Units of Weight and Measure
(United States Customary and Metric)
Definitions and Tables of Equivalents
United States Department of Commerce National Bureau of Standards
Miscellaneous Publication 233 THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
Functions and Activities
The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act
of Congress, March 3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials, devices, and structures; advisory services to government agencies on scientific and technical problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and various consultation and information services. Research projects are also performed for other government agencies when the work relates to and supplements the basic program of the Bureau or when the Bureau's unique competence is required.
The scope of activities is suggested by the fisting of divisions and sections on the inside of the back cover.
Publications
The results of the Bureau's work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or published papers. These papers appear either in the Bureau's own series of publications or in the journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three periodicals available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, published in four separate sections, presents complete scientific and technical papers; the Technical News Bulletin presents summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Predictions provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout the world. There are also five series of nonperiodical publications: Monographs, Applied Mathematics Series, Handbooks, Miscellaneous Publica- tions, and Technical Notes. Information on the Bureau's publications can be found in NBS Circular 460, Publications of the National Bureau of Standards ($1.25) and its Supplement ($1.50), available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Errata to accompany National Bureau of Standards Miscellaneous Publication 233, Units of Weight and Measure- -Definitions and Tables of Equivalents
Page 8, Section 6. 2. Equivalent of 1 square rod is 272. 25 square feet.
Page 10, Section 6.6. Equivalent of 1 apothecary or troy pound is 5, 760 grains. Equivalent of 1 kilogram is 15 432. 36 grains.
Page 10, Section 6.7. Correct spelling: Avoirdupois (3 instances).
Page 17, Section 8. 5. Correct to read:
Velocity 1 foot per second = 0. 3048 meter per second 1 foot per second = 0. 3048 x 60 meter per minute
1 f + • + 0. 3048 , 1 ioot per minute = meters per second 60 (See appropriate length conversion tables)
Acceleration f 1 foot per second per second = 0. 3048 meter per second per second 1 foot per second per second = 0. 3048 x 60 x 60 meter per minute per minute
1 foot per minute per minute = me* ers er second per second gQ x^6 0 P (See appropriate length conversion tables)
December 18, 1961
USCOMM-NBS-DC
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE • Frederick H. Mueller, Secretary
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS • A. V. Astin, Director
Units of Weight and Measure
(United States Customary and Metric)
Definitions and Tables of Equivalents
National Bureau of Standards Miscellaneous Publication 233
Issued December 20, 1960
(Supersedes Miscellaneous Publication 214)
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.
Price 40 cents CONTENTS Page
1. Introduction 1 2. Fundamental equivalents 3 3. Definitions of units 3 3.1 Length 3 3.2 Area 4 3.3. Volume 5 3.4. Capacity 5 3.5. Mass 6 4. Units and standards 6 5. Spelling and abbreviation of units 7 5.1. List of the most common units of weight and measure and their abbreviations 7
6. Tables of interrelation of units of measurement 8 6.1. Length 8 6.2. Area 8 6.3. Volume 8 6.4. Capacity—Liquid measure 8 6.5. Capacity—Dry measure 10 6.6. Mass—Not greater than pounds and kilograms 10 6.7. Mass—Not less than avoirdupois ounces 10 7. Comparison of metric and customary units from 1 to 9 12 7.1. Length 12 7.2. Area 12
7.3. Volume . 12 7.4. Capacity—Liquid measure 13 7.5. Capacity—Dry measure 13 7.6. Mass 13 7.7. Comparison of the various tons and pounds in use in the United States (from 1 to 9
units) . 14
8. Special tables 15 8.1. Length—Inches and millimeters—equivalents of decimal and binary fractions of an inch, in millimeters, from jfe to 1 inch 15 8.2. Length—Hundredths of an inch to millimeters, from 1 to 99 hundredths 15 8.3. Length—Millimeters to decimals of an inch, from 1 to 99 units 15 8.4. Length—International nautical miles and kilometers 16 8.5. Compound units 17 8.6. Length—Inches to millimeters 18 8.7. Length—Millimeters to inches 22 9. Tables of equivalents from 1 to 999 units 28 9.1. Length—Feet to meters 28 9.2. Length—Meters to feet 30 9.3. Length—Yards to meters 32 9.4. Length—Meters to yards 34 9.5. Length—Miles to kilometers 36 9.6. Length—Kilometers to miles 38 9.7. Area—Acres to hectares 40 9.8. Area—Hectares to acres 42 9.9. Volume—Cubic yards to cubic meters 44 9.10. Volume—Cubic meters to cubic yards 46 9.11. Capacity—Liquid quarts to liters 48 9.12. Capacity—Liters to liquid quarts 50 9.13. Capacity—Gallons to liters 52 9.14. Capacity—Liters to gallons 54 9.15. Mass—Avoirdupois pounds to kilograms 56 9.16. Mass—Kilograms to avoirdupois pounds 58 10. Index 60 :
Units of Weight and Measure
(United States Customary and Metric) Definitions and Tables of Equivalents
L. V. Judson
The units of length, area, volume, capacity, and mass in the United States are defined. Tables of interrelation and tables of equivalents for these units in the metric system and in the U.S. customary system are given. All values in the text and in the tables have been revised to be in accord with the Federal Register
announcement of July 1, 1959, an announcement entitled "Refinement of Values for the Yard and Pound" in accordance with an agreement among the directors of National Standards Laboratories of English-speaking nations to obtain uniformity in precise measurements involving the yard and the pound. The long tables were all recomputed on an automatic computer and printer. Material on the status of the metric system in the United States was deleted as not being germane to the the main purpose of the publication. The tables showing interr- elation (1 to 999 units) between bushels and hectoliters were deleted. A more complete table (0.01 to 19.99 units) showing equivalents of inches in millimeters
has been added. This is a revision of Miscellaneous Publications 214.
1. INTRODUCTION
This publication supersedes National Bureau of Standards Miscellaneous Publication 214, issued in 1955. Refinements in the definition of U.S. customary units of length and mass that became effective July 1, 1959 made it desirable to prepare a new publication giving these revised definitions and the revised tables of equivalents based on them. Two tables that were probably very little used were deleted and several new tables were added. In the construction of the tables in this publication, when the fundamental relation of the units furnished directly a reduction factor for use in determining the multiples of the units, this factor was used in its fundamental form, as for example, that 1 yard = 0.9144 meter. Reduction factors which it was necessary to obtain, however, by multiplication, division, powers, or roots, etc., of the fundamental relations were usually carried out to a greater degree of accuracy than that to which it is usually possible to make measurements, for convenience in computing the multiples to the accuracy desired. When the tables do not give the equivalent of any desired quantity directly and com- pletely, the equivalent can usually be obtained, without the necessity of making a multipli- cation of these reduction factors, by using quantities from several tables, making a shift of decimal points, if necessary, and merely adding the results. Thus, if the equivalent of 24 751 feet, 7% inches is required, one proceeds as follows
24 700 feet = 100X247 feet = 7 528.560 meter (page 28) 51 feet= 15.545 meter (page 29) 7 inches = 177.8 millimeters = 0.178 meter (page 12) % inch = 19.050 millimeters = 0.019 meter (page 15)
24 751 feet, 1% inches = 7 544.302 meter
The supplementary metric units are formed by combining the words "meter", "gram", and "liter" with numerical prefixes, as in the following table:
1 Prefixes Meaning Units
1 pico- one trillionth 0. 000 000 000 001 1 000 000 000 000
1 nano- one billionth 0 000 000 001 1 000 000 000
1 micro- = one millionth 0 000 001 1 000 000
1 milli- —one thousandth 0 001 1 000
1 centi- =one hundredth 0 01 100
1 Hppi- =znYip fpnih 0 1 "meter" for length 10
Unit = one 1
10 deka- —ten 10 "gram" for weight 1 or mass.
100 hecto- —one hundred 100 1
1 000 kilo- =one thousand 1 000 "liter" for capacity 1
1 000 000 mega- = one million 1 000 000 1
1 000 000 000 giga- =one billion 1 000 000 000 1
1 000 000 000 000 tera- =one trillion 1 000 000 000 000 1
Not all of the 36 possible combinations of the above prefixes and units are in common use; for example the dekameter and the hectometer are seldom found except in text books. The first two and the last two of these prefixes are of recent origin. The word "micron" is usually used instead of "micrometer". All lengths, areas, and cubic measures in the following tables are derived from the inter- national meter, the basic relation between units of the United States customary and the metric systems being:
1 U.S. yard = 0.9144 meter.
Any data expressed in feet derived from and published as a result of geodetic surveys within the United States will continue to bear the following relationship as defined in 1893:
1200 1 ioot = meter. 3937
The foot unit defined by this equation is referred to as the U.S. Survey Foot. No tables involving this unit are included in this publication.
1 All capacities are based on the equivalent 1 liter equals 1.000 028 cubic decimeters. The
decimeter is equal to approximately 3.937 007 9 inches in accordance with the legal equiva- lent of the yard given above. The gallon referred to in the tables is the United States gallon
1 Formerly this relation was given as 1 liter =1.000 027 cubic decimeters. See Guillaume, La Creation du Bureau International des Poids et Mesure et son Oeuvre, Paris, 1927, pages 256 to 258, for reasons for the change.
2 of 231 cubic inches. The bushel is the United States bushel of 2 150.42 cubic inches. These units must not be confused with the British units of the same name which differ from those used in the United States. The British gallon (277.42 cubic inches) is approximately 20 percent larger, and the British bushel (2 219.36 cubic inches) is 3 percent larger than the corresponding units used in this country. All weights are derived from the International Kilogram, as authorized in the Menden- 2 hall Order of April 5, 1893. The relation used is 1 avoirdupois pound = 453.592 37 grams. 3
2. FUNDAMENTAL EQUIVALENTS
In its original conception the meter was the fundamental unit of the metric system, and all units of length and capacity were to be derived directly from the meter which was in- tended to be equal to one ten-millionth of the earth's quandrant. Furthermore, it was originally planned that the unit of mass, the kilogram, should be identical with the mass of a cubic decimeter of water at its maximum density. At present, however, the units of length and mass are defined independently of these conceptions.
