Dutch Power 1. the Real Founder of Dutch Power in India Was Jan Linschoten and the Dutch Company Is Sometimes Called Jan Van Company

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Dutch Power 1. the Real Founder of Dutch Power in India Was Jan Linschoten and the Dutch Company Is Sometimes Called Jan Van Company Dutch Power 1. The real founder of Dutch power in India was Jan Linschoten and the Dutch company is sometimes called Jan Van Company. Their Indian headquarters were @ Pulicat which they got from Raja of Chandragiri (successor of Vijaynagar empire). 2. Their 1st factory in India was @ Masaulipatnam (famous for Muslin cloth) and they got a farmaan from ruler of Golconda. 3. They were defeated by £ in Battle of Bedara (1756) and Battle of Chinsura which ended their power in India. Debate #1 Was £ Conquest Planned or an Accident? Colonial Interpretation 1. £ were busy in commercial activities. Circumstances evolved such that £ found themselves masters of India. Marshall has argued that until 1784, there was no conscious or consistent policy for the political conquest of India. The foundation and the growth of the empire was the initiative of the company officials i.e. a case of subordinate colonialism. The opportunity for such an initiative were provided by the political feud following the decline of the Mughals in India and thus the reasons for the establishment of £ empire in India need to be traced in India and not in £. 2. In the beginning the difficulties of communication with £ gave the company's officials in India virtually a free hand here to behave like their own masters. There was misinformation and lack of interest about Indian affairs in £. Thus the £ empire was a result of sub imperialism only and not any conscious policy from the metropole. 3. Their dominant objective and preoccupation was trade. True, they sought to gain more trade concessions from the native rulers and didn't hesitate in using bribery, diplomacy and sometimes military to achieve it, but their concern was not political dominance, only trade. It didn't concern itself with the political battles of the age. They fought and defeated Portuguese @ Battle of Swally Hole / Surat in 1612 and used the goodwill created to open a factory @ Surat. Then it got further privileges from Jahangir in exchange for protecting Mughal ships form Portuguese. They were never in favor of free trade anyways and used these concessions / monopolies to get an advantage over others. They opened up multiple factories for carrying out their trading operations. Their activities revolved around their settlements / factories which became the nuclei of flourishing trade activities. Nationalist Interpretation 1. This was planned. What £ did in India was not unique to India. They had done this worldwide. To go as traders and then to conquer it when the native powers decline. Phase I (1600-1749) Nature & Character of £ Strategy 1. But it is also not possible to decline the role of the metropole in this expansion. The connection between trade and the use of arms is only too obvious as a policy of the £. Also despite the apparent separation between the company and the state, the two were intimately linked in promoting England's diplomatic goals as the company owed its privileges (and the very existence) to a charter granted by the king. In the beginning, to secure wealth and independence for the crown, the Stuart kings followed an aggressive commercial policy in the Indian ocean and coast with the use of navy. There were also clear instructions on how to divide the booty between the government and the company in case of any joint campaign. 2. The island of Bombay was gifted by the crown to the company for a toke sum and it may be noted that the Portuguese gave the island of Bombay to the crown on the condition that it would be used to protect the Portuguese settlements in India. When the crown handed it over to the company, this obligation was transfered as well. 3. The company's directors in London time and again gave directives to India to follow an aggressive policy backed by military power as is evident from their letters. The company tried to do so although it is another matter that they were defeated by Aurangzeb but this can't hide the fact that it was a part of their policy. By 1750s, the company had gained decisive technological and military edge and converted its defeat into victory. If later the London authorities became averse to wars (1784 - 1813) then it was only because of the rising costs of wars and not any other reasons. 