephony and broadband, and will add mobile the content they broadcast, the programming arranged in phone service during 2010. This triple pack of telepho- a grid, the spectrum distributed through a grant relation- ny, Internet, and television is the core business of these 26 — VOLUME 29 (2010) NO. 2 COMMUNICATION RESEARCH TRENDS companies, and the relationship of television income creating content for mass appeal in Chile. And by act or with respect to telephony and the Internet is about one omission, the regulatory framework defined for DTTV to ten. And while pay TV still has a theoretical ceiling affects that. of 65% to 70% of Chilean homes that have not yet signed, broadcast or network television has nowhere to 2. Evaluation Parameters grow: There are no new homes to gain, and a couple of This section discusses policy and analytic models decades ago the advertising pie reached the GDP ratio that help to frame the legal reforms under discussion.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Linguistic Debate in Chile: Ideologies and Representations of Languages and Multilingual Practices in the National Online News
    The linguistic debate in Chile: ideologies and representations of languages and multilingual practices in the national online news HANNA SLIASHYNSKAYA Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Newcastle University School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences July 2019 ii Abstract Linguistic ideologies, or beliefs about languages and their use, are key to dynamics and changes in language choice, language minorisation and death. Linguistic ideologies, especially those of monolingualism, have long been part of nation-states’ policies (Shohamy, 2006; Fairclough, 2015) despite the prevalence of multilingualism in social domains (Meyerhoff, 2008). Chile, the context of this research project, is a multilingual country with a surprisingly limited amount of language legislation (Leclerc, 2015) most of which focuses on governmental plans to make Chile bilingual by 2030 (Minsegpres, Mineduc and Minec, 2014) and the foreign language education in schools, namely, the teaching of English, the only foreign language taught in public schools since 2010. At the same time, the use of indigenous languages is not regulated, and Spanish is the de facto official language. In view of such laissez-faire regulations of Chile’s linguistic setting, it is crucial to explore public domains beyond language policy to explain the ongoing minoritisation of indigenous languages and the growth of the dominant languages. Thus, this thesis examines how dominant and minoritised languages are represented in popular national online newspapers. The collected data includes 8877 news articles published in ten most widely-read Chilean online newspapers between 2010 and 2016 and containing references to Chile’s local (Mapudungún, Rapa Nui, Aimara, Quechua, Yámana, Huilliche, Qawasqar, Kunza and Spanish) and foreign languages (English), as well as variously labelled multilingual practices, such as bilingualism and multilingualism.
    [Show full text]
  • Telenovela, Reception and Social Debate1 Telenovela, Recepción Y Debate Social
    AMIGO, B., BRAVO, M. y OSORIO, F. Soap operas, reception and social debate CUADERNOS.INFO Nº 35 ISSN 0719-3661 Versión electrónica: ISSN 0719-367x http://www.cuadernos.info doi: 10.7764/cdi.35.654 Received: 10-15-2014 / Accepted: 11-25-2014 Telenovela, reception and social debate1 Telenovela, recepción y debate social BERNARDO AMIGO, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ([email protected]) MARÍA CECILIA BRAVO, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ([email protected]) FRANCISCO OSORIO, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ([email protected]) ABSTRACT RESUMEN The essay summarises qualitative empirical research El artículo sintetiza un conjunto de investigaciones on Chilean television carried out between 2007 and empíricas cualitativas sobre la ficción televisiva en 2014. The article focuses on the interactive mecha- Chile, realizadas entre 2007 y 2014. Específicamente, nism that mutually influences television and viewers se centra en los mecanismos de interacción que se through fiction (telenovela). It concludes that the configuran entre la televisión y los telespectadores a dynamic of social debate can influence the symbo- través del género televisivo de la telenovela. Concluye lic conditions for the production of television dis- que las dinámicas del debate social pueden influir course, argument that opposes the classic thesis of en las condiciones simbólicas para la producción de television direct effects on society. discursos en la televisión, argumento que es contrario a la tesis clásica de los efectos directos de la televisión en la sociedad. Keywords: Telenovela, identification, media representa- Palabras clave: Telenovela, identificación, representación tion, social uses, gender. mediática, usos sociales, género. •How to cite: Amigo,CUADERNOS.INFO B., Bravo, M.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Dictatorship Documentary in Chile: Conversations with Three Second-Generation Film Directors
    humanities Article Post-Dictatorship Documentary in Chile: Conversations with Three Second-Generation Film Directors Antonio Traverso ID School of Media, Creative Arts and Social Inquiry, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; [email protected] Received: 28 November 2017; Accepted: 9 January 2018; Published: 14 January 2018 Abstract: No other medium has rejected the restorative narrative of Chile’s democratic state’s memory discourse as vigorously as documentary cinema. After the several democratic governments that succeeded the civic-military dictatorial alliance that ruled this nation uninterruptedly between 1973 and 1990, documentary films have resisted monumental versions of historical memory by confronting the ambivalent nuances of the traumatic legacy of the dictatorship. Chilean documentarians have investigated, uncovered, and depicted the dictatorial state’s crimes, while offering testimonial space to survivors, and have also interrogated the perspectives of the dictatorship’s supporters, collaborators, and perpetrators while wrestling with an open dialectic of confrontational and reconciliatory gestures. More recently, this interest has intensified and combined with what is often described as a “boom” in second-generation personal-narration memory films. The present article includes the author’s conversations with the directors of three recent Chilean second-generation documentaries that explore the perspectives of former secret service collaborators: Adrian Goycoolea’s ¡Viva Chile Mierda! [Long Live Chile, Damn It!]
