Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme in Burkina Faso

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme in Burkina Faso Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme in Burkina Faso Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme Burkina Faso FINAL DRAFT Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Name of sector project: Partnerschaften und Netzwerke zur Förderung erneuerbarer und nachhaltiger Energie Coordinated by: Heinz-Peter Mang, Center for Energy and Environmental Protection (CEEP) / GTZ-CIM (Beijing) on behalf of Prof. Dr. Zhao Lixin, Director, Center for Energy and Environmental Protection (CEEP) (Beijing) Contributed by: Elisabeth-Maria Huba (M.A.), World Toilet College (WTC/WTO) (Singapore) Dr. Papa Abdoulaye Fall, GTZ-ecosan (Paris) Dr. Oumar Sanogo, Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) (Ouagadougou) Gombila Kaboré, Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) (Ouagadougou) Patrick Bracken, GTZ-Burkina Faso (Niamey) Eschborn, July 2007 2 Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme Burkina Faso Index List of tables _________________________________________________________ 5 List of figures_________________________________________________________ 6 List of boxes _________________________________________________________ 6 Acknowledgments_____________________________________________________ 7 Résumé (French abstract)_______________________________________________ 8 Executive Summary __________________________________________________ 13 A) Introduction _____________________________________________________ 15 B) Methodology ____________________________________________________ 15 1 Background to Burkina Faso ________________________________________ 16 1.1 General __________________________________________________ 16 1.1.1 Geography ____________________________________________ 16 1.1.2 Climate _______________________________________________ 16 1.2 Society___________________________________________________ 17 1.2.1 Demography ___________________________________________ 17 1.2.2 Political and administrative system __________________________ 19 1.2.3 Economy______________________________________________ 20 1.2.4 Poverty analysis ________________________________________ 22 1.3 Water____________________________________________________ 25 1.3.1 Water resources ________________________________________ 25 1.3.2 Water Sector Services ___________________________________ 26 1.4 Energy___________________________________________________ 26 1.4.1 Energy policies _________________________________________ 27 1.4.2 Electricity from SONABEL_________________________________ 28 1.4.3 Renewable energies _____________________________________ 29 1.5 Agriculture ________________________________________________ 30 1.5.1 Agricultural activities and products __________________________ 30 1.5.2 Fertilizer use ___________________________________________ 31 1.6 Livestock systems __________________________________________ 32 1.7 Natural resources and Environment_____________________________ 33 1.8 Health and sanitation ________________________________________ 34 1.8.1 Health ________________________________________________ 35 1.8.2 Sanitation _____________________________________________ 35 1.8.3 Sustainable Sanitation ___________________________________ 36 2 Biogas in Burkina Faso ____________________________________________ 38 2.1 History ___________________________________________________ 38 2.2 Existing biogas technologies in Burkina Faso _____________________ 39 2.3 Lessons Learned ___________________________________________ 41 3 Feasibility assessment_____________________________________________ 44 3.1 Technical feasibility _________________________________________ 44 3.1.1 Average daily energy demand______________________________ 45 3.1.2 Raw material___________________________________________ 47 3.1.3 Technical description of appropriate biogas plant _______________ 48 3.1.4 Required components and materials_________________________ 52 3.1.5 Quality parameters and methods to test the quality______________ 53 3.1.6 Household appliances____________________________________ 54 3.1.7 Operation and maintenance requirements ____________________ 54 3.1.8 Technical, construction and operation risks____________________ 56 3.2 Financial and economic feasibility ______________________________ 58 3.2.1 Capital requirements & cash flow ___________________________ 59 3.2.2 The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) ___________________ 61 3.2.3 Internal rate of return_____________________________________ 66 3.2.4 Critical risk factors_______________________________________ 70 3.3 Social, environmental and political feasibility ______________________ 71 3 Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme Burkina Faso 3.3.1 Policy: The Millennium Development Goals and biogas __________ 71 3.3.2 Knowledge on and experiences with biogas ___________________ 72 3.3.3 Acceptance of biogas ____________________________________ 73 3.3.4 Acceptance of the attachment of toilets_______________________ 74 3.3.5 Relevant governmental regulations__________________________ 75 3.3.6 Social & environmental risks _______________________________ 75 3.4 Market viability_____________________________________________ 76 3.4.1 Target customers _______________________________________ 79 3.4.2 Needs to be addressed___________________________________ 82 3.4.3 Benefits expected from a biogas plant for potential clients ________ 83 3.4.4 Targeted geographic area_________________________________ 85 3.4.5 Estimated market size & expected sales levels_________________ 91 3.4.6 Competition in the energy & fertilizer market___________________ 93 3.4.7 