FW - ttO Burkina Faso Natural Resources Management Action Plan Harvel Sebastian, Team Leader John Heermans Anthony Johnson Mike McGahuey Robert Winterbottom January 1991 This report was prepared fbr the U.S. Agency for International Development under contract number PDC-5317-1-43-8127-00 DAT 7250 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 200. Bethesda, Maryland 20814 i PREFACE This report was prepared by a team of five. Chapters One and Two were written by John Heermans and Robert Winterbottom, Chapter Three by Mike McGahuey, Chapter Four by Anthony Johnson, and Chapter Five and the Executive Summary by the team leader, Harvel Sebastian. The field work was done during October and November 1990. i1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Ewg EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION I OBJECTIVE I TARGET AREA I ASSUMPONS 1 CHAPTER TWO FORESTRY AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION 3 PROJECT GOALS AND PURPOSE 3 rroject Goals 3 Project Purpose 3 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION AND STRATEGY 4 Project Justification 4 Project Strategy 5 TRAINING COMPONENT 7 Training for Paysans 8 Training for Gov.rnment Technicians 8 Training Materials and Institutions 8 PROPOSED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 9 Long Term 9 Short Term 9 FORESTRY: BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM ANALYSIS 9 Lack of Natural Forest Managemeut 9 Experience of Nazinon and Nazinga 10 Major Issues 10 LIVESTOCK SECTOR: BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM ANALYSIS 12 Historical Perspective 12 COMMENTS ON WORLD BANK/UNDP/ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR BURKINA FASO 16 Emphasis Remains on Shift from Biomass to "Modern" Fuels 16 Woodstoves 18 Management of Degraded Fallows 18 iv PROJECT DESCR!PTION 18 NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: BOBO VIOULASSO I8 Macro Land Use Planning Is Sustainable Production and Marketing of Firewood and Other Forestry Products 21 Elaboration of the ScMma Direcreur 24 Zonage Villageois of Agricultural, Forestry and Pastoral Areas Within The Terroir 24 Forestry Management 25 Livestock Management 25 NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF NATURE: COMOEILERABA 26 Strategy in Comoe 26 General Approach to Consider 27 CHAFFER THREE ORIENTATION FOR MANAGEMENT OF VILLAGE LANDS 29 PROBLEM ANALYSIS 29 Target of the GTV Component 29 Constraints 29 ESTABLISHING CONDITIONS TO ENCOURAGE WIDER DIFFUSION OF APPROPRIATE NRM PRACTICES 30 The Conditions 30 Principles of the Approach 31 Cross-cutting Issues 31 IMPLEMENTING THE ELEMENTS 32 Strengthening Local Groupements 32 Outputs 34 Strengthening Security Over Products of Better Management 34 Increasing Access to Knowledge of Appropriate Practices 35 CHAFFER FOUR FARMING SYSTEMS AND VILLAGE-LEVEL INTERVENTIONS 37 PROJECT AREA 37 CURRENT SrrUATION: OVERVIEW OF NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN TERROIRS OF THE SOUTHWEST 39 Cropland (and Fallow) Resources 39 Forest and Range Resources 42 Zonation 44 V PROBLEM ANALYSIS: CONDITIONS AND ACTIONS THAT INFLUENCE THE ADOPTION AND DIFFUSION OF BETTER NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 45 Soil Fertility: Conditions and Actions Addressing Diffusion Constraints 47 Soil Conservation: Conditions and Actions Addressing Diffusion Constraints 49 Range and Forest Resources: Conditions and Actions Addressing Diffusion Constraints 51 Cash Crop Diversification: Conditions and Actions Addressing Diffusion Constraints 51 Summary and Conclusions From the Analysis 53 S*TMMARY OF WHAT THE PROJECT WILL DO 55 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF TERROIR-LEVEL PROJECT ACTIONS 58 General Profile 58 Brief Profile/Scope of Work for TA Specialists 58 VILLAGE/TERROIR SELECTION CRITERION 62 STRATEGY OPTIONS FOR PROJECT TO PURSUE AT TERROIR LEVEL 63 Start-off Targets for Project Actions and Technical Assistance 63 Approach Options to Address all Strata of the TerroirCommunity 64 Use of Materials That can be Sustained After the Project Input isCompleted 65 Identification of a Sequence of Actions in the Terroirsto Support Dynamic Change in Natural Resource Management: A Step-by-Step Process Involving the Whole Community 66 Team Approach to Multisectoral TerroirDevelopment Strategies 68 CHAPTER FIVE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT 69 RECENT AND ONGOING ACTIVITIES TO ADDRESS NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE SOUTHWEST 69 Background oa the PNGTV 69 World Bank's Proposed PNGTV Program 71 Other Potential Options 72 Issues for the PNGTV 72 ISSUES 73 Choice of Venue for the USAID Project, and Coordination with Other Donors 73 Institutional Affiliation 73 ROLES AND MANDATES OF KEY STRATEGIES AND INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN NRM IN THE REGION 74 Plans 74 Institutional Issues: Roles and Mandates of Key Institutions Involved in NRM in the ?Region 79 MAJOR DONORS ACTIVE IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN BURKINA