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The Airport of Madrid Barajas (MAD)

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The Airport of Madrid Barajas (MAD) PROJECTE O TESINA D’ESPECIALITAT Títol The connection of Madrid – Barajas airport to the high-speed rail network Autor/a Rafael Amador Guerrero Tutor/a Dr. Andrés López Pita Departament Infraestructura, Transport i Territori Intensificació Ferrocarrils Data Juliol, 2014 THE CONNECTION OF MADRID- BARAJAS AIRPORT TO THE HIGH- SPEED RAIL NETWORK Minor thesis Civil Engineering July, 2014 Author: Rafael Amador Guerrero Tutor: Dr. Andrés López Pita Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech) Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria de Camins, Canals i Ports Departament d’Infraestructura, Transport i Territori Abstract The practices of the air-rail intermodality in Europe, specifically for high-speed railway, started in 1994 with the connection of Paris-CDG airport. In the following years it developed a remarkable expansion around other different European hub airports. The implementation in Spanish airports, though, has not been initiated due to unproductive political discussion of its suitability. This paper analyses the reasons behind the execution of a rail-air intermodal connection in the airport hub, Madrid-Barajas (MAD), and the factors contributing to stimulate this transit link, including significant similarities to other paradigmatic cases, like in CDG or FRA airports. Providing extensive representation of different examples of intermodality in Europe, identifying the essential characteristics of MAD airport, and detailing the high-speed network in Spain (and Madrid) will support to distinguish the motives of this air-rail link proposal. The characterisation also includes a description of its specific determinants to technically and functionally accomplish an intermodal node, such as the location, the current air-rail interaction or the possibilities of complementarity/connectivity between the air transport and the rail network. After detailing the interest of the airport connection, the process continues defining how to specify the connection to the actual terminals. The determination and analysis of different corridor alternatives according to the location of MAD airport in relation to the surrounding high-speed lines is one of the key aspects reflected in this paper. The main goal to pursue during this analysis is developing a study of the feasibility of a new rail infrastructure connecting to the existing intermodal station of terminal T4. The technical viability and the functional enhancement of the connectivity are, both, the most significant attributes to apply in the planning methodology. The definition of the corridors to link up the high-speed lines with the air terminal facilities is also associated with the general infrastructure characteristics, like the line length or the reference speeds, highly influenced by the urban constraints. The economic point of view complemented with an estimation of the intermodal traffic, provides an assessment of the viability of each alternative in relation to the potential demand using the airport high-speed station. The study is completed with some recommendations towards a beneficial intermodality integration and supply, comprising the creation of an intermodal product, similar to TGVAir or AiRail, and the factors to be contemplated by transport operators and other policy managers. The physical specification of an efficient intermodal interface in terminal T4, plus several measures for the enhancement of the intermodality conclude the feasibility study of the connection of MAD airport to the high-speed network. KEYWORDS: intermodality, Madrid-Barajas airport, high-speed rail, airport connection, feasibility, integration, connectivity, transport complementarity 1 Resumen ejecutivo Los precedentes de la intermodalidad entre el transporte aéreo y la alta velocidad ferroviaria se iniciaron en 1994 con la conexión aeroportuaria en Paris-CDG. En años posteriores se ha desarrollado una clara apuesta en diferentes aeropuertos ‘hub’ europeos. En cambio, la implementación en España no ha sido posible para ninguno de los aeropuertos del país, después de infructuosas discusiones políticas sobre su idoneidad. Esta tesis analiza las razones para ejecutar la conexión ‘hub’ aéreo de Madrid-Barajas a la alta velocidad ferroviaria y aquellos factores que contribuirían a materializar esta conexión, en condiciones similares a otros paradigmas, como las de aeropuertos CDG o FRA. La introducción de una extensa representación de los diferentes ejemplos en Europa, la caracterización del aeropuerto de Madrid y de la alta velocidad en España (y en Madrid) contribuirá a discernir los motivos del proyecto de una conexión aéreo-ferroviaria. A su vez, se incluirá una descripción de sus condicionantes, tanto técnicos como funcionales, para construir un nodo intermodal, como la localización, la interacción actual entre los modos o las posibilidades de complementariedad/ conectividad entre el transporte aéreo y la red ferroviaria. Una vez detallado el razonamiento de la utilidad de la conexión, el desarrollo continúa con la concreción de la conexión a las terminales. La identificación y el análisis de las diferentes alternativas de corredores, en relación a la localización del aeropuerto de Madrid respecto a las líneas de alta velocidad, es uno de los mayores aspectos reflejados en este estudio. La principal pretensión en la presente memoria es desarrollar el estudio de viabilidad de la conexión de la infraestructura ferroviaria a la existente terminal intermodal en la terminal T4 en MAD. Ambas la viabilidad técnica y la mejora funcional de la conectividad son los atributos más significativos a considerar durante esta planificación. La definición de los corredores de unión de las líneas de ferrocarril a las instalaciones aeroportuarias va del mismo modo asociada a la caracterización general de la infraestructura, con atributos como la longitud de línea o las velocidades de referencia, altamente afectadas por las restricciones en el ámbito urbano. El punto de vista económico complementado con una estimación del tráfico intermodal ofrece una evaluación de la viabilidad en la construcción de las variantes en relación con la demanda potencial de usuarios de la estación ferroviaria en el aeropuerto. El estudio se complementa con una serie de recomendaciones en dirección hacia una integración de modos y un servicio intermodal adecuados, contemplando la creación de un producto intermodal, como TGVAir o AiRail, y otros factores a considerar por los operadores del transporte y otros gestores. La definición física de una interfaz intermodal eficaz en la terminal T4 en conjunto a una serie de medidas para el estímulo intermodal completa la posibilidad de la conexión de la red de alta velocidad con MAD. PALABRAS CLAVE: intermodalidad, aeropuerto Madrid-Barajas, alta velocidad ferroviaria, conexión aeroportuaria, viabilidad, integración, conectividad, complementariedad del transporte 2 Acknowledgments This minor thesis is the result of the research and determination of a particular point of view of the passengers’ intermodality between the railway and the air transport. My high level of interest in the transportation field, especially in railway systems, has been decisive for accomplishing such a study. The result has carried out a development for 6 months between late 2013 and early 2014. The final thesis has been especially possible thanks to the guidelines and experience of my tutor Dr. Andrés López Pita, professor of railways at ETSCCPB, who came up with the core idea of the study. I would also like to show my gratitude to all the people who has supported and encouraged me in the meantime, particularly my family and friends. Rafael Amador June, 2014 3 Table of contents List of figures ............................................................................................................................... 8 List of tables ............................................................................................................................... 12 List of airport acronyms (IATA code) ........................................................................................ 13 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 15 1. - High-speed and intermodality............................................................................................. 17 1.1. - The meaning of high-speed .................................................................................. 17 1.2. - From intermodality to co-modality....................................................................... 18 1.3. - The role of interconnectivity ................................................................................ 19 1.4. - The scenarios in the air-rail interaction ................................................................ 19 2. - High-speed rail-air connections in Europe .......................................................................... 21 2.1. - The interaction between airports and the high-speed rail in Europe ................... 21 2.2. - France ................................................................................................................... 24 2.2.1. - Paris - Charles de Gaulle airport (CDG) ................................................. 25 2.2.1.1. - From the first project to the TGV Interconnection East line.. 25 2.2.1.2. - The situation today ............................................................... 27 2.2.2. - Lyon - Saint Exupéry airport (LYS) ........................................................
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