Critical market risk factors_________________________________ 94 4 Implementation strategies for a National Domestic Biogas Programme in Burkina Faso________________________________________________________ 95 4.1 National programmes and objectives related to NDBP_______________ 95 4.1.1 Environment and climate__________________________________ 96 4.1.2 Energy _______________________________________________ 97 4.1.3 Health, hygiene and sanitation _____________________________ 98 4.1.4 Contribution of a future NDBP______________________________ 98 4.2 Actors in the formal and informal sector related to NDBP ____________ 99 4.3 NDBP – outline ___________________________________________ 100 4.3.1 Programme management & political support__________________ 101 4.3.2 Financing ____________________________________________ 102 4.3.3 Awareness raising and marketing __________________________ 105 4.3.4 Training and private sector promotion _______________________ 107 4.3.5 Standardization and Quality control_________________________ 109 4.3.6 Impacts expected from NDBP_____________________________ 110 5 Conclusions____________________________________________________ 112 4 Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme Burkina Faso List of tables Table 1: Main ethnic groups _________________________________________ 18 Table 2: Religions: development and regional distribution___________________ 18 Table 3: Household size, an example from Poni Province___________________ 18 Table 4: Education level ____________________________________________ 19 Table 5: Price developments_________________________________________ 21 Table 6: Monthly price variation in January 2007__________________________ 21 Table 7: Import-Export-Balance 2005 _________________________________ 22 Table 8: Socio-economic indicators____________________________________ 23 Table 9: Selected indicators of human poverty, situation 2004 _______________ 24 Table 10: GDI compared to the HDI – a measure of gender disparity, situation 2004 ___________________________________________________________ 25 Table 11: Electricity network data _____________________________________ 29 Table 12: Cereal production in tons (x 1000)_____________________________ 30 Table 13: Cotton production _________________________________________ 31 Table 14: Livestock population and annual growth rate - national statistics______ 32 Table 15: Health, water and sanitation indicators _________________________ 35 Table 16: Average energy consumption and costs per year per household (hh) __ 45 Table 17: Average need on household energy/year and energy prices for a rural household with 10 persons ______________________________________ 46 Table 18: Energy services compared between currently used household fuel and biogas for a 10 person household _________________________________ 46 Table 19: Average amount on household energy/year and energy prices for a rural family with 20persons __________________________________________ 46 Table 20: Energy services compared between currently used household fuel and biogas for a 20 person household _________________________________ 46 Table 21: Energy output from different livestock & classification for biogas production ___________________________________________________________ 47 Table 22: Costs and benefits of an integrated energy and sanitation invention ___ 59 Table 23: Percentage of cost fraction in biogas system construction___________ 60 Table 24: Household level financial costs (FCFA / US$) for a 6m³ biogas plant __ 60 Table 25: Estimated costs related to an approval of a CDM project____________ 61 Table 26: Surveyed households: their willingness & ability to contribute to improvements ________________________________________________ 70 Table 27: Future biogas plant connected to toilet - gas use for cooking and lighting? ___________________________________________________________
Recommended publications
  • Compendium of Solar Energy Success Stories from Across the Globe
    Compendium of Global Success Stories in SOLARENERGY Climate Change as a Driver of Energy Efficiency in MSMEs TITLE Compendium of Global Success Stories in Solar Energy YEAR October, 2016 AUTHORS Chandan Bhavnani, Himanshu Shekhar, Arnesh Sharma, Eisha Popli (YES BANK) No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form by photo, photoprint, microfilm or any COPYRIGHT other means without the written permission of YES BANK Ltd. This report is the publication of YES BANK Limited (“YES BANK”) and so YES BANK have editorial control over the content, including opinions, advice, statements, services, offers etc. that is represented in this report. However, YES BANK will not be liable for any loss or damage caused by the reader’s reliance on information obtained through this report. This report may contain third party contents and third-party resources. YES BANK takes no responsibility for third party content, advertisements or third party applications that are printed on or through this report, nor does it take any responsibility for the goods or services provided by its advertisers or for any error, omission, deletion, defect, theft or destruction or unauthorized access to, or alteration of, any user communication. Further, YES BANK does not assume any responsibility or liability for any loss or damage, including personal injury or death, resulting from use of this report or from any content for communications or materials available on this report. The contents are provided for your reference only. The reader/ buyer understands that except for the information, products and services clearly identified as being supplied by YES BANK, it does not operate, control or endorse any information, products, or services appearing in the report in any way.