In October 1960, it was agreed at the Eleventh General (International) Conference on Weights and Measures to redefine the meter in terms of the wavelength of the orange-red radiation in vacuum of krypton 86 corresponding to the unperturbed transition between the 2p i0 and 5d 5 levels as follows:
1 meter =1 650 763.73 wavelengths.
This corresponds to a wavelength (krypton 86 orange-red) of
7 6 057.802 1 X 10~ millimeter.
Thus, as for more than 150 years, the meter bears no definite relation to the earth's quadrant. From the time of the adoption of the International Prototype Meter in 1889, the meter had been defined in terms of that standard, a platinum-iridium bar kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sevres, France, a suburb of Paris. At the Seventh General Conference in 1927 a supplementary relation between the meter and the wave- length of light was adopted. This relation for red cadmium light waves under specified conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity was: 1 meter=l 553 164.13 wavelengths. -7 This corresponds to a wavelength (cadmium red) of 6 438.469 6X10 millimeter. The num- ber of wavelengths of the krypton 86 radiation in one meter, 1 650 763.73, was obtained by comparing interferometrically orange-red krypton 86 radiation with the red cadmium radiation.
The kilogram is independently defined as the mass of a definite platinum-iridium standard, the International Prototype Kilogram, which is also kept at the International
Bureau of Weights and Measures. The liter is defined as the volume of a kilogram of water, at standard atmospheric pressure, and at the temperature of its maximum density, ap- proximately 4°C. The meter is thus a unit on which is based all metric standards and meas- urements of length and area, and of volume derived from linear measurements.
The kilogram is the unit on which are based all metric standards of mass. The liter is a derived unit of capacity or volume. The liter is larger by about 28 parts per million than the cube of the tenth of the meter, i. e., the cubic decimeter—that is, 1 liter = 1 .000 028 cubic decimeters.
3. DEFINITIONS OF UNITS
3.1. LENGTH Fundamental Units
A meter (m) is a unit of length equal to 1 650 763.73 times the wavelength of the orange-red radiation of krypton 86 under specified conditions. A yard (yd) is a unit of length equal to 0.914 4 meter.
2 XT. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Bulletin 26, Apr. 5, 1893. 3 Federal Register, July 1, 1959. 4 J. R. Benoit, C. Fabry, and A. Perot, Nouvello determination du rapport des longuers d'onde fondamentales aves 1'unite metrique. Trav. et Mem. Bur. Int. Poids et Mesures 15, 131 (1913).
3 Multiples and Submultiples
1 kilometer (km) = 1 000 meters.
1 hectometer (hm) = 100 meters. 1 dekameter (dkm) = 10 meters.
1 'decimeter (dm) =0.1 meter. ^centimeter (cm) =0.01 meter. 1 millimeter (mm) =0.001 meter. = 1 micron (M)= 0.000 001 meter 0.001 millimeter.
1 millimicron (mM ) =0.000 000 001 meter = 0.001 micron. 6 f = 0.000 000 1 millimeter. 1 angstrom (An = .000 1 micron.
[ = .1 millimicron. = 8 furlongs = 320 rods. 1 statute mile, =176()yards = 5280feet> 1 furlong = | mile = 40 rods = 220 yards = 660 feet. 1 rod = 5| yards = 16^ feet = 25 links. 1 foot = \ yard = 12 inches. 1 hand = 4 inches. 1 inch =-3^ yard = ^2 foot. 1 line (button) =-^ inch. 1 point (printers) =0.013 837 inch = ^ inch (nearly). = 1 mil x o inch. 1 chain (Gunter's)=4 rods = 22 yards = 66 feet = 100 links. 1 link (Gunter's) = x^-q chain = 7.92 inches. 1 international nautical mile = l 852 meters = 6 076.115 49 feet (approximately).6
1 fathom = 6 feet = 8 spans. 1 span = J fathom = 9 inches.
3.2. AREA Fundamental Units
2 A square meter (m ) is a unit of area equal to the area of a square the sides of which are
1 meter.
2 A square yard (yd ) is a unit of area equal to the area of a square the sides of which are
1 yard.
Multiples and Submultiples
2 1 square kilometer (km ) = 1 000 000 square meters. 2 1 hectare (ha), or square hectometer (hm ) = 10 000 square meters. 2 1 are (a), or square dekameter (dkm ) = 100 square meters.
1 centare (ca) = 1 square meter.
2 1 square decimeter (dm ) =0.01 square meter. 2 1 square centimeter (cm ) =0.000 1 square meter. 2 1 square millimeter (mm ) =0.000 001 square meter. = 640 acres = 102 400 square rods. 2 1 square mile (mi ) = 3 097 600 square yards = 27 878 400 square feet.
, N , rt , . [ = 160 square rods = 4 840 square yards. 1 acre (acre) = 10 square chains^ . . { = 43 560 square feet. 16 square rods = 484 square yards = 4 356 square feet. 2 1 square chain (ch ^ = 10 000 square links.
= 0-000 1 square chain = 0.048 4 square yard. V V H'2V 1 square link (u K 0>435 6 gquare foot = 62 .726 4 square inches.
s The angstrom is defined basically as the unit such that 6 438.469 6 of these units equal the wavelength of the red radiation of cadmium under specified conditions. 6 Prior to July 1, 1954 the U.S. nautical mile of 1 853.248 meters =6 080.20 feet was in use in this country. 2
2 1 square rod (rd ) =30.25 square yards = 272.27 square feet = 625 square links.
2 1 square foot (ft ) =^ square yard = 144 square inches. 2 1 square inch (in. ) = 1 \ e square yard =3-^4 square foot.
3.3. VOLUME Fundamental Units
3 A cubic meter (m ) is a unit of volume equal to a cube the edges of which are 1 meter.
3 A cubic yard (yd ) is a unit of volume equal to a cube the edges of which are 1 yard.
Multiples and Submultiples
3 1 cubic kilometer (km ) = 1 000 000 000 cubic meters.
3 1 cubic hectometer (hm ) = 1 000 000 cubic meters.
3 1 cubic dekameter (dkm ) = 1 000 cubic meters.
1 stere (s) = 1 cubic meter.
3 1 cubic decimeter (dm ) =0.001 cubic meter.
3 1 cubic centimeter (cm ) =0.000 001 cubic meter = 0.001 cubic decimeter.
3 1 cubic millimeter (mm ) =0.000 000 001 cubic meter = 0.001 cubic centimeter. 1 cubic foot (ft 3 )=^y cubic yard.
3 1 cubic inch (in. ) = i6 l 66 cubic yard =rrrs cubic foot. 1 board foot (fbm) = 144 cubic inches = ^ cubic foot. 1 cord (cd) = 128 cubic feet.
3.4. CAPACITY Fundamental Units
A liter (liter) is a unit of capacity equal to the volume occupied by 1 kilogram of pure water at its maximum density (at a temperature of 4° C, practically) and under the standard atmospheric pressure (of 760 mm). It is equivalent in volume to 1.000 028 cubic decimeters.
A gallon (gal) is a unit of capacity equal to the volume of 231 cubic inches. It is used for the measurement of liquid commodities only.
A bushel (bu) is a unit of capacity equal to the volume of 2 150.42 cubic inches. It is used in the measurement of dry commodities only. 7
Multiples and Submultiples
1 hectoliter (hi) = 100 liters.
1 dekaliter (dkl) = 10 liters.
1 deciliter (dl)=0.1 liter.
1 centiliter (cl)=0.01 liter.
1 milliliter (ml) =0.001 liter = 1.000 028 cubic centimeters.
1 liquid quart (liq qt) — I gallon = 57.75 cubic inches. 1 liquid pint (liq pt)=| gallon = \ liquid quart = 28.875 cubic inches. 1 gill (gi) =-pz gallon = £ liquid pint = 7.218 75 cubic inches. 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) =T^g- gallon =^ liquid pint. 1 fluid dram (fl dr) =| fluid ounce =tts- liquid pint. 1 minim (min or im) =^ fluid dram =4^5- fluid ounce. 1 peck (pk)=^ bushel = 537.605 cubic inches. 1 dry quart (dry qt)=^- bushel = | peck = 67.200 625 cubic inches.
=- 3 1 dry pint (dry pt) B 4- bushel = J dry quart = 33.600 312 5 cubic inches. 8 1 barrel, for fruits, vegetables, and other dry commodities, other than cranberries, = 7 056 cubic inches = 105 dry quarts. 1 barrel for cranberries = 5 826 cubic inches. 9
7 This is the so-called stricken or struck bushel. A heaped bushel for apples of 2 747.715 cubic inches was established by the U. S Court of Customs Appeals on Feb. 15, 1912, in United States i>. Weber (no. 757). A heaped bushel, equivalent to 1M stricken bushels is also recognized. 8 As fixed by United States standard barrel act (United States Code, title 15, ch. 0, sec. 234). 9 As computed from dimensions fixed by United States standard barrel act, see above. 5 3.5. MASS Fundamental Units
A kilogram (kg) is a unit of mass equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram.
A gram (g) is a unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram. An avoirdupois pound (lb avdp) is a unit of mass equal to 0.453 592 37 kilogram. A troy pound (lb t) is a unit of mass equal to ^Hl of that of the avoirdupois pound.
Multiples and Submultiples
1 metric ton (t) = 1 000 kilograms.
1 hectogram (hg) = 100 grams.
1 dekagram (dkg) = 10 grams.
1 decigram (dg)=0.1 gram.
1 centigram (eg) =0.01 gram.
