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दिल्ली पुदिस क ांस्टेबि-2020 Delhi Police Constable-2020

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दिल्ली पुदिस क ांस्टेबि-2020 Delhi Police Constable-2020 दिल्ली पुदिस क 車स्टेबि-2020 Delhi Police Constable-2020 DELHI POLICE CONSTABLE-2020 • Number of vacancies : 5846 • For Males : 3902 • For Females : 1944 • Last date : 7th September (11:30 pm) • Date of Computer Based Exam : 27th November to 14th December • Physical Endurance & Measurement Test (PE & MT): Qualifying in nature EXAM PATTERN: Negative Marking: 0.25 The computer based examination will be conducted in English and Hindi only General Knowledge/ Current Affairs: Question in this component will be aimed at testing the candidate’s general awareness. Questions will also be designed to test knowledge of current events and of such matters of every day observations and experience in their scientific aspect as may be expected of any educated person. The test will also include questions relating to India and its neighboring countries especially pertaining to Sports, History, Culture, Geography, Indian Economy, General Polity, Indian Constitution, Scientific Research etc. These Questions will be such that they do not require a special study of any discipline. The question paper shall be of Matriculation Level. History Arrival of Europeans Age of Discovery ● 1492: Columbus in America Continued…. ● Fall of Constantinople (1453): The capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turkish Sultan Mehmed II led to the blocking of the erstwhile trade routes to India & the Orient . ● This led to the desire among the European countries to find an ‘all Sea Route’ to India & the East so as to meet their demand for spices & other products. Introduction ● Colonial India is a part of the Indian subcontinent which was under the control of European colonial powers, through trade and conquest. ● The search for the wealth and prosperity of India led to the accidental "discovery" of the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492. Continued…. ● Vasco da Gama became the 1st European to re- establish direct trade links with India since Roman times by being the 1st to arrive by circumnavigating Africa (1497–99). ● Trading rivalries brought other European powers the Netherlands, England, France, & Denmark to India. Portuguese Expeditions Henry the Navigator Bartolomeu Dias Pedro Alvares Cabrall ● Dias originally named the Cape of Good Hope the Cape of Storms (Cabo das Tormentas). It was later renamed (by King John II of Portugal) the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) because it represented the opening of a route to the east. Portuguese ● The closing of the traditional trade routes in western Asia by the Ottoman Empire & rivalry with the Italian states sent Portugal in search of an alternate sea route to India. ● 1st successful voyage to India was by Vasco da Gama in 1498(17th May) , when he arrived in Calicut. ● Welcomed by Zamorin ● Permitted trade in Spices & set up a factory on the coast. Portuguese ● The colonial era in India began in 1502, when the Portuguese Empire established the 1st European trading center at Kollam (Quilon). ● 1510: Portuguese conquered the city of Goa, which had been controlled by Muslims ruler (Sultan of Bijapur). ● Portuguese established a chain of outposts along India's west coast & on the island of Ceylon in the early 16th century. ● Goa was their prized possession & the seat of Portugal's viceroy. Portugal's northern province included settlements at Daman, Diu, Baçaim (Bassein), Salsette, & Mumbai. ● The rest of the northern province, with the exception of Daman & Diu, was lost to the Maratha Empire in the early 18th century. ● 1612: Battle of Swally (start of end of Portuguese Power) ● 1661: Portugal was at war with Spain & needed support from England. ● This led to the marriage of Princess Catherine of Portugal to Charles II of England, who imposed a dowry that included the insular & less inhabited areas of southern Bombay while the Portuguese managed to retain all the mainland territory north of Bandra up to Thana & Bassein. Francisco de Almeida (1505-09) ● 1st Governor ● Followed ‘Blue water policy’: Completely concentrated on trade (didn’t interfere in local politics or evangelical activities) ● 1508: Battle of Chaul (Alliance of Sultan Mahmud Begarah of Gujarat, Egyptian Mamluk fleet) Vs Lourenco de Almeida ( was killed) ;Victory for alliance. ● 1509: Battle of Diu (Almeida defeats alliance). Alfonso de Albuquerque(1509-15) ● 2nd Governor & Real founder of the Portuguese power in the East. ● Introducing a permit system for other ships & exercising control over the major ship-building centers in the region. ● 1503: Arrived in India ● 1510: Captured Goa. ● 1511: Concluded a friendly treaty with Krishnadevaraya by which the Portuguese were to supply Arabian horses only to Vijayanagar & not to