    [Show full text]
  • Long Version
    German HIV Practice Collection Aiming for results in Burkina Faso Aiming forresultsinBurkinaFaso forhumanrights and sexualhealth Going all-out Acknowledgements German Development Cooperation (GDC) would like to thank Burkina Faso’s Ministry of Economics and Finance for providing national leadership during development and implementation of the German-Burkinabe Programme on Sexual Health and Human Rights (PROSAD). It would like to thank the following ministries and government agencies for leadership within their areas of responsibility: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Social Action and National Solidarity, Ministry for the Promotion of Women, Ministry for the Promotion of Human Rights, Ministry of Primary Education and Literacy, Ministry of Secondary and Advanced Education and Scientific Research, Ministry of Work and Social Security, National Committee against Female Genital Mutilation, and National Council against AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections. It would also like to give special thanks to the many nurses, social workers, teachers and other public employees and to the many staff and volunteers of NGOs whose time, dedication and creative energy have been so essential to the programme’s achievements. For their contributions to the preparation of this publication, GDC would like to thank: • Members of the PROSAD team at headquarters including Eva Neuhaus, Principal Technical Advisor; Pascaline Sebgo, Head of Component for Women’s Rights and against Female Genital Mutilation and Violence against Women; Alain Somé, Head of Component against Child Trafficking and the Worst Forms of Child Labour; and Dr Guy Evariste Zoungrana, Head of Component on Family Planning, Sexual Health of Young People and Mainstreaming HIV for providing the writer with briefings, documentation and comments on drafts.
    [Show full text]
  • Burkina Faso
    Burkina Faso: June – October 2018 Chronology of Violent Incidents Related to Al-Qaeda affiliates Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal Muslimeen (JNIM) and Ansaroul Islam, and Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS) November 1st , 2018 By Rida Lyammouri Disclaimer: This report was compiled from open-source documents, social media, news reports, and local participants. 2016-2018 Sahel MeMo LLC All Rights Reserved. Burkina Faso: June – October 2018 Takeaways and Trends • Militants activity in Burkina Faso have been on the rise for the past two years. Since June 2018 Sahel MeMo observed similar trend with an expansion from Northern parts bordering Mali and Niger, to the Est Region on the borders with Benin, Niger, and Togo. Militant groups have been trying to establish a base there since early 2016, explaining groups’ ability to carry complex deadly attacks, including the use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). • Violence in the eastern part of Burkina Faso by militant groups most likely to continue. In addition to targeting security forces and intimidation acts against civil servants, militants will look to continue to disrupt gold mining in the area. In fact, security forces in charge of protecting gold mines or escorting staff have been subject to attacks by militants at least in August 2018. If this to continue, livelihoods of local communities benefiting from gold mining could be at risk if security situation continues to deteriorate in the region. • These attacks are mostly attributed rather than claimed by militant groups known to operate in Burkina Faso. These militant groups include Ansaroul Islam, Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimeen (JNIM), and Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS).
    [Show full text]
  • This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. THE STRUGGLE FOR AUTONOMY Seeing gold and forest like a local government in Northern Burkina Faso Muriel Côte A dissertation submitted to the College of Science and Engineering in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the School of Geosciences. The University of Edinburgh July 2014 Declaration of own work I declare that the following thesis has been entirely composed by myself. It has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. Muriel Côte Date 17.12.2014 Word count: 98,000 i Abstract This thesis seeks to clarify the role that democratic decentralisation reforms play in dynamics of state building in developing societies where states are often qualified as weak. Within the literature, on natural resource management, democratic decentralisation is seen to either erode public authority in favour of non-state actors, or to strengthen it, as a repertoire of domination hiding an illegitimate re- centralisation of control.
