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Vibroacoustic-Catalogue-2.Pdf “An approximate answer to the correct question is preferable, often imprecise than an exact answer to an incorrect question, which can always be as precise as we want.” John W. Tukey Right questions lead to right answers “I do not have to swear allegiance to the words of any teacher.” Horacio The positive thing about a problem with no apparent solution is the pleasure of finding it. “I defend that symbiogenesis is the result of long-term coexistence and that it is the maing source of evolutionary innovation in all lineages of higher nonbacterial organisms.” Lynn Margulis A fluid communication is the basis for a further progress OUR HISTORY OUR HISTORY HISTORY SOLUTIONS TO NOISE AND Ingeniería para el Control del Ruido (ICR) is a com- VIBRATIONS PROBLEM pany located in Barcelona dedicated to solving noi- At ICR, talking about noise is talking about vibra- se and vibrations problems. Founded in 1995 by tions and vice versa, since the vibration of an ele- professionals with more than 20 year of experience in the field of vibro-acoustics, ICR offers recent ment generates noise, and the noise, by making analysis methods for railways, automotive, wind contact about a particular generates vibrations. power, industry and civil engineering sectors. Only one simultaneous study of both phenomena makes it understandable the problem, and makes it The company’s goal has always been to offer the possible to find the solution. right and most efficient solution for each vibro- acoustic problem. To do so, most of ICR efforts ha- ve been focused on R+D, with the objective to de- velop new predictive and analysis methods.This company innovative profile has allowed ICR to take part in numerous highly technological projects, both national and international. In some cases, these projects were focused on a technology transfer from ICR to the main European rolling stock manu- facturers. The company staff is formed by PhD, physicistsand 32 Channel FFT Analyzer engineers. This combined knowledge and experien- ce allows the company to analyze any vibro- acoustic problem from a global and specialized MESUREMENTS IN REAL TIME point of view. The result is always a good diagnostic ICR has up to 112 channels to measure noise and of the noise and vibration problem and the proposal vibrations simultaneously, with the required acce- of the best solution. lerometers and microphones. OPTIMAL COMBINATION THEORY All these elements analyse the signal according to AND ESSAYS the frequency and in real time — they can analyse spectra, transfer functions, coherence... Over many years of developing and applying its own methods, ICR has always stressed the impor- The simultaneous control of a large number of tance of including real-world essays in its studies. measuring points makes it possible to carry out the The reason for this is that experimentation makes it necessary essays efficiently to diagnose the solu- possible to grasp reality by getting to know the pro- tions of real vibroacoustic problems. blems addressed, while the theory makes it possi- ble to understand the reality captured and thus es- On the other hand, the company's daily work invol- tablish modifications that are effective. It is for this ves having a large number of technical instruments reason that the most important investments of the such as sound level meters, microphones, accelero- company are made, on the one hand, in technology meters, spectrum analyzers, etc., in order to be able to always have the most advanced methodology, to carry out all projects, whether large or small. and on the other hand, in continuous training of its personnel. SECTORS SECTORS RAILWAY ICR has achieved an important position in the railway acoustic engineering sector in the last deca- de, thanks to its prediction techniques, based on real measurements and the application of the com- pany’s own theoretical methods. The company is able to measure air-borne noise and structural noise, including the contribution of forces (Transfer Path Analysis) and the quantifica- Contribution Graphic tion of the paths followed by noise and vibrations (Advanced Transfer Path Analysis). As a result of the accumulated experience, ICR has the latest knowledge and resour- ICR’s clients will be able to know exactly how much ces for this sector. noise is made by each element of the train, for exa- mple, the noise received from each point of attach- ment, the air conditioning, the auxiliary systems, etc. Based on these studies, ICR carries out other types of jobs in the railway sector—some of them are This way, the manufacturer can decide, with the specific to the sector, like the treatment of “squeal information available, whether to change the an- noise”. Others, however, have a more generic appli- choring methods and establish priorities for future cation, like the environmental impact analysis, mo- modifications. For this, the company uses exact dal analysis, theoretical numerical models of the numerical criteria from the results that can be ob- train, etc. tained