    [Show full text]
  • Vaitea Patrimonio Arqueológico En Riesgo
    Rapa Nui - Mayo 2012 Vaitea Patrimonio Arqueológico en Riesgo Año 5 Archeaological heritage in danger Nº 51 Marcoyora Reina de la Isla - Queen of the Island l pasado Día de la Mujer, la alcaldesa de la Ilustre n International Women’s Day, the mayor of Isla de Municipalidad de Isla de Pascua no sólo destacó a las Pascua paid homage not only to Rapanui women, mujeres R apa Nui, sino también recordó a la conocida but also remembered the well known Chilean folclorista chilena Margot Loyola Palacios, quién fue folklorist, Margot Loyola-Palacios, who was the Ela primera persona en dar a conocer, tanto en Chile como en el Ofirst person to make known the valuable musical legacy of Rapa extranjero, el valioso legado musical de Rapa Nui. Gracias a ella Nui, both in Chile and overseas. Through her efforts, Chilean los escolares de norte a sur del país comenzaron a entonar el “Opa children from north to south sing “Opa Opa” and “Sau Sau” Opa” y el “Sau Sau” en el repertorio musical escolar. within their school curriculum. Photos by “Fondo Investigación y Documentación de la Música Tradicional Chilena Margot Loyola P. - Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso 1 Sus primeros contactos con la música isleña fueron Her first contact with music from the Margot en centro unas grabaciones recogidas por el arqueólogo Island was through some recordings made ceremonial Orongo Roberto Montandón en 1952. Al poco tiempo by the archaeologist Roberto Montandón at Orongo ceremonial conoció a Felipe Teao Riroroko de 40 años, in 1952. Shortly thereafter she met Felipe center quién viajó al continente por razones de salud.
    [Show full text]
  • The Becoming of Space: a Geography of Liminal Practices of the City of Antofagasta, Chile Alberto Corsin Jimenez St Antony's C
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Digital.CSIC The Becoming of Space: A Geography of Liminal Practices of the City of Antofagasta, Chile Alberto Corsin Jimenez St Antony’s College Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Anthropology and Geography in compliance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (D.Phil.) of the University of Oxford Hilary Term, 2001 1 The Becoming of Space: A Geography of Liminal Practices of the City of Antofagasta, Chile Alberto Corsín Jiménez St Antony´s College Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Anthropology and Geography in compliance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (D.Phil.) of the University of Oxford Hilary Term, 2001 ABSTRACT In this thesis I endorse and put forward the idea that space is a practical category; that is, not a place or setting where we stand and do things, not even - or not solely - somewhere that can be variously signified by our actions and therefore symbolically constructed or evoked, but an action itself. Space, I contend, is something that we do or that other people or even things do. The argument that I hold is that we create spaces as we cope with the world that we live in. Our act of ‘coping’ is a spatial act, a mode of comportment through which we lay out what we want or do not want to do with and in the world. Space is but another mode of expressing agency, another way to bestow, obtain or elicit meanings from the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Nations Broadcasting I
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 113760 , , CS 501 127 AUj?'HOP Pacific Nations Broadcasting I; Symposium Held at the Amnual Broadcast Industry Conference (22nd, San 'Francisco,' April 19-22, 1972).' INSTITUTION California State Univ., San Francisco. PUS DATE 72 ItOTE 132p. ?DRS PPICE . MF-$0!76 HC-$6.97Plus Postage . DESCRIPTORS *Broadcast Industry; Cable Television; *Communication (Thought Transfer); *Communications; Conterence ?Reports; Cultural Interrelationships; Foreign Relations; Higher Education; *Mass Media; Radio--; ) *Television *Brbadcast Industry Conference .BSTRACT This; document,contains,the papers presented at the Twenty-Second Annual Broadcast. Industry Conference held at California State University, San Francisco, in 14972. The aim of the conference was to develop a better means of communication among nations existing a, world that has grown smaller because of the development of the communications media. The papers presented include S.I. Hayakawa's "Some Psycholigic,a1 Implications.of Television," which examines the semantic* environment created by