1 milligram (nig) =0.001 gram. 10 1 metric carat (c) = 200 milligrams = 0.2 gram.
1 avoirdupois ounce (oz avdp)= T^- avoirdupois pound = 437.5 grains.
1 avoirdupois dram (dr avdp) = aire avoirdupois pound avoirdupois ounce.
1 grain (grain) = 7 ooo avoirdupois pound = 5^0 troy pound.
1 apothecaries pound (lb ap) = 1 troy pound = f-^§-°r avoirdupois pound. 4 8 ° 1 apothecaries or troy ounce (oz ap or g, oz t)=^ troy pound - 7 0 0 0 avoirdupois pound = 480 grains. 1 apothecaries dram (dr ap or 5) = gV apothecaries pound = | apothecaries ounce = 60 grains.
1 pennyweight (dwt) = troy ounce = 24 grains.
1 apothecaries scruple (s ap or 3) = | apothecaries dram = 20 grains. 1 short hundredweight (sh cwt) = 100 avoirdupois pounds.
1 long hundredweight = 112 avoirdupois pounds.
1 short ton = 2 000 avoirdupois pounds.
1 long ton = 2 240 avoirdupois pounds.
4. UNITS AND STANDARDS
Units of measurement and standards of measurement must be carefully distinguished A unit is a value, quantity, or magnitude in terms of which other values, quantities, or magnitude are expressed. In general a unit is fixed by definition and is independent of such physical conditions as temperature. This publication is concerned with the units of weights and measures used in the United States, especially with the numerical relations among various units. A standard is the physical embodiment of a unit. In general a standard is not inde- pendent of physical conditions and is the true embodiment of the unit only under specified conditions. For example, a yard standard has a length of one yard only when at one particu- lar temperature and when supported in a certain manner. If supported in a different manner, the standard would have to be at a different temperature in order to have s length of exactly one yard. Some standards are fundamental in their character, and units are defined in terms of these standards. Such standards must be relatively stable in dimensions and other charac- teristics over long periods of time. The definitions of the units in terms of these standards
10 See National Bureau of Standards Circular C43, The Metric Carat, for a discussion of the metric carat and tables of the relations of the metric carat to the old carat of 205.3 milligrams in use in this country previous to July 1, 1913.
6 must be very specific. Such a standard is the International Prototype Meter. Different orders of accuracy and importance, are assigned to other standards such as national stand- ards, scientific laboratory standards, and manufacturers' standards. Information about suitable standards of weights and measures for specific purposes and about calibration of such standards by the National Bureau of Standards can be found in other publications of the Bureau or may be obtained directly from the Bureau.
5. SPELLING AND ABBREVIATION OF UNITS
The spelling of the names of units as adopted by the National Bureau of Standards is that given in the list below. The spelling of the metric units is in accordance with that given in the law of July 28, 1866, legalizing the metric system in the United States. Following the name of each unit in the list below is given the abbreviation which the Bureau has adopted. Attention is particularly called to the following principles:
1. The period is omitted after all abbreviations of units, except where the abbreviation forms an English word. " " 2. The exponents 2 " and 3 " are used to signify "square" and "cubic", respectively, instead of the abbreviations "sq" or "cu", which are, however, frequently used in technical literature for the United States customary units. In conformity with this principle the
3 abbreviation for cubic centimeter is "cm " (instead of "cc" or "c cm"). The term "cubic centimeter", as used in chemical work, is, in fact, a misnomer, since the unit actually used is the "milliliter", of which the correct abbreviation is "ml" (see p. 1). 3. The use of the same abbreviation for both singular and plural is recommended.
This practice is already established in expressing metric units and is in accordance with the spirit and chief purpose of abbreviations.
4. It is also suggested that, unless all the text is printed in capital letters, only small letters be used for abbreviations, except in such case as, A for angstrom, etc., where the use of capital letters is general.
5.1. LIST OF THE MOST COMMON UNITS OF WEIGHT AND MEASURE AND THEIR ABBREVIATIONS
Unit Abbreviation Unit Abbreviation Unit Abbreviation acre acre dram, avoirdupois dr avdp ounce, apothecaries oz'ap or 5 angstrom A dram, fluid fl dr ounce, avoirdupois oz'avdp are a fathom fath ounce, fluid fl oz avoirdupois avdp foot ft ounce, troy oz t barrel bbl furlong fur. peck pk board foot fbm gallon gal pennyweight dwt bushel bu grain grain pint Pt carat c gram g pound lb centare ca hectare ha pound, apothecaries lb ap centigram eg hectogram hg pound, avoirdupois lb avdp centiliter cl hectoliter hi pound, troy lb t centimeter cm hectometer hm quart qt chain ch hogshead hhd rod cubic centimeter cm 3 hundredweight cwt scruple, apothecaries 8 ap or it) cubic decimeter dm 3 inch in. square centimeter cm 2 cubic dekameter dkm» kilogram kg square chain ch 2 2 cubic foot ft 3 kiloliter Id square decimeter dm cubic hectometer hm3 kilometer km square dekameter dkm 2 cubic inch in. 3 link li square foot ft 2 cubic kilometer km3 liquid liq square hectometer hm 2 cubic meter m 3 liter liter square inch in. 2 cubic mile mi3 meter m square kilometer km 2 2 cubic millimeter mm 3 metric ton t square link li cubic yard yd 3 microgram* Mg square meter m 2 decigram dg microinch win. square mile mi 2 deciliter dl microliter* Ml square millimeter mm 2 decimeter dm micron M square rod rd 2 decistere ds mile mi square yard yd 2 dekagram dkg milligram mg stere s dekaliter dkl milliliter ml ton ton dekameter dkm millimeter mm ton, metric t dekastere dks millimicron mil troy t dram dr minim min or TIE yard yd dram, apothecaries dr ap or 5 ounce oz
* The abbreviations y and X for microgram and microliter, respectively, have been advocated by some authorities.
7 6. TABLES OF INTERRELATIC \
1 6.1. UNITS I
Units Inches Links Feet Yards Rods
(1 (19*7 777 7Q n nop; oc^n fine: 1 inch I 0 126 262 6 U.Uoo ooo oo U . UUo uou ouo y 1 link 7.92 1 0.66 0.22 0.04 1 foot 12 1 515 152 1 0.333 333 3 0.060 606 06 1 yard 36 4 545 45 3 1 0.181 818 2 1 rod 198 25 16.5 5.5 1 1 chain 792 100 66 22 4 1 mile 63 360 8000 5280 1760 320 1 centimeter 0.393 700 8 0 049 709 70 0.032 808 40 0.010 936 13 0.001 988 388
1 1 meter 39.370 08 4 970 970 3.280 840 1.093 613 0.198 838 8
6.2. UNITS #
Square inches Square links Square feet Square yards Square rods Square chains
1 square inch 1 0.015 942 25 0.006 944 444 0.000 771 604 9 0 000 025 507 60 0 000 001 594 22' 1 square link 62.726 4 1 0.435 6 0.048 4 0 001 6 0 000 1 1 square foot 144 2.295 684 1 0.111 111 1 0 003 673 095 0 000 229 568 4 1 square yard 1296 20.661 16 9 1 0 033 057 85 0 002 066 116 1 square rod 39 204 625 272.75 30.25 1 0 062 5 1 square chain 627 254 10 000 4356 484 16 1 acre 6 272 640 100 000 43 560 4840 160 1 square mile 4 014 489 600 64 000 000 27 878 400 3 097 600 102 400 6 1 square centimeter 0.155 000 3 0.002 471 054 0.001 076 391 0.000 119 599 0 0 000 003 953 686 0 000 000 247 id
1 square 1550.003 002 471 meter 24.710 54 10.763 91 1.195 990 0 039 536 86 0 054 ! 1 hectare 15 500 031 247 105.4 107 639.1 11 959.90 395 368 6 24 710 54
6.3. UNITS k
Units Cubic inches Cubic feet Cubic yards
1 cubic inch = 1 0.000 578 703 7 0.000 021 433 47 1 cubic foot = 1728 1 0.037 037 04 1 cubic yard = 46 656 27 1 1 cubic centimeter = 0.061 023 74 0.000 035 314 67 0.000 001 307 951 1 cubic decimeter = 61.023 74 0.035 314 67 0.001 307 951 1 cubic meter = 61 023.74 35.314 67 1.307 951
6.4. UNITS OF CAPACIP
Units Minims Fluid drams Fluid ounces Gills Liquid pints
1 minim = 1 0.016 666 67 0.002 083 333 0 000 520 833 3 0 000 130 208 3 1 fluid dram = 60 1 0.125 0 031 25 0 007 812 5 1 fluid ounce = 480 8 1 0 25 0 062 5 1 gill 1920 32 4 1 0 25
1 liquid pint = 7680 128 16 4 1
' 1 liquid quart = 15 360 256 32 8 2| 1 gallon = 61 440 1024 128 32 a 1 cubic inch = 265.974 0 4.432 900 0.554 112 6 0 138 528 1 0 034 632 03 1 cubic foot = 459 603.1 7660.052 957.506 5 239 376 6 59 844 16 1 milliliter = 16.231 19 0.270 519 8 0.033 814 97 0 008 453 742 0 002 113 436 1 liter 16 231.19 270.519 8 33.814 97 8 453 742 2 113 436
8 01 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT LHGTH
Chains Miles Centimeters Meters Units