Bijapur. Continued.... ● Friar Luis, his ambassador resided at Vijayanagar. ● Abolition of sati in Goa. ● Encouraged his countrymen to take Indian wives. ● 1515: Died Other Governors: Nino da Cunha(1529-38) ● Founded settlements at Hugli (Bengal) & San Thome (near Madras) ● 1530: Transferred the capital from Cochin to Goa Portuguese India ● Portuguese were the 1st to issue cartazes. ● Their fortified outposts served as customs stations where Asian merchants had to acquire ‘Cartazes’ i.e., letters of protection which saved them from being attacked & ransacked by the Portuguese on the high seas. Thus, indulged in armed control of the sea trade. ● Through cartaze they got huge income. ● Use of Feitorias to consolidate trade ● Brought to India: Tomato, Tobacco, Potato, Chillies, Cashewnut etc. Martin Alfonso de Souza (1542-45) ● Another feature of the Portuguese presence in India was their will to evangelize & promote Catholicism. In this, the Jesuits played a fundamental role, & to this day the Jesuit missionary Saint Francis Xavier is revered among the Catholics of India. ● Francis Xavier arrived in India with him. Francis Xavier ● Converted 7 lakh untouchables [fisher folk of Goa & Konkan-‘Marawaras’ of Coromandal] to Christianity; ● Went to China but before leaving expressed his desire to be buried at Goa. ● Died & buried in China; ● His disciples embalmed his body & reburied it in Goa ● Bom Jesus Basilica at Goa (contains mummy of St. Xavier). Dutch ● Dutch East India Company was formed in 1602. (United East India Company) ● Company established trading posts on different parts along the Indian coast. ● 1605: 1st Factory -Masulipatnam ● For some while, they controlled the Malabar coast (Cochin) & the Coromandel coast (Golconda, Kakinada, Pulicat, Nagapatam) & Surat (1616). ● Dutch also established trading stations in Travancore & Tamil Nadu as well as at Rajshahi & Murshidabad, Patna , Balasore , & Ava, Arakan & Syriam in Myanmar. ● Replaced Portuguese as the most dominant power in European trade with the East. ● They exported indigo, raw silk, cotton textiles, saltpetre, rice & opium from India. Anglo-Dutch Rivalry ● 1759: Defeat of the Dutch, in the Battle of Hooghly/Battle of Bedara . (dealt a crushing blow to Dutch ambitions in India). ● The Dutch later became less involved in India, as they had the Dutch East Indies as their prized possession. ● The Dutch were not much interested in empire building in India; their concerns were trade.(Monopolized trade in black pepper & spices) Danish ● Formed an East India company & arrived in India in 1616 ● Denmark was a minor colonial power to set foot in India. ● It established trading outposts in Tranquebar (1620 1st factory) ,Serampore (HQ 1755), Calicut (1752) & Nicobar Islands (1750s). ● Their outposts lost economic & strategic importance, & Tranquebar, the last outpost, was sold to the British in 1845. ● They were more concerned with missionary works. French ● Following others, French also established trading bases in India. ● 1664: Formation of the Compagnie des Indes Orientales (French East India Company) by Louis XIV on the advise of Finance Minister Colbert. ● French company was created ,financed & controlled by the state & it differed from the English company which was a private commercial venture. Who among the following Europeans, were the last to come to pre independence India as traders? (a) Dutch (b) British (c) French (d) Portuguese Dutch - 1602, 1st Factory - 1605 at Masulipatnam British - 1600, 1st Factory - 1613 Surat French - 1664, 1st Factory - 1668 Surat Portuguese - 1498, 1st Factory - 1503 Cochin ● 1668: 1st factory established at Surat by Francois Caron. ● 1669: 2nd factory established at Masulipatam ● 1674:Trading center was established in Pondicherry . ● 1st Governor of Pondicherry - Francois Martin (1674- 93;1697-1706). ● Pondicherry was captured by the Dutch in 1693 but handed back to the French in 1697 (Treaty of Ryswick). ● 1673: Chandernagore (was acquired from Shaista Khan, Mughal governor of Bengal). ● 1720-42: Lenoir & Dumas (governors) revived French power in India. ● They occupied Mahe (1725) , Yanam (1723) & Karaikal (1739). ● 1742: Lord Dupleix becomes the governor at Pondicherry. ● They were constantly in conflict with the Dutch & later on mainly with the British in India. ● Change in objective from commercial motive to imperial expansion ● Between 1744 & 1761, the British & the French repeatedly attacked & conquered each other's forts & towns in southeastern India & in Bengal in the northeast. ● After some initial French successes, the British decisively defeated the French in 1761 in the Battle of Wandiwash ● By the Treaty of Paris, Pondicherry & some other French settlements were returned to the French. ● The enclaves of Pondicherry, Karaikal, Yanam, Mahe & Chandernagore were integrated with the India in 1954. French Governors of Pondicherry
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