    [Show full text]
  • Burkina Faso
    USAID COUNTRY PROFILE PROPERTY RIGHTS AND RESOURCE GOVERNANCE BURKINA FASO OVERVIEW Burkina Faso is working hard to emerge from the large-scale political and social upheaval that characterized the 18 months following the popular uprising that resulted in the resignation of President Blaise Compaoré in October 2014. In view of the presidential and legislative elections held in November 2015, and the largely successful municipal elections in May 2016, the country appears to have reached a positive turning point, although governing institutions remain in transition and fragile. Burkina Faso is a land-locked country with agro-ecological conditions ranging from the Sahelian North, where pastoralism and agro-pastoralism predominate, to the Sudanian Central and Southern portions of the countries that contain the largest share of cultivable land. Agricultural land constitutes approximately 39-45 percent of the country’s total land area, and about 0.55 percent of total land area is equipped for irrigated agricultural production. Based on interpretation of satellite imagery produced in 2013, the United States Geological Survey concludes that less than 2 percent of the national territory features true, natural forest cover.1 The same study estimates that agricultural land covers 39 percent of the country’s total area; savanna, 31 percent; steppe, 16 percent and Sahelian short grass savanna, 5 percent. A rural land tenure reform process in Burkina Faso culminated in a pioneering Rural Land Law adopted in 2009, and in substantial revisions, adopted in 2012, to the long-standing framework land tenure law, the Réorganisation Agraire et Foncière (RAF). The 2009 Rural Land Law recognizes customary land rights and provides legal mechanisms for their formalization.
    [Show full text]
  • Onds and Boundaries in Orthern Ghana and Southern Burkina Faso
    Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology 30 onds and Boundaries in orthern Ghana and Southern Burkina Faso Edited by Sten Hagberg & Alexis B. Tengan UPPSALA 2000 ABSTRACT Hagberg, Sten; Tengan, Alexis B. (editors) Bonds and Boundaries in Northern Ghana and Southern Burkina Faso. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology 30. 197 pp. Uppsala 2000. ISBN 91-554-4770-8. The volume contains ten essays that are concerned with the problem ofboundaries, and of the bonds that overcome them in northern Ghana and southern Burkina Faso. It explores cosmological notions of space, colonial and postcolonial representations and social practices. All the essays integrate, though in various ways, cosmological and geographical notions of space, although the topics vary from identity, religion and marriage to politics, history and farming in this frontier region. Most of the essays were initially written for an international seminar in Gaoua (Burkina Faso) in 1998, which aimed at crossing the boundaries, be they national, socio-cultural, linguistic, political or religious ones by bringing together some scholars of different cultural, postcolonial and academic environments. © Department of Cultural Anthropology & Ethnology and the authors 2000 ISSN 0348-5099 ISBN 91-554-4770-8 Typesetting: Mikael Brandstrom Printed in Sweden by Elanders Gotab, Stockholm 2000 Distributor: Uppsala University Library, Box 510, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden Preface 7 Jan Ovesen Introduction: Coping with Cosmology and Geography
    [Show full text]
  • TM Dec. 19 2018 Issue
    THE JAMESTOWN FOUNDATION DECEMBER 19, 2018 VOLUME XVI, ISSUE 24 p.1 p.3 p.5 p.8 Brian M. Perkins Nicholas A. Heras Jacob Zen Andrew McGregor BRIEFS Jihadists Are Making Burkina Faso and the Mauritania—Will Is- Gains in Idlib Looming Jihadist lamist Crackdown Make Threat to Coastal It a Terrorist Target? West Africa IRAN: SUICIDE ATTACK IN CHABAHAR While the attack was not particularly devastating in UNDERSCORES LOCAL TURMOIL terms of the death toll or destruction of property, it un- derscores the anti-regime sentiment boiling under the Brian M. Perkins surface in provinces such as Sistan and Baluchestan and Khuzestan, as well as security vulnerabilities in Chabahar A suicide bomber detonated an explosive-laden vehicle and beyond. The attack came at a time when security at a police headquarters in the Iranian port city of was reportedly heightened in preparation for Iranian Chabahar on December 6. The bombing left at least two Revolutionary Guard Corps Ground Force Commander individuals dead and injured more than a dozen others Brigadier-General Mohmmad Pakpour’s visit to Chaba- (PressTV, December 6). The incident follows an earlier har. attack in Ahvaz on September 22, when several gunmen attacked a military parade, killing at least 29 and injuring Chabahar serves as a symbolic target, as it is the coun- more than 60 others (See TM, October 19). try’s only port with direct access to the ocean and is largely exempt from U.S. sanctions. Chabahar, a Free Ansar al-Furqan—a Sunni Baloch militant group— Trade Industrial Zone, is also a symbol of economic and claimed responsibility for the attack in Chabahar the political inequality for the Sunni population in Sistan and following day (SITE, December 6).
