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Lista De Aves.Cdr Lista de Aves de Salta Birds Checklist F. Moschione, O. Spitznagel y M. González Foto tapa – Gabriel Núñez: Palomita Ojo Desnudo (Metriopelia morenoi) Fotos contratapa – Cristian Domínguez: Pava (Penelope obscura); Ruisruis (Drymornis bridgesii); Cherca (Phrygilus atriceps) Fotos página central – Ricardo Cenzano: Pato de Torrente (Merganetta armata); Cerquero Cabeza Castaña (Atlapetes fulviceps) – Sebastián D’Ingianti: Paraba (Primolius auricollis) – Gabriel Núñez: Picaflor Blanco (Leucippus chionogaster); Viudita de Río (Sayornis nigricans); Telegrafista (Picumnus cirratus); Tomerito (Cinclus schulzi) – Rocío Urzagasti: Tirro (Melanerpes cactorum); Viudita (Knipolegus aterrimus) Cita recomendada F. Moschione, O. Spitznagel y M. González. 2014. Lista de Aves de Salta (Birds Checklist). Ministerio de Cultura y Turismo. Salta. (versión Mayo 2014). INTRODUCCIÓN La diversidad de aves de un territorio determinado, no sólo constituye un importante patrimonio cultural-natural y un recurso turístico, sino un indicador de su calidad ecológica y por lo tanto, de su potencial de desarrollo. Salta, con una superficie de 155.488 km2, es la provincia con mayor riqueza de aves de la Argentina. En ella habitan 657 especies, que representan más del 65% de las existentes en el país. Su posición septentrional, alcanzando el Trópico de Capricornio, y su compleja geografía de llanuras y montañas con amplio rango altitudinal (entre 50-6700 msnm), posibilitan el desarrollo de condiciones tropicales cálidas hasta nivales. Las variadas exposiciones de valles y serranías con ocurrencia de climas locales áridos a húmedos permiten la formación desde bosques tropicales hasta ambientes xéricos de altura, así como diversos humedales. Estas condiciones dotan a la Provincia de una notable biodiversidad. Las aves resultan un grupo altamente diverso en Salta, otorgándole un especial interés para la realización de estudios científicos pero también para el emprendimiento de aprovechamientos extractivos y no extractivos y, especialmente, para su uso como recurso turístico. Consecuentemente, observadores de aves nacionales y extranjeros visitan asiduamente nuestra Provincia. Con el objeto de poner a disposición de los interesados una compilación sistemática actualizada de la avifauna salteña, sintetizamos estudios de campo, propios y de colegas, recabados a lo largo de toda la provincia en los últimos 25 años. Pretendemos establecer una base de comparación respecto de información anterior y a futuro y rescatar sitios y especies de valor particular, intentando contribuir a la planificación de usos del territorio, conservación, turismo, valorización cultural y a la actividad de observación de aves en el ámbito provincial. Las amenazas derivadas del desmonte y la artificialización, que ocurren en Not only does the diversity of birds in a particular territory constitute an important, cultural, natural and touristic resource, but it is also an indicator of its ecological quality. Therefore it is an indicator of its potential for development. Salta, which has a surface of 155.488 km2 and 657 bird species, has the greatest variety of birds in Argentina, representing more than 65 percent of bird species in the country. Its northern position which reaches the tropic of Capricorn and its complex geography of praries and mountains with wide altitudinal range (between 50 to 6700 metres above sea level), make it possible for the development of warm tropical conditions to nivals. The wide display of landscapes, valleys and mountain ranges with local dry and humid weather makes it possible for the development of tropical and humid forests to xeric environment as well as different wetlands. These conditions give the province a noticeable diversity. There is a wide variety of birds in Salta. This allows scientific studies as well as the entrepreneurship of extractive and non-extractive exploitation, and specially for touristic use. Consequently, national and foreign bird-watchers visit our province regularly. In order to offer a systematic and updated collection of birds and fauna, from Salta province to anyone who might be interested. We summarize informatin taken from our own sources as well as from our colleagues, collected throughout the province in the last 25 years. Our aim is to make a database of comparison regarding past and future information, to save sites and species of particular value, trying to contribute to the planning of usage of the territory, cultural value and bird-watching activity in the province. Threats from clearing and artificiality that occur in wide areas would be reduced if society appreciated 3 La información se presenta en forma de lista sistemática siguiendo al South American Classification Committee (SACC, 2014) para la