PROCEEDINGS of the SYLFF ADMINISTRATORS MEETING

November 2–5, 2010 Beppu, Japan

The Tokyo Foundation Published by the Tokyo Foundation

The Nippon Foundation Bldg., 3rd Floor 1-2-2 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052 Japan Tel. +81-3-6229-5503 Fax +81-3-6229-5507 [email protected] www.tokyofoundation.org/en/ www.sylff.org/

The information contained herein is current as of November 2010 Printed with eco-friendly vegetable oil ink CONTENTS

Foreword 5 Opening Session 7 Welcome speech by Yohei Sasakawa; opening remarks by Hideki Kato Session 1 11 Welcome by Shun Korenaga; presentations by APU students and faculty member Session 2 15 Introduction to the Tokyo Foundation and overview of the Sylff program Session 3 18 Additional activities supported by Sylff; presentations by fellows Special Lecture 23 “Sound, Science, New Technology, and Emerging Nations” by Monte Cassim, Vice Chancellor, Ritsumeikan Trust Welcome Reception 28 Entertainment by APU students Session 4: Identifying and Nurturing Outstanding Future Leaders 30 Presentation by the Tokyo Foundation; presentations by five Sylff institutions; presentations by each group; plenary discussion and wrap-up Session 5: Presentations of Fellows’ Research and Activities 42 Ethar el-Katatney, “Information Overload and Ignorance in the Digital Age”; Ichiro Sugimoto, “Beyond the Divide: Humanitarian Competition”; Heather Montgomery, “Globalization: Good or Bad?” Joint Concert 46 Toshie Suzuki and Juilliard fellows Grand Finale 48 Presentations by 13 Sylff administrators; special presentations by Mariko Hasegawa and Yoshikazu Takaya Beppu Field Trip 56 Tokyo Field Trip 58

Appendix 64 Meeting schedule; list of participants, list of Sylff institutions

FOREWORD

his document has been prepared by the the overall improvement of the Sylff program. TTokyo Foundation based on the texts The Tokyo Foundation expresses its deepest and slides prepared by presenters as well as appreciation to all representatives from Sylff tape transcriptions of and notes taken during institutions and Sylff fellows who took the the Sylff Administrators Meeting, which took time to attend the meeting and for their place in November 2010 at Ritsumeikan Asia contributions and camaraderie at APU. Pacific University (APU)—the newest member Last but not least, we join in a standing of the Sylff community—in Beppu, Japan, for ovation for APU for doing a wonderful job distribution to all meeting participants and in hosting the meeting. In particular, special Sylff Steering Committees at the 69 universities thanks are extended to President Shun Kore- and consortia in the Sylff network. naga, Vice-President Masao Honma, Professor This report is intended to help promote Edgar Porter, Mr. Yuji Shinozaki, and Ms. a better understanding of the basics of the Satoko Kawashima. We are truly grateful for Sylff program, including its mission, fund their thoughtfulness, invaluable assistance, and management, and scholarship/fellowship pro- warm hospitality throughout the planning, gram operations and to facilitate intrauniversity implementation, and follow-up phases. discussion and interuniversity exchange and collaboration, as well as communication with Leadership Development the Tokyo Foundation, thereby contributing to The Tokyo Foundation Tuesday NOVEMBER 2

• Opening Session

Session 1

Session 2

Session 3

Special Lecture •

 OPENING SESSION Welcome Speech

Yohei Sasakawa Chairman, The Nippon Foundation

rofessor Toyoomi Nagata, Chairman of First, they must respect the voices of the Pthe Ritsumeikan Trust, Asia Pacific Uni- people on the ground. With any social prob- versity President Dr. Shun Korenaga, Sylff lem, there are primary stakeholders who are school administrators, professors of APU, suffering, whose basic human rights are de- ladies and gentlemen. It gives me great plea- graded by disability or disease, who struggle sure to have the opportunity to speak here with poverty, and whose livelihood is threat- today. As you know, Sylff is a collaboration ened by environmental destruction. Even the between three parties. There is The Nippon most talented leaders cannot comprehend Foundation, which provides the original all aspects of an issue as well as the primary funds. The Tokyo Foundation, which admin- stakeholders can. Leaders who do not listen istrates the program. And the recipient uni- to these people can miss their target when versities, which operate the program. I would seeking a solution. Therefore, to carry a proj- like to take this opportunity to express my ect to a successful conclusion, a leader must deepest respect for the outstanding efforts of work with those who are actually suffering. the Tokyo Foundation, of the participating No one wants a fundamental, sustainable so- universities, and of the APU staff, who have lution more than they do. kindly provided us with this wonderful venue. Second, leaders need a framework for the Sylff’s aim is clear. We must nurture lead- exercise of collective power. It is difficult for ers who can contribute to finding solutions a single individual or entity to create a better to society’s problems. As part of this effort, society. Leaders and their partners need ac- we provide future leaders with the opportu- cess to a framework through which they can nity to develop their expertise at institutions join forces. This framework could be a gov- of higher education. Our leaders, if they are ernment. It could be a local NGO. It could to address society’s problems, must possess be the media. Or, it could be the Sylff alum- three important qualities in addition to the ni network. To be successful, leaders must desire to work for the good of society. bring together many partners who sympa-

 thize with their activities and cooperate with these programs are present here today and them in overcoming society’s problems. will take part in the following sessions. I Third, no matter how difficult a problem trust that they will share their many experi- is, a leader must be committed for the long- ences and insights. term. People often criticize projects that seem Over 13,000 Sylff fellows have now grad- fruitless or that meet with disappointment. uated from leading institutions around the With no end in sight, it can be very tempt- world. Today, they are working on the front ing to abandon a project as a lost cause. Yet lines of such issues as poverty reduction and it is the quiet, sustained efforts that create environmental protection. We owe the suc- real change in society. In other words, leaders cess of the Sylff program to every one of you must have faith, patience, and the determina- who have gathered here today. I hope very tion to persist with a project until they achieve much that the representatives of educational results. Even if this means trying different institutions here today will continue to use methods and approaches along the way. their experience and knowledge to discover If leaders are to bring about a better so- and develop more such individuals. ciety, they need these three qualities. They In closing, I would like to say thank you must listen to the people on the ground. once again to our kind host, President Shun They must harness the collective power of Korenaga, and offer my best wishes for the secondary stakeholders. And they must pos- success of this meeting. I hope that you will sess the strength and patience to see a project make the very most of this unique opportu- to its conclusion. To nurture these qualities nity to deepen your friendships, share valu- in potential leaders, Sylff provides many able information, and strengthen the bonds practical programs, beyond the fellowship between your schools. itself. Many fellows who have taken part in Thank you very much.

 Opening Remarks

Hideki Kato President, Tokyo Foundation

t’s my great pleasure to welcome you all to We have set aside a special session on Wednes- Ithe Sylff Administrators Meeting here in day and individual meetings on Thursday to Beppu, Oita. address this topic in depth, and I hope that I should like to extend my heartiest wel- it will generate many new ideas for improve- come to Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, ments in this area. which became the sixty-ninth member of the Another special feature this year is a ses- Sylff community last year. sion devoted to stimulating intellectual dia- At the same time, I should also like to ex- logue among participants from more than press my deep gratitude to APU for hosting 60 Sylff institutions with a broad range of the Sylff Administrators Meeting this year and national and professional backgrounds. This working closely with the Tokyo Foundation to session, which will round out our meeting prepare for this meeting. in Beppu, is aimed at providing participants’ Since its establishment more than two fresh insights into how the many problems decades ago, the Sylff program has spawned confronting modern society can be addressed an extensive and distinguished community of and turning such insights into effective action. around 13,000 current and graduated fellows We have invited two outstanding Japanese who are capable of formulating effective ap- academics to join this session. proaches in addressing key global issues. Since The topic we have selected for discussion we last met in Copenhagen three years ago, is globalization, which has greatly benefited the world economic situation has undergone many people around the world but at the great changes, and some member institutions same time has also widened the gap with those have been facing difficulties in the manage- who have been unable to receive its benefits. ment of the fund. Globalization has also increased the tension One point that I would like to emphasize between the forces seeking greater uniformity at this meeting is the need for more effective and those insisting on preserving their distinc- program administration in identifying and tive culture, language, and values. By shedding nurturing outstanding future leaders. This re- light on these concerns from many different quires a more prudent management of funds. angles, we hope to identify approaches that

 will help promote mutual understanding and make an even more meaningful contribution create a better world for all. This is an issue to the international community. that we need to explore in greater depth be- Finally, Beppu is one of the most famous cause it is intimately linked to basic questions hot spring resorts in Japan and is surrounded about our personal identity. by beautiful seas and mountains. I hope that It is the hope of the Tokyo Foundation, as you’ll get a chance to visit some of the won- the administrator of this program, to achieve derful sites in and around this city. I also hope greater synergy between Sylff’s large global that discussions over the next four days will network of academic and other leaders and be as lively and full of energy as the fumes and the Foundation’s own team of policy experts steam rising from the hot springs in the area. I who, utilizing their extensive academic net- look forward to hearing your presentations. works in Japan, are very active in making Thank you very much. innovative proposals so that the country can

10 SESSION 1 Welcome Message

Shun Korenaga President, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University (APU)

ood morning, and welcome to Ritsumei- in Beppu, which is well known for its hot Gkan Asia Pacific University, a genuine springs and is regarded as a resort city. I have international university in Japan. It’s my plea- heard that the volume of hot mineral water sure to express my heartfelt welcome to all the delivered from more than 2,600 natural hot participants in this forum. springs in and around this city is second only Firstly, I would like to express my pro- to Yellowstone National Park in the United found gratitude to Mr. Yohei Sasakawa, chair- States. So, number one is Yellowstone, and man of The Nippon Foundation, and Mr. number two is Beppu. Hideki Kato, president of the Tokyo Founda- Next to Beppu is the city of Oita, which is tion, for appointing APU as the third member the seat of the prefectural government. Oita is of the Sylff community in Japan following where Western medicine and music were first Waseda University and Keio University. We introduced to Japan in the sixteenth century, are quite proud of this appointment because when the famous Christian daimyo, which Sylff has a very effective international network means governor, dominated. APU is located among universities around the world and has in the southern part of Japan, not in the cen- endeavored to enhance global perspectives ter. But, looking from another angle, our loca- and diversified approaches, foreseeing a deeper tion is much closer to China and the Korean globalization on the platform of worldwide Peninsula than to Tokyo. higher education in future. Ten years ago in 2000, APU was estab- APU is located on a hill, and students lished with the cooperation of Oita Prefecture describe this university as a “castle in the sky” and Beppu City as the centerpiece of Ritsu-

11 meikan’s internationalization in commemora- of our faculty members also have international tion of the 100th anniversary of Ritsumeikan backgrounds, coming from 26 countries. We University, and now it could be said that APU have two colleges consisting of about 180 fac- has already cemented its unique position ulty members, with around 70 percent holding within Japan. There is no other university in doctoral degrees. This extremely dynamic and Japan that can offer such a broad cross-cultur- diverse multicultural campus provides tremen- al experience on campus every day. dous cultural exchange opportunities for stu- APU has some significant features as a tru- dents everywhere on campus—in their classes, ly international university in Japan. I would clubs, school cafeteria, and dormitories. like to explain those features from several as- One day in May this year, I was inter- pects: its mission, multicultural diversity, and viewed by a journalist from the Chronicle of a large intake of foreign students. High Education in Washington, which I men- Our mission is integrated and sacred. It tioned earlier. He described APU in his article consists of three pillars: to pursue freedom, in this way: “The remote Ritsumeikan Asia peace, and humanity; to improve interna- Pacific University has developed what many tional mutual understanding; and to shape of its rivals do not have in Japan: a genuine the Asia-Pacific region of tomorrow. As we international campus.” are facing many conflicts in this region, we The unique features of our educational should promote the settlement of disputes system include a biannual admission system by peaceful means. Nothing comes out of and bilingual education. By accepting students violence. Disagreement should be resolved by in both English and Japanese, we remove the mutual concession and persistent negotiation. language barrier for international students. In Currently we have approximately 2,900 class, we pursue directed studies, student-active international students from 87 countries and participation, pedagogical innovation, and qual- regions throughout the world, and they learn ity assurance. We also established an extensive and live together with around 3,000 Japanese scholarship system to reduce the economic students on this campus. The ratio of inter- burden of studying in Japan. Regarding career national to domestic students is around fifty- support, we have adopted a system called “On- fifty. This means that the very essence of our Campus Recruiting,” as described in the DVD, campus is multicultural. In Japan today, there in which a great number of companies engage are 780 universities in total, and we have ap- our students on campus every year. For instance, proximately 130,000 international students last year, approximately 350 companies visited all over Japan, 15,000 of them being in the our campus to look for the best and brightest Kyushu area. The number of international students to recruit into their workforce. students in APU accounts for 2.3 percent As described earlier, APU has two col- of the country’s total and 20 percent of the leges: APM, which used to be Asia Pacific Kyushu area. The students gather here from Management and has now been renamed all over the world, thus realizing “a genuine International Management, and APS, or Asia international campus,” as described by the Pacific Studies. In APM, we are promoting Chronicle of Higher Education in Washing- integrated academic reforms by linking the ton. I think this diversity is a key factor in Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of promoting equality and mutual respect, and I Business (AACSB) accreditation process. APS, also think that diversity is a true reflection of meanwhile, is being reformed into four new our existence. clusters: International Relations and Peace International students represent 47 percent Studies, Hospitality and Tourism, Environ- of the student body; they come from 87 dif- ment and Development, and Culture, Society, ferent countries and regions, and 44 percent and the Media. Taking up the example of

12 tourism, it covers a broad range of areas, such researchers from around Japan and the world. as human intention, actual behavior, destina- We have entered an age of progressive univer- tion image, destination branding identity, sity exchange, as seen with the initiatives of gender difference, Asian paradigm, and threat the Asian Erasmus Plan and the Japan-China- of terrorism. Korea Project to Develop Advanced Human We believe that in the near future APU Resources via University Exchange. I hope will become a leading university to pursue that APU shall take a significant role in the the standard for international education and movement of university exchange through the research in the Asia-Pacific era. This is our top Sylff program. priority. This year, we have launched IAAPS, Let’s go beyond conflict and move to- the International Association for Asia-Pacific ward mutual understanding. Let’s go beyond Studies, which will pursue a new interdisci- prejudice and move toward mutual respect. plinary field called Asia-Pacific studies, focus- And let’s go beyond supremacy and move ing on the research toward a “new sense of toward equality. global and regional community.” We are cre- I thank all of you here for your partici- ating a hub to accumulate and communicate pation and wish you great success with this the fruits of Asia-Pacific studies and will de- event. Please enjoy your stay in Japan. velop the system to promote exchanges with

13 Presentations by APU Students and Faculty Member

APU students Sayaka Naganuma, Mami Mizutani, Keiko Sonoda, and Yuka Sameshima present their findings of a group analysis on the conflict in Sudan.