4. Then the relationship between the company and the crown was always mutually beneficial. The company used to pay gifts / tributes / loans to the crown time and again. Then again in 1698 the £ authorized the foundation of a rival company when it offered a loan of £2 mm to the crown as against the old company which was prepared to offer a loan of £700 K only. This proved that the trading rights with India were a marketable commodity which could be used by the crown. The 2 companies were merged in 1709 again and the crucial role of the company in furthering £ financial interests was recognized . In 1770s, the company agreed to pay the crown £400 K annually in return for confirming its territorial possessions in India. "Now the company was looked upon as a powerful engine in the hands of the government for the purposes of drawing from a distant country the largest revenue it is capable of yielding". The charters were now seen as providing "delegated sovereignty" while the monopoly of trade and territorial possessions were considered to be returns on the public funds invested. The regulating act of 1773 further subjected the company to crown control. Indian resources came to be seen as an important source to finance £ capitalist industrial revolution. It is thus clear that the crown wanted a share in the Indian exploits as much as the company officials. 5. Thus the search for revenue, quest for trading privileges and the imperatives of military exigencies all took the driving seat to accelerate the process of territorial conquest and erect in India the most magnificent empire that £ ever had. Evolution 1. First English factory was opened in Masaulipatnam in 1611, then in Surat in 1612. In 1639, they got Madras on lease from the local raja and the right to fortify it. This was called Fort St. George. 2. In 1633, factories were opened in Odisha (Hariharpur and Balasor) and in 1651, the factory @ Hooghly came up. In 1634, the company got the right to carry out sea trade in Bengal. 3. In 1668, the EEIC got Bombay from the £ government and immediately fortified it. It was easy to defend against Marathas, hence the centre of operations in the west shifted from Surat to Bombay. 4. Jahangir gave them right to setup trading posts anywhere in the Mughal empire. In 1651, the governor of Bengal gave them right to carry on duty free trade in Bengal in return of a lump sum payment of Rs. 3,000. These concessions were further extended by the governor of Bengal in 1698. In 1717, they got an imperial farmaan from Farukh Siyar to carry out duty free trade and other concessions. This brought them in increasing conflict with the Nawabs. 5. In 1698, the EEIC got the zamindari rights of 3 villages - Kalikata, Sutanati and Govindpur. These became Calcutta and Fort St. Williams. Fort Williams was built and fortified to counter the rebellion by a zamindar Shobha Singh. Phase II (1749-1813) Nature & Character of £ Strategy - Colonial Interpretation 1. A number of wars and battles were fought in this period by the £. Yet the element of planning and deliberate strategy was missing earlier on and evolved only slowly. Still the focus was not as much on extending direct territorial control over India as on preserving their commercial interests and political influence. For this, £ followed a strategy of using the struggles of native powers to their advantage and then to reduce them to subordinate status. 2. The £ were forced into the Carnatic wars as a result of the actions of the French. Once the French had emerged victorious in round 1, they had to fight them out even to maintain their foothold. 3. That BoP was largely due to the actions of an individual, Clive, can't be denied but at the same time, the conflicts before that which led to Siraj sacking Calcutta and subsequent £ action of recovering it shows that £ were determined to defy Indian political powers to protect their legitimate and illegitimate commercial interests. Still that the official policy was only to restore £ rule in Calcutta shows that the policy of political expansion had not been formulated yet. 4. It was after BoP that £ found themselves in possession of valuable influence in Bengal that they began to develop a policy to protect that. Though they didn't interfere in day-to-day affairs of Nawab, they retained the power to remove him or to influence major policy decisions. This led to further conflicts and BoB even though none of the warring parties wanted it. Evolution of £ strategy 1. In the post enlightenment intellectual environment, the £ also started defining themselves as a modern civilization vis a vis the orientals and this rationalized their imperial vision. The resulting £ patriotism reveled in the glory of the imperial empire. They began to look upon their imperialistic .
