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Bioacoustics: the International Journal of Animal See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273764153 Unravelling the calls of discrete hunters: Acoustic structure of echolocation calls of furipterid bats (Chiroptera, Furipteridae) Article in Bioacoustics · February 2015 DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2015.1017840 CITATIONS READS 11 409 5 authors, including: Fábio C Falcão Joaquín Ugarte-Núñez Universidade Federal da Bahia Knight Piésold Consultores S.A. Perú 15 PUBLICATIONS 163 CITATIONS 21 PUBLICATIONS 103 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Deborah Faria Christini B Caselli Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco 127 PUBLICATIONS 2,948 CITATIONS 29 PUBLICATIONS 246 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Effect of regional and landscape patterns on biodiversity in fragmented tropical forests View project Planting of rubber trees in southern Bahia: potential top-down control of herbivory by birds and bats and the influence of landscape context on herbivore predation patterns View project All content following this page was uploaded by Fábio C Falcão on 19 March 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. This article was downloaded by: [Universite Laval] On: 03 March 2015, At: 12:44 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Bioacoustics: The International Journal of Animal Sound and its Recording Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tbio20 Unravelling the calls of discrete hunters: acoustic structure of echolocation calls of furipterid bats (Chiroptera, Furipteridae) Fábio Falcãoa, Joaquín A. Ugarte-Núñezb, Deborah Fariaac & Christini B. Casellic a Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Geremoabo, 147, Ondina, 40170-290, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil b Click for updates Knight Piésold Consulting, Av. Ejercito No 710, Piso 11, Of. 1105, 5154, Arequipa, Peru c Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45650-000, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil Published online: 03 Mar 2015. To cite this article: Fábio Falcão, Joaquín A. Ugarte-Núñez, Deborah Faria & Christini B. Caselli (2015): Unravelling the calls of discrete hunters: acoustic structure of echolocation calls of furipterid bats (Chiroptera, Furipteridae), Bioacoustics: The International Journal of Animal Sound and its Recording To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2015.1017840 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms- and-conditions Downloaded by [Universite Laval] at 12:44 03 March 2015 Bioacoustics, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2015.1017840 Unravelling the calls of discrete hunters: acoustic structure of echolocation calls of furipterid bats (Chiroptera, Furipteridae) Fa´bio Falca˜oa*, Joaquı´n A. Ugarte-Nu´n˜ezb, Deborah Fariaa,c and Christini B. Casellic aInstituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Bara˜o de Geremoabo, 147, Ondina, 40170-290, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; bKnight Pie´sold Consulting, Av. Ejercito No 710, Piso 11, Of. 1105, 5154, Arequipa, Peru; cDepartamento de Cieˆncias Biolo´gicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Ilhe´us-Itabuna, Km 16, 45650-000, Ilhe´us, Bahia, Brazil (Received 19 November 2014; accepted 8 February 2015) Detailed descriptions of echolocation calls for most of the Neotropical bat species have been published only recently. Yet, the available descriptions are from bats that emit high-intensity calls. The families of insectivorous bats that emit low-intensity calls, such as Furipteridae, are less frequently recorded by more traditional equipment; thus, there are no detailed descriptions of echolocation calls for these species. The family Furipteridae includes only two species of small insectivorous bats from Neotropics, the thumbless bat Furipterus horrens and the smoky bat Amorphochilus schnablii. The ecology, behaviour and even the natural history of both species are barely known. In order to contribute to the description of echolocation calls of Neotropical bat species and to the knowledge of these two poorly known species, here we describe in more detail the echolocation calls of furipterids. Thumbless bats were recorded from two colonies, one located in south-western Bahia, Brazil, and another located in the Amazon forest of Matoury, French Guyana, whereas the smoky bats were recorded in the Pacific coast of Arequipa, south-western Peru. Echolocation calls of both species were characterized by pulses of downward broadband frequency-modulated sweeps of short duration. Our results show that the ultrasound calls emitted by thumbless bats is one of the highest in frequency among Neotropical bats. This detailed characterization of furipterid calls and their distinct features, like very high frequencies and wide bandwidth, making it relatively easy to identify, aids in the inclusion of these species in acoustic surveys and monitoring. Keywords: acoustic analysis; sound analysis; smoky bats; thumbless bats; ultrasound Downloaded by [Universite Laval] at 12:44 03 March 2015 1. Introduction The Furipteridae is a family of small insectivorous bats from the Neotropics, composed of only two species, the thumbless bat Furipterus horrens and the smoky bat Amorphochilus schnablii. These two species differ in the head and body length (smaller in the thumbless bats) and in the presence of a conspicuous wart-like outgrowth on the muzzle and lips of the smoky bats (Nowak 1994). The thumbless bats occur from Costa Rica to southern Brazil and use specific microhabitats for roosting, such as caves, tree holes and fallen trees, in which they can roost inside or over it (Uieda et al. 1980; Simmons and Voss 1998). In Brazil, the colonies of these bats can vary in size from a single animal (Simmons and Voss 1998) to large colonies around 300 individuals, such as the one reported in a culvert in Ecuador (Uieda et al. 1980; Nowak 1994). The smoky bats occur in the island Puna´,in Ecuador, with sparse records along a strip of coastline from Peru to the northern Chile *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] q 2015 Taylor & Francis 2 F. Falca˜o et al. (Ibanez 1985). The ecology, behaviour and even the natural history of both species are barely known. Our poor knowledge about furipterids could be largely assigned to methodological limitations usually faced in researches involving insectivorous bats. The traditional and widely applied survey and monitoring sampling techniques through capture using mist net are shown to be ineffective for insectivore species (Kunz and Kurta 1988), which can detect and avoid these nets due to their highly specialized echolocation system (O’Farrell et al. 1999; Kalko et al. 2008). By contrast, the acoustic sampling using bat calls detectors proved a feasible and promising technique to detect insectivorous bats (Fenton 1984; MacSwiney et al. 2008), although the use of such technique depends on a first and important step: the adequate characterization of a species’ echolocation calls. Detailed descriptions of echolocation calls for most of Neotropical bat species have been published only recently (Rydell et al. 2002). The available descriptions are from bats that emit high-intensity calls, such as the species of the families Emballonuridae, Vespertilionidae, Mormoopidae and Molossidae (O’Farrel and Miller 1997; Rydell et al. 2002; Jung et al. 2007; Jung et al. 2014). The remaining families of insectivorous bats (Thyropteridae, Natalidae and Furipteridae) emit low-intensity calls, which are more difficult to be detected and thus recorded less often by more traditional equipment (Miller 2002; Fenton 2013). For F. horrens, there is no detailed description of its echolocation calls, although some information about its frequency range has been published for bats of French Guiana (Barataud et al. 2013) and south-east Brazil (Fenton et al. 1999). Yet, the available description of F. horrens calls from Brazil were based on recordings made by equipment that only allows frequency division and zero-crossing analysis, with limited capacity of capturing all information
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