3.001 262 626 0.000 015 782 83 2.54 0.025 4 = 1 inch 0.01 0.000 125 20.116 8 0.201 168 = 1 link 5.015 151 52 0.000 189 393 9 30.48 0.304 8 = 1 foot 3.045 454 55 0.000 568 181 8 91.44 0.914 4 = 1 yard 0.25 0.003 125 502.92 5.029 2 = 1 rod 1 0.012 5 2011.68 20.116 8 = 1 chain 80 1 160 934.4 1609.344 = 1 mile 3.000 497 097 0 0.000 006 213 712 1 0.01 = 1 centimeter 3.049 709 70 0.000 621 371 2 100 1 = 1 meter
A] 2A
Acres Square miles Square centimeters Square meters Hectares Units
3 000 159 422 5 0.000 000 000 249 097 7 6.451 6 0.000 645 16 0.000 000 064 516 = 1 square inch 0 01 0.000 000 015 625 404.685 642 24 0.040 468 564 224 0.000 004 046 856 422 4 = 1 square link 0 022 956 84 0.000 000 035 870 06 929.030 4 0.092 903 04 0.000 009 290 304 = 1 square foot 0 206 611 6 0.000 000 322 830 6 8 361.273 6 0.836 127 36 0.000 083 612 736 = 1 square yard 16 25 0.000 009 765 625 252 928.526 4 25.292 852 64 0.002 529 285 264 = 1 square rod 0.000 156 25 4 046 856.422 4 404.68 5 642 24 0.040 468 564 224 = 1 square chain 1 0.001 562 5 4 0 468 564.224 4046.856 422 4 0.404 68 5 64 2 24 = 1 acre 640 1 25 899 881 103.36 2 589 988.110 336 258.998 811 033 6 = 1 square mile 0 000 024 710 54 0.000 000 000 038 610 22 1 0.0001 0.000 000 01 = 1 square centimeter 0 247 105 4 0.000 000 386 102 2 10 000 1 0.000 1 = 1 square meter '1054 0.003 861 022 100 000 000 10 000 1 = 1 hectare
V'LUME
Cubic Centimeters Cubic decimeters Cubic meters Units
16.387 064 0.016 387 064 0.000 016 387 064 = 1 cubic inch 28 316.846 592 28.316 846 592 0.028 316 846 592 = 1 cubic foot 764 554.857 984 764.554 857 984 0.764 554 857 984 = 1 cubic yard 1 0.001 0.000 001 = 1 cubic centimeter 1 000 1 0.001 = 1 cubic decimeter 1 000 000 1000 1 = 1 cubic meter l:)utd measure
Liquid quarts Gallons Cubic inches Cubic feet Milliliters Liters Units
000 065 104 17 0.000 016 276 04 0.003 759 766 0.000 002 175 790 0.061 609 79 0.000 061 609 79 = 1 minim 003 906 25 0.000 976 562 5 0.225 585 9 0.000 130 547 4 3.696 588 0.003 696 588 = 1 fluid dram 031 25 0.007 812 5 1.804 687 5 0.001 044 379 29.572 70 0.029 572 70 = 1 fluid ounce 125 0.031 25 7.218 75 0.004 177 517 118.290 8 0.118 290 8 = 1 gill 5 0.125 28.875 0.016 710 07 473.163 2 0.473 163 2 = 1 liquid pint 1 0.25 57.75 0.033 420 14 946.326 4 0.946 326 4 = 1 liquid quart 4 1 231 0.133 680 6 3 785.306 3.785 306 = 1 gallon 017 316 02 0.004 329 004 1 0.000 578 703 7 16.386 61 0.016 386 61 = 1 cubic inch 922 08 7.480 519 1728 1 28 316.05 28.316 05 = 1 cubic foot 001 056 718 0.000 264 179 4 0.061 025 45 0.000 035 315 66 1 0.001 = 1 milliliter 056 718 0.264 179 4 61.025 45 0.035 315 66 1000 1 = 1 liter
9
6. TABLES OF INTERR& UNITS OF MEASUREMENT ATI()5 j 0F
1 lENGTH
Feet Links Yards Chains Miles Units Inches Centimeters Kadi Meters Units
0.126 262 6 0.083 333 33 0.027 1 777 78 0.001 262 626 0.000 015 782 83 1 inch 0.005 K0 2.54 0.66 0.22 505 0.025 4 7.92 0,01 0.000 125 llink 0.61 20.116 8 = 1 inch 1.615 152 1 0.201 168 0.333 333 3 0 015 151 52 0.000 189 393 9 1 foot = 0.060 606 30.48 "1 link 4 45 3 oe 0.304 8 36 545 1 0.045 454 55 0.000 568 181 8 •=1 1 yard " 0.181 818 91.44 loot 25 16.6 J 0.914 4 198 6.6 0.25 0.003 125 1 rod 502.92 = 1 yard 1 5.029 100 66 22 I 0.012 5 2 792 = 1 rod 1 chain 1 2011.68 8000 6280 1760 80 20.116 8 mila 63 360 1 160 934.4 = 1 chain 1 111 1609.344 0.049 709 70 0.032 808 40 0.010 936 13 0.000 497 097 0 0.000 000 213 centimeter = 0.393 700 8 0.001 712 = 1 mile 1 8SS SSS 1 0.01 4.970 970 3.280 840 1.093 013 0.049 709 70 0.000 621 371 2 1 meter = 39.370 08 0.198 =1 centimeter 838 8 I 100 1 1 meter
AREA
links Square feet Square yards Square inches Square Squsre rods Squarechaia! Square centimeters
-- 942 25 0.006 944 444 0.000 771 604 9 0.000 025 .000000159 422 6 0.000 000 000 249 097 7 1 square inch 1 0.015 507 60 0.000 001 591 !J5 6.461 6 0.000 645 16 0.000 0.435 6 0.048 4 .000 01 O.000 000 015 625 000 0CJ 516 62.726 4 1 0.001 6 0.000 1 404.685 -I square inch 1 square link 642 24 0.040468 564 0,000022 224 0.000 004 046 856 422- = 144 2.295 684 1 0.111 111 1 0.003 673 095 956 84 0.000 000 035 870 06 - 1 square link 1 square foot 0.000 229 5631 929.030 4 0.092 903 04 0.000 009 290 1 0.000 000 322 830 304 = 1 square 1 square yard = 1296 20.661 16 9 0.033 057 85 0.00! oeo IK 6 8 361.273 6 foot 0.836 127 36 0.000 083 612 736 = 39 204 625 272.75 30.25 1 0.06! 0.000 009 765 625 = 1 square yard 1 square rod 6 252 92S.5264 25. 292 862 0.000 64 0.002 529 285 264 ™ - 264 10 000 4356 484 16 156 25 1 square rod 1 square chain 627 4 046 856.4224 404.685 042 24 0.040 468 564 224 n 6 272 640 100 000 43 560 4840 160 0.001 562 5 1 equare chain 4 0 4 6 8 5 64 . 224 4046.856 4224 0.404 685 642 24 64 000 000 27 878 3 097 600 1 = 1 aero 1 square mile 4 014 489 600 400 102 400 25 899 881 103.36 589 988.110 I .000000 336 258.998 811 033 024 71054 0.000 000 000 6 = 1 square milo square centimeter = 0.155 000 3 0.002 471 054 0.001 076 391 0.000 119 599 0 0.000 003 953 680 0.000 000 247 1(6 4 038 610 22 1 0.000 1 0.000 000 01 = 1 square
1.000247 105 4 0.000 000 386 co ntimo tor 1 square meter = 1550.003 24.710 54 10.763 91 1.195 990 0.039 536 86 0.002 471051 102 2 10 000 J U71 054 0.000 1 0.003 861 022 = 1 square meter 1 hectare => 15 500 031 247 105.4 107 639.1 11 959.90 395.368 6 24.710 51 100 000 000 = 1 hectare VOLUME 6.3. UNITS OF
Cubic Centimeters Units Cubic feet Cubic yudj Cubic decimeters Cubic inches Cubic meters Units
4! 16.387 064 1 cubic inch = 0.000 021 433 0.016 387 064 1 0.000 578 703 7 0.000 016 387 004 = 1 cubic 28 316.846 592 inch 1 cubic foot = 1 0.037 037 04 28.316 846 692 1728 0.028 316 846 592 = 1 cubic foot 1 554.857 984 1 cubic yard = 764.554 857 084 46 656 27 0.764 554 857 984 = 1 cubic yard 307 W 1 1 cubic = 0.000 001 0.001 centimeter 0.061 023 74 0.000 035 314 67 0.000 001 = 1 cubic centimeter 051 I 000 1 cubic decimeter = 61.023 74 0.035 314 67 0.001 307 0.001 = 1 000 000 1 cubic decimeter 1 cubic = 1.307 951 1000 meter 61 023.74 35.314 67 1 = 1 cubic meter U CAPACHI QWD MEASURE 6.4. UNITS OF
liquid quarts Units TjqjjidpinU^J Gallons Minims Fluid drams Fluid ounces Gills Cubic inches Cubic feet Milliliters Liters Units
"000 065 130 20S» 104 17 1 minim 0.000 | 0.000 016 276 1 0.000 520 833 3 ''II S06 04 0.003 759 766 0.000 002 175 790 0.001 609 79 0.000 061 009 79 -1 minim 0.016 666 67 0.002 083 333 11!! 25 1 fluid = 0.007 0.000 976 dram 1.111 562 5 0.225 585 = 1 fluid 60 1 0.125 0.031 25 25 9 0.000 130 547 4 3.096 688 0.003 696 588 dram 1 fluid ounce - 0.062 5 0.007 812 5 = 480 0.25 1.1IS 1.804 687 5 0.001 044 379 29.572 70 0.029 672 70 I fluid ounce 8 1 0.031 0.21 ! 25 1 Bill 1920 1 7.218 75 0.004 177 517 118.290 8 0.118 290 8 -loll 32 4 j 1 liquid pint = 0.125 4 28.875 0.016 710 07 473.163 2 0.473 163 2 = 1 liquid pint 7680 128 1 1 liquid = 0.25 quart 8 57.75 0.033 420 910.326 4 0.940 320 4 -1 liquid quart 15 360 256 32 1 ^ 14 1 gallon : 61 440 32 316 231 0.133 680 6 3 785.306 3,785 300 -1 gallon 1024 128 632 M 02 1 cubic = 0.034 ».9!2 0.004 329 Inch | 004 b1 cubic inch 265.974 0 528 1 08 1 0.000 578 703 7 16.386 61 0.016 380 81 4.432 900 0.554 112 6 0.138 10 1 cubic = 59.844 7.480 519 foot I 459 056 1728 1 28 310.05 28.316 05 cubic foot 603.1 7660.052 239.376 6 !« i" >fl 718 057.506 5 0.002 0.000 1 milliliter J 1.056 264 179 4 = 1 milliliter 16.231 19 453 742 718 0.061 025 45 0.000 035 315 66 1 0.001 0.270 0.008 ! 619 8 0.033 814 97 2.113 436 0-204 179 1 liter 16 231.16 4 61 .025 45 0.035 315 66 1000 1 -lliter 270.519 8 33.814 97 8.453 742
8 9 6.5. UNITS OF CAPAIiTM
Units Dry pints Dry quarts Pecks Bushels
1 dry pint = 1 0.5 0.062 5 0.015 625
1 dry quart 2 1 0.125 0.031 25
1 peck = 16 8 1 0.25
1 bushel 64 32 4
' cubic inch = 0.029 761 6 0.014 880 8 0.001 860 10 0.000 465 02£
1 cubic foot = 51.428 09 25.714 05 3.214 256 0.803 563 95 1 liter = 1.816 217 0.908 108 4 0.113 513 6 0.028 378 39 1 dekaliter = 18.162 17 9.081 084 1.135 136 0.283 783 9 1
6.6. UNITS OF MASS NOT GREA$
Apothecaries Avoirdupois Apothecaries Avoirdupc I' Units Grains scruples Pennyweights drams drams ounces :
1 grain 1 0.05 0 041 666 67 0 036 571 43 0 016 666 67 0 002 285 7 2' 1 apoth scruple 20 1 0 833 333 3 0 731 428 6 0 333 333 3 0 045 714 >
1 pennyweight 24 1.2 1 0 877 714 3 0 4 0 054 857 1<
1 avdp dram 27.343 75 1.367 187 5 1 139 323 1 0 455 729 2 0 062 5 1 apoth dram 60 3 2 5 2 194 286 1 0 137 142 9 1 avdp ounce 437.5 21.875 18 229 17 16 7 291 667
1 apoth or troy ounce 480 24 20 17 554 29 8 1 097 143
1 apoth or troy pound 5. 760 288 240 210 651 4 96 13 165 71
1 avdp pound 7 000 350 291 666 7 256 116 666 7 l|
1 milligram 0.015 435 36 0.000 771 617 9 0 000 643 014 9 0 000 564 383 4 0 000 257 206 0 0 000 035 21 9!