Peter Mantello, professor of new media in the Faculty of Asia Pacific Studies, discusses the plight of child soldiers, who are “forced to be cruel.”

14 SESSION 2 Introduction to the Tokyo Foundation and Overview of the Sylff Program

Akiko Imai, Director, Public Relations, Tokyo Foundation

ome of you may not be very familiar with Themes concerning the political decision- Swhat we do at the Tokyo Foundation, so I’d making process in Japan, national security, like to give you an overview of our activities in and foreign policy are also explored. We addition to administering the Sylff program. adopt an interdisciplinary approach to ad- The Tokyo Foundation undertakes policy dress topics relating to the very foundations research and leadership development to ad- of human culture and civilization. dress many difficult challenges facing hu- We also conduct programs in Japan mankind, such as environmental problems, aimed at raising awareness of the need to military conflicts and arms buildup, poverty preserve the rich and beautiful aspects of our and income gaps, and the disappearance of own traditional culture that are now in dan- cultural diversity under the slogan of “De- ger of disappearing. Topics range from food veloping Policy,” “Investing in People,” and and forestry to traditional crafts and commu- thereby “Transforming Society.” nity values in the era of global competition. These activities are being augmented with Policy Research the help of a broad global network built by Policy research at the Tokyo Foundation the Foundation over the years. covers many different fields. They range Many leading organizations around the from those relating to basic functions of the world have chosen to partner with the Tokyo state—such as public finances, the tax sys- Foundation because of our extensive per- tem, and social security—to those that have sonal and institutional networks in Japan. The a direct bearing on the life of the nation, like president of our Foundation, Hideki Kato, healthcare and agriculture. currently serves as the secretary general of the

15 Government Revitalization Unit in the Cabinet further your research and professional careers. Office that is responsible for reviewing national Sylff fellows have specialized in a broad government programs to eliminate wasteful range of disciplines in the social sciences and spending. The Foundation also has close links the humanities. The top three areas of study are with local governments, universities, and civil economics, law, and business management. society, as well as with Japanese and foreign Following graduation, Sylff fellows have cabinet ministers and legislators, scholars and gone on to contribute to society as outstand- other experts, and leading journalists. ing leaders in their respective communities We conducted joint research with the Cen- with a deep appreciation and respect for val- ter for a New American Security, a Washing- ues different from their own. ton D.C.−based, nonpartisan think tank. We We hope that many new leaders will emerge have just produced a joint statement on the through the Sylff program in the future. Japan-US alliance and the ways to maintain a The Tokyo Foundation offers additional secure world and ensure that global commons programs to support the efforts of Sylff fel- like the sea, air, outer space, and cyberspace lows to play a leadership role in society. There are open and accessible to all. are three such programs, which are collectively known as Sylff Plus, which will be described Sylff and NF-JLEP in detail in the next session. The Sylff program, meanwhile, is administered Through Sylff’s global network, Sylff Plus by the Tokyo Foundation with the help of The has produced many concrete achievements. Nippon Foundation and all of you attend- Another example of our activities is the ing this meeting this afternoon. The number Nippon Foundation Fund for Japanese Lan- of current and graduated fellows around the guage Education Program. We are engaged in world since the Sylff program was established promoting understanding of the Japanese lan- in 1987 has been rising steadily. In October guage and culture around the world through 2010, there were about 13,000 fellows. This is NF-JLEP, which we administer jointly with a very extensive community that you can tap to The Nippon Foundation.

16 Future Collaboration Foundation and Sylff institutions. Our hope is to more closely connect the To- And joint research could be conducted be- kyo Foundation’s own network of researchers tween the Tokyo Foundation and Sylff institu- with Sylff fellows and institutions around the tions on bilateral or multilateral policy issues. world. We think that by achieving greater Of course, adequate human and financial re- synergy between the two networks, the Tokyo sources will need to be secured before such a Foundation and Sylff can work closer together convergence of networks can be realized. But I to address major global challenges. hope that new ideas will emerge from this Ad- To begin, study findings can be more ac- ministrators Meeting that will bring us closer tively shared among researchers at the Tokyo to this goal.

17 SESSION 3 Additional Activities Supported by Sylff

Isamu Maruyama, Program Officer, Tokyo Foundation

would like to briefly introduce you to Sylff and proposed research activities should be IPlus, as there are some Sylff colleagues here directly related to the fellow’s dissertation, who are first-timers to the Administrators the host institutions be carefully selected, and Meeting and those who are relatively new to their activities at the host institutions be well the Sylff program itself. I also thought that my focused. An academic supervisor at the host brief introduction would give you some con- institution is required. text for the fellows’ presentations to follow. Primary objectives include data and re- In addition to the Sylff fellowships that source collection, fieldwork, and discussion are offered by the Sylff institutions, the Tokyo with faculty members of the host institution Foundation provides a set of programs for fel- who are experts in the fellow’s research field. lows and other members of the Sylff communi- Other activities can be incorporated, such ty called Sylff Plus. It aims to offer opportuni- as auditing courses and seminars and making ties for academic advancement and leadership a presentation in an academic conference at development, as well as for networking among the host institution, only if the primary objec- the fellows. tives are met. Our basic stance is that we value and en- This also gives them an opportunity to courage initiatives and leadership taken by the form networks by meeting with the Sylff Sylff fellows themselves, rather than having administrators and Sylff fellows at the host the Tokyo Foundation arrange everything for institutions. Today, Sreerupa Sengupta and them. We are open to proposals and strongly Cannon Awuor Ponge will talk about their encourage Sylff fellows and Sylff administrators SRA experiences and accomplishments. to take the initiative. The Sylff Leadership Initiative (SLI), Sylff Research Abroad (SRA) offers oppor- meanwhile, is open to any member of the Sylff tunities for currently enrolled Sylff fellows to community—that is, not only current and elaborate and enhance the quality of their dis- graduated Sylff fellows but also Sylff steering sertation and research studies at a Sylff institu- committee members and Sylff administrators. tion abroad for up to three months. It supports Sylff members with ideas and The Sylff fellows should be the ones taking visions in undertaking joint initiatives and in the initiative in the application process, such as planning and implementing projects that will consulting the Sylff administrator at their home contribute to society. institution and finding an academic supervisor Examples include social action projects that at the host institution. have a great impact on the local and global For SRA, the application should come from community, as well as forums, seminars, and the Sylff steering committee of the sending workshops that address contemporary issues institution, because SRA supports up to two of social relevance. We believe organizing and fellows per institution per year, and so the Sylff implementing these projects help develop lead- steering committee needs to do some planning ership. Projects involving Sylff members from and coordination. multiple institutions and from multiple coun- Let me stress that the primary objectives tries are also possible and encouraged.

18 Today, Pirjo Kristiina Virtanen will present The fourth component of Sylff Plus is the her SLI project in the Amazon region. Citra Sylff Website and Sylff Connect. The Sylff Wardhani and her team was an award recipient Website (www.sylff.org) is a communication in the Joint Initiatives Program, which was the tool to bring the Sylff community together and predecessor of SLI; they implemented a waste showcase fellows’ outputs. Sylff Connect is a so- management project in the Jakarta area. cial networking service exclusive to Sylff fellows. The Sylff Prize is designed to recognize The fellows can use Sylff Connect for com- Sylff fellows who have demonstrated out- munication with fellows from different Sylff standing leadership and have brought posi- institutions, putting up announcements, ex- tive changes to the local, national, or inter- changing academic information and insights, national community. sharing their experience with visual images, and No one was selected for the third prize this casually meeting with new Sylff fellows. year, unfortunately, but we would like to con- I hope these will help empower Sylff fellows tinue to look for exceptional Sylff fellows, and in their academic and professional activities we ask for your cooperation in this endeavor. and help them to connect and collaborate in We are delighted to have some promising fel- the global network. lows with us this time.

PRESENTATIONS BY SYLFF FELLOWS

Gender and Human Rights in SRA gave me the opportunity to make HIV and AIDS Communication first-hand studies of cross-cultural realities and to develop better global understanding. Sreerupa Sengupta, Jadavpur University (SRA) At both universities, I conducted field work, gathering information and interacting with utilized the Sylff Research Abroad pro- global experts. This was a good academic I gram to conduct research for my PhD exercise but also a tremendous cultural ex- dissertation, studying at Howard University perience, being exposed to the international in Washington, DC, for two months and at student community who were also involved in American University in Cairo for one month. similar research. Gender and human rights are concepts I studied the politics of intervention and that have a very critical role in HIV discourse. explored the ways in which religious leaders A Declaration of Commitment on HIV/ are engaging in HIV discourse, since religion AIDS was issued at the 2001 United Nations significantly shapes gender roles and sexuality. General Assembly Special Session on HIV/ While I was in Washington, the Obama AIDS, outlining the importance of the full administration was formulating its national realization of gender and human rights. HIV strategy, and I had a chance to speak The 2008 Report on the Global AIDS with many members of this team. Epidemic published by UNAIDS addresses These experiences will help me to propose long-term responses and cites ongoing human an interfaith framework of action for HIV rights abuses. In this context, I chose to and AIDS communication in my dissertation, investigate HIV prevention activities with a especially with regard to human rights and the focus on AIDS communication. role of the religious community.

19 Research Abroad for Academic Excellence: in front of IDS and the Science and Technology My Experience at the Institute of Development Policy Research Unit (SPRU) faculty. Studies, University of Sussex I also attended an international seminar on sustainable development, where I met Cannon Awuor Ponge, University of Nairobi many internationally renowned development (SRA) professionals. I also tried to interview farmers in Britain to ascertain indigenous knowledge, his research was undertaken as part of my but I was rather surprised to be told that Tmaster’s degree dissertation on indigenous the only “indigenous” aspects of farming in knowledge and sustainable crop production. I Britain were the sheep. undertook a study of the model Millennium My experience at Sussex allowed me to ad- Village Project at Bar-Sauri village of Nyanza just my analytical framework and improve my Province in Kenya, initiated by the United research methodology and literature review Nations in 2004. sections, which contributed to the success of In Sauri, agriculture was identified as my final dissertation. holding the key to eradicating poverty and One of my main findings was that achieving the Millennium Development there was extensive level of integration of Goals. My hope was to identify indigenous indigenous and modern farming techniques knowledge of crop production that could even for farmers in the Millennium Village contribute to sustainable development and project who were farming not just for sub- integrate them into current farming methods. sistence but also for cash. It is therefore impor- I hoped to show that the implementation tant that indigenous knowledge be given due of development projects must take due recognition when initiating international regard of indigenous knowledge of the local development interventions. community in order for it to be sustainable. To conduct this research, I used the Sylff Research Abroad program, studying as a nondegree student for several months at the It Takes a Step Forward: Institute of Development Studies, University Waste Management Education and Capacity of Sussex, which is one of the world’s leading Building Program for Action Implementation institutes for development studies with an in Waste Management in Indonesia outstanding faculty and library. With the help of faculty advisers I was able to make a presentation Citra Wardhani, University of Indonesia (JIP)

y project was undertaken as part of the MJoint Initiatives Program and covered two terms, 2006 and 2007. I worked as part of a seven-member team. During the first term, we focused on Jakarta by adapting best practices in Central and East Java, and in the second term, we extended the program to West Java. We initially planned to work with fel- lows from the Philippines, but because this required the allocation of funds for transportation, we decided to devote our Cannon Awuor Ponge, left, and Sreerupa Sengupta funds entirely to the project.

20 community gardens, which was not part of our project but something that the residents initiated on their own. In our second year, we invited people from other countries in an attempt to raise this is- sue to a higher level followed by national and regional level workshops. We produced how-to posters and brochures along with two booklets and composters to help people launch similar Pirjo Kristiina Virtanen, left, and Citra Wardhani projects in other communities. We provided training for six communities in West Java to help We decided to address the issue of waste them initiate similar projects. because this suffered from a case of “out of Our activities were introduced in national sight, out of mind.” We chose a site with waste- and regional newspapers, and it also led, in- management problems, high social tension, directly to the enactment of a national waste high unemployment, and lack of final management act that had been pending for disposal sites. so long. A big problem in Indonesia is that the local government doesn’t provide sufficient sanitation services, so some people simply throw their waste into the river or vacant Tradition in the Present: Amazonian Oral lots. We studied earlier attempts to address History at Schools this issue and decided to create educational materials that can be understood by everyone Pirjo Kristiina Virtanen, University of in the community. We conducted community Helsinki (SLI) meetings, which were attended by members of the local government, to decide what actions to y project, which was carried out last take, followed by a number of workshops and Myear, involves indigenous education training sessions for the community. and cultural diversity in the Amazon Basin, In addition to waste management, where there are around 300 indigenous ideas were suggested for the greening of the languages. Many Amazonian Indians dream environment, and this led to a launch of a about better possibilities for participating in composting program. These meetings were school education. They want to fortify their well attended, which was very important own languages and traditions at school but because this in itself can help lower social also wish to learn new skills and knowledge tension and heighten awareness of the from the dominant society, to which access is problem. Members of the community still limited. produced biofertilizer and other products for This social action project had the aim of sale from recovered materials. giving new tools to a Brazilian Amazonian We received comments from river sca- indigenous people, the Manchineri, by creat- vengers—who didn’t know that we were the ing a publication in their own language and leaders of this project—complaining about in Portuguese about the history and myths of the drop in retrievable waste from an average the Manchineri people. The Sylff Leadership of four bags to just one bag. This shows how Initiative assisted in the preparation of this effective the program was! publication by providing participants with There was also considerable greening of boarding, transportation, and recording the environment in the form of home and equipment and also covered the publication

21 costs of the edited material. produced is Tsrunni Manxinerune hinkakle The Manchineri live in Brazilian Amazonia, pirana (Stories of Manchineri Elders), pub- in the state of Acre and number some 900 lished by the Tokyo Foundation. The photo- people. Community members had expressed graphs from different archives and the Man- their desire to register their history as chineri teachers’ drawings comprise the visual educational materials for their schools: some content of the book. In each oral history, the elders remember well the mythic narratives authors mention the person from whom they and the ways the group lived in the past. This heard the story, as stories vary from person became possible through SLI. to person. Manchineri teachers from different villages In April 2010 the work was taken to were invited to participate in a workshop in a Manchineri representatives for feedback. The municipality close to their reserve. Participants texts were once more revised by the Manchineri were introduced to older documents and teachers, and the book was finally printed recordings, discussed different versions and in October 2010. The thousand copies are revised the language, and transcribed the available only for the Manchineri community recordings. The participants also documented and the promotion of indigenous education. some new narratives by old people through The publication has strengthened the digital recordings that were also transcribed. Manchineri language and contributed to the As the aim of the project was to give new standardization of its written form. The project possibilities for the Manchineri to reflect on has buoyed the Manchineri’s self-esteem as and document their own history, tradition and indigenous people with a living tradition. myths, during the workshop the community As a Sylff fellow, this social action gave me was given a mini laptop computer, two digital an opportunity to contribute to society and recorders, and two cameras. offered a way to respond to the needs of the The name of the 140-page book that was indigenous people that I had studied previously.

