Spatial-Temporal Modeling of Linguistic Regions and Processes with Combined Indeterminate and Crisp Boundaries
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Bavarian for Beginners
acks RR ba R Simple greetings and courtesies towe You should definitely know the following Bavarian greetings and courtesies so you can appropriately respond to them and will not be regarded as an unfriendly “Saupreiss” (see Trink ma no a Mass (Let’s below). But beware: Native Bavarians often use rather rough ex- drink another pressions and many beginners mistake that for rudeness which mass of beer)! is not always the case. So just stay calm and you can’t go wrong. Bavarian must be studied. Bavarian German English Griaß di God Grüß Gott, guten Hello Tag Wiederschaun, Auf Wiedersehen, Goodbye Pfiat di God Tschüss Servus, Servas Hallo, Tschüss Hello / Goodbye Bavarian for Habedehr(e), gfraid Hat mich gefreut, My pleasure! me freut mich Beginners – Dangschee Danke schön, vielen Thank you Dank Learning Bavarian Wos mägst? Wie bitte? Würdest Excuse me? Would du das bitte wie- you please repeat derholen? that? made easy Host mi?! Hast du jetzt Did you endlich begriffen? understand? (rhetorische Frage mit Nachdruck) Every year anew, Bavarian fests are opened with a loud “O’zapft Hock di her da! Setz dich ruhig zu Sit down with us is!“ (“It has been tapped!“). And “Schleich di!“ is not a polite uns request to quietly leave but means to get going as fast as possi- ble. Following is a small but very useful Bavarian Translator that Do legst di nieda! Donnerwetter (Aus- Wow! For crying out might be of great help to you when you’re in Bavaria. druck des Erstau- loud! nens) Characteristics of the Bavarian language and phonetics An Guadn Guten Appetit Enjoy your meal There are many Bavarian dialects. -
GIVE As a PUT Verb in German – a Case of German-Czech Language Contact?
Journal of Linguistic Geography (2020), 8,67–81 doi:10.1017/jlg.2020.6 Article GIVE as a PUT verb in German – A case of German-Czech language contact? Alexandra N. Lenz1,2, Fabian Fleißner2, Agnes Kim3 and Stefan Michael Newerkla3 1Department of German Studies, University of Vienna, 2Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage (ACDH-CH), Austrian Academy of Sciences and 3Department of Slavonic Studies, University of Vienna Abstract This contribution focuses on the use of geben ‘give’ as a PUT verb in Upper German dialects in Austria from a historical and a recent per- spective. On the basis of comprehensive historical and contemporary data from German varieties and Slavic languages our analyses provide evidence for the central hypothesis that this phenomenon traces back to language contact with Czech as already suggested by various scholars in the 19th century. This assumption is also supported by the fact that Czech dát ‘give’ in PUT function has been accounted for since the Old Czech period as well as by its high frequency in both formal and informal Czech written texts. Moreover, our data analyses show that geben ‘give’ as a PUT verb has been and is still areally distributed along and spreading from the contact area of Czech and Upper German varieties. Keywords: caused motion construction; PUT verbs; German; Slavic languages; language contact; language variation (Received 23 April 2019; revised 18 February 2020; accepted 20 February 2020; First published online 22 January 2021) 1. Introduction area (cf. Ammon, Bickel & Lenz, 2016:265). This language area covers South East Germany (mainly the federal state of Bavaria), It is well known that basic GIVE1 verbs are a fruitful source for vari- ous grammaticalization and lexicalization pathways in the lan- large parts of Austria, and South Tyrol in Northern Italy (cf. -
Book Reviews
Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance Volume 8 Article 9 November 2011 Book Reviews Sonja Fielitz Philipps-Universität Marburg; Faculty of Foreign Languages, Department of English and American Studies, Marburg, Germany Ralf Hertel Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Aleksandra Budrewicz-Beratan Institute of Modern Languages at the Pedagogical University of Kraków, Poland Follow this and additional works at: https://digijournals.uni.lodz.pl/multishake Part of the Theatre and Performance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Fielitz, Sonja; Hertel, Ralf; and Budrewicz-Beratan, Aleksandra (2011) "Book Reviews," Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance: Vol. 8 , Article 9. DOI: 10.2478/v10224-011-0009-2 Available at: https://digijournals.uni.lodz.pl/multishake/vol8/iss23/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Humanities Journals at University of Lodz Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance by an authorized editor of University of Lodz Research Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance , vol. 8 (23), 2011 DOI: 10.2478/v10224-011-0009-2 Book Reviews Wolfgang Weiss, Shakespeare in Bayern und auf Bairisch (Shakespeare in Bavaria and in Bavarian Regional Dialects ), Passau: Verlag Karl Stutz, 2008, 1st ed. Pp. 201. ISBN: 978-3-88849-090-3. Reviewed by Sonja Fielitz a Among the many books on the reception of Shakespeare in Germany this monograph deserves particular attention because it is the first full-length study of translations and adaptations of Shakespeare's plays in an indigenous language with its various dialects in a cultural region. -
The Language Youth a Sociolinguistic and Ethnographic Study of Contemporary Norwegian Nynorsk Language Activism (2015-16, 2018)
The Language Youth A sociolinguistic and ethnographic study of contemporary Norwegian Nynorsk language activism (2015-16, 2018) A research dissertation submitteed in fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science by Research in Scandinavian Studies Track II 2018 James K. Puchowski, MA (Hons.) B0518842 Oilthigh Varsity o University of Dhùn Èideann Edinburgh Edinburgh Sgoil nan Schuil o School of Litreachasan, Leeteraturs, Literatures, Cànanan agus Leids an Languages and Culturan Culturs Cultures 1 This page intentionally left blank This page intentionally left blank 2 Declaration Declaration I confirm that this dissertation presented for the degree of Master of Science by Research in Scandinavian Studies (II) has been composed entirely by myself. Except where it is stated otherwise by reference or acknowledgement, it has been solely the result of my own fieldwork and research, and it has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. For the purposes of examination, the set word-limit for this dissertation is 30 000. I confirm that the content given in Chapters 1 to 7 does not exceed this restriction. Appendices – which remain outwith the word-limit – are provided alongside the bibliography. As this work is my own, I accept full responsibility for errors or factual inaccuracies. James Konrad Puchowski 3 Abstract Abstract Nynorsk is one of two codified orthographies of the Norwegian language (along with Bokmål) used by around 15% of the Norwegian population. Originating out of a linguistic project by Ivar Aasen following Norway’s separation from Denmark and ratification of a Norwegian Constitution in 1814, the history of Nynorsk in civil society has been marked by its association with "language activist" organisations which have to-date been examined from historiographical perspectives (Bucken-Knapp 2003, Puzey 2011). -
GEOLINGUISTICS AROUND the WORLD Chitsuko
Dialectologia 1 (2008), 135-156. A REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: GEOLINGUISTICS AROUND THE WORLD Chitsuko Fukushima & David Heap Niigata Women’s College (Japan) / University of Western Ontario (Canada) [email protected] / [email protected] The National Institute for Japanese Language held its 14th international conference, for the first time on dialects, on 22-23 August 2007 in Tokyo. The symposium was entitled “Geolinguistics around the World“ and focused on Current Trends in Geolinguistics around the World (Day 1) and Application Techniques of Linguistic Atlases (Day 2). The lecturers were Shinji Sanada (Osaka University, Japan), Hans Goebl (University of Salzburg, Austria), Takuichiro Onishi ( National Institute for Japanese Language, Japan), Lee Sang Gyu (National Institute of the Korean Language, Korea), Iwata Ray (Kanazawa University, Japan), Joachim