1 gram 15.432 36 0.771 617 9 0 643 014 9 0 564 383 4 0 257 206 0 0 035 273 9(j
1 kilogram 15 432 36 771.617 9 643 014 9 564 .383 4 257 206 0 35 273 96
6.7. UNITS OF MASS NOT L:
Avourdupois Avourdupois Short hundred Units ounces pounds weights Short tons
1 avourdupois ounce = 1 0.0625 0.000 625 0.000 031 25
1 avoirdupois pound = 16 I 0.01 0.000 5 1 short hundredweight = 1 600 100 1 0.05 1 short ton = 32 000 2 000 20 1 1 long ton = 35 840 2 240 22.4 1.12 1 kilogram = 35.273 96 2.204 623 0.022 046 23 0.001 102 311 H = 1 metric ton 35 273.96 2204 . 623 22.046 23 1.102 311 —
I
10 MEASURE
Cubic inches Cubic feet Liters Dekaliters Units
33.600 312 5 0.019 444 63 0.550 595 1 0.055 059 51 =1 dry pint
67.200 625 0.038 889 25 1.101 190 0.110 119 0 = 1 dry quart
I 537.605 0.311 114 8.809 521 0.880 952 1 = 1 peck
';2150.42 1.244 456 35.238 08 3.523 808 = 1 bushel
1 0.000 578 703 7 0.016 386 61 0.001 638 661 = 1 cubic inch 1728 1 28.316 05 2.831 605 = 1 cubic foot 39 ft 61.025 45 0.035.315 66 1 0.1 = 1 liter
S = ; 610.254 5 0.353 156 6 10 1 1 dekaliter
m POUNDS AND KILOGRAMS
•ithecaries or Apothecaries or Avourdupoi 3 oy ounces troy pounds pounds Milligrams Grams Kilograms Units
'2 083 333 0 000 173 611 1 0 000 142 857 1 64.798 91 0 064 798 91 0 000 064 798 91 = 1 grain 1 666 67 0 003 472 222 0 002 857 143 1295.978 2 1 295 978 2 0 001 295 978 2 = 1 apoth scruple 0 004 166 667 0 003 428 571 1555.173 84 1 555 173 84 0 001 555 173 84 = 1 pennyweight 6 966 15 0 004 747 179 0 003 906 25 1771.845 195 312 5 1 771 845 195 312 5 0 001 771 845 195 312 5 = 1 avdp dram
15 0 010 416 67 0 008 571 429 3887.934 6 3 887 934 6 0 003 887 934 6 = 1 apoth dram
1 458 3 0 075 954 86 0 062 5 28 349.523 125 28 349 523 125 0. 028 349 523 125 = 1 avdp ounce 1 0 083 333 333 0 068 571 43 31 103.476 8 31 103 476 8 0 031 103 476 8 = 1 apoth or troy m ounce 12 1 0 822 857 1 373 241.721 6 373 241 721 6 0 373 241 721 6 = 1 apoth or troy pound
!3 33 1 215 278 1 453 592.37 453 592 37 0 453 592 37 = 1 avdp pound 10 032 150 75 0 000 002 679 229 0 000 002 204 623 1 0 001 0 000 001 = 1 milligram 12 150 75 0 002 679 229 0 002 204 623 1000 1 0 001 = 1 gram 10 75 2 679 229 2 204 623 1 000 000 1 000 1 = 1 kilogram
IrVN AVOIRDUPOIS OUNCES
Long tons Kilograms Metric tons Units
ID. 000 027 901 79 0.028 349 523 125 0.000 028 349 523 125 = 1 avoirdupois ounce
3.000 446 428 6 0.453 592 37 0.000 453 592 37 = 1 avoirdupois pound
3.044 642 86 45.359 237 0.045 359 237 = 1 short hundredweight
3.892 857 1 907.184 74 0.907 184 74 = 1 short ton 1 1016.046 908 8 1.016 046 908 8 = 1 long ton 3.000 984 206 5 1 0.001 = 1 kilogram 0.984 206 5 1 000 1 = 1 metric ton
11
UNITS OF « CAPACm| MEASURE ^ DRy Dry pints Dry quarts Pecks Units Bmbdi Cubic inches Cubic feet Liters Dekaliters Units
1 0.5 0.062 5 = 0.015 1 dry pint tls 0.019 444 63 2 0.125 33.600 312 5 0.650 595 1 = 0.031 0.055 059 51 1 dry quart IS 625 0.038 889 25 = 1 dry 16 8 1 67.200 1.101 190 pint = 0.25 0.110 110 0 1 peck 0.311 64 32 537.605 114 8.809 521 = 1 dry quart - 0 . 880 952 1 1 bushel 1 1.244 450 = 1 peck 0.029 701 0 0.014 880 8 0.001 860 10 2150.42 35.238 08 3.523 = 0.000 465 808 1 cubic inch Mj 1 0.000 578 703 = 1 bushel 09 25.714 05 3.214 250 7 0.016 386 61 = 51.428 0.803 0.001 638 061 1 cubic foot 583 15 172S 1 = 1 cubic inch 217 0.908 108 4 0.113 513 0 28.316 05 1.810 0.028 2.831 605 1 liter 378 39 0.035.315 66 = 1 cubic 9.081 034 1.135 130 61.025 45 1 foot 18.102 17 0-283 0.1 1 dekaliter = 783 D -1 liter 610.254 5 0.353 156 6 10 1 = 1 dekaliter
6.6. UNITS OF MASS NOT GREATER THAN POUNDS AND KILOGRAMS
Apothecarie Avoirdupois Apotliecar -U'lilij;, I Apothecaries 01 Apothecaries oi Avourdupoi drams drams ounce) troy ounces troy pounds pounds
666 67 .036 571 43 0.041 0.016 066 67 0.002 285 714 1 grain 0.000 173 611 1 0.000 142 857 1 64.798 91 0.064 798 333 3 (.731 428 6 0.333 333 3 31 0.000 0G4 798 = 0.833 0.015 714 39 91 = 1 grain 1 apoth scruple 0.003 472 222 0.002 857 143 1295.978 2 1.295 978 2 0.001 295 978 2 = 1 apoth
'.877 714 3 0.054 857 II scruple 1 pennyweight 0.004 166 667 0.003 428 571 1555.173 84 1.555 173 84 0.001 555 173 = 75 0.455 729 2 0.0(2 5 84 = 1 1 avdp dram 27.343 0.056 9 66 15 0.004 747 179 0.003 906 25 pennyweight 1771.845 195 312 5 1.771 845 286 0.137 195 312 5 0.001 771 845 195 312 .191 142 1 0,125 0.010 410 5 " 1 avdp dram 1 apoth dram 67 0.008 571 42B 3S87.934 6 3.887 934 6 0.003 887 934 6 437.5 : 7.291 607 = 1 apoth dram 1 avdp ounce 0.911 458 3 0.075 954 86 0.062 5 28 349.523 125 28.349 523 125 0.028 349 523 = .554 29 125 = 1 avdpounce 1 apoth or troy ounce 0.083 333 333 0.068 571 43 31 103.476 8 31.103 476 8 0.031 103 476 8 = 1 apothortroy
1 apoth or troy pound = 5.760 12 0.822 857 1 373 241.721 6 373.241 721 i 0.373 211 721 6 = 1 apoth or troy = 000 350 291 .660 116.666 7 11 583 33 pound 1 avdp pound 7 1.215 278 453 592.37 0.453 592 a 0.000 257 208 0.000 015 2711! 37 I avdp pound 1 milligram 0.015 432 36 1.000 771 617 9 0.000 043 014 9 1.000 504 383 4 0.000 032 150 75 0.000 002 679 229 0.000 002 204 ( 0.000 001 1.564 0.257 206 0 0.035 273 S6 0.032 150 = 1 milligram 1 gram = 15.432 30 1.771 617 9 0.643 014 9 383 4 75 0.002 679 229 0.002 204 623
! 0.001 257.206 0 35.273 11 3U50 1 kilogram = 15 432 36 .617 9 643.014 75 2.679 229 2.204 623 ; 1 kilogram
6.7. UNITS OF MASS NOT I THAN AVOIRDUPOIS OUNCES
Avourdupois Avourdupois Short hundred Long Unita weights tons Kilograms pounds Metric tons Unita
0.000 Ml 25 0 000 027 901 1 avourdupois ounce = 0.000 625 79 0.028 349 523 125 1 0.0625 0.000 028 349 523 125 = 1 avoirdupois ounce 0.000 5 Q.OOO 446 428 1 avoirdupois pound ~ 0.01 6 0.453 592 37 16 1 0.000 453 592 37 = 1 avoirdupois pound 0.05 0.044 642 86 1 short hundredweight = 1 45.359 237 0.045 1 600 100 1 359 237 = 1 short hundredwoight 0-892 857 1 1 short = 20 907.184 ton 32 000 2 000 74 0.907 184 74 = 1 short too 1.12 l 1 long ton = 35 840 2 240 22.4 1016.046 908 8 1.016 046 908 8 0.001 101 311 O-OOO 984 208 5 1 kilogram = 35.273 96 2.204 623 0.022 046 23 1 0.001 °1 kilogram 1,103 311 0.984 206 5 1 metric ton = 35 273.96 2204.623 22.046 23 1 000 1 » 1 metric ton