    [Show full text]
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs Danida Danish Embassy Ouagadougou
    Ministry of Foreign Affairs Danida Danish Embassy Ouagadougou CONCEPT NOTE Country Programme 2016-2020, Burkina Faso 14th May 2014 Contents I. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 II. Conclusions from Preparatory Analyses...................................................................... 1 III. Strategic Considerations and Justification for the Country Programme .......................... 3 IV. Thematic Programme Objectives and Summaries ....................................................... 5 V. Preliminary Results Framework and Monitoring Mechanisms ......................................... 8 VI. Preliminary Assessment of Risk ................................................................................ 9 VII. Indicative Budget and Unallocated Funds (2016-2020) ................................................ 9 Annexes Process Action Plan Assessment according to the 5 budget principles HRBA / Gender Screening Note Climate Change and Green Growth Screening Note Results Framework Risk Management Matrix 1 I. Introduction Strategic questions to guide the discussion a) The current government development strategy (SCADD) stresses private sector led economic growth. Equity, poverty and environmental sustainability in the short term are also reflected in the strategy but do not have the same weight particularly in the implementation. The government has chosen this strategy because previous poverty reduction strategies had failed to generate sufficient
    [Show full text]
  • Burkina Faso Natural Resources Management Action Plan
    FW - ttO Burkina Faso Natural Resources Management Action Plan Harvel Sebastian, Team Leader John Heermans Anthony Johnson Mike McGahuey Robert Winterbottom January 1991 This report was prepared fbr the U.S. Agency for International Development under contract number PDC-5317-1-43-8127-00 DAT 7250 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 200. Bethesda, Maryland 20814 i PREFACE This report was prepared by a team of five. Chapters One and Two were written by John Heermans and Robert Winterbottom, Chapter Three by Mike McGahuey, Chapter Four by Anthony Johnson, and Chapter Five and the Executive Summary by the team leader, Harvel Sebastian. The field work was done during October and November 1990. i1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Ewg EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION I OBJECTIVE I TARGET AREA I ASSUMPONS 1 CHAPTER TWO FORESTRY AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION 3 PROJECT GOALS AND PURPOSE 3 rroject Goals 3 Project Purpose 3 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION AND STRATEGY 4 Project Justification 4 Project Strategy 5 TRAINING COMPONENT 7 Training for Paysans 8 Training for Gov.rnment Technicians 8 Training Materials and Institutions 8 PROPOSED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 9 Long Term 9 Short Term 9 FORESTRY: BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM ANALYSIS 9 Lack of Natural Forest Managemeut 9 Experience of Nazinon and Nazinga 10 Major Issues 10 LIVESTOCK SECTOR: BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM ANALYSIS 12 Historical Perspective 12 COMMENTS ON WORLD BANK/UNDP/ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR BURKINA FASO 16 Emphasis Remains on Shift from Biomass to "Modern" Fuels 16 Woodstoves 18 Management of Degraded
    [Show full text]
  • Burkina Faso
    Using forests to enhance resilience to climate change The Case of the Wood-Energy Sector in Burkina Faso i Acknowledgements This study on the role of forests in enhancing landscape resilience to climate change is part of a larger multi country project designed and led by Diji Chandrasekharan Behr (Sr. Natural Resources Specialist, World Bank) on the role of forests for enhancing resilience to climate change (www.profor.info/node/2032). The larger project aims to capture the role of forests in enhancing re- silience to climate change of other sectors. It examines how sustainable management of forests can contribute to strengthen social and physical resilience of systems in other sectors. Using forest and tree management as part of a broader strategy to enhance resilience to climate change could provide a low-cost option for local landscapes while also contributing to balance production, livelihood, adap- tation and mitigation