22 SPECIAL LECTURE Sound, Science, New Technology, and Emerging Nations

Monte Cassim Vice Chancellor, Ritsumeikan Trust

am passionate about the Asia-Pacific era. with in the future. IWhen I first came to Japan 38 years ago, One such threat is a global health and de- many Asian countries still had curfews at mographic crisis. The emerging nations are no night, and there were many military dictator- longer saddled only with infectious diseases; ships. But now, it’s become the growth engine they must now cope with more expensive, for the world economy. lifestyle-related diseases like diabetes, stroke, I think science and technology can help and heart attacks. As for the demographic the emerging nations of Asia and the rest of crisis, countries like Japan complain that there the world meet the challenges they face. These are too many old people, while countries emerging nations confront profound global like Cambodia might say there are too many issues that are quite different from those that young people. Britain, for example, faced during the Indus- Global terror and armed conflict are, in trial Revolution. In the past, you could just be many ways, the reverse of the global financial concerned about your own country or your crisis. If sustainable livelihoods are not avail- own locality, but you can’t do that anymore. able, people are going to walk into the hands Whatever emerging nations do today is going of someone who is less ethical about the way to impact someone else, and whatever some- they do things. one else does is going to impact them. So they The Asia-Pacific area is growing dynami- have to partner with others. And in that sense, cally by conventional economic indicators, but Sylff is a microcosm of the kind of communi- it is also endangering the lives and futures of ties we should create in the future. all of us. The first thing we should look at is The emerging nations hold the key to the our way of life. We are consuming in one year future. They are consuming global resources today what it took the Earth a million years to at a voracious rate, and this is going to have a secure as fossil fuels. great impact on the Earth’s environment. They There are new technologies that have are thus both the harbingers of opportunity brought our countries closer together. These and the source of threats that we have to deal are what I call mega-infrastructure systems:

23 international ports and airports, computer tist is a person who was born and is working in and telecommunication systems, and logistical Asia; a person who was born in Asia but is not systems. They are giving us tremendous op- working in Asia; or a person who was not born portunities, but we need to be able to manage in Asia but is interested in working in Asia. This them against cyber terror attacks. We’ve got to covers just about everyone. manage them against pirates. The science in Asia, though, has some In the Asia-Pacific era, for the first time strengths and many weaknesses. There is a in human history the majority of the world’s great deal of indigenous knowledge and wis- population will be shaping the world’s order, dom, for example, but they are not necessarily unlike during Pax Britannica or Pax Ameri- at the forefront of our decision making. We cana, when a minority set the values that oth- lack rigor in our observation and analytical ers either accepted or were forced to accept. skills because a lot of modern science is reduc- This is not going to be easy, however, because tionist, and by nature the people in this region 60 percent of the world’s population is not are holistic in their values. It has nothing to likely to be homogeneous. So, the new order do with them being bad scientists. They are will have to accept diversity. always caught in this conflict between reduc- I am not an expert in social systems. I am tionism and holism. a simple natural scientist. But I do think we Now, many of Asian science’s outcomes have to deal with a very rapid transforma- today are what I call end-of-the-pipe technolo- tion of everything around us. This means we gies, which offer solutions to specific problems. need to make quick decisions, but our social Examples include wastewater treatment sys- systems aren’t responding rapidly enough. So tems and air pollution systems. The other type when we look at government structures and is called “black swan” technologies, which are social systems, we need to take into account technologies that come out of the blue. I pre- the rapid transformation in science and tech- fer to call them stuff-out-of-the-blue because nology. If our social and political systems aren’t it will give the term “SOB” a more favorable dealing with it, I would urge, like Hegel, that connotation. systems of rule be respected only as far as they Reductionism leads to many good devices, continue to provide for human need. but we have to integrate them into systems, We must be very careful not to be exclu- and Asian science is weak in this. We have a sionary, however. The emergence of terrorist lot of knowledge floating around, but we need groups is largely the result of exclusion. How to link that with the wisdom in our commu- do we create inclusive societies, and I think nities. And to do that, we must strengthen the core lies in the way we as educators deal Asia’s science infrastructure. We don’t have with our students. If we can make caring, shar- journals of the stature of Nature or Science in ing human beings come out of our education this region. systems, then we should be able to solve this Now, Japan has a tremendous amount of problem of exclusion. So, education I think technology. It has a very good program called is the key to how we make a caring, sharing Innovation 25, which by cabinet decree al- community of people. located money for breakthrough, futuristic Now I am going into my comfort zone, technologies. Many developing countries can’t which is science. I have always wanted to see if afford to spend on technologies of tomorrow. we can’t create an Asian community of scien- They need practical solutions for today’s prob- tists, and I am going to spend the rest of my life lems. But if developing countries and devel- trying to do this. My definition of Asian science oped countries can come together, very much is that it must never be chauvinistic. Science like the way the Sylff community is built, then must pursue the truth. For me, an Asian scien- as you become a developed economy, you can

24 put aside more for the next century. you need is a small control box, so this may Let me give you some concrete examples. radically change the shape of cars in the future. Japan, as you know, is known as a country The first cars, if you recall, were quite similar which has a long cultural history and tradi- to the horse and buggy, but they’re not any- tion, and it has an ethos of discipline, hard more. And a similar kind of transformation is work, and knowledge not for its own sake but going to happen in personal mobility and with for how it impacts on others. Traditional Japa- smart-grid electrical systems powering these nese values have a lot to offer to the new world things; they might be like elevators going hori- order. Japan has a lot of science, particularly zontally and vertically. applied science, and they can solve a lot of the Professor Teruo Okano has developed a world’s problems. stuff-out-of-the-blue technology called cell- Japan has also made a tremendous contri- sheet reengineering. He cultures single-layer bution to peace and prosperity with its devel- cell sheets in a Petri dish. The reason he can do opment assistance programs. So how do we it and we couldn’t in the past was that every use Japan’s strength as a culturally profound time we tried to pull the cell off, you dam- nation, as a science and technology leader, and aged it; and when you damage it, it loses its as a contributor to world peace and develop- value. He placed heat-sensitive protein under ment? How to use Japan? Japan in a sense, I the sheet so that when it is cooled, it becomes think, is the key to mobilizing a lot of what is hydrophobic and lets the cell go; when it’s at good in Asia. room temperature it is hydrophilic and sticks. Japanese technology is largely end-of- This cell sheet can be placed on a damaged the-pipe, but it can be inspiring. Dr. Masaru cornea or a damaged heart. A patient who had Kurihara’s reverse osmotic filter can trans- been on a heart-lung machine for four years form seawater into potable water with very was able to get up and lead a normal life eight little energy. The amount of water that is months after this treatment started. I don’t drinkable is 0.1 percent of the world’s water know what the drug companies think about resources. The moment you start using the it because it is transforming the pharmaceuti- 96 percent that is in the sea, we will change cal industry. There’ll be tremendous resistance the water equation. So, Professor Kurihara’s to these things, but it will change things in technology, although it started as a pollutant the end. cleaning filter, can perhaps transform the way Professor Okano conducted his trials in we look at water resources in the future. It’s a the EU and in Japan. The trials were success- breakthrough technology although it’s end of ful, but the Japanese government refused to the pipe. give him permission to start regular treatment. Professor Hiroshi Shimizu and his col- What happened in the meantime is that the leagues have developed a motor for an electric French government built a hospital for him car called Eliica. Now, I like fast cars and I and by the end of the year he started regular have always shied away from hybrid vehicles. treatment in France. I asked Professor Okano But, with the Eliica maybe even I will end about this, and he said “For many years I up using an electric car. This car has been de- thought Japanese science must be for Japan, signed by Ferrari’s chief designer and is faster but now I think Japanese science should be for than a Porsche. The important thing is that humanity.” although it started as a technology to prevent That is the key. Use Japanese science for emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrous ox- humanity. Japanese science has been insular, ides, it’s become a breakthrough technology. but its physicists and its chemists have come The secret is that the motor is in the wheel. out of the shell and have started winning No- When you have a motor in the wheel, all bel Prizes.

25 Now, one of the things I do is regenerate social and cultural systems, not just necessarily biodiversity. Japan has a few thousand plant from looking through microscopes. species. But there are hundreds and thousands Lastly, I would like to go to my pet passion times more in the rainforests, and we only because that I think is going to be the area that know about 6 percent of the visible flora and you might find most interesting, as it brings fauna. This diversity represents our bio-facto- the social sciences and the natural sciences ries. The Asian region has some of the most together: How climate change affects the taste biodiverse environments, but it is also losing of wine. them at the fastest rate. In one of our first investigations, we found How can biodiversity be regenerated? I that the major wine-producing regions are be- just use nature’s strength. I look for what I tween a 10 and 20 degrees Celsius band. With call “keystone species.” In the case of the rain- climate change, this band is going to move. forests it’s the giant fig. You can create a food We studied the location, the growing condi- chain that will sustain the diversity of life in tions, climate and environment and found that the rainforest. Once you get them in the right it is sensitive to these transformations of time. place, the diversity returns almost magically. What is the real scientific significance of I wasn’t sure whether I could replicate this climate change? Until the Industrial Revolu- elsewhere. In my calculation it takes 40 to 60 tion, the concentration of carbon dioxide years before full biodiversity comes back. I’m was about 280 parts per million. This kept 63 now, and I’m not going to be alive when our biosphere in stable equilibrium. Shortly this biodiversity comes back. So, I wanted to after World War II, after about 200 years of do it faster somewhere else and I went to the industrial activity, the figure rose to 320 ppm. coral reefs, and I found that you could do it Today, the concentration is between 380 and within four to six years. So, you see, the key is 390 ppm. finding a place where you can see the results One of the biggest future generators of because then it inspires you to do more. climate change is water vapor. As sea tempera- Finding the keystone species is a hunch. It’s tures rise, water will evaporate, and this is go- not normal science. It’s just sensing the forest ing to accelerate global warming. until you find the key. The task requires some- The point at which the glaciers and perma- one who can understand the forest holistically. frost will melt is 450 ppm. The influx of cold This is why I am saying there is a very symbi- water into the sea will change the deep oceanic otic relationship between holistic knowledge currents, which are our climate-stabilizing and reductionism. Often the understanding of conveyor belts in the seas. This concentration things holistic comes from understanding our is going to be reached much sooner than we

26 think. We are now increasing our greenhouse ing away nutrients while they were still up in gas emissions at roughly 2 ppm per year. Even the branches. If you wait until it goes down if the pace remains constant, we’ll reach 450 into the roots, next year you’ll have a healthier ppm in only 35 years. plant, and you’ll need less fertilizer. How can we prevent this? We’ll have to ap- We also learned when to have water and ply mass mitigation technologies in the most when not to have water. How can we select polluting sectors like power, transport, and new sites, and which varieties of grapes are ap- steel. A second approach is carbon capture and propriate for those sites? What is the optimum sequestration, an area in which Japan has good harvest date? technologies. What I’m saying is that in addition to Imagine the impact of climate change on a long-term vision of adapting to climate our agricultural system, which employs a tre- change, research must also be useful to people mendous number of people around the world. in the short term. And when it is useful in the There would be mass unemployment and cha- short term, a community will gather around it. os. This is the true significance of this research, The prefectures of Oita and neighboring since the grape is an extremely good biosensor. Kumamoto manufacture around 20 percent of What you find using grapes and wine should Japan’s high-end silicon chips. We’ve got a lot be applicable to Sri Lankan tea or Oita rice. If of silicon, but we have no Silicon Valley. Palo we can get the methodology right and share it, Alto is much smaller and less interesting than it would be fantastic. Beppu, so what makes Silicon Valley tick? It’s This research involves having very sensitive the young people who come to Stanford, who sensors embedded in the soil, trapped around then go out and set up businesses there. APU the plant, and open to the skies; this informa- has the same kind of vibrancy, so I hoped to tion is gathered on a real-time basis, making create a set of laboratories around us. For four agriculture a much more precise science than it years I went from committee meeting to com- was before. This precision, moreover, is afford- mittee meeting, but there was no investment able. This year we are looking at the growth decision by the time I left here on December of grapes; next year we’ll look at winemaking, 31, 2009. So I turned to private industry. and the year after that we’ll be looking into the In February, I found someone who was in- food culture around wine. terested because he wanted to make a research So far, we’ve had many heartwarming en- institute for his company. I urged him to make couragements. People have asked if they can it an open innovation forum where you get lots use the technology for growing mangoes, rice, of ideas and lots of outcomes. And he fell for and tea. It’s overwhelming when you have a it. He asked me to give him a proposal, and by big public response to a crazy idea, and that’s April he decided he was going to do it. I think what drives scientists. by January next year we can start building. It Now, one good project has many, many will probably take seven or eight months to fin- derivatives. We’ve been able to predict how ish it, so, by the time our students come back the soil and the bio-elements of the soil will after summer vacation, they will have a front- respond. We’ve been able to observe microcli- end digital technologies laboratory. mate trends quiet closely, and as a result we’ve The laboratories will look at how digital been able to predict frost. Predicting frost is technologies impact on culture and tourism. something that will be a great help to any We’re planning to digitally archive the cultural farmer. A crop can be lost in early May if we heritage of Kyushu and Okinawa. The scan- let the frost come in. ners that we use won’t just give us beautiful I also found that in our monitored fields pictures but will also tell us what the paints we were pruning too early. We were throw- are made of and what the substrate is made

27 of. This is going to change the way museum So, this is what drives me. As my colleague people look at digital artifacts. said, we get all our energy from the classroom, It would have been easy for me to lie down we must give something back and this is my and give up when my trustees wouldn’t give small contribution to the university that gave me the money. But where would that leave the me six of the most fantastic years of my work- young people? I want their bright eyes to be- ing life. come brighter because they are the future.

