Modern History
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CONTENTS MODERN HISTORY 1. ADVENT OF EUROPEANS ........01-07 The Dual System ........................................26 Introduction ..............................................01 Regulating Act of 1773 ...............................26 The Portuguese .........................................01 PITT India Act 1784 ...................................27 The English ...............................................03 The Charter Acts .......................................27 The Dutch .................................................05 Judicial System .........................................28 The Danes ................................................05 Conclusion: Impact of British ......................30 Administration The French ...............................................06 Conclusion: Impact of Europeans .................06 5. ECONOMIC POLICIES OF .......31-36 on India’s Foreign Trade THE BRITISH 2. APPROACH OF EAST .............08-19 Introduction ..............................................31 INDIA COMPANY IN INDIA Three Phases of Colonial Exploitation ...........31 Introduction ............................................... 8 Land Revenue Policy ..................................33 Contest for Trade Monopoly in India............... 9 Impact of British Policy on .........................34 Indian Handicrafts Bengal .....................................................10 Development of Indigenous Industries...........35 Anglo-French Rivalry ..................................13 (During Finance imperialism phase) Anglo-Mysore Wars ....................................14 Drain of Wealth Theory ...............................36 Anglo Maratha Wars ...................................16 The Subsidiary Alliance System ...................19 6. SOCIO-RELIGIOUS REFORMS ..37-47 Introduction ..............................................37 3. SECOND PHASE OF BRITISH .....20-24 Hindu Reform Movements/Bengal ................37 EXPANSION IN INDIA Renaissance Introduction ..............................................20 Muslim Socio-Religious Reform Movements ..43 The Conquest of Sindh ...............................20 Sikh Reform Movements .............................45 Anglo-Sikh Wars ........................................20 Parsi Reform Movement ..............................46 Doctrine of Lapse.......................................22 Conclusion: Impact of Reform Movements .....47 Annexation of Oudh ....................................24 7. PEASANT & TRIBAL ............. 48-61 4. ADMINISTRATION ................25-30 MOVEMENTS BEFORE 1857 Tribal Movements ......................................52 Introduction ..............................................25 Factors Responsible for Tribal Movements .....55 3 Introduction ...................................................62 The Extremist (1905-1920) .........................89 Political Causes.........................................62 Differences between the Moderates .............91 and the Extremists 8. THE REVOLT OF 1857 .............62-70 Congress Sessions.....................................91 Administrative Causes ................................63 Economic Causes .......................................64 13. REVOLUTIONARY .................... 94-98 Socio-Religious Causes ..............................65 NATIONALISM Introduction ..............................................94 Military Causes .........................................65 Revolutionary Activities in Maharashtra ........94 The Beginning and Spread of The Mutiny ......66 and Revolt Revolutionary Activities in Bengal ................95 Centers of The Revolt .................................67 Revival of Revolutionary Nationalism ............95 Causes of Failure of the Revolt .....................68 Revolutionary Activities Outside India ...........97 Impact of The Revolt ..................................68 Partition of Bengal .....................................99 Nature of The Revolt...................................69 14. INDIAN NATIONAL ...............99-104 9. INTRODUCTION & EVOLUTION ..71-75 MOVEMENT - I (1905-1918) OF ENGLISH EDUCATION Swadeshi Movement ................................100 Introduction ..............................................71 Muslim League, 1906 ...............................102 Objectives behind Introduction of ................71 Indian Council Act (Morley-Minto Act) ........102 Modern Education ......................................71 1909 Spread of Christianity .................................71 Ghadar Party, 1913 ..................................102 Komagata Maru Incident 1914 ...................103 Wood’s Dispatch ........................................72 The Lucknow Pact (1916) ..........................103 Drawbacks of the Company’s System of ........73 Education Home Rule Movement ...............................103 Efforts After 1857 ......................................73 August Declaration, 1917 ..........................104 Introduction .................................................105 10. PRESS UNDER BRITISH RULE ....76-81 Gandhian Satyagraha in India .....................105 Introduction ..............................................76 Vernacular Journalism ................................76 15. INDIAN NATIONAL ............105-113 Gandhi and Jouranalism ..............................77 MOVEMENT -II (1918-1929) Various Laws Against Indian Press ...............77 The Government of India Act, 1919 .............106 Important Journals/Newspaper ....................79 Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh ..............107 Massacre (1919) 11. EVOLUTION & GROWTH ..........82-86 Khilafat Movement ...................................107 OF NATIONALISM The Non-Cooperation Movement ...............108 (1920-22) Introduction ..............................................82 Nagpur Session of Congress 1920 ..............110 Political Associations in India ......................83 Swaraj Party ...........................................110 The Indian Association ...............................84 Simon Commission (1927) ........................111 12. INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS..87-93 Nehru Report (1928) ................................112 Introduction ..............................................87 Jinnah’s Fourteen Points ...........................112 The Moderate (1885-1905) .........................87 Lahore Session, 1929 ...............................113 4 16. INDIAN NATIONAL ............114-124 Simon Commission ..................................131 MOVEMENT - III (1930-1947) Government of India Act, 1935 ...................132 Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1931) ..114 Indian Independence Act, 1947 ..................133 First Round Table Conference, 1930 ............114 Gandhi-Irwin Pact, 1931 ...........................115 18. GOVERNOR GENERALS ...... 134-142 Karachi Session of 1931 ...........................115 DURING BRITISH INDIA Second Round Table Conference, 1931 ........116 Governor of Bengal .......................................134 Poona Pact, 1932 ....................................116 Robert Clive (1754-1767) ..........................134 Government of India Act, 1935 ...................117 Governor Generals of Bengal (1773-1833) ...134 World War II and Indian Nationalism ............118 Lord Warren Hastings (1773-1785) .............134 Cripps Mission (1942) ..............................119 Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793) .....................135 Quit India Movement ................................119 Sir John Shore (1793-1798) ......................135 Indian National Army ................................120 Lord George Barlow (1805-1807)................135 I.N.A. Trials ............................................121 Lord Minto-I (1807-1813) ..........................136 R.I.N. Rebellion .......................................121 Francis Rawdon Hastings (1813-1823): ......136 Rajagopalachari Formula, 1945 ..................122 (Marques of Hastings) Cabinet Mission (1946) .............................122 Lord Amherst (1823-28) ...........................136 Jinnah Direct Action Resolution .................123 Governor Generals of India (1828-1858) ........136 Mountbatten Plan of June 1947 .................123 Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835) ............136 Indian Independence Act 1947 ...................123 Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835-1836)...............136 Lord Auckland (1836-1842) .......................137 17. CONSTITUTIONAL ............125-133 Lord Ellenborough (1842-1844)..................137 DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA Lord Hardinge-I (1844-1848) .....................137 Introduction ............................................125 Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856 great ...............137 The Company Rule (1773–1858) ................125 imperialist and colonist) Regulating Act, 1773 ................................125 Viceroys of India (1858-1947) .......................138 Amending Act, 1781 .................................126 Lord Canning (1856-1857 and 1858-1862) ...138 Pitt’s India Act, 1784 ................................126 Lord Elgin-I (1862-1863) ...........................138 Act of 1786 .............................................126 Lord Lawrence (1862-1869) ......................138 Charter Act, 1793 ....................................126 Lord Mayo (1869-1872) ............................138 Charter Act, 1813 ....................................126 Lord North Brook (1872-1876) ...................138