from each modification. Thanks to the company’s wide experience in this The knowledge of these contributions does not only market, it is able to solve any vibroacoustic pro- establish priorities for modifications—in some ca- blems. ses it can reduce costs because after each test, ICR evaluates improvements with its own software for a new design and defines the necessary changes to fulfil the required objectives. The full acoustic model of a train enables clients to see the effect produced by any modifications on the design. Experimental setup SECTORS WIND POWER Wind farm are gradually being built closer to built- up areas and the noise they produce is starting to be an essential factor in their feasibility. In order to establish this feasibility in terms of acoustic impact on the environment, ICR carries out a comprehensi- ve study to make sure that regulations are com- plied with. It also develops more specific and larger projects in the design stage of wind turbines, with the aim of obtaining real predictions for the future vibroacous- tic performance or the mechanism. Training is so another very important service in the wind power sector. ICR gives very specific courses to companies that manufacture wind-driven turbi- nes, with a syllabus that is adapted to the sector and introduced concepts on acoustics and its rela- tion with current legislation. ICR works on the acoustic viability from the design phase of the aerogen-router to the en- vironmental control of the park. Sound power measurement according to IEC 61400 part 11 Environmental impact study of the wind farm SECTORS BUILDING People’s peace and quiet is often disturb by different problems — entertainment, fairs, bars, discos, etc. To avoid this problem, current legislation establishes the maximum immission level allowed for every activity depending on the area, as well as the insulation values for each type of activity. Noise prediction radiated by equipments ICR offers a wide range of engineering services and Taking this into account, ICR mainly develops two vibroacoustic consultancy service focused on the types of studies: sector of architecture and building, namely: • The objective of the first study is to assess and • Functional building solutions prevent the noise level generated by the • Insulation calculation activities outside. This type of analysis is carried • Acoustic and vibration measurements out especially at discos, fairs, ecreational centres, • Control and monitoring works etc. • Acoustic conditioning and insulation design • Acoustic and vibratory impact study • The second one studies the transmission paths of noise and vibrations inside a building. The Finally, we have to mention that ICR has develo- aim of these projects is to assess the sound ped new systems to identify the source of noise insulation between the affected buildings. and vibrations in buildings, using model inversion and other methods like TPA. The company also carries out comprehensive interior acoustics projects (geometry, absorption, diffusion) in the field of audiovisuals—installing a sound system, mixing and recording systems, and control or design of new and quieter recreational SPECIAL BUILDINGS centres. In the building sector, the company takes part in special and very complex projects, in which it eva- luates the future influence of environmental vibra- tions in buildings where the maximum vibration level is very restricted. This study is carried out firstly by calculating the environmental vibrations that may affect the insta- llations, and secondly, by characterising the terrain with the SASW method (Spectral Analysis of Surfa- ce Waves). The data obtained is used to create a finite element model of the terrain and the building. Improving the insulation of a discotheque SECTORS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT The concern for noise impact created by the new high-speed train tracks is no longer a secondary factor when planning infrastructures. ICR carries out environmental projects to predict noise and vibrations with a methodology based generally on the combination of the calculation of Acoustic impact caused by the train circulation in Girona noise prediction with acoustic measurements. ICR believes that measuring properly will lead to a good vibroacoustic characterisation of the terrain, and therefore, to a good numerical model. The company also has the best calculation tools, such as CADNA A and SOUNDPLAN, which enables us to obtain highly reliable results for our most de- manding clients. Acoustic impact by road traffic in Ronda de Dalt (Barcelona) Noise predictions for trains and road traffic are cu- rrently regulated by European standards, which are ICR carries out daily projects and im- integrated into the company’s calculation procedures. pact assessment measures in new routes of reel-rails and railway lines AUTOMOTIVE Our work in the car industry ranges from experi- mental studies on the transmission paths of noise and vibrations, to the creation of theoretical models to predict the noise of traffic.
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