10 11 4 0
7. COMPARISON OF METRIC AND CUSTOMARY UNITS FROM 1 TO 9
7.1 LENGTH
Mffli- _ Kilom- Inches meters r eet Meters Yards JVleters Rods Meters Miles eters
(in.) (mm) W (,m; (yd) (rd) (m) (mi) (km)
1 = 25 . 1 — 3048 1 =0 9144 1=5 0292 1= 1 609 344 2= 50.8 2 = 0 6096 2 = 1 2 =10 0584 2= 3 218 688 3= 76.2 3 =0 9144 3=2 7432 3=15 0876 3=4 828 032 4=101.6 4 =1 2192 4=3 6576 4 =20 1168 4= 6 437 376
5=127.0 5 = 1 5240 5=4 Oi £U 5=25 1460 5=8 046 720 6 = 152.4 6 — 1 8288 6=5 4864 6=30 1752 6= 9 656 064 7=177.8 7 =2 1336 7=6 7=35 2044 7 = 11 265 408 8=203.2 8 =2 4384 8=7 3152 8=40 2336 8 = 12 874 752 9=228.6 9 =2 7432 9=8 2296 9=45 2628 9=14 484 096
0 039 3701 =1 3.280 84 = 1 1.093 613=1 0.198 839=1 0 621 371=1 0 078 7402 =2 6.561 68 =2 2.187 227=2 0.397 678=2 1 242 742=2 0 118 1102=3 9.842 52 =3 3.280 840=3 0.596 516=3 1 864 114=3 0 157 4803=4 13.123 36 =4 4.374 453=4 0.795 355=4 2 485 485=4
0 196 8504=5 16.404 20 =5 5.468 066=5 0.994 194=5 3 106 856=5 0 236 2205=6 19.685 04 =6 6.561 680=6 1.193 033=6 3 728 227=6 0 275 5906=7 22.965 88 =7 7.655 293=7 1.391 871 =7 4 349 598=7 0 314 9606=8 26 246 72 = 8 8.748 906=8 1.590 710=8 4 970 970=8 0 354 3307 =9 29.527 56 =9 9.842 520=9 1.789 549=9 5 592 341 =9
7.2. AREA
Square Square Square Square Square Square Square Square inches centimeters feet meters yards meters Acres Hectares miles kilometers
(in.*) (cm') (ft*) (m*) (yd*) (acre) (ha) (mi*) (km')
1 = 6.4516 1 =0 092 903 1 =0 836 13 1 = 0 404 69 1= 2 5900 2 = 12.9032 2 =0 185 806 2 = 1 672 25 2 = 0 809 37 2= 5 1800 3 = 19.3548 3 =0 278 709 3 =2 508 38 3 = 1 214 06 3= 7 7700 4 =25.8064 4 = 0 371 612 4 =3 344 51 4 = 1 618 74 4 = 10 3600
5 = 32.2580 5 =0 464 515 5 =4 180 64 5 = 2 023 43 5=12 9499 6 =38.7096 6 =0 557 418 6 =5 016 76 6 =2 428 11 6 = 15 5399 7 =45.1612 7 = 0 650 321 7 =5 852 89 7 =2 832 80 7=18 1299 8 = 51.6128 8 =0 743 224 8 =6 689 02 8 =3 237 49 8=20 7199 9 = 58.0644 9 =0 836 127 9 =7 525 15 9 =3 642 17 9=23 3099
0.155 00 = 1 10 7639 =1 1.1960 =1 2.4711 =1 0.386 10 = 1 0.310 00 =2 21 5278 =2 2.3920 = 2 4.9421 =2 0.772 20=2 0.465 00 =3 32 2917 =3 3.5880 =3 7.4132 =3 1.158 31 =3 0.620 00 =4 43 0556 =4 4.7840 =4 9.8842 =4 1.544 41=4
0.775 00 =5 53 8196 =5 5.9800 =5 12.3553 =5 1.930 51=5 0.930 00 =6 64 5835 = 6 7.1759 =6 14.8263 =6 2.316 61=6 1.085 00 =7 75 3474 =7 8.3719 =7 17.2974 = 7 2.702 72=7 1.240 00 = 8 86 1113 =8 9.5679 =8 19.7684 =8 3.088 82=8 1.395 00 =9 96 8752 =9 10.7639 =9 22.2395 =9 3.474 92=9
7.3. VOLUME
Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic yards meters inches Liters inches centimeters feet meters feet Liters
1 3 (yfl») (m») (in.>) (liter) (in. ) (cm ) (ft») (m') (ft') (liter)
1 =0 764 55 1 =0 016 387 1= 16.387 1 =0 028 317 1 = 28.316 2 = l 529 11 2 =0 032 773 2= 32.774 2 =0 056 634 2 = 56.632 3 =2 293 66 3 =0 049 160 3= 49.161 3 =0 084 951 3 = 84.948 4 =3 058 22 4 =0 065 546 4= 65.548 4 =0 113 267 4 = 113.264
5 =3 822 77 5 =0 081 933 5= 81.935 5 =0 141 584 5 = 141.580 6 =4 587 33 6 =0 098 320 6= 98.322 6 =0 169 901 6 = 169.896 7 =5 351 88 7 =0 114 706 7=114.709 7 =0 198 218 7 = 198.212 8 =6 116 44 8 =0 131 093 8 = 131.097 8 =0 226 535 8 = 226.528 9 =6 880 99 9 =0 147 479 9=147.484 9 =0 254 852 9 = 254.844
1.3080 = 1 61 025 =1 0 061 024=1 35.315 =1 0 035 316 = 1 2.6159 =2 122 051 =2 0 122 047=2 70.629 =2 0 070 631 =2
3.9239 =3 183 076 =3 0 183 071=3 105 . 944 =3 0 105 947 =3 5.2318 =4 244 102 =4 0 244 095=4 141.259 =4 0 141 263 =4
6.5398 =5 305 127 =5 0 305 119=5 176.573 =5 0 176 578 =5 7.8477 =6 366 153 =6 0 366 142=6 211.888 =6 0 211 894 = 6 9.1557 =7 427 178 = 7 0 427 166=7 247.203 =7 0 247 210 =7 10.4636 =8 488 204 =8 0 488 190=8 282.517 =8 0 282 525 =8 11.7716 =9 549 229 =9 0 549 214=9 317.832 =9 0 317 841 =9
12 ) O
7.4. CAPACITY—LIQUID MEASURE
U.S. fluid U.S. fluid U.S. liquid U.S. liquid U.S. drams Milliliters ounces Milliliters pints Liters quarts Liters gallons Liters
(fl dr) (ml) (fl oz) (ml) (qt) (liter) (liter)
1= 3.697 1= 29.57 1=0.4732 1 =0 9463 1= 3 785 2= 7.393 2= 59.15 2 =0.9463 2=1 8927 2=7 571 Oo — XL.1 1 nonUifU 3 = 88 72 3=l!4195 3 =2 8390 3=11 356 a r> 4 = 14.786 4 = 118 29 4 = 1. 8927 *x — 7853 4 = 15 141
C A O — 1 o . 'too 5 = 147 86 5 =2.3658 O — 'x 7316 5 =18 927 6=22.180 6 = 177]44 6=2!8390 6=5 6780 6=22 712 7=25.876 7=207.01 7=3.3121 7=6 6243 7=26 497 8=29.573 8=230.58 8=3.7853 8=7 5706 8 =30 282 9=33.269 9=266.15 9 =4.2585 9=8 5169 9 =34 068
0 2705=1 0.033 81 =1 2.113=1 1 0567=1 0.2642=1 0 5410=2 0.067 63=2 4.227=2 2 1134=2 0.5284=2 0 8116=3 0.101 44=3 6.340=3 3 1702=3 0.7925=3 1 0821 =4 0.135 26=4 8.454 =4 4 2269 =4 1.0567=4
1 3526=5 0.169 07=5 10.567=5 5 2836 =5 1.3209=5 1 6231 =6 0.202 89=6 12.681 =6 6 3403=6 1.5851=6 1 8936=7 0.236 70=7 14.794=7 7 3970 =7 1.8493=7 2 1642=8 0.270 52=8 16.907=8 8 4537=8 2.1134=8 2 4347 =9 0.304 33=9 19.021=9 9 5105=9 2.3776=9
7.5. CAPACITY—DRY MEASURE
U.S. dry U.S. U.S. U.S. Hecto- U.S. Hectc- quarts Liters pecks Liters pecks Dekaliters bushels liters bushels liters
(qt) (liter) (pk) (liter) (pk) (dkl) (bu) (hi) per acre per hectare
1 =1 1012 1= 8.810 1=0.8810 1=0.3524 1=0 8708 2=2 2024 2=17.619 2=1.7619 2=0.7048 2 = 1 7415 3=3 3036 3=26.429 3=2.6429 3=1.0571 3=2 6123 4=4 4048 4=35.238 4=3.5238 4 = 1.4095 4=3 4830
5=5 5060 5=44.048 5=4.4048 5 = 1.7619 5=4 3538 6=6 6071 6=52.857 6=5.2857 6=2.1143 6=5 2245 7=7 7083 7=61.667 7=6.1667 7=2.4667 7=6 0953 8 = 8 8095 8=70.476 8=7.0476 8=2.8190 8 = 6 9660 9=9 9107 9=79.286 9=7.9286 9=3.1714 9=7 8368