Recommended publications
  • East India Company - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    East India Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The English East India Company was an English and later (from 1707) East India Company British joint-stock company[1] formed for pursuing trade with the East Indies but which ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent. The East India Company traded mainly in cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, saltpetre, tea and opium. The Company was granted a Royal Charter in 1600,[2] making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies. Shares of the company were owned by wealthy merchants and aristocrats. The government owned no shares and had only indirect control. The Company eventually came to rule large areas of India Company flag after 1801 with its own private army, exercising military power and assuming Former type Public administrative functions.[3] Company rule in India effectively began in 1757 after the Battle of Plassey and lasted until 1858 when, following the Industry International trade Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the Fate Dissolved British Crown assuming direct control of India in the new British Raj. Founded 1600 The Company was dissolved in 1874 as a result of the East India Stock Defunct June 1, 1874 Dividend Redemption Act passed one year earlier, as the Government of India Act had by then rendered it vestigal, powerless and obsolete. Its Headquarters London, England functions had been fully absorbed into official government machinery in the British Raj and its private army had been nationalized by the British Colonial India Crown.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 11: Exploration of the Americas
    Unit 11: Exploration of the Americas Name: ________________________________________ Teacher: _____________________________ IB/AP World History 9 Commack High School Please Note: You are responsible for all information in this packet, supplemental handouts provided in class as well as your homework, class webpage and class discussions. A Changing Map and Protection to the North Directions: As you read, look for advantages and disadvantages of the land controlled by each dynasty. When the Yuan dynasty ruled China, the Mongols controlled land that The early Ming emperors pushed the Mongols and other nomadic included their homeland to the north. Through trade routes they were tribes north and secured their borders. They reinforced and expanded connected to the rest of the Mongol empires that lay to the west and to the Great Wall of China (video) continuously throughout their the Middle East and Europe. Since the Mongols and their allies ruled dynasty’s reign. Much of the Great Wall as we know it today was most of central Asia, they had little need to reinforce their defenses and built during the Ming dynasty. did little to maintain the Great Wall. Source: http://archive.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/images/maps/china-yuan-large.gif Source: http://archive.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/images/maps/china-ming-large.gif 1. What is the difference between these two maps? 2. What advantages did the Yuan Dynasty gain from the land it 3. What advantages did the Ming Dynasty gain from the land it controlled? What disadvantage came from controlling this land? controlled? What disadvantage came from controlling this land? Voyages of Zheng He Source: Elisabeth Ellis and Anthony esler, World History: Connection to Today, Prentice Hall (adapted) from the NYS Global History and Geography Regents Examination, June 2004 Watch this excerpt from a History Channel Video on 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Download 1 File
    CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1 89 1 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Date Due -ARR-l 9 1 'mmm -^iU. tiiV'Sc.i'isf IrotT ri j; mr f]It ¥. r NOV 1 4 959 BS $KP2 6 mQE§ •^^N 2 -^Tre^ fV! ah M si p;^^^^ ^HLZ^um Z 32 3 3 G Cornell University Library F7.A21 F7 The founding of New England 3 1924 030 933 927 olin Cornell University Library The original of tiiis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030933927 THE FOUNDING OF NEW ENGLAND New England in i 640. (Inset shows Labrador Current) THE FOUNDING OF NEW ENGLAND BY JAMES TRUSLOW ADAMS Illustrated THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY PRESS BOSTON ^ K >/ Copyright, 1921 By JAMES TRUSLOW ADAMS '^ To A. L. A. 3 One duty that was always incumbent on the historian has now become a duty of deeper significance and stronger obli- gation. Truth, and Truth only, is our aim. We are bound as historians to examine and record facts without favor or affection to our own nation or to any other. Lord Bryce, Presidential Address, at the International Congress of Historical Studies, 191 PREFACE The following account of the founding of New England is intended to serve as an introduction to the later history of that section, and to the study of its relations with other por- tions of the Empire and with the mother-country, as well as of the section's influence upon the nation formed from such of the colonies as subsequently revolted.