WELCOME RECEPTION Entertainment by APU Students

Following the Special Lecture, Sylff Ad- featuring performances by Japanese and ministrators Meeting participants attended international APU students. a Welcome Reception at the APU cafeteria

A member of the Huayi Chinese Traditional APU Samulnori Team Shinmyoung Art Union perform a traditional Chinese turned in a rousing performance of Korean performing art. percussion instruments.

A toast by Carlos Azzoni of the University of Nohgaku Circle members demonstrate a São Paolo. Japanese stage art going back 600 years.

28 Wednesday NOVEMBER 3

• Session 4

Session 5

Toshie Suzuki and Juilliard Fellows Joint Concert •

29 SESSION 4 Identifying and Nurturing Outstanding Future Leaders through Effective Program Administration

Isamu Maruyama, Program Officer, Tokyo Foundation

would like to talk briefly about the ad- would like to stress the importance of the I ministration of the Sylff program. For Sylff steering committee. old timers, you may have heard this many The Sylff program is a decentralized times in the past, but we are also happy to scheme, and each committee has the overall have newcomers to the Sylff community here reponsibility for operating the program and today. In order for us to have a common basis managing the fund. The committee’s en- and awareness, I would like to help everyone thusiasm and commitment to the program is understand the overall scheme of the Sylff pro- thus the key to the success of the Sylff program. gram and what is expected of Sylff institutions. First let me talk about several basic docu- ments. I. FRAMEWORK OF SYLFF • Agreement In the Sylff program, there are four main The roles and responsibilities of Sylff stakeholders: institutions are stated in the original Agreement (1) The Nippon Foundation, the funding that was signed between the Nippon Found- organization of the Sylff program; ation and respective Sylff institutions. This (2) Tokyo Foundation, the administrative org- agreement serves as the basis for effective anization for the program; administration of the Sylff program. (3) Sylff institutions, the recipients of the Sylff The agreement describes management of endowment of 1 million US dollars each; and the fund and the operation of the program, (4) Sylff fellows, the recipients of Sylff fellowships. membership of the Sylff steering committee, reporting to the Foundation, and others. II. THE TOKYO FOUNDATION There are two appendices to this agreement. Appendix 1 deals with the endowment, that The Tokyo Foundation has three main tasks, is, how it is managed, including the name of namely: the financial institution, portfolio, and so on, (1) Working with Sylff institutions and en- and Appendix 2 deals with the operation of the suring prudent management of their Sylff program, that is, the name, objective and scope programs; of the program, eligibility for the fellowship, (2) Offering programs to support Sylff fellows’ fellowship amount, and so on. research, initiatives and efforts to contribute to society; and ultimately • MOU (3) Helping cultivate and support future Whenever there is a need to make a major leaders through the Sylff program. revision to Appendix 1 and/or 2, the Tokyo Foundation works with the institutions and III. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF SYLFF agrees on the revisions by preparing a doc- INSTITUTIONS ument. We call this an MOU, or a memor- andum of understanding. This document is What are the roles and responsibilities of signed by the Tokyo Foundation and the Sylff Sylff institutions? Before going further, I institution.

30 • Operational Manual tee is to operate the Sylff fellowship program There is a document called the Sylff Ope- effectively. rational Manual that describes in detail how There are several components. the Sylff program is to be managed at each institution and includes the report forms. We (1) Announcement and recruitment have included a copy of the Manual in the The Sylff steering committee, or a university- meeting kit, and so please take a look at it at wide scholarship committee, makes an your convenience. It is also downloadable from announcement of the Sylff program through the Sylff website (www.sylff.org/admin). such means as fliers, posters, website, and Now, I would like to briefly talk about e-mails. Some schools organize an orientation the roles and responsibilities expected of Sylff session for potential applicants. In making an institutions. announcement, make sure that the fellow- ship is called “Sylff,” funded by The Nippon Communicating with the Tokyo Foundation Foundation and administered by the Tokyo Foundation, and note that the fellowship The first responsibility of a Sylff institution is recipients are expected to become leaders in timely reporting to and close communication various fields and professions. with the Tokyo Foundation. It is crucial for us to know the current situation of your (2) Selection institutions and information on the fellows. Then you receive the applications. At some As stated in the original Agreement, each institutions, the applications first go through institution is supposed to submit an annual pre-screening at the faculties and depart- program report, which includes a list of Sylff ments that the applicants belong to. The sub- fellowship recipients, and an annual fin- mitted applications are then put forward for ancial report. Usually, these reports are to screening through document assessment and be submitted within three months after the interviews. academic and fiscal years end, respectively. The Sylff fellows are supposed to be stu- Whenever you have problems or something you dents who have not only academic excellence would like to discuss with us, please feel free to but also leadership potential. How do you contact us anytime. assess leadership potential? There is no single Let me add that the submission of the clear set of criteria, and it can be different from most recent reports by the Sylff steering school to school. I think you can find some committees is one of the requirements for ideas from the presentations by several Sylff your Sylff fellows to be able to participate in colleagues and also in breakout discussions later the Sylff Research Abroad program. in the morning. We must report to The Nippon Foundation The scope of the fellowships must fall on a regular basis concerning the current within the parameters of the social sciences situation of the Sylff program, so your coopera- and humanities, but recognizing the growing tion in timely reporting is greatly appreciated. tendency toward interdisciplinary and multi- We put the submitted data on the fellows disciplinary approaches, students are eligible into our Sylff database, send each of them a as long as they approach such research themes welcome package, and use this information to from a social science or humanities perspective. plan future programs for Sylff fellows. (3) Awarding of fellowships Operation of the Sylff Fellowship Program I think an awarding event is quite useful in enabling recipients to become acquainted with The second task of the Sylff steering commit- Sylff and with other fellows, and in instilling

31 a better sense of being a Sylff fellow. If you are is too broad a definition and does not make planning to organize something and would like much sense in the real world. to have Sylff-related materials, we will be happy Let me just say that our basic stance is that to send them to you, or if timing allows, we the value of the endowment should be kept would be happy to participate in these events. at or above the original capital amount, and we have requested that a certain portion of (4) Follow-up the annual proceeds be returned to the capital Organizing periodical meetings with current so that the capital can grow to hedge against fellows and hearing about their research progress future inflation and other financial difficulties. or inviting Sylff alumni to speak to current When the fund goes below par, we ask that fellows can be some ways to maintain con- the Sylff fellowship be suspended temporarily tact with the fellows. Also, at the awarding until the original capital amount has been events or subsequent events, you can intro- recovered. duce them to opportunities, like Sylff Plus, Considering the global financial crisis and that the Tokyo Foundation is providing or its adverse impact on the endowments, the planning to provide. Tokyo Foundation, together with The Nippon Foundation, is reviewing the investment Management of Sylff Endowment guidelines and hopes to be able to send them to you in the near future. The third role of the Sylff steering committee Other than that, the situation varies greatly is to manage the Sylff endowment. As stip- from institution to institution, and so for the ulated in the original Agreement, each insti- details, we would like to discuss the matter tution is supposed to manage the fund “in a individually with each institution. safe and secure manner.” I am afraid that this

32 PRESENTATIONS BY SYLFF INSTITUTIONS

Excavating Leadership Potential help us select the new fellows. The applicants have to make a presentation for about 15 Carlos Azzoni, University of São Paolo minutes on whatever topic they choose. They can talk about their research, they can talk ’ve been the chairman of the Sylff steering about themselves, about their goals, whatever. Icommittee at the University of São Paolo It’s their choice. for the past 15 to 20 years. Our policy is to And from that we start evaluating them for provide grants to students only after they other talents that would reveal their leadership have finished their coursework for either potential. We interview them after this pre- a master’s degree or PhD. We make sure sentation, and then we move to the decision- to create a bit of noise in announcing the making process involving the previous year’s program so that everyone at the university students too. knows about the Sylff program. We often use This is how we operate. We just had our the Sasakawa name. most recent interview two weeks ago. Our initial criterion is that a research We now have three fellows for next year, project must be international to qualify for a and they already know the previous group. grant. We don’t care if an applicant teaches or They’ll be attending a presentation in Decem- has another job; this is especially important ber, when the current fellows will make their for lawyers who have a practice, making the last progress report. We have these meetings fellowship very attractive for them. every three months, which are attended by This year we received 27 applications, 6 or members of the steering committee, previous 7 of which we rejected because they didn’t sat- Sylff fellows, and members of the Brazilian isfy this basic criterion. If the research covers Sylff Fellows Association. only one country, we don’t consider it. When the current fellows present their The students who apply have generally research, the steering committee members been preselected, and so they are already good discuss the contents, and we evaluate their students with outstanding grades. We call progress. This is something we do as part of them for an interview. It’s actually more than the university’s rules. an interview; we call all of them the same day, By doing that, we make sure they perform. and we also call the previous year’s fellows to We create opportunities for them to meet and interact with the previous group to create a feeling of belonging to a community. We explain what Sylff is all about and I think we have been successful in creating a certain set of values. I want to report that we have just had our first second-generation fellow. In our last selection, we chose a student of a for- mer Sylff fellow, who has now become a faculty adviser. His student will be doing research with us. So, this gives you an idea of the success of this program.

33 An International Perspective on Business Issues sized grant to cover the costs of participating in the program, just one student would tie up David Platt, University of Texas at Austin all of our grant money for two years. So rather than making large grants, the steering com- ur program is for graduate students in mittee has tried to support the broadening of Obusiness, and we focus on students who international education in the MBA program. can provide an international perspective on We select students who show leadership quali- business issues. We work through a steering ties and then use relatively small grants to committee in the same way that Carlos de- reach a large number of students, which mul- scribed. I have been the chair of our steering tiplies the effect of the grant. committee for about ten years. Our selection We have four kinds of grant programs. process is a little different from the way the The biggest in terms of money is called the program is run at many other schools because Sylff Double Degree Program. The Sylff -Dou we are a graduate school and yet our students ble Degree Fellows are MBA students who in are not going through a dissertation or re- their second year choose to go to one of our search process. seven double degree partner schools around The majority of the students that we have the world, all outside the US and Canada. are MBA students. We focus on full-time And of this very select group of students we students, many of whom are seeking a change choose two or three whom we will award a in their careers, so the program is a chance to fairly large fellowship of about $10,000. influence the kind of career they will choose The second is called Sylff Europe Fellows. later on. We also have doctoral students, but European students are underrepresented on this is a relatively small pool. our campus because they tend to go to East Speaking now of the MBA side, due to the Coast or West Coast (US) schools. They don’t high cost and two-year duration of the MBA often come to Texas. For purposes of having program, if we were to make a significant- good geographic diversity, it’s very important to try to get more European students. And so we target Sylff money to them. Our third program is for doctoral fellows who demonstrate leadership on the interna- tional stage in the area of business. Often, the main purpose of the grant is to help offset the cost of conducting research internationally, rather than just staying in Austin. We want to encourage an international perspective. The fourth program is what we call the Global Connections Sylff Fellows Program, or more generically, the Global Study Program. This is our most active program. It involves six students per year to whom we make a relatively small contribution of $2,500 of Sylff money. We try to identify students who have interna- tional leadership potential and then develop that potential with a program that uses them to internationalize the other MBA students. Even though the amount is modest, it is highly prestigious, and all of the MBA students, like

34 Carlos said, are familiar with Sylff through this that they are Sylff fellows. We hold a closing program because it’s well advertised and there is lunch at the end of the academic year. We heated competition. bring together all the Sylff fellows from the One major challenge that we confront in various programs, including those who’ve re- running the program effectively is choosing turned from a double degree and the doctoral the right students. One error would be choos- students. We bring them all together so they ing somebody who follows the typical MBA can see that Sylff is more than the program path, for example going straight to Wall Street, that they were in and instills the Sylff brand. which is not the leadership quality we’re But this isn’t quite enough to create a lasting looking for. So, we’ve worked very hard in the perception of the brand. selection process to screen out the students I would enjoy working with the Tokyo who are likely to follow the traditional path Foundation to figure how to keep in touch and are simply interested in a little bit of ex- with students who aren’t traditional researchers tra money. and also what we can do that would add value The second challenge is to get them to for them after their graduation so they would identify with Sylff and the Sylff brand. So we continue to identify with the Sylff brand. hold various events to make sure they know

A Unique Training Platform for Researchers revising it over time. That’s why I said that it’s an experiment in the institutional process. Joyashree Roy, Jadavpur University At Jadavpur University, we believe that leaders need deeper understanding of social adavpur University is the 67th Sylff institu- realities and problems. Sometimes you don’t Jtion, and we started this program in 2003. know which discipline should address a par- The way we look at the program is as a vision- ticular problem, so we encourage a multidis- ary campus initiative. We are experimenting ciplinary and holistic approach. This is the with an institutional process which can en- Sylff theme. courage independent and innovative ideas for We follow a well-planned strategy to iden- future leaders. This program itself is a research tify enthusiastic young minds so they can pur- program for me as a Sylff director. We feel it’s sue innovative research on this theme. When important to identify leaders but also to build we received the Sylff endowment, we thought a community within the institution. We need this would give us an opportunity to work in to set visionary goals and implement those a niche within the university system. So, we goals within the institution so that the right did not put it into our scholarship bureau- kinds of leaders are selected. cracy but kept it as a special program. The director is responsible for creating the We believe that unless we get the word out vision and the goal and implementing it. But to everyone, we cannot get the right kind of the director needs support from the steering leaders. So, we want the whole pool to be well committee and mentors who serve as academ- informed. We start the process one year ahead ic advisers. of time and advertise in the all-India univer- Gradually, we also get the students into sity newsletter and the internal notice circu- the peer group and receive their input in the lation. The JU Sylff Association helps us by selection process. We have made Sylff into their classroom interaction, social networking an inclusive process over the last seven years, sites, poster campaign, peer-to-peer e-mailing,

35 ask them to assemble on a particular day and try to get them to switch to a research mode. We show them how to write a good research proposal and conduct a “progress report” workshop every quarter. They have to pres- ent in front of other fellows and mentors the progress they are making with their research. To facilitate multidisciplinary interaction, we need space for discussion. The university has given us an office and a room for Sylff -fel lows where we can meet each week. The direc- tor voluntarily conducts active mentoring and planning for Sylff Research Abroad and other follow-up programs and networking. and they have created and maintained a JU The JU Sylff Program provides mentoring Sylff website. support to fellows to think and act out of the We have three independent reviewers to box, which is really important for a leader. check for the academic quality of the pro- The Sylff Association was formed in 2005 posal, leadership quality of the applicant, and with money from the Sylff Network Pro- compatibility with the Sylff goal. The appli- gram of the Tokyo Foundation. It publishes cants are shortlisted and asked to defend their a newsletter and meets each Monday to plan proposal in an open forum in front of experts, social action programs. For example, mem- other applicants, steering committee mem- bers volunteer their time to visit the Leprosy bers, and graduated and current Sylff fellows. Mission Hospital in Kolkata. We must first Leaders need to be trained continuously, go beyond our own stigmas and barriers be- so we consider Sylff to be a unique training fore we can influence others. So once a year platform for researchers with leadership po- the fellows go to the leprosy hospital and tential. After we advertise, within a month we spend the whole day there.

