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Myzopodidae: Chiroptera) from Western Madagascar

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Myzopodidae: Chiroptera) from Western Madagascar ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.de/mambio Original investigation The description of a new species of Myzopoda (Myzopodidae: Chiroptera) from western Madagascar By S.M. Goodman, F. Rakotondraparany and A. Kofoky Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA and WWF, Antananarivo, De´partement de Biologie Animale, Universite´ d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagasikara Voakajy, Antananarivo, Madagascar Receipt of Ms. 6.2.2006 Acceptance of Ms. 2.8.2006 Abstract A new species of Myzopoda (Myzopodidae), an endemic family to Madagascar that was previously considered to be monospecific, is described. This new species, M. schliemanni, occurs in the dry western forests of the island and is notably different in pelage coloration, external measurements and cranial characters from M. aurita, the previously described species, from the humid eastern forests. Aspects of the biogeography of Myzopoda and its apparent close association with the plant Ravenala madagascariensis (Family Strelitziaceae) are discussed in light of possible speciation mechanisms that gave rise to eastern and western species. r 2006 Deutsche Gesellschaft fu¨r Sa¨ugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Key words: Myzopoda, Madagascar, new species, biogeography Introduction Recent research on the mammal fauna of speciation molecular studies have been very Madagascar has and continues to reveal informative to resolve questions of species remarkable discoveries. A considerable num- limits (e.g., Olson et al. 2004; Yoder et al. ber of new small mammal and primate 2005). The bat fauna of the island is no species have been described in recent years exception – until a decade ago these animals (Goodman et al. 2003), and numerous remained largely under studied and ongoing other mammals, known to taxonomists, surveys and taxonomic work have revealed await formal description. Much of this that they may be something on the order of recent information is based on renewed 30% richer in species than noted in the most interest in biological inventories of recent treatment of this group (Peterson et al. the remaining forested zones of the island 1995). As with other mammals, in certain and the associated systematic studies of cases new species of bats are immediately specimens obtained during these surveys. In recognizable (e.g., Goodman and Cardiff some cases these animals can be recognized 2004) and in other cases molecular tools help as new to science when first handled in the in defining species limits (Goodman et al. field by specialists, while in cases of cryptic 2006). 1616-5047/$ - see front matter r 2006 Deutsche Gesellschaft fu¨r Sa¨ugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2006.08.001 Mamm. biol. ] (]]]]) ] Á ]]]–]]] Please cite this article as: S.M. Goodman et al., The description of a new species of Myzopoda (Myzopodidae: Chiroptera) from western..., Mamm. biol. (2006), doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2006.08.001 ARTICLE IN PRESS 2 S.M. Goodman et al. The chiropteran family Myzopodidae is Material and methods endemic to Madagascar and as currently understood is monospecific, represented by In order to examine patterns of morphological Myzopoda aurita (Milne-Edwards and variation in Myzopoda we have consulted specimens Grandidier, 1878). After the creation of housed in several natural history museums. The the Myzopodidae for this species (Thomas acronyms of these institutions are: AMNH – 1904), it was proposed, based on morpholo- American Museum of Natural History, New York; BMNH – The Natural History Museum, London gical grounds, to be part of the Vespertilio- (formerly The British Museum [Natural History]); noidea, which included the families FMNH – Field Museum of Natural History, Natalidae, Furipteridae, Thyropteridae, Chicago; MNHN – Muse´um national d’Histoire Vespertilionidae, Mystacinidae and Molossi- naturelle, Paris; PBZT – Parc Botanique et Zoolo- dae (Koopman 1994). More recently, gique de Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo; RMNH – using molecular studies, the Myzopodidae Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Histoire, Leiden; has been placed in the Noctilionoidea (Teel- UADBA – Universite´d’Antananarivo, De´parte- ing et al. 2005), which also comprises the ment de Biologie Animale, Antananarivo; UADP – Furipteridae, Thyropteridae, Mystacinidae, Universite´d’Antananarivo, De´partement de Pale´on- Noctilionidae, Mormoopidae and Phyllosto- tologie, Antananarivo; USNM – National Museum of Natural History (formerly United States National midae. Only two families of bats in the world Museum of Natural History), Washington, DC, are currently considered monospecific (Sim- ZMB – Museum fu¨r Naturkunde, Humboldt mons 2005): the