goals. The field data collection and preparation of the case study was done by two teams. The team working on the modelling of climate change scenarios was from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and included Serge Rafanoharana, Bruno Locatelli and Aaron J.M. Russell. Initial data collec- tion and analysis was done staff in CIFOR and CIRAD, specifically Denis Gautier (CIRAD-CIFOR), Maam Suwadu Sakho-Jimbira (CIFOR), Cathérine A. K. Coulibaly Péhou (CIFOR Consultant), and Jean-Paul Laude. A second and final round of data collection and analysis was done by staff in Eco-Consult, spe- cifically Dr. Frank Richter, Marion Mundhenk, Martial Charpin, and Mamadou Lamine Bodin. A draft report was formally reviewed by Hocine Chalal (Lead Environmental Specialist, World Bank) and Loic Braune (Natural Resource Management Specialist, World Bank).
    [Show full text]
  • Violent Communal Conflict in Burkina Faso: a Multi-Level Examination
    VIOLENT COMMUNAL CONFLICT IN BURKINA FASO: A MULTI-LEVEL EXAMINATION By Matthew Fitzrobert Kirwin A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Political Science 2010 ABSTRACT VIOLENT COMMUNAL CONFLICT IN BURKINA FASO: A MULTI-LEVEL EXAMINATION By Matthew Fitzrobert Kirwin This project examines violent communal conflict in rural zones in Burkina Faso, a country otherwise known for its relatively low levels of group violence. The study commences with a systematic cross-case analysis at the village level with the goal of shedding light on the factors that explain variation in levels of violent conflict. The second stage of the study proposes a micro-level examination of the factors that contribute to an individual's approval of and participation in violence. The study is executed by means of a mixed methods approach which combines focus group discussions, ethnographic interviews with individuals and a survey of a randomly sampled representative population in areas that have experienced variation in levels of violent conflict. The micro-level investigation tests whether variation in self-ascribed individual identity, traditional and modern institutional capacity, interpersonal trust and levels of social capital in the form of associational life The study finds that when local institutions responsible for land management are weak or lack capacity the chances for violent conflict between producer groups is enhanced. I extend the analysis through an examination of public opinion data collected in Liberia and query whether or not local institutions also play a role in individual participation in violence. Dedicated to Robert Kirwin iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my dissertation committee of Michael Bratton, Brian Silver, Ravi Bhavnani, and Walter Hawthorne.
    [Show full text]
  • Burkina Faso Ministère Du Commerce, De La Promotion De L’Entreprise Et De L’Artisanat
    et présenté au Burkina Faso Ministère du Commerce, de la Promotion de l’Entreprise et de l’Artisanat Projet d’Appui à la Compétitivité et au Développement de l’Entreprise (PACDE) Résultats de l’étude faisabilité de la zone pilote Rapport préparée par Ouédraogo Sylvestre Yam Pukri Association pour le Développement et la Vulgarisation des Nouvelles Technologies de l’Information aux Jeunes Africains 09 BP 1170 Ouagadougou 9, Burkina Faso Email: [email protected] Le 20 juillet 2005 TABLE DES MATIÈRES REMERCIEMENTS ..........................................................................................................................3 LISTE DES ACRONYMES...............................................................................................................4 1 INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE..................................................................................................5 1.1 OBJECTIFS DE L’ÉTUDE .........................................................................................................5 1.2 MÉTHODOLOGIE UTILISÉE .....................................................................................................5 1.3 CHOIX DES LOCALITÉS D’ÉTUDES...........................................................................................6 1.4 CHOIX DES POPULATIONS À ENQUÊTER ..................................................................................7 1.5 DIFFICULTÉS RENCONTRÉES .................................................................................................8 2 BRÈVE PRÉSENTATION
    [Show full text]