A Three-Level System to Ensure Fairness

Rong Li, Peking University

work with the Peking University Education IFoundation and am in charge of the opera- tion of the Sylff program and other funds do- nated to the university. Sylff was established at PKU in 1992. So far, over 960 talented fellows have benefitted from the program. We cherish the precious support and are dedicated to ensuring the effective and efficient administration of the program. Today, I would like to report on

36 three aspects of our program: Sylff adminis- we would be very happy to invite you. It is an tration, Sylff Plus promotion, and Sylff net- important event for the university to highlight work building. our top students. In Sylff administration we mainly focus on Sometimes, we hold an award ceremony announcement, selection, and the award cer- just for the Sylff program when a representa- emony. To keep all eligible students informed, tive of the Tokyo Foundation comes to visit we use all channels available to announce the us. The small-scale ceremony is a good instru- program, including the website of Peking ment for fellows to better understand the pro- University and the PKU Education Founda- gram and build a sense of belonging. tion newsletter. We have seen many fellows become social- Every year, we publish a handbook to ly responsible leaders in various areas, includ- introduce all scholarships donated to our ing in academia and the IT industry. university. Every program, including Sylff, is As for Sylff Plus promotion, we use a web- described in detail. We e-mail announcements site and e-mails to keep fellows updated on the to each college and department. We provide program. When needed, we organize group information to them and also ask them to gatherings or make fliers to deliver the infor- nominate qualified students. mation. We try to serve as a bridge between the Due to the high reputation and the large Tokyo Foundation and Sylff fellows. amount provided, Sylff attracts many students, From 2007 to 2010 we sent three PKU and the application process is very competitive. fellows for Research Abroad and welcomed To ensure fairness, openness, and transparency, three fellows from other institutions. we have set up a three-level system. The first The third part of our activities is Sylff net- level is the college and department responsible work building. In order to heighten awareness for nomination and preliminary review. The of belonging as Sylff fellows and as part of the second level is the PKU Education Foundation global Sylff network, we set up a website for in charge of verifying the submitted materials, PKU Sylff fellows in 2004. This is a platform and the Sylff steering committee is the third for providing information to and promoting level. The committee makes the final decision communication among fellows. During the on fellowship applicants. process, we realized that our communication Our experience in past years has shown was mainly one-sided. We need feedback from that the three-level system works very well. fellows. So, we designed a questionnaire for After the fellow is selected, an award cer- new fellows. emony is held to honor them. Every year in Since its inception, Sylff has made a pro- December, PKU holds a ceremony to award found impact on the university. So on behalf all scholarships, including Sylff. We also in- of Peking University, I would like to express vite local donors to come to the university to our sincere thanks to The Nippon Foundation recognize their contribution. Mr. Maruyama and Tokyo Foundation. Thank you for your said you may be able to attend the ceremony; long-term support to our university.

37 Thematic Orientation to Finding Leaders

Wilhelm Löwenstein, University of Bochum

y name is Wilhelm Löwenstein. I am a Mprofessor at the University of Bochum and chairperson of Sylff Bochum. I’ve been involved with the Sylff steering committee since the very beginning in the late 1990s. Sylff Bochum has a thematic orienta- tion and is focused on developing policies, dealing with European economic policy and recommendation letters. This way, we know humanitarian aid. This orientation has had a the progress of research from both the inside tremendous impact on the selection process and outside. and on all follow-up activities, such as track- We track all our alumni in the develop- ing the students. Because of our thematic ori- ment’s research group. We just did a tracking entation, we have invited the directors of the exercise and found out that a little more than development research, humanitarian aid, and 50 percent are working for an international European economy programs to join the Sylff organization in development assistance, and steering committee. roughly 30 percent are working in this field There is another person representing, the in a developing country. The rest are working rector of University, so the steering com- at universities. mittee is three-quarters academic and one- quarter administrative. * * * The impact of a thematic orientation on selection is as follows. The fields of develop- That concludes my remarks on what we do at ment management, European economic my university, and now I’d like to talk about policy, and humanitarian aid in international some of the issues we should address in our development studies are highly competitive. breakout session. On average we have between 6 to 12 applica- There are a number of perceived problems, tions for one place. That means all students perceived options, and open questions which are already extremely highly charged. I would like to share with you. One that has We want to award the best and brightest, already been mentioned is the financial crisis. but they are not automatically future leaders. This is a very interesting topic from the per- So how can we identify them? We ask them to spective of an economist, but a very bad one submit a CV to learn whether they have done as a member of the Sylff steering committee, any community work. Did the students with especially if you are living in Europe. The very good marks ever engage in activities that dollar, in which we were obliged to put our were not directed at fulfilling their individual investment, is weak. We have very low interest goals? This is the main criteria we use to find rates and high living expenses for students. If bright academics with the potential of becom- we continue to fund individual doctoral stu- ing future leaders. dents, for example, we would be able to sup- The fellowships are usually for one year. port only one and a half students. This can be extended, based on the self- From my perspective, the right way to deal estimation of how far students have achieved with this is to adjust our funding formats so their objectives. We also have supervisors write we can support more people with reduced re-

38 turns on investment. An interesting idea that Exchange Service. I made a survey in East was raised earlier is not giving full scholarships Africa some years ago where we were trying to but smaller portions for purposes where they find out how well African students knew they would really make a difference. When stu- were studying with German money. What dents are starting to study, they already have we found was bad news for the service. More their own source of funding to a large degree. than 80 percent did not even know that they If they had no funds whatsoever they wouldn’t are studying with German taxpayers’ money. even think of applying. Giving a full fellow- The identification of Sylff fellows with the ship is therefore solving a problem that doesn’t Sylff program is much stronger. exist. It would be nice for the recipients, but One more issue to consider is the per- other uses of the money would probably make spective of potential future leaders. What do a bigger difference. they need to really develop their potential? In addition, there is the problem of getting What would they need to show that they funded students to identify with Sylff. This is are not only potential leaders but capable not a problem for Sylff alone but for all fel- of demonstrating true leadership? If we can lowship donors around the world. define the needs of potential leaders, what There are very few exceptions, and they would be the implications for the program are donors who undertake most of the ad- and the instruments that Sylff and the Tokyo ministration of the fellowships themselves. Foundation are offering? Fulbright is a good example. Fulbright stu- This is not written in the preparatory pa- dents get their fellowship from Fulbright, pers for this session, but we may also think not from a degree-granting university, and about additional instruments that can be they are always in touch with Fulbright and provided by the Tokyo Foundation to answer never with Bochum or with the Colegio de needs from the perspective of the students, México or São Paulo. One of the world’s larg- rather than the administration. est fellowships today is the German Academic

39 BREAKOUT SESSION

Major points raised in breakout group discussions corporate desirable qualities into the sele- and the Tokyo Foundation’s responses are sum- ction process. marized below: ISSUE It would be helpful if current or ISSUE It may be worth the Foundation’s con- graduated Sylff fellows could participate in the sideration to showcase the kinds of qualities an selection of new fellows. ideal fellow should possess by presenting a check RESPONSE The Foundation supports this idea list to be used for the selection of fellows. as long as fellows’ participation adds value to RESPONSE The Tokyo Foundation has al- the selection in terms of its openness, fairness, ready included the desirable qualities of a and other factors. Subsequently, interaction Sylff fellow in the mission statement of the among the fellows is expected to increase. Sylff program, which is described in the Since the selection method and process are div- Operational Manual. The Tokyo Foundation erse within the Sylff community, each Sylff encourages members of the steering com- institution has the right to choose whether it mittee to consider such qualities in the wishes to invite the participation of current or selection process. However, such qualities graduated fellows during the selection phase. are different in different cultures, societies, and institutions. The selection method and ISSUE Sylff Connect should be opened to Sylff process within the Sylff community are also administrators to facilitate interaction and quite diverse. Therefore, the Foundation information-sharing among Sylff fellows and suggests that it is appropriate for each steer- their institutions. ing committee to decide how it should in- RESPONSE The Tokyo Foundation will be

40 pursuing this possibility. The Foundation will ISSUE There is a need for new programs or be reviewing the current performance of Sylff mechanisms to benefit graduated Sylff fellows. Connect and hopes to increase its usability RESPONSE The Foundation believes that among fellows before considering the poss- Sylff fellows are a tremendous asset for the ibility of giving access to Sylff administrators. world and would like to stay in touch with them, support their initiatives, and pursue ISSUE Sylff fellow associations at the level of the possibilities of further collaboration institutions should be strengthened. with them for the betterment of society, RESPONSE The Foundation has provided even after they leave their institutions. The funds in the past to local associations to cover Foundation will continue to consider how administrative costs as well as project costs. best to do this, but at the moment, one way Subsequently, however, the Foundation has for graduated fellows to receive the Found- reviewed the scheme and concluded that cov- ation’s support is the Sylff Leadership Initi- ering administrative costs alone does not ative (SLI), which is open to not only current strengthen the sustainability of local assoc- and graduated fellows but Sylff steering iations. The Foundation has thus decided to committee members and administrators for support projects and launched the Sylff collaborative endeavors. The Foundation Leadership Initiative (SLI), which supports always looks forward to receiving innovative Sylff fellows to undertake social action projects proposals. Details about SLI can be found at: or organize forums on critical social issues. http://www.sylff.org/2010/03/23/3054/. Local associations are welcome to apply for an SLI grant to facilitate their activities.

41 SESSION 5 Presentations of Fellows’ Research and Activities

Information Overload and Ignorance in the Digital Age

Ethar El-Katatney

was born and raised in Egypt. I’m doing actors. People have put up videos of police Itwo graduate degrees right now. I graduated torture on YouTube, and some have led to as an undergraduate three years ago, and I’ve convictions, heralding a new era of social me- also been working as a journalist since then. dia in the country. Flickr, Twitter, and Face- Neither of my graduate degrees requires a the- book are now playing an extremely important sis, so I haven’t been doing research per se. role in the protest movement in Egypt. The media is largely controlled by the The ease of access, the ability to be your state, but in a survey of 3,000 journalists in own journalist have brought a full range of Egypt, 70 percent said that their biggest threat abuses to light, and this has led to tangible was professionalism, not government control. social change. So journalism has a long way to go. But there Of course not everything online can be are now more independent media organiza- used; you can’t quote it as a source, for exam- tions, and the state can no longer control ple, since there is fake information. But social what people hear and see. media does provide tips, and you can get so From around 2003 or 2004, blogging much immediate feedback. became very popular in Egypt. The Internet The Internet is often seen as a force for population has exploded, many of them un- global standardization, but it’s also given der the age of 25. This means they have access people access to sources that are not the tra- to information provided by nongovernmental ditional news agencies and media groups. For

42 example, a Gallup poll found that Americans cultural perceptions frame the language of the with the fewest prejudices and who were the articles that are written. least stereotypical, particularly toward Islam, The potential of social media is that you were the least educated, people who didn’t get can take part in shaping and changing the their news from traditional sources. world. This is a huge responsibility, and those I’m now working with a group called Me- of us who are working professionally have to dia Watch that monitors the news coverage of be really aware of this responsibility. various media organizations. We analyze how

Beyond the Divide: Humanitarian Competition

Ichiro Sugimoto

lobalization is a widely discussed topic sequences. Radical antiglobalizationists have Gtoday among not just academics but also failed to produce a feasible alternative, how- politicians and even poets. ever. Most proposals advanced are based on Discussants broadly fall into one of three Marxist socialist models, which are not able to positions. The first group considers globaliza- meet the expectations of the modern world. tion as a positive and beneficial development. I think the first view is slightly Utopian This position holds that it promotes democ- and does not give full thought to the com- ratization and a market economy also leads to plexities of the political and economic process. greater wealth. Notions of a pure market and perfect compe- The second view is more neutral, seeing tition as conceived in neoclassical economics globalization as having both positive and have no links to reality. negative sides. There are some economists I think there is a need to think of more who adopt this view, proposing ways to make fundamental issues regarding globalization. We things better. need a more humanistic concept that recognizes The third position believes that globaliza- individual differences and their personal reali- tion has mostly negative or undesirable con- ties, rather than being caught up in abstractions.

43 Profit motive alone is inadequate to ex- ago. Humanitarian competition is an idea that plain the human experience, for it arrogantly can offer a moral frame of reference to temper disregards local, traditional values. We must military, economic, or political competition look at the totality of personhood. and may serve as a guiding principle to ensure A novel approach called “humanitarian social justice and equality while incorporating capitalism” was proposed in Japan a century the energy and dynamism of competition.

Globalization: Good or Bad?