Herrgen (University of Marburg, Germany), Heinrich Ramisch (University of Bamberg, Germany), and Maria-Pilar Perea (University of Barcelona, Spain). The commentators were Chitsuko Fukushima (Niigata Women’s College, Japan) and David Heap (University of Western Ontario, Canada). The National Institute of the Japanese Language (NIJL) must be warmly congratulated on the publication of the Grammar Atlas of Japanese Dialects (GAJ, 1991-2006): this is an important milestone not just in Japanese geolinguistics but also for the field of linguistic geography internationally. While the GAJ undoubtedly provides material for future linguistic studies for many decades to come, today it offers us the ideal occasion to reflect on common challenges and different approaches, both in the 135 Chitsuko Fukushima & David Heap techniques of linguistic cartography and in our theoretical reflections on the goals of geolinguistic research. -
Language Variation and (De-)Standardisation Processes in Germany
Language variation and (de-)standardisation processes in Germany Philipp Stoeckle and Christoph Hare Svenstrup University of Freiburg, Germany THE HISTORICAL STANDARDISATION PROCESS The German language area is characterised by a range of different dialects. The fundamental division into the Low, Middle, and Upper German area (see Figure 1) is based on a phono- logical process called the Second Consonant Shift (Grimm's Law) (Barbour and Stevenson 1998: 85ff.). This classification will also serve as the starting point for this chapter. For the development of a German standard language as a variety accepted nation-wide, two processes were particularly important, which, according to Mihm (2000), can be called processes of Überschichtung (superimposition of acrolectal strata) (Auer 2005: 28). The first process of Überschichtung falls into the period of Early New High German (approx. 1350–1650) with its new socio-cultural conditions (urban development, foundation of universities, reformation, etc.) – the period where a German written standard is considered to have been founded (Wolff 2004: 103ff.; Ernst 2005: 138ff.). Martin Luther's translation of the Bible into German (between 1522 and 1545) had a great influence on this process. Lu- ther's geographical and linguistic origin in the eastern middle German region close to the Low German area is generally regarded as a favourable condition (Besch 2000: 1717) for him to include both High and Low German features in the translation. Another important factor, both in the process of Überschichtung and for the distribution of Luther's translation, was Gutenberg's invention of the printing press. Between 1522 and 1546 one in five German households owned an edition of Luther's translation (Ernst 2005: 166). -
Vocalisations: Evidence from Germanic Gary Taylor-Raebel A
Vocalisations: Evidence from Germanic Gary Taylor-Raebel A thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy Department of Language and Linguistics University of Essex October 2016 Abstract A vocalisation may be described as a historical linguistic change where a sound which is formerly consonantal within a language becomes pronounced as a vowel. Although vocalisations have occurred sporadically in many languages they are particularly prevalent in the history of Germanic languages and have affected sounds from all places of articulation. This study will address two main questions. The first is why vocalisations happen so regularly in Germanic languages in comparison with other language families. The second is what exactly happens in the vocalisation process. For the first question there will be a discussion of the concept of ‘drift’ where related languages undergo similar changes independently and this will therefore describe the features of the earliest Germanic languages which have been the basis for later changes. The second question will include a comprehensive presentation of vocalisations which have occurred in Germanic languages with a description of underlying features in each of the sounds which have vocalised. When considering phonological changes a degree of phonetic information must necessarily be included which may be irrelevant synchronically, but forms the basis of the change diachronically. A phonological representation of vocalisations must therefore address how best to display the phonological information whilst allowing for the inclusion of relevant diachronic phonetic information. Vocalisations involve a small articulatory change, but using a model which describes vowels and consonants with separate terminology would conceal the subtleness of change in a vocalisation. -