nomenclatura científica de las especies y familias y los nombres tipificados en inglés. Sin embargo diferenciamos algunas formas geográficas que, aunque finalmente podrían corresponder a poblaciones de la misma especie, presentan características claramente diferenciables a campo y permiten su asignación independiente (se indican entre paréntesis). Considerando que la taxonomía avanza continuamente incorporando conocimientos que pretenden reflejar la radiación evolutiva y el parentesco entre las especies, muchas veces los nombres científicos no se corresponden con los habitualmente consignados en las guías de campo tradicionales. Reconociendo esta dificultad y con el fin de facilitar el manejo, utilizamos los nombres comunes referidos por la guía más difundida (Narosky e Yzurieta, 1987 y reds.). Buscando revalorizar los nombres locales folklóricos utilizados en Salta, indicamos tal denominación cuando existiera antes del nombre vulgar. A continuación de los nombres se consignó para cada especie la siguiente información: Zonas de Vida Hemos agrupado en 4 amplias categorías los ambientes presentes en Salta: C - c : Chaco: corresponde a la región biogeográfica chaqueña, incluyendo la zona central del Valle de Lerma. Y- y: Yungas: región de las Yungas, incluyendo pedemonte, chaco serrano húmedo y matorrales de altura húmedos. V -v: Monte: regiones del monte y la prepuna comprendiendo fundamentalmente los Valles Calchaquíes The information is presented as systematic lists, following the South American Classification Committee (SACC, 2014) , for the scientific nonmenclature of species and families as well as the categorized names in English. However, we will differentiate some ecological forms that may correspond to the population of the same species that present distinctive characteristics to field, and allow its independent assignment (indicated between rounded brackets). Considering that the taxonomy progresses continuosly by adding new terms that reflect the adaptive radiation and the relationship between species. Many times, the scientific terms do not correspond to the names usually assigned to the traditional field guides. Acknowledging this difficulty and, in order to simplify the handling of terms, we use common names, suggested by the most widely spread guide (Narosky e Yzurieta, 1987 y reds.). The following website can be consulted in order to have a chart of equivalences between SAAC and the mentioned guide. In order to reassess the local and flk names used in Salta, we will indicate such names, if existed before the common term. After the names, the following information was assigned to every species. Place of living: We have grouped the different environment, present in Salta into 4 categories: C-c: Chaco: It includes the biogeographical region of Chaco, including the central area of the Lerma Valley. Y-y: Yungas: Yunga region including foothills, humid Chaco Serrano and humid scrubland 4 Muchas especies frecuentan más de un ambiente, por encontrar distintos hábitats adecuados, a consecuencia de migraciones o movimientos estacionales. Se detallan en mayúscula los ambientes frecuentados por la especie y en letra minúscula aquellos donde su presencia es ocasional. (a)_indica las especies acuáticas, íntimamente ligadas a humedales más allá de las condiciones generales de la región en que se hallan ubicados. Presencia La regularidad de presencia de una especie se indica como: Many species live in more than one environment, to find different and suitable habitats, due to migrations or seasonal movements. In capital letters, the most visited environment by the specie, and in lower case, the environment whose presence is rare, optional and not so frequent. (a): Indicated water species, clearly connected to wetlands beyond the general conditions of the region, where they are placed. Presence: The frequency of the presence of the species is indicated as: R: Resident: Its presence is normal and regular in the province for an annual or for a seasonal period of time. O: Occasional: The specie is found in the province, in a regular or sporadic way. 5 Vinculado con las condiciones anteriores, muchas especies realizan movimientos migratorios y su presencia en Salta es estacional, en tales casos se indica: E – e_Estival: presente sólo en los meses cálidos. I – i_Invernal: especie presente sólo en el invierno. Si no se indica la estacionalidad, la presencia es anual. La indicación en minúscula indica una condición predominante pero no excluyente. ? señala incertidumbre en la indicación provista. Observabilidad La posibilidad de observación de la especie es considerada para la Zona de Vida indicada en mayúscula; cuando aparece en minúscula, la probabilidad de registro dentro de ese ambiente es menor: 1_Muy difícil/Muy Raro de observar:
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