television and the effects of television on the values of young people; "The Role of the Media of , the Republic of China"; "Impact anal Meaning of Broadcasting in Japan"; "Prospects for'Cable Television," which examines the uses and the possibilities of the coaxial cable, in education, industry, and the home;. and "Guidelines for gross-Cuitural Communication." Additional papers explore the challenges of international broadcasting in terms of politickl, economic, social, and-educational effects; The twelve palA3rs represent am initial step im the exchange of ideas, teshniqies, and content in' the broadcast fields in the Pacific nations. A final section desCTibes the current broadcasting facilities of the Pacific nations.'' (RB)t., ********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC incluqe zany informal unpublished * * materials not available from other sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Second Quadrennial Periodic Report of the Chilean State to Unesco
    SECOND QUADRENNIAL PERIODIC REPORT OF THE CHILEAN STATE TO UNESCO: Measures for the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions 2016 1 INDEX I.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................. ……………………………………….3 II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION...................................................................................................................... 4 III. OVERVIEW OF CULTURAL POLICY CONTEXT ............................................................................................... 5 1. CULTURAL POLICIES AND MEASURES ........................................................................................................ 6 1.A TOWARDS NEW CULTURAL PUBLIC INSTITUTIONALITY. ......................................................................... 12 2. INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL COOPERATION .............................................................................................. 12 3. PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT .................................................................................................................. 15 4. CULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES ............................................................................... 15 4.A MEASURES AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL ................................................................................................. 16 4.B MEASURES AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL ........................................................................................ 18 5. AWARENESS – RAISING AND PARTICIPATION OF
    [Show full text]
  • Television in the Chilean Plebiscite of 1988
    TELEVISION IN THE CHILEAN PLEBISCITE OF 1988 PETER A. QUILTER With the recent departureof Paraguay'sGeneral Alfredo Stroessner, Chile's Augusto Pinochet is the only remainingpolitical strongman in South America. Even in Chile today, politicalforces are negotiatinga transitionto a more pluralist society. Perhaps the event most responsiblefor this movement is the Chileanplebiscite of October 1988. Peter Quilter takes us back to the month preceding the vote, andfocuses on the role of television in a curiously restrainedpolitical environment. The story of those twenty- eight days gives us much insight into the nature of Chilean society under military rule, and importantly, what awaits it in the future. This is the stoiy of the brief appearance of opposition advertisements on television, and the impact it had on the Chilean plebiscite. INTRODUCTION On October 5, 1988, the people of Chile voted to stand behind the uncertainty of a new beginning and rejected the candidacy of fifteen year strongman, Augusto Pinochet Ugarte. The logo of the victorious opposition, large black letters spelling "no" with a brightly colored rainbow in the background, embodied many of the paradoxes of the election. Though every- one realizes this is only the first small step in the long road back to Chile's democratic tradition, clearly the military regime of General Pinochet was handed its most significant defeat since coming to power in a violent coup in 1973. At stake was a step in the "protected democracy" track that Pinochet had laid out years before. Chileans were voting to ratify the military junta's choice of a transition candidate to preside over the very gradual demilitarization of the highest echelons of Chile's government.