Heather Montgomery

efore we talk about whether globaliza- integration, as represented by the European Btion is good or bad, we have to define it. Union. Political relations are intensifying with I consider globalization to be the broadening, the growing importance of transnational or- deepening, and speeding up of worldwide in- ganizations like the WTO and international terconnectedness. agreements like the Kyoto Protocol. There are Globalization is not new; it’s been around also many more multinational corporations. for thousands of years. In fact, the world Because many of these multinationals are might have been more global in the late nine- American companies, some people associ- teenth century. This was disrupted with the ate globalization with Americanization. This start of World War I. has led to charges of cultural imperialism. The pace has increased, though, over the So globalization is controversial; in arguing past three decades, driven by technological about its pros and cons, it’s often treated as advances like media interconnectedness and a thing, although it’s really a process. Recent also due to an increasing number of English arguments have pointed to it as an antidem- speakers around the world. ocratization force. There has been an intensification of eco- Why is globalization so controversial? nomic, political, social, and cultural relations Partly because while it has the potential to in- across borders. There is ongoing economic crease economic growth, it can only do great

44 damage. Increased competition can mean that Over the past several years, poverty has jobs are taken by someone else, where work- been declining. But the gains in economic ing conditions are not as high. growth have not been shared equally; the The most controversial aspect, though, is countries that have been growing the most the flow of short-term capital. Globalization have seen the levels of inequality rise. offers great opportunities for investment, The choice is between utilitarianism and but this can be very volatile, having a nega- the pursuit of the greater good. Economists tive impact on poorer countries and—as the tend to look at the world just in terms of util- global financial crisis has shown—the rich ity, but I would like to take a stand on the side ones as well. of the greater good.

45 JOINT CONCERT Toshie Suzuki and Juilliard Fellows

classical concert was held on November PROGRAM A 3 by four Juilliard Sylff fellows from New York and a professional shamisen per- • Shamisen performance by Toshie Suzuki former—a graduate of APU. The 700-seat • Mozart APU Millennium Hall was filled to cap- Trio in E-flat Major, K. 498 “Kegelstatt” acity with Sylff administrators, APU facul- Balázs Rumy, clarinet ty members and students, and local residents. Luke Fleming, viola The concert was warmly received and was Naomi Kudo, piano also broadcast on a local Beppu TV news • Chopin program the following day. Grande Waltz Brillante in E flat major, Op.18 The four Juilliard fellows also performed Naomi Kudo, piano at a local hospital and a center for disabl- • Brahms ed people in keeping with Juilliard President Trio in E-flat Major, op. 40 Joseph Polisi’s motto of “The Artist as Citizen.” Luke Fleming, viola Emily Smith, violin Naomi Kudo, piano

46 Thursday NOVEMBER 4

• Grand Finale •

47 GRAND FINALE Speak Your Minds (and Hearts!): Drawbacks and Benefits of Globalization

Panel 1 The crisis has given us opportunities to be- Joyashree Roy come new universities, a new generation of think the question is not whether globali- students. So I would urge everyone to think I zation is good or bad, whether homogeni- globally. zation is to be avoided in favor of diversity. A more fundamental question is how we can Nora Moser Mcmillan best manage the progress of humanity. Let’s At our core, we all want similar things… happi- understand that it evolves. There is no prece- ness, to be treated with dignity and humanity, dence, and there is no fixed course of action; meaningful and gainful employment, experien- we all are co-creating the path. New ideas ces of love, and if we have children, a better emerge and are tested. Some get scaled up, world for them. Even more basically we want while others die out or remain dormant. food on our table, clothes on our backs and To manage humanity’s progress we should a home to shelter us. We then build on this determine the degree to which homogeniza- foundation, and this is where we add color and tion and globalization need to be managed for differences to our lives. the benefit of the majority. How can diversity Beginning at a young age and through my be encouraged so as to add spice to life? adulthood, I have been fortunate to be exposed Humanity’s progress is at a crossroads. The to and to forge friendships with many people question we must answer is whether we can rise from all over the world. This has allowed me to to the occasion and identify positive aspects see that despite what I consider a more super- of globalization and technology so as to avoid ficial exterior we all share the same core. the misuse of the tools to manage humanity’s I liken the differences to clothing that we progress and achieve the optimum balance wear to cover us up. The clothing can be as between diversity and homogenization. intricate and different as we are. It is made up of our culture, likes, dislikes, our surround- Alex Fedotoff ings, our history, what we do on a daily basis, There have been enormous changes in Eastern experiences, etc. This is what makes us interest- Europe during the last twenty years, including ing and unique. in general educational policy and transforma- But I wonder with globalization how much tion of academic values. of the differences are being chiseled away? The financial crisis has affected both public As the world becomes increasingly smaller, and private universities. Our public university do things become much more diluted and has been hit because the state has less money. less unique? Is it necessarily better to walk We must unify our attempts to invent new through a city like Tokyo and see the same big politics and strategies through new initiatives. stores or eateries that you can see in any city in America? Yes, as a tourist that can be at times com- forting to see a Starbucks or McDonald’s on the corner, but that is not the point of travel- ing and exploring. Yes, this then adds super- ficially to our similarities, but I also want the differences and to celebrate them.

48 Masao Honma There have been three important epochs in my life. In the first, I went to the London School of Economics to earn a master’s degree. I understood English, but small group discussions were a challenge for me. I found myself being silent, because analyzing what was said was not in my training. should be Sylff’s response to less developed The second epoch was during my years I countries and institutions? How should we care spent at the OECD. I met so many interesting for other Sylff members? people from developing countries. What kind of bridges should Sylff try to Later I became a Japanese diplomat at build to encourage the world to come together, UNESCO. and what are the fruits we should share? During all three epochs, there was one common development, and that was that my Mariann Tarnoczy thinking became more open to differences. Diversity is often discussed by politicians and the media. Among other things, it is a Jean-François Prud’homme European Union mantra. Mobility has been an essential component It appears to me that the importance of fostering greater understanding of one of safeguarding biodiversity is much better another. It is therefore quite interesting to accepted by people than that of safeguarding see how borders, paradoxically, are becoming cultural and linguistic diversity. Very many more important. I think we should try to spoken languages are moribund or endangered. make borders more permeable. At least half—and perhaps up to 90 percent— of the 6,000 or so spoken languages will be Kui Wang extinct within a century. Xinjiang is a multicultural city. And I grew up These languages are spoken in about 210 with many friends from other ethnic groups. countries, so most of them are not official Recently, the region has seen unfortunate languages. Less than 300 of the world’s outbreaks of interethnic violence, but we are spoken languages are spoken by 1 million now working together. In such a context, speakers or more. globalization has a very special meaning. With about 13 million native speakers, Hungarian seems like a safe, middle-sized Panel 2 language. Indigenous Hungarians now belong Sawsan Mardini to one cultural nation but eight political lobalization is a balancing act, and I see it nations: Slovakia, Ukraine, Rumania, Serbia, Gas consuming everything. Croatia, Slovenia, Austria, and Hungary. I have a long wish list of how the world Is there a way to avoid forced assimilation of should be to create greater happiness. I hope we linguistic and cultural minorities? In the words can find collaborative solutions, and work to- of the Slovak political scientist Miroslav Kusý, gether to achieve social justice so that we can states should be organized not on the prin- truly receive the benefits of globalization. ciple of the superiority of the dominant nation but on the principle of civil coexistence of all Jan Persens citizens. Respect of minority rights, includ- In the context of internationalization in higher ing linguistic and cultural rights, reduces education, what should be our response to the conflicts. Diversity is good for humankind, MDGs—particularly in Africa—and what homogeneity is harmful.

49 Alan V. Deardorff and a model of necessary and urgent change. I’m an international economist and travel Globalization does not mean offering easy around the world. Sylff seems so globalized, options. It means, above all, responsibility to but we’re actually very homogeneous, since comply with our duty as promoters of change we’re all academics. and agents of positive globalization in the When I came to Texas, I felt that the processes of grant awarding. military environment there was much more “foreign” to me than the experience of going Mitsuhide Shiraki to other countries. I was made aware that We in Japan have a saying that people who there’s much more out there than we’re are audacious have hair growing from their accustomed to, and we need to understand all hearts. We’ve been asked to speak from our kinds of “foreignness.” hearts, but since I don’t have hair on my heart, making a statement in front of all of you won’t Maria Filomena Marques De Carvalho be easy for me. The process of cultural globalization appears We have a growing number of inter- not to correspond to economic globalization, national students at my university, so I believe since the gap between rich and poor countries that globalization is proceeding in a steady has not diminished. Thus investing in edu- and positive way. cation, training, and research are some of the safest ways of promoting a policy of equal Panel 3 opportunities throughout the world. Margaret Tennant Equal and fair access to education is ducation has been a force in promoting a key factor for the development of fast- Eboth uniformity and difference. In growing economies. Just think of Brazil, one many societies it has undermined class and of the most prominent members of the so- socioeconomic differences and is now reducing called BRIC group. Brazil has experienced cultural differences. Universities such as our an unprecedented development in the past own are strongly encouraging the enrollment decade, with tangible results for its well- of international students who, at the doctoral trained youths, who each year are receiving level, pay only domestic fees to study. The a more internationally oriented education. presence of international students makes our Portuguese universities, especially Coimbra, city a much more vibrant place, encouraging are filled with Brazilian students and research- openness and cultural diffusion. ers. This is a massive contribution to the However, education can also be a force for enrichment of Brazilian society, to its economic recognizing indigenous cultures and promoting development, and to its harm-onization with the indigenous languages. international democratic community. In New Zealand, where ‘bi-culturalism’ But a suitable response to the dark side became official government policy in the of globalization must also be given. Global- 1980s, the Maori language is an official ization is not a magical recipe that will solve all language, and at Massey University, it is the problems. Many still cannot even dream one of the languages in which assignments, about getting a proper education. including doctoral theses, may be presented. In Portugal, internationalization has Theses presented in Maori are now funded on not yet been fully incorporated into society. completion at four times the rate of theses in We have a shared responsibility to stimulate English. We’re waiting to see what impact this academic mobility and opportunities. The Sylff will have upon study in the Maori language. scholarships recently awarded to five brilliant At the same time, the force of tertiary Coimbra students are examples of good practices education as a force for change in New Zealand

50 to create an Organization for Security and Cooperation in the Middle East based on the principles of economic interdependence, mutual respect for international borders, ter- ritorial integrity and sovereignty, and a joint fight against terrorism and organized crime. A permanent platform to bring rivals together can is being blunted by the economic climate and facilitate continuous dialogue and would pave funding cuts. the way for more comprehensive solutions.

Jose Cruz Eunice Mutitu Globalization is often thought to be harmful Globalization impacts negatively on agriculture- to developing countries like the Philippines. based economies of the developing world. If the claim has any truth to it, we need to Rural-based agricultural enterprises that are understand how globalization harms individuals on a small scale and have difficulty realizing and communities. Because globalization also economies of scale face many hardships. has beneficial effects, we need to think about When these enterprises are subjected to global it as a process whose negative elements can be standards in order to secure markets, the extra minimized and benefits maximized. expense makes it difficult for them to survive It is important to analyze the various unless they are subsidized. These subsidies impacts of globalization, recognize that its are not forthcoming from governments, thus more negative elements can be modified to leaving the farmers very vulnerable. create a more inclusive society with positive benefits for a majority of people, and take the Xiaoming Alice Guo steps necessary to bring about change based on Chinese people have gone through pain and social justice and equity considerations. pleasure due to globalization. How can the globalization trend be made to bring benefits Cagri Erhan instead of damaging us, especially our culture? I would pursue the possibilities of multilateral In China, there is a mainstream dialect and cooperation in the Middle East. Everyone talks many local dialects. In today’s world, 95 per- about the problems in the region, and nobody cent of the people speak 5 percent of languages. talks about solutions. So I will talk about one But the real culprit is not language but people’s possible solution: the establishment of an perceptions. We should promote efforts to organization to promote dialogue and address fight not just diseases but social stigmas. humanitarian and political issues. We need a common language to understand The Middle East is a term frequently each other. Uniformity should be considered as associated with turmoil, violence, instability, one form of diversity. and tension. Almost all of the news coverage in international media about the region is Charles Livingston Betsey about suicide bombings, nuclear programs, Howard University has become more pres- and clashes between Palestinians and Israelis. tigious over time with a diverse study body. We However, this critical region, with its gigantic try to educate people for the global community. energy reserves, holy sites, and East-West trade What is important is to provide opportunities routes, can be transformed into a cooperation for students to be engaged in discussions like haven instead of being mired in its current dark the ones we’ve seen here in Beppu. atmosphere. A multilateral initiative should be launched

51 Miliakere Mate Kaitani I’ve conducted research on language, Globalization has led to climate change, which demography, and sexual behavior. I have been is impacting the South Pacific area very strongly. able to break the culture of silence over sex.