Craseonycteridae and the Universita¨t zu Berlin [formerly Zoologisches Mu- Myzopodidae. seum], Berlin; and ZMH – Zoologisches Museum With regard to Myzopoda, Thomas (1904) Hamburg, Hamburg. A list of Myzopoda specimens referred to it as ‘‘exceedingly rare and used in this study is presented as Table 1. remarkable’’, the latter point certainly asso- We recorded five external measurements in milli- ciated with the large flat adhesive organs, or meters using a ruler from collected specimens before suckers, attached to the thumb and hind foot; preparation. These included: total length, tail length, hind foot length (not including claw), ear length and hence its vernacular name sucker-footed bat. forearm length. Further, we measured body mass in These structures have been the subject of grams using a spring balance. For certain specimens detailed morphological studies (Schliemann these data were obtained directly from museum 1970, 1971). labels or field catalogues, and in other cases they Until about 15 years ago few observations or were measured from liquid preserved specimens. specimens were available of Myzopoda. How- SMG also took 10 wing and two foot measurements ever, on the basis of recent field surveys it has using a dial callipers from liquid preserved speci- been recorded at a variety of sites in the mens: 3rd digit – metacarpal, 3rd digit – 1st phalanx, eastern humid forests of Madagascar (Schlie- 3rd digit – 2nd phalanx, 3rd digit – 3rd phalanx, 4th mann and Goodman 2003; Fig. 1). There was digit – metacarpal, 4th digit – 1st phalanx, 4th digit – 2nd phalanx, 5th digit – metacarpal, 5th digit – 1st one previously collected specimen from Ma- phalanx, 5th digit – 2nd phalanx, tibia and calcar. hajanga, on the dry western side of the island Seven cranial or mandibular and four dental (Schliemann and Maas 1978), which measurements were made by SMG using digital indicated that the ecological breadth of this calipers, accurate to the nearest 0.1 mm: occipito- genus was greater than previously recog- nasal length, from occipital condyles to anterior- nized. Over the past few years we have most point of nasal bone; greatest zygomatic captured individuals of Myzopoda at three breadth, width taken across zygomatic arches at different localities in the west. These animals the widest point; interorbital breadth, dorsal width are notably different in pelage coloration at most constricted part of skull; mastoid width, greatest width across skull at mastoid processes; than those of the east, which lead us to greatest braincase width, breadth at widest portion investigate their taxonomic status. Using of braincase; lacrimal width, greatest width across data on external, cranial and dental mor- rostrum at lacrimal projections; anterior palatal phology we are able to document that the width (C1–C1), taken across the outer alveolar western population of Myzopoda is different borders of the upper canines; maxillary toothrow than that of the east, and it is described (C1–M3), length from anterior alveolar border of herein as a new species. upper canine to posterior alveolar border of the Please cite this article as: S.M. Goodman et al., The description of a new species of Myzopoda (Myzopodidae: Chiroptera) from western..., Mamm. biol. (2006), doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2006.08.001 ARTICLE IN PRESS A new species of Myzopoda 3 Fig. 1. Map of Madagascar, showing the sites specimens of Myzopoda spp. are known from and used in this study. The grey shading represents portions of the island over 1000 m in elevation. The general limits of the Central and Northern Highlands are noted. (Map prepared by Lucienne Wilme´.) third upper molar; upper molariform toothrow, Results length from anterior alveolar border of PM3 to posterior alveolar border of M3; width M3, greatest lateral-medial width of tooth; and mandible length, Using information from morphological ana- from the posterior-most portion of the condyles to lyses we can demonstrate that the popula- anterior-most point of lower incisors. tions of Myzopoda inhabiting the western Please cite this article as: S.M. Goodman et al., The description of a new species of Myzopoda (Myzopodidae: Chiroptera) from western..., Mamm. biol. (2006), doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2006.08.001 ARTICLE IN PRESS 4 S.M. Goodman et al. Table 1. List of Myzopoda specimens examined (see Material and methods for a listing of museum acronyms). Specimens of Myzopoda aurita Province de Fianarantsoa: Andrambovato (USNM 449282); Ifanadiana (USNM 449315); Kianjavato (AMNH 257130; FMNH 185227; UADP 226; USNM 448886, 448929, 448930, 448931, 448932, 449283, 449285); Mananjary (MNHN 1907.618) Province de Toamasina: Ambodivoangy (MNHN 1985.434), Andasibe (FMNH 184490); Foulpointe (FMNH 183990); Mahambo (RMNH 26117); Mananara (ZMB 5866); Maroantsetra (MNHN 1985.654); Tampolo (FMNH 165454, 179203, 179204, 179273),‘‘Tamatave’’ ½¼ Toamasina
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