0.9081 =1 0.113 51=1 1.1351=1 2.838 = 1 1 . 1484 = 1 1.8162=2 0.227 03=2 2.2703=2 5.676=2 2.2969=2 2.7243 =3 0.340 54=3 3.4054=3 8.514=3 3.4453 =3 3.6324=4 0.454 05=4 4.5405=4 11.351=4 4.5937=4
4.5405=5 0.567 57=5 5.6757=5 14.189=5 5.7422=5 5.4487=6 0.681 08=6 6.8108=6 17.027=6 6.8906=6 6.3568=7 0.794 59=7 7.9460=7 19.865=7 8.0390=7 7.2649=8 0.908 11 =8 9.0811 =8 22.703=8 9.1875=8 8.1730 =9 1.021 62=9 10.2162=9 25.541 =9 10.3359 =9
7.6. MASS
Apothe- Avoirdu- Avoirdu- Grains Grams caries 3rams Troy Grams pois Grams pois Kilo- drams ounces ounces pounds grams
(grain) (g) (dr ap or 3 (g) (oz t) (g) (oz avdp) (g) (lb avdp) (kg)
1 = 0 064 7989 1= 3 887 93 1 = 31 1035 1 = 28.3495 1 =0 453 592 2 =0.129 5978 2= 7 775 87 2 = 62 2070 2 = 56.6990 2 =0 907 185 3 = 0 194 3967 3=11 663 80 3 = 93 3104 3 = 85.0486 3 = 1 360 777 4 =0 259 1956 4 = 15 551 74 4 = 124 4139 4 = 113.3981 4 = 1 814 369
5 =0 323 9946 5 = 19 439 67 5 = 155 5174 5 = 141.7476 5 =2 267 962 6 =0 388 7935 6=23 327 61 6 = 186 6209 6 = 170.0971 6 =2 721 554 7 = 0 453 5924 7=27 215 54 7 = 217 7243 7 = 198.4467 7 = o 175 147 8 =0 518 3913 8=31 103 48 8 = 248 8278 8 = 226.7962 8 =3 628 739 9 =0 583 1902 9=34.991 41 9 =279 9313 9 =255.1457 9 =4 082 331
15.4324 =1 0.257 206=1 0 032 1507 = 1 0 035 2740 = 1 2.204 62 = 1 30.8647 =2 0.514 412=2 0 064 3015 = 2 0 070 5479 =2 4.409 25 =2 46.2971 =3 0.771 618=3 0 096 4522 =3 0 105 8219 = 3 6.613 87 =3 61.7294 =4 1.028 824=4 0 128 6030 = 4 0 141 0958 = 4 8.818 49 =4
77.1618 =5 1.286 030=5 0 160 7537 =5 0 176 3698 = 5 11.023 11 =5 92.5941 =6 1.543 236=6 0 192 9045 = 6 0 211 6438 = 6 13.227 74 =6 108 0265 =7 1.800 442 =7 0 225 0552 = 7 0 246 9177 =7 15.432 36 =7 123.4589 =8 2.057 648=8 0 257 2060 = 8 0 282 1917 = 8 17.636 98 =8 138.8912 =9 2.314 854=9 0 289 3567 = 9 0 317 4657 = 9 19.841 60 =9
13 7.7. COMPARISON OF THE VARIOUS TONS AND POUNDS IN USE IN THE UNITED STATES (FROM 1 TO 9 UNITS)
Troy pounds Avoirdupois pounds Kilograms Short tons Long tons Metric tons
1 0 822 86 0.373 24 0.000 411 43 0.000 367 35 0 000 373 24 2 1 645 71 0.746 48 0.000 822 86 0.000 734 69 0 000 746 48 3 2 408 57 1.119 73 0.001 234 29 0.001 102 04 0 001 119*73 4 3 291 43 1.492 97 0.001 645 71 0.001 469 39 0 001 492 .97
5 4 114 29 1.866 21 0.002 057 14 0.001 836 73 0 001' "866 21 6 4 937 14 2.239 45 0.002 468 57 0.002 204 08 0 002f239 45 7 5 760 00 2.612 69 0.002 880 00 0.002 571 43 0 002 612 69 8 6 582 86 2.985 93 0.003 291 43 0.002 938 78 0 002 985 93 9 7 405 71 3.359 18 0.003 702 86 0.003 306 12 0 003 359 18
1 215 28 1 0.453 59 0.0005 0.000 446 43 0 000 453 59 2 430 56 2 0.907 18 0.0010 0.000 892 86 0 000 907 18 3 645 83 3 1.360 78 0.0015 0.001 339 29 0 001 360 78 4 861 11 4 1.814 37 0.0020 0.001 785 71 o 001 814 37
6 076 39 5 2.267 96 0.0025 0.002 232 14 0 002 267 96 7 291 67 6 2.721 55 0.0030 0.002 678 57 0 002 721 55 8 506 94 7 3.175 15 0.0035 0.003 125 00 0 003 175 15 9 722 22 8 3.628 74 0.0040 0.003 571 43 0 003 628 74 10 937 50 9 4.082 33 0.0045 0.004 017 86 0 004 082 33
2 679 23 2 204 62 1 0.001 102 31 0.000 984 21 0 001 5 358 46 4 409 25 2 0.002 204 62 0.001 968 41 0 002 8 037 69 6 613 87 3 0.003 306 93 0.002 952 62 o 003 10 716 92 8 818 49 4 0.004 409 25 0.003 936 83 0 004
13 396 14 11 023 11 5 0.005 511 56 0.004 921 03 0 005 16 075 37 13 227 74 6 0.006 613 87 0.005 905 24 0 006 18 754 60 15 432 36 7 0.007 716 18 0.006 889 45 o 007 21 433 83 17 636 98 8 0.008 818 49 0.007 873 65 0 008 24 113 06 19 841 60 9 0.009 920 80 0.008 857 86 o 009
2 430 56 2 000 907.18 1 0.892 86 0 907 18 4 861 11 4 000 1 814.37 2 1.785 71 1 814 37 7 291 67 6 000 2 721.55 3 2.678 57 2 721 55 9 722 22 8 000 3 628.74 4 3.571 43 3 628 74
12 152 78 10 000 4 535.92 5 4.464 29 4 535 92 14 583 33 12 000 5 443.11 6 5.357 14 5 443 11 17 013 89 14 000 6 350.29 7 6.250 00 6 350 29 19 444 44 16 000 7 257.48 8 7.142 86 7 257 48 21 875 00 18 000 8 164.66 9 8.035 71 8 164 66
2 722 22 2 240 1 016.05 1.12 1 1 016 05 5 444 44 4 480 2 032.09 2.24 2 2 032 09 8 166 67 6 720 3 048.14 3.36 3 3 048 14 10 888 89 8 960 4 064.19 4.48 4 4 064 19
13 611 11 11 200 5 080.23 5.60 5 5 080 23 16 333 33 13 440 6 096.28 6.72 6 6 096 28 19 055 56 15 680 7 112.33 7.84 7 7 112 33 21 777 78 17 920 8 128.38 8.96 8 8 128 38 24 500 00 20 160 9 144.42 10.08 9 9 144 42
2 679 23 2 204 62 1 000 1.102 31 0.984 21 1 5 358 46 4 409 25 2 000 2.204 62 1.968 41 2 8 037 69 6 613 87 3 000 3 306.93 2.952 62 3 10 716 92 8 818 49 4 000 4.409 25 3.936 83 4
13 396 14 11 023 11 5 000 5.511 56 4.921 03 5 16 075 37 13 227 74 6 000 6.613 87 5 905.24 6 18 754 60 15 432 36 7 000 7.716 18 6.889 45 7 21 433 83 17 636 98 8 000 8 818.49 7 873.65 8 24 113 06 19 841 60 9 000 9.920 80 8.857 86 9
14 8. SPECIAL TABLES
8.1. LENGTH—INCHES AND MILLIMETERS—EQUIVALENTS OF DECIMAL AND BINARY FRACTIONS OF AN INCH IN MILLIMETERS M
From 1/64 to 1 Inch
Decimals Decimals M's 8ths 16ths 32ds 64ths Milli- of Inch 8ths 16ths 32ds 64ths Milli- of meters an inch meters an inch
1 = 0.397 0.015625 33 = 13.097 0.515625 1 2 = .794 .03125 17 34 = 13.494 .63125 3 = 1.191 .046875 35 = 13.891 .540875 1 2 4 = 1.588 .0625 9 18 36 = 14.288 .5625
5 = 1.984 .078125 37 = 14.684 .578125 3 6 = 2.381 .09375 19 38 = 15.081 .59375 7 = 2.778 . 109375 39 = 15.478 .609375 1 2 4 8 - 3.175 .1250 5 10 20 40 = 15.875 .625
9 = 3.572 . 140625 41 = 16.272 .640625 5 10 = 3.969 . 15625 21 42 = 16.669 .65625 11 = 4.366 .171875 43 = 17.066 .671875 3 6 12 = 4.762 .1875 11 22 44 = 17.462 .6875
13 = 5.159 .203125 45 = 17.859 .703125 7 14 = 5.556 .21875 23 46 = 18.256 .71875 15 = 5.953 .234375 47 = 18.653 .734375 1 2 4 8 16 = 6.350 .2500 3 6 12 24 48 = 19.050 .75
17 = 6.747 .265625 49 = 19.447 .765625 g 18 = 7.144 .28125 25 50 = 19.844 .78125 19 = 7.541 .296875 51 =20.241 .796875 5 10 20 = 7.938 .3125 13 26 52 = 20.638 .8125
21 = 8.334 .328125 53 =21.034 .828125 11 22 = 8.731 .34375 27 54 =21.431 .84375 23 = 9.128 .359375 55 = 21.828 .859375 3 6 12 24 = 9.525 .3750 7 14 28 56 =22.225 .875
25 = 9.922 .390625 57 =22.622 .890625 13 26 = 10.319 .40625 29 58 =23.019 .90625^ 27 = 10.716 .421875 59 =23.416 .921875 7 14 28 = 11.112 .4375 15 30 60 =23.812 .9375
29 = 11.509 .453125 61 =24.209 .953125 15 30 = 11.906 .46875 31 62 =24.606 .96875 31 = 12.303 .484375 63 =25.003 .984375 1 2 4 8 16 32 = 12.700 .5 i 2 4 8 16 32 64 =25.400 1.000
8.2. LENGTH—HUNDREDTHS OF AN INCH TO MILLIMETERS
From 1 to 99 Hundredths
Hun- dredths of an 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 inch
0 0 254 0.508 0 762 1.016 1 270 1.524 1 778 2 032 2.286 10 2.540 2 794 3.048 3 302 3.556 3 810 4.064 4 318 4 572 4.826 20 5.080 5 334 5.588 5 842 6.096 6 350 6.604 6 858 7 112 7.306 30 7.620 7 874 8.128 8 382 8.636 8 890 9.144 9 398 9 652 9.906 40 10.160 10 414 10.668 10 922 11.176 11 430 11.684 11 938 12 192 12.446
50 12.700 12 954 13.208 13 462 13.716 13 .970 14.224 14 .478 14 .732 14.986 60 15.240 15 494 15.748 16 002 16.256 16 510 16.764 17 018 17 .272 17.526 70 17.780 18 034 18.288 18 542 18.796 19 050 19.304 19 558 19 .812 20.066 80 20.320 20 574 20.828 21 082 21.336 21 590 21.844 22 .098 22 .352 22.606 90 22.860 23 114 23.368 23 622 23.876 24 .130 24.384 24 .638 24 .892 25.146
8.3. LENGTH—MILLIMETERS TO DECIMALS OF AN INCH
From 1 to 99 Units
Milli- meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 03937 0 07874 0 11811 0.15748 0.19685 0.23622 0 27559 0 31496 0.35433 10 0.39370 0 43307 0 47244 0 51181 0.55118 0.59055 0.62992 0 66929 0 70866 0.74803 ! 20 0.78740 0 82677 0 86614 0 90551 0.94488 0.98425 1.02362 1 06299 1 10236 1.14173 30 1.18110 1 22047 1 25984 1 29921 1.33858 1.37795 1.41732 1 45669 1 49606 1.53543 40 1.57480 1 61417 1 65354 1 69291 1.73228 1.77165 1.81102 1 85039 1 88976 1.92913]
50 1.96850 2 00787 2 04724 2 08661 2.12598 2.16535 2.20472 2 24409 2 28346 2.32283 60 2.36220 2 40157 2 44094 2 48031 2.51968 2.55905 2.59842 2 63779 2 67716 2.71653 70 2.75590 2 79527 2 83464 2 87401 2.91338 2.95275 2.99212 3 03149 3 07086 3.11023 80 3.14960 3 18897 3 22834 3 26771 3.30708 3.34645 3.38582 3 42519 3 46456 3.50393 90 3.54330 3 58267 3 62204 3 66141 3.70078 3.74015 3.77952 3 81889 3 85826 3.89763
15 8.4. LENGTH—INTERNATIONAL NAUTICAL MILES AND KILOMETERS
Basic relation: International nautical mile = 1.852 kilometers.
Int. nautical Int. nautical Int. nautical Int. nautical miles Kilometers miles Kilometers Kilometers miles Kilometers miles
u ou 00 Aon 0 50 9ft QQ7S i 1.852 1 94.452 1 0.5400 1 27.5378 2 3.704 2 96.304 2 1.0799 2 28.0778 3 5.556 3 98.156 3 1.6199 3 28.6177 4 7.408 4 100.008 4 2.1598 4 29.1577
1 ni of,n 9 2G0 1U1 • ouu 5 2.6998 5 9Q 6Q76 6 ll!ll2 6 103.712 6 3! 2397 6 30.2376 7 12.964 7 105.564 7 3.7797 7 30.7775 8 14.816 8 107.416 8 4.3197 8 31.3175 9 16.668 9 109.268 9 4.8596 9 31.8575 Q9 0074 10 18.520 60 111 . 120 10 60 ' > — . - J J J 't 1 20.372 1 112 .'972 1 5.9395 1 32.9374 2 22.224 2 114.824 2 6.4795 2 33.4773 3 24.076 3 116.676 3 7.0194 3 34.0173 4 25.928 4 118.528 4 7.5594 4 34.5572
c 27.780 5 5 8.0994 5 5k nQ79 6 29! 632 6 122.232 6 8.' 6393 6 35.6371
7 31.484 7 124.084 il .. rifts'. 9.1793 7 36.1771 8 33.336 8 125.936 8 9.7192 8 36.7171 9 35.188 9 127.788 9 10.2592 9 37.2570
1 20 37 . 040 70 9Q fi40 20 10.7991 70 37.7970 1 38^892 1 131.492 1 ll!3391 1 38! 3369 2 40.744 2 133.344 2 11.8790 2 38.8769 3 42.596 3 135.196 3 12.4190 3 39.4168 4 44.448 4 137.048 4 12.9590 4 39.9568 1Q 5 46.300 5 100 • yuu 5 4QQQ 5 40 4QRR 6 48.152 6 140.752 6 14.0389 6 41.0367 7 50.004 7 142.604 7 14.5788 7 41.5767 8 51.856 8 144.456 8 15.1188 8 42.1166 9 53.708 9 146.308 9 15.6587 9 42.6566
±*\ iorc; 30 80 148. 160 30 16 1987 80 rto . lyoo 1 57.412 1 15o!oi2 1 1617387 1 43.7365 2 59.264 2 151.864 2 17.2786 2 44.2765 3 61.116 3 153.716 3 17.8186 3 44.8164 4 62.968 4 155.568 4 18.3585 4 45.3564 K 5 64 . 820 5 157.420 10.IS otfSJQS^00 6 66 .'672 6 159 .'272 6 19.4384 6 46.4363 7 68.524 7 161.124 7 19.9784 7 46.9762 8 70.376 8 162.976 8 20.5184 8 47.5162 9 72.228 9 164.828 9 21.0583 9 48.0662
40 74.080 90 166.680 40 21.5983 90 48.5961 1 75.932 1 168.532 1 22.1382 1 49.1361
2 77 . 784 2 170.384 2 22.6782 2 49 . 6760 3 79.636 3 172.236 3 23.2181 3 50.2160 4 81.488 4 174.088 4 23.7581 4 50.7559
5 83.340 5 175.940 5 24.2981 5 51.2959 6 85.192 6 177.792 6 24.8380 6 51.8359 87.044 7 179.644 7 25.3780 7 52.3758 8 88.896 8 181.496 8 25.9179 8 52.9158 9 90.748 9 183.348 9 26.4579 9 53.4557 100 185.200 100 53.9957
16 8.5. COMPOUND UNITS
Equivalents for compound units such as velocity, densitj7', and pressure may be found from the tables of the basic units. In some cases the equivalents will be found directly in the tables of this publication, but in most cases a calculation will be necessary using two or more tables sometimes with other physical data such as 60 seconds = 1 minute. A few typical ex- amples are shown below:
Velocity
1 foot per second = 0 . 3048 meter per second
. 0.3048 1 foot per second = meter per minute 60
1 foot per minute = 0 . 304S X 60 meters per second (see appropriate length conversion tables)
Acceleration
1 foot per second per second = 0 . 3048 meter per second per second
, 0.3048 1 foot Fper second per second =——— meter per minute per minute * 60X60
1 foot per minute per minute = 0 . 3048 X 60 X 60 meters per second per second (see appropriate length conversion tables)
Density
453 592 37 1 pound per cubic foot== — — grams per cubic centimeter x ^™ 28 316.846 592
(see appropriate mass and volume conversion tables)
Mass (or Weight) per Unit Length
, . 0.453 592 37 1 pound per yard= — — ku°gram per meter $144.
(see appropriate mass and length conversion tables)
Pressure
0 453 592 37 1 pound per square inch=—: — kilograms per square centimeter 6.4516
(see appropriate mass and area conversion tables)
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