Special Speakers The Ecology of Globalization

Mariko Hasegawa Professor, Graduate School of Advanced Studies

s a biologist and physical anthropologist, square kilometer. This is really unsustainable. AI’ve been studying wild animals for many One consequence of the growing popula- years, including humans, and it seems to me tion is that we’re using up energy equivalent that humans are the most unnatural. to 1.2 times what the sun provides for Earth After studying the behavioral ecology of altogether. This is quite unnatural. monkeys, fallow deer, and peacocks in Japan We’re also losing biodiversity; there are and other countries, I also began looking at three types of such diversity: genetic diversity the behavior of humans. There has been an within a species, species diversity within a explosion in the population of humans since community of species, and community diver- agriculture began around 10,000 years ago, a sity within an ecosystem. We’re now losing period representing less than 1 percent of our diversity at all levels. time on Earth as a genus. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Considering the fact that humans are om- conducted by 1,300 scientists from 95 coun- nivorous with average body weight of around tries calculated that ecosystem degeneration in 65 kilograms, the space we need to feed our- the twentieth century proceeded at an unprec- selves is population density of around 1.5 edented rate and that manmade environments per square kilometer, and this is what we see have come to dominate over natural ones over among hunter-gatherer tribes that remain today. the past 50 years. The current world average, however, is 44 per Why is diversity so important? Diversity is

52 required to maintain our life support system high environmental impact. and its resilience. This reality points to the need to reexam- The average per capita ecological footprint ine the modern focus on expansion and to is 2.3 hectares, but industrial countries use up search for new values and new thinking in much more, and this is producing global in- order to create greater happiness for humans. equalities. The cost of affluence has had a very

World Units and Global Coexistence

Yoshikazu Takaya Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University and the University of Shiga Prefecture

’d like to talk today about a concept called that is, dry and highly populated. Sumatra, by I“world units,” which I think can help us to contrast, is mostly rainforest and difficult to achieve a new mapping of the world and pot- live in. entially make a contribution to global coexistence. On my visit to Iran, I thought that with its Let me give you a concrete example. The vast plains the country was the ecosystem type. Republic of Indonesia has two distinct regions, But when I went to the coast along the Persian one consisting largely of rainforests and the Gulf, I actually found few Iranians living there. other of dry areas with many volcanoes. Similarly, I went to Nairobi in inland Kenya This applies to China and Japan as well. and Mombasa along the coast, and I found We can “remap” or “reposition” our reality by that they, too, were completely different. There thinking not in terms of national boundaries but were very few Africans in Mombasa; the people in terms of world units—that is, similar ways of were mostly Indians. living and thinking. Coastal Persia and coastal Kenya, it turned There are several hundred such units, but out, were quite similar. I therefore thought that we can reduce them to three main groupings: they should be placed in the same category: a the ecosystem type, network type, and cos- network of sea ports. mology type. China is vast and has many ecosystems. But The first is typified by Java in Indonesia, the shape of the country has remained largely

53 intact for 2,000 years. How is it possible that QUESTION: Just as India and China are “arti- the country has been held together? The answer ficial constructs” in the sense that there is no is that the country is linked by Confucian- natural grounding in their existence, isn’t the ism. This represents a world unit that I call the concept of world units also an artificial construct? cosmology type. TAKAYA: When a single cosmology continues Similarly, India is marked by Hinduism and for thousands of years, like in China or India, the caste system. India, too, is a cosmological I think you can say that it becomes part of the unit world. “natural” terrain. I don’t think you can ignore On the handout is a microscopic view 2,000 years of history. Competition doesn’t of granite. There are large crystals and small solve all the problems in society, but they crystals; it is the latter that binds the rock do create reality. And in that reality, binder together. The different-sized crystals are (xenomorphic) countries are needed to enable complementary. I think the world exists in a the big (automorphic) countries to exist. similar way. We need to seek ways to achieve co- There are large cosmological worlds, like existence between the automorphic and xeno- China and India, and smaller countries that morphic entities, instead of simply yielding keep things together. to the will of the big countries. This would The Industrial Revolution destroyed this simply be the law of the jungle. to a degree, but such a pattern will eventually HASEGAWA: I think this was a very profound reach a dead end, for if might is right, then analysis. There are many types of diversity; the world will have no future. We need in human terms, there is genetic and cultural smaller countries to act as “binders.” diversity. The presentation suggested that we We need to reembrace coexistence, for need to take a good look at the various types the recourse to military might will only create of diversity in creating new concepts to look bigger discrepancies. at the world.

54 Friday NOVEMBER 5 • Beppu Field Trip

Tokyo Field Trip •

55 BEPPU FIELD TRIP

A stroll in the garden of a former samurai estate in Kitsuki.

Experiencing zazen at the Buddhist temple Monjusen-ji.

56 Participating in the tea ceremony in Kitsuki.

A visit to Usa Shrine.

57 TOKYO FIELD TRIP Dialogue with Cabinet Ministers

History Of Japan’s Environmental Policy

Kenji Someno, Research Fellow, Tokyo Foundation

am speaking here today in place of former ronmental pollution. From 1955 to 1965, en- IEnvironment Minister Sakahito Ozawa, ergy consumption tripled, and the industrial who unfortunately is unable to attend due to structure shifted toward heavy industries. This Diet obligations. resulted in air, water, and soil pollution, which I’ve been involved in pollution measures became serious health hazards. and climate change for over 20 years as a People’s perceptions of economic growth former official of the Environment Ministry, also changed. In the early 1970s, a majority, where I headed the government’s Team Minus for the first time, came to view growth nega- 6 Percent campaign to lower the country’s car- tively as being a threat to their health. bon dioxide emissions. The Basic Pollution Control Law was en- Japan experienced high economic growth acted in 1967. The business community was from the late 1950s to early 1970s. People opposed to the law, as it feared that the higher became more affluent, the material symbols of costs for pollution countermeasures would such prosperity being purchases of the “three hurt their competitiveness. They called for sacred treasures,” namely, the black-and-white balance between business growth and pollu- TV, washing machine, and refrigerator. Later, tion measures. as the country grew richer, the color TV, au- If you replace the word “pollution” with “cli- tomobile, and air conditioner emerged as the mate change,” I think it pretty much sums up “new sacred treasures.” the attitude of the business community today. One negative aspect of this growth was In 1971, due to strong public demand, the congestion in the cities, to where people infamous clause in the pollution law calling flocked from the countryside. The number of for “harmony” between growth and the envi- traffic accidents rose dramatically, peaking in ronment was struck out. the early 1970s. China, Brazil, and other countries are now Another negative consequence was envi- experiencing spectacular growth, and they’re

58 going through the same kind of problems that nounced a target of reducing greenhouse gas Japan faced several decades ago. One lesson emissions by 25 percent and said the govern- Japan learned is that compared to the com- ment hoped to help developing countries pensation paid to victims of pollution-related reduce their emissions as well. The emphasis diseases and other costs, it would have been now is on promoting new investments and much cheaper to implement antipollution spending in energy-saving equipment and measures from the beginning. So pollution is appliances. So we’ve come full circle, with en- problematic not only from an ethical point of vironmental issues being seen not as a drag on view but economically as well. the economy but as a driver of it. The stricter environmental controls led How can we create a society that is not re- to the emergence of a whole new industry to liant on fossil fuels? We need to work together counter pollution, and this actually pushed up in East Asia to chart a new course, as energy Japan’s GDP. consumption is likely to rise significantly in Turning now to climate change, global the region. The environment can emerge as warming has affected agriculture, as Professor a keyword for closer regional cooperation. Cassim described at APU with regard to wine. Many innovative approaches are being taken Rice has also been affected, with yields and by local communities, such as storing snow to starch content declining. provide cooling during the summer. Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama an-

Issues in Japan’s Foreign Policy

Takeaki Matsumoto State Secretary For Foreign Affairs

he Democratic Party of Japan came to promote greater openness. Diplomatic docu- Tpower last year; this was the first change ments that were declassified overseas were also in government in Japan in over 50 years. Our disclosed in Japan. first foreign minister was Mr. Katsuya Okada. Mr. Seiji Maehara took over in September, The theme of the foreign policy during the 12 at which time I was appointed state secretary months that he was foreign minister was to (deputy to the minister), and we have main-

59 tained this open policy. in the West Bank, and we have announced our The challenge for Japan is to maintain our regrets over this decision. In Afghanistan, we’ve national strength in the face of the country’s been providing economic assistance, and we relative decline in economic power. We have hope that this will eventually lead to the concluded comprehensive FTAs and EPAs strengthening of local institutions. with a number of countries that provide for Needless to say, in contributing to the much more than just lower tariffs. We’re now peace and stability of East Asia, stronger rela- considering whether or not to participate in tions with China are of crucial importance. the Trans-Pacific Partnership, which would The administration of Naoto Kan is continu- entail great liberalization and affect the agri- ing the initiatives launched by Prime Minister cultural sector. Hatoyama to build an East Asian community. This is an issue that other countries also We are interested in promoting a mutually face. The important thing is to broaden our beneficial relationship, in spite of the differ- links with other countries by opening our- ences we’ve had over the past month or two selves up and forging closer partnerships. We over specific issues. have recently concluded an EPA with India The EU has come a long way, but it has and are also negotiating an agreement for co- taken many, many years to get this far. Ef- operation in the nuclear power sector. These forts to create a similar community in the negotiations will serve as the basis for the use East Asian region will have to take this into of Japanese technology in other countries in account, and we’ll need to adopt a long-term building infrastructure and upgrading electric perspective. Peace, stability, and prosperity power generation, including through the use that have been the goals of the EU are now of nuclear energy. being achieved. Of course, we’re not limiting our partner- I’m sure that no one could have imagined ships to the Asia-Pacific area. We’re discuss- at the start of the EU that the goal of Euro- ing ways to expand cooperation with the pean integration and union would ever be EU, Africa, and Latin America as well. The achieved. In East Asia today, many people are cornerstone of our foreign policy, though, is skeptical that a community could be created our alliance with the United States. There are in this region. But skepticism never achieves issues we need to work out in our bilateral anything. relationship, but the chemistry between Min- What we’re aiming for is a functional ister Maehara and Secretary of State Hilary community. For instance, we can enhance our Clinton is very good, and our two countries cooperation for disaster relief and prevention, are working together for a more open world. given the prevalence of natural disasters here. We’re currently negotiating an FTA with Being prepared is something we can cooper- the EU as well. We share basic values with the ate on, even if our political systems differ. It is countries of the region, so they are important important that we start by building trust and not just as economic partners but also as po- confidence. litical partners. Even one small step today can lead to 50 As for the Middle East, Israel has announced or 100 steps in the future that will ultimately it is lifting its moratorium on new settlements lead to closer integration.

60 Crisis in the Social Security System

Akira Nagatsuma Former Minister of Health, Labor, And Welfare

apan is aging faster than any other devel- is the child allowance. France is one country Joped country, and this is creating problems that has succeeded in halting the slide in the in how we should support our senior citizens. birthrate thus far, and we’re hoping to succeed Just 20 years ago, there were five working here in Japan through measures like the child people supporting one person over the age of allowance. 65. Today, the ratio is three to one, and pro- Now, it’s important to gauge whether such jections show that in 2055 there will be only allowances have the desired effect. A survey one worker supporting one elderly person. of newlywed couples showed that on average This would be a dire situation. they hope to have two children, but in many Japan’s consumption tax rate is the lowest cases, they wind up having just one. Asked among all the industrial countries. Raising why, they generally give one of two responses. this rate will become a crucial issue in the next One is that they have no money for a second general election. child, and the other is the lack of nursing and We’re now building a new model for social day-care facilities. A third reason is that when and welfare services in Japan in which the both spouses have gainful employment, they school district serves as the basic unit. Four in have no time to raise children. five people today die in a hospital in Japan. I Surveys have shown that among industrial understand that the share is only around half countries, Japanese males devote the least time in Europe, where many more people die at to raising children, so policies that would give home. This is partly because it is very difficult both male and female workers more time to to provide treatment for ailing family mem- look after children is another area that should bers at home. be addressed. This new model for enhanced nursing and We’re therefore actively engaged in dealing healthcare services would be built on smaller with these three areas: mitigating the financial population pools of around 10,000 people to burden with the child allowance, opening the enable community-based care. way for the establishment of more day-care A declining birthrate is a problem shared centers, and measures to improve the work- by many industrial countries. One solution life balance. that the DPJ administration has introduced These challenges must be met in the

61 midst of a very severe fiscal climate. Revenues these and many other issues have been left in must be secured, but raising the consump- the hands of bureaucrats. This has caused ma- tion tax would mean creating an additional jor problems, one of the most notable being burden on taxpayers. lost records of pension payments. The records We have to look at the balance between are incomplete for one in 10 people in Japan. what people pay to the government and what This is a problem that must be addressed they receive over their lifetime. During the through political management and leadership years of compulsory education, the state pays of the bureaucracy. for the cost of schooling. But when people This is a question of governance. The poli- start to work, they pay into the public cof- ticians serving as cabinet ministers could not fers in the form of taxes and other payments. appoint key officials of their own ministries. When they retire, the amount they pay in Rectifying this situation was a key aim of the taxes declines, and they start receiving more change in government, and I think that since government services and benefits. the DPJ has come to power, the situation has The problem is that the amount people slowly but surely been improving. pay and what they receive in the form of There is the option of reducing the size of services is not balanced. On average, a per- government rather than raising taxes, which son receives approximately 80 million yen in was one of the key issues raised in the recent services over their lifetime. The amount paid, midterm election in the United States. There however, is just 40 million. This means the would be no problem if we had a large work- difference must be made up for by govern- ing, taxpaying population. In the face of a ment debt. This has made Japan the country dwindling working population, though, indi- with the largest debt as a share of GDP in viduals will not be able to bear the burden of the world. supporting the elderly; the state must become This is something we must carefully ex- more involved, and this naturally will lead to plain to the people in asking them to make up a bigger government. some of the difference. The next general elec- Today, in Japan, I think the question is no tion is likely to be held in three years, and we longer big versus small; it’s more a matter of must seek the public’s approval at that time to ensuring a minimal standard of living for the correct this imbalance. elderly. And I think most people believe that a For many decades, measures to deal with slightly bigger government is unavoidable.