The Example of the Linguistic Atlas of Scotland John Kirk, Christian Hessle
Digitising Collections of Historical Linguistic Data: The Example of The Linguistic Atlas of Scotland John Kirk, Christian Hessle To cite this version: John Kirk, Christian Hessle. Digitising Collections of Historical Linguistic Data: The Example of The Linguistic Atlas of Scotland. Journal of Data Mining and Digital Humanities, Episciences.org, In press. hal-02166186v1 HAL Id: hal-02166186 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02166186v1 Submitted on 26 Jun 2019 (v1), last revised 14 Dec 2020 (v2) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Digitising Collections of Historical Linguistic Data: The Example of The Linguistic Atlas of Scotland Christian Hessle & John Kirk University of Vienna Abstract The paper provides a preliminary exploration of the possibilities and prequisites for digitising the lexical material of the Linguistic Atlas of Scotland. The survey by written questionnaire on which the atlas is based and also the editing and cartography of the published maps are each introduced and critiqued. Three prototypical maps for the North mid-Scots dialect area are presented. Their lexical content is discussed, especially the issue of lexical categorisation and the representation of extra-linguistic information. -
Siben Komoine Im Land Chalchoufe Remmalju Kampel Pomatt Bersntol
VALLE DEI GRESSONEY ISSIME ALAGNA CARCOFORO RIMELLA CAMPELLO MONTI FORMAZZA MÒCHENI Greschoney Eischeme Im Land Chalchoufe Remmalju Kampel Pomatt Bersntol Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien !"!"###"!"! !"!"###"!"! !"!"###"!"! !"!"###"!"! !"!"###"!"! !"!"###"!"! !"!"###"!"! !"!"###"!"! Le isole linguistiche storiche germaniche aderenti al Comitato Unitario delle Isole Linguistiche Storiche Germaniche in Italia Die historischen deutschen Sprachinseln vertreten vom Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien The historic German language enclaves represented by the Unitary Committee of historic German language Enclaves in Italy VALCANALE AUSTRIA KANALTAL Pontebba/Pontafel SVIZZERA !!" Malborghetto-Valbruna ALTOALTO ADIGEADIGE TIMAU !!" Malborgeth-Wolfsbach SÜDTIROLSÜDTIROL TISCHLBONG Tarvisio/Tarvis !"!"!"###"!"!"! FORMAZZA 0 50 km 100 km POMATT Bolzano Comitato Unitario delle Isole Linguistiche Bozen Storiche Germaniche in Italia SAPPADA Il Comitato Unitario delle Isole Linguistiche RIMELLA PLODN Storiche Germaniche in Italia è formato dai rappresentanti delle comunità germaniche REMMALJU SAURIS insediate nell’arco alpino italiano, con lo scopo di promuoverne le lingue e le culture. È stato ZAHRE fondato nell’anno 2002, in seguito ad un paio CARCOFORO di incontri promossi a partire dal 2001, proclamato dall’Unione Europea e dal Consiglio CHALCHOUFE d’Europa ”Anno Europeo delle lingue”. Nel corso SLOVENIA degli anni -
Phonetics and Phonology in the German Language Area (P&P14)"
Proceedings of the Conference "Phonetics and Phonology in the German Language Area (P&P14)" Institut für Romanistik Akten der Konferenz "Phonetik und Phonologie im deutschsprachigen Raum (P&P14)" Proceedings of the Conference "Phonetics and Phonology in the German Language Area (P&P14)" aɪns ˈʃtʁɪtn zɪç ˈnɔʁtvɪnt ʊn ˈzɔnə, veʁ fən im ˈbaɪdn vol dəʁ ˈʃtɛʁkəʁə ˈveʁə, als aɪn ˈvandəʁəʁ, dɛʁ ɪn aɪn ˈvaʁm ˈmantl ɡəˌhʏlt vaʁ, dəs ˈveɡəs daˈheʁkaːm. zɪ ˈvʊʁdn ˈaɪnɪç, das ˈdeʁjenɪɡə fʏʁ dən ˈʃteʁkəʁən ˌɡɛltn zɔltə, dɛʁ dən ˈvandəʁəʁ ˈtsvɪŋŋ vʏʁdə, zaɪm ˈmantl ˈaptsʊˌnemm. dɛʁ ˈnɔʁtvɪm ˈblis mɪt ˈaləʁ ˈmaχt, abəʁ je ˈmeʁ ɛʁ ˈblis, dɛsto ˈfɛstəʁ ˈhʏltə zɪç dəʁ ˈvandəʁəʁ ɪn zaɪm ˈmantl aɪn. ˈɛntlɪç ɡaːp dəʁ ˈnɔʁtvɪn dəŋ ˈkampf ˈaʊf. nun ɛʁˈvɛʁmtə dɪ ˈzɔnə dɪ ˈlʊfp mɪt iʁn ˈfrɔɪntlɪçn ʃtʁaːln, ʊn ʃonaχ ˈvenɪɡŋ ˈaʊɡŋˌblɪkŋ tsok dəʁ ˈvandəʁəʁ zaɪm ˈmantl aʊs. da mʊstə dəʁ ˈnɔʁtvɪn ˈtsuɡebm, das dɪ ˈzɔnə fən im ˈbaɪdn dəʁ ˈʃtɛʁkərə vaʁ. ˈnɔɐ̯tvɪ̃nd̥ʊ̃nd̥ˈsɔnɛ æɛ̯nstʰ ˈʃd̥ʁɪd̥n̩ sɪç ˈnɔɑ̯tvɪ̃nd̥ʊ̃ntˈsɔnɛ | ʋeɐ̯fɔnˈiːnɛ̃m b̥æe̯dn̩ ʋoldɐ ˈʃd̥ɛɐ̯kɐʀɛ veɐ̯ʀɛ | ʔɑlsɛɱˈvɑndɐʁɐ | d̥ɛɪ̃n ænɛ̹̃ɱ ˈvɑːmɛ̃ˈmɑ̃ntl̩ ɡ̊e̹ˈhʏltʰ ʋɑː d̥ɛ̈s ˈveːɡɛs d̥ɑˈhɛɐ̯kʰɒ̤m̥ ‖ si̹ ʋʊɐ̯dn̩ ˈæɛ̯nikʰ | d̥ɐs ˈd̥eɐ̯jeːnɪɡɛ fʏɛ̈n ˈʃd̥ɛɐ̯ɡ̊ɐʁɛ̃ŋˈɡ̊ɛld̥n̩ ˈsɔltɛ | d̥ɛdeɱˈvɑndɐʁɐ ˈtsʋɪŋɛ̃ɱ ˈvʏɐ̯d̥ɛ | sænɛ̃ˈmɑ̃ntl̩ ˈɒɔ̯stsʊˌtsḭːn̰̩ ‖ d̥ɐ ˈnɔɑ̯tʰvɪntʰ b̥liːs mɪ̃t ˈʔɑlɑ ˈmɑːχtʰ | ɑßɛjeː ˈmeːɐ̯ ɛɐ̯ ˈb̥liːs | d̥ɛsd̥o ˈfɛsd̥ɐ ˈhyltʰɛ̈ sɪɕd̥ɐ ˈvɑ̰ndʁɐ ɪ̃nsænɛ̃ ˈmɑntl̩ æɛ̯n ‖ d̥ɑ̰ ɛɐ̯ˈvɛɐ̯ʶmd̥ɛdi ˈsɔnɛ d̥ɪ ˈluftʰ mid̥ɛɐ̯n̩ ˈfʀɔ̰ɛ̯nd̥lɪʝŋ̩ ˈʃd̥ʀɑːln̩ | n̩ʃɐnɑxˈveːniɡŋ̩ ˈɒ̰o̯ɡŋ̩ˌb̥liɡ̊ŋ̩ ˈtsɔo̯ɡ̊ d̥ɑ -
Designs on Signs: Myth and Meaning in Maps
DESIGNS ON SIGNS / MYTH AND MEANING IN MAPS DENIS WOOD AND JOHN FELS School of Design / North Carolina State University / United States and School of Natural Resources / Sir Sandford Fleming College / Canada ABSTRACT Every map is at once a synthesis of signs and a sign in itself: an instrument of depiction - of objects, events, places - and an instrument of persuasion — about these, its makers and itself. Like any other sign, it is the product of codes: conventions that prescribe relations of content and expression in a given semiotic circumstance. The codes that underwrite the map are as numerous as its motives, and as thoroughly naturalized within the culture that generates and exploits them. Intrasignificant codes govern the formation of the cartographic icon, the deployment of visible lan• guage, and the scheme of their joint presentation. These operate across several levels of integration, activating a repertoire of representational conventions and syntactical procedures extending from the symbolic principles of individual marks to elaborate frameworks of cartographic discourse. Extrasignificant codes govern the appropriation of entire maps as sign vehicles for social and political expression — of values, goals, aesthetics and status - as the means of modern myth. Map signs, and maps as signs, depend fundamentally on conventions, signify only in relation to other signs, and are never free of their cultural context or the motives of their makers. Spread out on the table before us is the Official State Highway Map of North Carolina. It happens to be the 1978—79 edition. Not for any special reason: it just came to hand when we were casting about for an example. -
The History of Cartography, Volume 6: Cartography in the Twentieth Century
Entries Listed by Conceptual Cluster *Indicates a composite entry with subentries belonging Topographical Surveying (1.1.3) to more than one cluster. Atlas* Subscription Atlas Historiographic Context (0) Facilities Map Himalaya, Cartography of the Cartobibliography Landscape Architecture and Cartography Dictionary, Cartographic Orienteering Map Histories of Cartography Physiographic Diagram History of Cartography Project Plane Table Modes of Cartographic Practice Projections* Projections Used for Topographic Maps Surveying and Observation (1.1) Relief Depiction Relief Map Property Mapping (1.1.1) Relief Model Cadastral Map Relief Shading Cadastral Surveying Remote Sensing* Electromagnetic Distance Measurement Satellite Imagery and Map Revision Property Mapping Route Map Canada and the United States Terrain Analysis and Cartography Latin America Topographic Map Africa Topographic Mapping Europe Overview Russia and the Soviet Union Canada Australia and New Zealand United States Property Mapping Practices Latin America Professional Practice in Land Surveying Africa by the British Triangulation, Trilateration, and Traverse Africa by the French Monumentation and Recovery Africa by the Germans Global Positioning System and Property Surveying South Africa Western Europe Eastern Europe Boundary Surveying (1.1.2) Russia and the Soviet Union Boundary Disputes Middle East Boundary Surveying China Canada and the United States Japan Latin America Indonesia Africa Australia Europe Wayfi nding and Travel Maps* Middle East Campus Map East and Southeast