FASO 90 Multi- and Bi-lateral Donors 90 Nongovernmental Orgaizations 91 vi CONSTRAINTS 93 LiAd Tenure and Agrarian Reform 93 Institutional Absorptive Capacity 99 Water 99 PROPOSED PROJECT STRUCTURE 100 NOTES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 102 Response to the Big Problems 102 Recommendations for a Successful Project 102 ANNEX ONE: REDSO PID REQTrREMIENTS 1-1 ANNEX TWO: INFORMATION ON BURKINA FASO 2-2 ANNEX THREFANNEXES TO CHAPTER THREE 3-3 vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is a concept paper. It presents a set of concepts bearing on the management of natural resources in the project area. The paper sets these against the institutional and anthropological realities to be found there, and suggests points of intersection between the two that require accommodation. Each set of concepts in this paper comes with recommendations and discussion for their possibli implementation in an eventual National Resources Mdnagement (NRM) Project. This paper thus provides A.I.D., the Mission, and NRM Contractors with a menu from which to select elements for the construction of a project. It should be understood that the authors of this paper are not attempting to present one agreed view of how the NRM project should be oriented, but two possible frames of reference and orientation. Thus the recommendations in this summary have been organized into two divergent approaches inherent in the proposed sets of concepts. Many of these concepts are common to both approaches, but the activities of the ensuing projects would be differently defined and weighted. The Mission, and project design teams, wil have to make choices, but we believe the choices will be elucidated and informed by what we offer here. TWO POSSIBLE APPROACHES FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT A guiding concept for both approaches is that USAID should continue active support for CILSS (Comit6 International pour la Lutte contre [a Secheresse an Sahel), CEAO (Communaut6 Economique de l'Afrique do l'Oouest), and CEBV (Communautd Economique de Boeuf et de Viande), as well as policy dialogue between Sahelian countries to develop and pursue strategies for antidesertification. APPROACH ONE CONCEPTS: FRAME 1. The focus is consation in two selected project areas. It calls for protective economic development of resources (mostly forest, interstitial land, and wildlife) to permit sustainable use and some reinvestment. Endangered and disappearing resources are the immediate target, and first efforts constitute a crisis response. Subsequent development focus is on agriculture, farming systems, and generalized economic developmect of local rural communities. Recuperating/sustaining soil fertility, water-control/harvesting, and agroforestry then become priorities. This ordering of priorities bears on both policy and implementation. Operational Concepts 1. Provide Schema Directeur(Master Plan) for woodland within 100-kn radius of Bobo Dioulasso. This plan will include a macro land use plan, mapping, and identification of optional areas for agriculture, pasture, forestry, and wildlife parks. Vill 2. Inventory forest and firewo 4 situation. Prioritize forests according to potential, access, size, density, roads, tenure problems, participatory effort of villagers, encroachment of settlers, poachers, harvesters, and so forth. 2.1 Recommend future status and permitted patterns of settlement. 2.2 Study forest-product markets. Control of firewood production and marketing reverts to the village. Integrate fuelwood management with planning and control of other forest products such as honey, karite, and medicinal plants. Use these to diversify, raise rural incomes, and reinvest inresource management. Consider markets for other wood products such as sawtimber, parquet, biomass-fired generators for power production. Do feasibility studies.' 2.3 Favor forest and fuelwood management over subsidized Increases in reliance on imported hydrocarbons for domestic energy source. 3. Protect wildlife through managed game-ranching and hunting. Use the computer model of ADEFA (Association pout le Ddvelcppement de l'Exploitation de la Faune Amdnagde) to study economic feasibility and project area resources. 4. Integrate sustainable practices into village zoning and land use plans. 4.1 Use agroforestry, conservation practices, and integration of livestock management to restore soils fertility and promote sustainable agriculture, fostering intensive and cooperative use of pasture within village terroirs. 4.2 Working with the ARTS project (USAID's Agriculture Research and Training Project), foster development and use of technical packages to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. 4.3 Catalyze collaboration between MET, MAE, MACP, INERA, and IRBET, for example, to improve management of noncultivated lands, thereby diversifying local rural economy. 5. Conserve and improve management of Comoe-Leraba forest reserves in region southwest of Banfora. Stabilize land use in adjacent areas, and provide for rational