62 APPENDIX

• Meeting Schedule

List of Participants

List of Sylff Institutions •

63 APPENDIX

MEETING SCHEDULE

Monday, November 1 Arrival in Beppu, Oita 17:30–19:00 Welcome Cocktail Party (Beppuwan Royal Hotel)

Tuesday, November 2 10:00–10:30 Opening Session Greetings by Akiko Matsunobu, Executive Director, Tokyo Foundation Welcome Speech by Yohei Sasakawa, Chairman, The Nippon Foundation Opening Remarks by Hideki Kato, President, Tokyo Foundation 10:30–11:30 Session 1: Welcome and Presentations by APU APU Video Presentation Welcome by Shun Korenaga, APU President Presentations by APU students Presentation by APU faculty member 11:30–11:45 Coffee Break 11:45–12:15 Group Photo Session 12:15–13:30 Lunch, Student Poster Session 13:30–14:15 Session 2: Introduction to the Tokyo Foundation and Overview of the Sylff Program 14:15–14:30 Coffee Break 14:30–16:45 Session 3: Additional Activities Supported by Sylff (Chair: Steven B. Rothman, APU) Sreerupa Sengupta (SRA), Cannon Awuor Ponge (SRA), Citra Wardhani (JIP), Pirjo Kristiina Virtanen (SLI) 17:00–19:00 Special Lecture: Sound, Science, New Technology, and Emerging Nations (Introduction: Akiko Matsunobu, Tokyo Foundation) Monte Cassim, Vice Chancellor, Ritsumeikan Trust

Wednesday, November 3 9:30–10:55 Session 4: Identifying and Nurturing Outstanding Future Leaders through Effective Program Administration (Co-Chairs: Carlos Azzoni, University of São Paulo, and Wilhelm Löwenstein, University of Bochum) Plenary Session Presentation by the Tokyo Foundation Presentations by Five Sylff Institutions (Bochum, UT Austin, Peking, São Paulo, and Jadavpur) about Their Program Administration 10:55–11:10 Coffee Break 11:10–12:20 Breakout Session (seven small groups) 12:30–14:00 Lunch 14:00–15:30 Session 4 (continued) Plenary Session Presentation by Each Group; Plenary Discussion and Wrap-up

64 15:30–16:00 Coffee Break 16:00–17:45 Session 5: Fellows’ Presentations on Their Research and Activities (Chair: Yoichiro Sato, APU) Ethar El-Katatney, “Information Overload and Ignorance in the Digital Age” Ichiro Sugimoto, “Beyond the Divide: Humanitarian Competition” Heather Montgomery, “Globalization: Good or Bad?” 17:45–19:00 Buffet Light Meal 19:00–20:30 Toshie Suzuki and Juilliard Fellows Joint Concert (APU Millennium Hall)

Thursday, November 4 9:30–12:30 Grand Finale: Speak Your Minds (and Hearts)! 11:00–11:15 Coffee Break 12:30–14:00 Farewell Lunch 14:00–16:50 Meetings with Individual Sylff Institutions on Specific Issues Optional Campus Tour

Friday, November 5 (Beppu Field Trip) 8:30 All-Day Bus Tour to Places of Cultural Interest and Scenic Beauty in Beppu (Tokyo Field Trip) 9:30 Dialogue with Cabinet Ministers at the Tokyo Foundation 11:30 Photo Session 12:00 Lunch 13:45 Optional Tokyo Sightseeing Bus Tour

Saturday, November 6 Departure from Japan

65 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Sylff Administrators Country Sylff Institution Name/Position/Division (Sylff Steering Committee Role) Australia The University of New South Wales Yukimi Morita, Research Support Officer, Australian School of Business (Contact Person) Austria University of Music and Performing Dorothea Maria Riedel, Project Manager, Department for Foreign Arts Vienna and Public Relations (Contact Person) Rainer Riedel, Spouse Brazil University of São Paulo Carlos Roberto Azzoni, Professor of Economics (Chairperson) Bulgaria Sofia University “St. Kliment Alexander Victorovich Fedotoff,Professor, Director of Center for Ohridski” Eastern Language China Chongqing University Xiaoming Alice Guo, Project Manager, International Office (Contact Person) Fudan University Yinzhang Chen, Associate Vice-President and Director General, Foreign Affairs Office (Member) Chunlin Yu, Colleague Xuelei Lin, Colleague Jilin University Shengjin Wang, Vice Chair of University Council & Vice President of University (Chairperson) Haitao Li, Colleague Jie Zhang, Colleague Guangcui Zhang, Colleague Lanzhou University Yanmei Han, Program Manager, Office of International Cooperation and Exchange (Contact Person) Nanjing University Jing Chen, Director, Office of Graduate Student Affairs (Member) Liwei Zhang, Colleague Peking University Rong Li, Vice Secretary-General, Peking University Education Foundation (Member) Sun Yat-sen University Jiarui Xu, Vice President, President Office, School of Chemistry (Chairperson) Xinghua Qi, Program Manager, Graduate School Xinjiang University Kui Wang, Vice Director of International Cooperation and Exchanges (Contact Person) Yunnan University Donghong Li, Professor and Deputy Director, Social & Humanities Science Research Affairs Office (Member) Czech Republic Charles University Jan Kuklik, Vice Dean, Law Faculty (Contact Person) Denmark University of Copenhagen John E. Andersen, Director of International Affairs, Rector´s Administration (Contact Person) Egypt The American University in Cairo Sawsan Fouad Taysir El Mardini, Director of Graduate Student Services, Office of Graduate Studies and Research (Chairperson) Fiji The University of the South Pacific Vijay Sundaram Naidu, Professor and Head of School, Development Studies (Chairperson) Miliakere Mate Kaitani, Lecturer, School of Government Development and International Affairs (Contact Person) Finland University of Helsinki Kauko Laitinen, Director, Confucius Institute (Member) Akemi Laitinen, Spouse France Conservatoire national supérieur de Alexandre Pansard-Ricordeau, Deputy in Charge of musique et de danse de Paris Communication

66 INSEAD Helen M. Henderson, Director of Scholarships and Donor Relations, External Relations (Chairperson) Germany Ruhr-University Bochum Wilhelm Löwenstein, Professor & Managing Director, Institute of Development Research (Chairperson) Hungary Hungarian Academy of Sciences Balazs Hamori, Head, Department of Comparative Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest Katalin Szabo, Department of Comparative Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest Mariann Tarnoczy, Head of Department, Hungarian Science Abroad (Contact Person) India Jadavpur University Joyashree Roy, Professor of Economics (Contact Person) Jawaharlal Nehru University Subramanian Chandrasekaran, Coordinator (Contact Person) Indonesia Gadjah Mada University Ainun Naim, Senior Vice Rector for Administration, Finance and Human Resources (Member) University of Indonesia Raphaella Dewantari Dwianto, Head of International Office, International Office (Contact Person) Israel Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Sharon Pardo, Jean Monnet Lecturer, Politics and Government Italy The Institute of Political Education Massimo Massaro, General Secretary (Contact Person) “Pedro Arrupe” Japan Keio University Hideyuki Tokuda, Dean, Graduate School of Media and Governance (Chairperson) Tokuya Uchiyama, Colleague Waseda University Mitsuhide Shiraki, Professor, Faculty of Political Science and Economics (Member) Jordan University of Jordan Rami M. Ali, Director, Office of International Relations (Contact Person) Kenya University of Nairobi Eunice Wanjiru Mutitu, Director, Board of Postgraduate Studies (Contact Person) Latvia University of Latvia Alina Grzhibovska, Director, International Relations Department (Contact Person) Natalija Ivanova, Deputy Director, International Relations Department Malaysia University of Malaya Hamzah Abdul Rahman, Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research and Development) (Chairperson) Khalib Mahamad Apandi, Colleague Mexico El Colegio de México Jean-François Prud’homme, Vice-President, Academic Affairs, General Academic Coordination (Chairperson) Mongolia Academy of Management Bataa Mishig-Ish, Director, International Office/Program (Chairperson) Netherlands Utrecht University Wouter Feldberg, Policy Advisor (Internationalization-Asia), Academic Affairs Office (Contact Person) New Zealand Massey University Margaret Anne Tennant, Dean, Graduate Research School (Chairperson) Jackie Koenders, Manager, Graduate Research School (Contact Person) Norway University of Oslo Karen Crawshaw Johansen, Senior Adviser for International Affairs, Research Adminstration Department (Member) Philippines Ateneo de Manila University Jose M. Cruz, Dean, School of Social Sciences (Member) Poland Jagiellonian University Andrzej S. Mania, Vice-Rector for Educational Affairs, Rectorate (Chairperson) Renata Dobrowolska, Senior Officer, International Relations Office (Contact Person)

67 Portugal University of Coimbra Filomena Coimbra Marques De Carvalho, Head, International Relations Unit (Member) Slovakia Comenius University of Bratislava Peter Osusky, Vice-Rector for International Relations (Member) South Africa University of the Western Cape Jan Persens, Director, International Relations (Contact Person) Judy-Ann Persens, Spouse Spain University of Deusto Juan Carlos Duque Ametxazurra, Head of International Relations (Contact Person) Sweden Uppsala University Ingela Johansson, Senior Administrative Officer, Office for Humanities and Social Sciences (Contact Person) Thomas Ekstrand,Colleague Switzerland Graduate Institute of International Dominic Eggel, Outreach Officer, International History and Politics and Development Studies, Geneva Thailand Chiang Mai University Sidthinat Prabudhanitisarn, Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences (Chairperson) Turkey Ankara University Cagri Erhan, Professor of International Relations (Member) United Kingdom University of Sussex Jacqueline Clarke, Deputy Head of Student Support and Experience, Student and Academic Services United States Howard University Charles Livingston Betsey, Interim Dean, Graduate School (Chairperson) The Juilliard School Jamée Ard, Director, National Advancement & Alumni Relations (Contact Person) Bärli Nugent, Assistant Dean and Director of Chamber Music; Director, Mentoring and Professor Mentoring Oregon University System Kassy (Katherine) Fisher, Assistant Dean, Graduate School (Contact Person) Matthew Fisher and Ms. Margot Fisher (infant), Family Member Princeton University Karen McGuinness, Assistant Dean for Graduate Education, Woodrow Wilson School (Contact Person) Emma Kothari, Family Member Tufts University Nora Moser McMillan, Registrar & Manager of Student Academic Programs, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Contact Person) University of California at Berkeley Patricia G. Murphy, Assistant Director, Institute for Business Innovation, Haas School of Business (Member) University of California at San Diego Darla Wilson, Director, Global Leadership Institute (Contact Person) University of Michigan Alan V. Deardorff, Professor of Economics and Public Policy (Member) The University of Texas at Austin David E. Platt, Director, Center for International Business Education (CIBER) (Chairperson) Yale University Larisa Satara, Associate Director, Jackson Institute for Global Affairs Vietnam Vietnam National University-Hanoi Thi Hong Hanh Nguyen,Senior Staff, International Relations Department (Contact Person)

Sylff Fellows

Egypt The American University in Cairo Ethar Kamal El-Katatney, M.A. Student, Graduate School Finland University of Helsinki Pirjo Kristiina Virtanen, Researcher, PhD, Latin American Studies India Jadavpur University Sreerupa Sengupta, Ph.D. Fellow, School of Women's Studies

68 Indonesia University of Indonesia Citra Wardhani, Expert Staff, Directorate of Research and Community Services Japan Soka University (University of Ichiro Sugimoto, Associate Professor, Department of Economics Malaya) International Christian University Heather Anne Montgomery, Associate Professor, Department of (University of Michigan) Economics and Business Kenya University of Nairobi Cannon Awuor Ponge, Graduate Student, Institute for Development Studies United States The Juilliard School Naomi Kudo, Graduate Student Luke Fleming, D.M.A. Student Emily Smith, Graduate Student Bálazs Rumy, Artist Diploma Student

Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University Japan Shun Korenaga, President Masao Honma, Vice President Edgar A. Porter, Pro-Vice President, Faculty of Asia Pacific Studies Yuichi Kondo, Associate Dean of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Asia Pacific Studies Ken Arii, Associate Dean of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Asia Pacific Studies Joseph Hicks, Professor, Faculty of Education Development Learning Support Center Yoichiro Sato, Professor, Faculty of Asia Pacific Studies Peter A. Mantello, Professor, Faculty of Asia Pacific Studies Steven B. Rothman, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Asia Pacific Studies Osamu Matsubara, Deputy Director, Office of the President Yuji Shinozaki, Manager, Office of the President Koji Sasaki, Manager, Research Office Satoko Kawashima, Office of the President, Administrative Staff Hirokazu Taoguchi, Office of the President, Administrative Staff Hiroko Sato, Office of the President, Administrative staff

The Nippon Foundation Japan Yohei Sasakawa, Chairman Tatsuya Tanami, Executive Director Shota Nakayasu, Project Coordinator, International Network Team, International Program Department Natsuko Tominaga, Press Officer, Media Relations Team, Communications Department

The Tokyo Foundation Japan Hideki Kato, President Akiko Matsunobu, Executive Director Takashi Suzuki, Director of Leadership Development, Director of Policy Research (Overall Supervision) Akiko Imai, Director for Public Communications Shoichi Katayama, Research Fellow, Project Manager Mari Suzuki, Public Communications Officer Isamu Maruyama, Program Officer for Leadership Development (Supervising Sylff) Tomoko Yamada, Program Officer for Leadership Development Yoko Kaburagi, Program Officer for Leadership Development Akiko Inagaki, Program Officer for Leadership Development Taro Tomisawa, Assistant Program Officer for Leadership Development Ayako Hoshino, Assistant Program Officer for Leadership Development Kenji Someno, Research Fellow, Project Manager Mai Sato, Group Assistant for Policy Research Misa Kuramochi, Group Assistant for Leadership Development

69 LIST OF SYLFF INSTITUTIONS

Australia Hungary • Australian School of Business • Hungarian Academy of Sciences* Austria Corvinus University of Budapest • University of Music and Performing Arts Debrecen University Vienna Eötvös Loránd University Brazil University of Pécs • University of São Paulo University of Szeged Bulgaria India • Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” • Jadavpur University Canada • Jawaharlal Nehru University • York University Indonesia Chile • Gadjah Mada University • University of Chile • University of Indonesia China Israel • Chongqing University • Ben-Gurion University of the Negev • Fudan University Italy • Inner Mongolia University • Institute of Political Education “Pedro Arrupe” • Jilin University Japan • Lanzhou University • Keio University • Nanjing University • Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University • Peking University • Waseda University • Sun Yat-sen University Jordan • Xinjiang University • University of Jordan • Yunnan University Kenya Czech Republic • University of Nairobi • Charles University Latvia Denmark • University of Latvia • University of Copenhagen Malaysia Egypt • University of Malaya • The American University in Cairo Mexico Fiji • El Colegio de México • The University of the South Pacific Mongolia Finland • Academy of Management • University of Helsinki Netherlands France • Utrecht University • Conservatoire national supérieur de musique New Zealand et de danse de Paris • Massey University* • INSEAD Auckland University of Technology Germany Lincoln University • Ruhr University Bochum University of Auckland • University of Leipzig University of Canterbury Greece University of Otago • National and Kapodistrian University of University of Waikato Athens Victoria University of Wellington

70 Norway United States • University of Oslo • Columbia University Philippines • Howard University • Ateneo de Manila University • Oregon University System* Poland Eastern Oregon University • Jagiellonian University Oregon Institute of Technology Portugal Oregon State University • University of Coimbra Portland State University Serbia Southern Oregon University • University of Belgrade University of Oregon Slovakia Western Oregon University • Comenius University in Bratislava • Princeton University South Africa • The Juilliard School • University of the Western Cape • The University of Texas at Austin Spain • The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy • University of Deusto • University of California, Berkeley Sweden • University of California, San Diego • Uppsala University • University of Michigan Switzerland • Yale University • GIIDS Vietnam Thailand • Vietnam National University, Hanoi* • Chiang Mai University Vietnam National University, Hochiminh City Turkey • Ankara University * Administers the Sylff program on behalf of the United Kingdom universities listed in italics below. • University of Sussex

71