    [Show full text]
  • Limits of Tolerance
    LIMITS OF TOLERANCE: Freedom of Expression and the Public Debate in Chile Human Rights Watch New York AAA Washington AAA London AAA Brussels Copyright 8 November 1998 by Human Rights Watch. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN: 1-56432-192-4 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 98-88733 Addresses for Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th Floor, New York, NY 10118-3299 Tel: (212) 290-4700, Fax: (212) 736-1300, E-mail: [email protected] 1522 K Street, N.W., #910, Washington, DC 20005-1202 Tel: (202) 371-6592, Fax: (202) 371-0124, E-mail: [email protected] 33 Islington High Street, N1 9LH London, UK Tel: (171) 713-1995, Fax: (171) 713-1800, E-mail: [email protected] 15 Rue Van Campenhout, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Tel: (2) 732-2009, Fax: (2) 732-0471, E-mail:[email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org Listserv address: To subscribe to the list, send an e-mail message to [email protected] with Asubscribe hrw-news@ in the body of the message (leave the subject line blank). Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world. We stand with victims and activists to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice. We investigate and expose human rights violations and hold abusers accountable. We challenge governments and those holding power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights law. We enlist the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalization and Environmental Discourse in the Araucania Region of Chile Niall Stephens University of Massachusetts Amherst, [email protected]
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Open Access Dissertations 2-2013 Remember Where We Came From: Globalization And Environmental Discourse In The Araucania Region Of Chile Niall Stephens University of Massachusetts Amherst, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Stephens, Niall, "Remember Where We Came From: Globalization And Environmental Discourse In The Araucania Region Of Chile" (2013). Open Access Dissertations. 709. https://doi.org/10.7275/dwfc-dr31 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/709 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REMEMBER WHERE WE CAME FROM: GLOBALIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISCOURSE IN THE ARAUCANIA REGION OF CHILE. A dissertation presented by NIALL STEPHENS Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY February 2013 Communication © by Niall Stephens 2013 All Rights Reserved REMEMBER WHERE WE CAME FROM: GLOBALIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISCOURSE IN THE ARAUCANIA REGION OF CHILE. A dissertation presented by NIALL STEPHENS Approved as to style and content by: ______________________________________________ Henry Geddes, Chair ______________________________________________ Emily West, Member ______________________________________________ Sonia Alvarez, Outside Member ______________________________________________ Lisa Henderson, Department Head Communication DEDICATION To my Mapuche friends and my Chilean friends. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to Henry Geddes, the chair of my dissertation committee, who was extremely generous with his time, and who always listened to my ideas patiently and took them seriously.
    [Show full text]
  • Chile: Promoting the Personal Connection—The Internet and Presidential Election Campaigns
    Chile: Promoting the Personal Connection—The Internet and Presidential Election Campaigns Taylor C. Boas Department of Political Science University of California, Berkeley [email protected] In Richard Davis, Diana Owen, David Taras, and Stephen Ward, eds., Making a Difference: The Internet and Elections in Comparative Perspective. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, forthcoming 2008. In a 2000 seminar presentation on political marketing in Chile, Genaro Arriagada, campaign manager for the center-left coalition in three of Chile’s last five presidential elections,1 suggested that the Internet would dominate the 2005 electoral campaign (Arriagada et al. 2000). While portraying the rise of online campaigning as part of the same process of evolution that gave rise to television-centric campaigns, Arriagada also suggested that use of this new medium would counteract some of the characteristics of mass-media campaigns that are often considered negative. In particular, he argued, the potential to present information online in greater quantity and depth might challenge the “soundbite culture” that has emerged with the rise of television, and the interactive nature of the Internet could strengthen the types of ties between candidates and grassroots supporters that have weakened with the decline of political parties, unions, and other traditional intermediary organizations. In this chapter, I argue that while the Internet certainly has not yet risen to the status of dominating electoral campaigns in Chile, it is becoming an increasingly important medium for the second of the two uses highlighted by Arriagada—establishing new forms of linkage between politicians and the public. Several of the candidates in the 2005 presidential elections established blogs to allow for interactive communication with visitors to their websites, and a third made extensive use of the Web and email to recruit, organize, and mobilize a network of campaign volunteers.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 29, #2 (2010)
    Centre for the Study of Communication and Culture Volume 29 (2010) No. 2 IN THIS ISSUE Communication in Latin American Contexts AQUARTERLY REVIEW OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH ISSN: 0144-4646 Table of Contents Editor’s Introduction . 3 Communication Research Trends Volume 29 (2010) Number 2 A Brief History of the Latin American http://cscc.scu.edu Academy of Communication . 4 Octavio Islas and Amaia Arribas Published four times a year by the Centre for the Study of 1. Background . 4 Communication and Culture (CSCC), sponsored by the 2. Formation of the Latin American California Province of the Society of Jesus. Community for communication study . 5 Copyright 2009. ISSN 0144-4646 3. Conclusion . .13 Editor: Emile McAnany Research on Colombian Cinema . .15 Editor emeritus: William E. Biernatzki, S.J. Jerónimo León Rivera Betancur Managing Editor: Paul A. Soukup, S.J. 1. A Look Back: A Brief Account of Audiovisual Production in Colombia . .15 Subscription: 2. The Study of Colombian Cinema . .16 Annual subscription (Vol. 29) US$50 3. Research Interests . .18 4. Academic Research . .20 Payment by check, MasterCard, Visa or US$ preferred. 5. Professional Associations of Researchers . .22 For payments by MasterCard or Visa, send full account 6. Conclusion . .22 number, expiration date, name on account, and signature. Regulatory Implications of the Adoption Checks and/or International Money Orders (drawn on of Digital Television in Chile . .25 USA banks; for non-USA banks, add $10 for handling) Sergio Godoy Etcheverry should be made payable to Communication Research 1. The Context . .25 Trends and sent to the managing editor A. The importance of television .
    [Show full text]