    [Show full text]
  • From Natural History to Orientalism, the Russell Brothers on the Cusp of Empire
    From Natural History to Orientalism, The Russell Brothers on the Cusp of Empire Author: Jenna Larson Boyle Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3052 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2010 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Department of History FROM NATURAL HISTORY TO ORIENTALISM: THE RUSSELL BROTHERS ON THE CUSP OF EMPIRE a thesis by JENNA LARSON BOYLE submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts May 2009 ! ! copyright by JENNA LARSON BOYLE 2010 ! ABSTRACT FROM NATURAL HISTORY TO ORIENTALISM: THE RUSSELL BROTHERS ON THE CUSP OF EMPIRE Jenna Larson Boyle Thesis Chair: Dana Sajdi The British physicians Dr. Alexander Russell M.D., FRS (c.1715 – 1768)!and Dr. Patrick Russell M.D., FRS (1726/7 – 1805), both British Levant Company servants, wrote and published two editions in 1756 and 1794, respectively. These brothers resided in Aleppo, Syria, when it was a provincial capital of the Ottoman Empire and recorded their observations and empirical observations in a literary work that would later become the two editions of The Natural History of Aleppo. These editions are vital references for modern scholars concerned with Ottoman Syria, Levantine commercial activity and European presence, and the city of Aleppo. However, these very scholars ignore the significant fact that these two editions were written by two different individuals at two different points in history. Thus, this MA thesis aims to investigate the two editions and illustrate how the variations in these publications were the result of both coexisting and correlated processes that culminated in an eighteenth-century phenomenon of the transformation of British global presence from a commercial power to a modern empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Download SSC CGL History
    www.gradeup.co 1 www.gradeup.co 1. How many great powers * Project Tiger was first initiated in (Mahajanapada) existed in the seventh the year April 1, 1973, by GOI and is and sixth centuries BCE during the life of still going on. Lord Gautama Buddha? * During the tiger census of 2006, a new A. 11 methodology was used extrapolating site- B. 13 specific densities of tigers, their co- C. 17 predators and prey derived from camera D. 16 trap and sign surveys using GIS. Ans. D * The government has set up a Tiger Sol. Protection Force to combat poachers and * During the time of 6-7th century B.C funded relocation of villagers to minimize there were total 16 janpads were human-tiger conflicts. existing throughout the country. * These were Kasi, Kosala, Anga, 4.Name the state of the following which Magadha, Vajji, Malla, Chedi, Vatsa, Chandragupta I had got in the dowry Kuru, Panchala, Machcha, Surasena, from Lichhavi. Assaka, Avanti, Gandhara and Kamboja. A. Pataliputra * In the Budhist traditions these B. Prayag kingdoms came to be known as C. Saket 'Mahajanapadas' D. Ujjain Ans. A 2.Which of the following is not one of the Sol. monarchy states that existed in India in * Chandragupta I got Pataliputra in the seventh and early sixth centuries BC? dowry from the Lichhavis. A. Magadha * The Gupta Lichchhavi relation was even B. Vaishali publicised through a particular type of C. Avanti gold coins “which have the names and D. Kosala figures of Chandragupta I and his Ans. B Lichchhavi wife on the obverse and the Sol.
    [Show full text]
  • British East India Company
    British East India Company East India Company 1. (Historical Terms) the company chartered in 1600 by the British government to trade in the East Indies: after being driven out by the Dutch it developed trade with India until the Indian Mutiny (1857), when the Crown took over the administration: the company was dissolved in 1874 2. (Business / Commerce) any similar trading company, such as any of those founded by the Dutch, French, and Danes in the 17th and 18th centuries East India Company - an English company formed in 1600 to develop trade with the new British colonies in India and southeastern Asia; in the 18th century it assumed administrative control of Bengal, Formal inauguration of The Institution of Industrial Engineering & Technology (India) at Calcutta by His Excellency Lord Chelmsford, the Governor General of India Inauguration of the First Local Association, namely, the Association of Engineers East India. in December 22,1921 The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as "John Company," was a joint-stock company which was granted an English Royal Charter by Elizabeth on December 31, 1600, with the intention of favoring trade privileges in India. The Royal Charter effectively gave the newly created The Honourable Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies (HEIC) a 15 year monopoly on all trade in the East Indies. The Company transformed from a commercial trading venture to one which virtually ruled India as it acquired auxiliary governmental and military functions, until its dissolution in 1858. This followed the anti- British rebellion (or First War of Indian Independence), after which the British government decided that direct rule would be more appropriate.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Affairs
    IASbaba 60 Days CA Compilation – Week 1 &2 2019 Q.1) "Forty plus Nine (40+9)" Recommendations is concerned with which of the following institutions/organisations? a) Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) b) Financial Action Task Force (FATF) c) Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) d) Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Q.1) Solution (b) Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is often seen in news. The FATF's primary policies issued are the Forty Recommendations on money laundering from 1990 and the Nine Special Recommendations (SR) on Terrorism Financing (TF). Together, the Forty Recommendations and Special Recommendations on Terrorism Financing set the international standard for anti-money laundering measures and combating the financing of terrorism and terrorist acts. They set out the principles for action and allow countries a measure of flexibility in implementing these principles according to their particular circumstances and constitutional frameworks. Both sets of FATF Recommendations are intended to be implemented at the national level through legislation and other legally binding measures. The 40+9 Recommendations, together with their interpretative notes, provide the international standards for combating money laundering (ML) and terrorist financing (TF). THINK! FATF Black list and Grey list OECD Source: http://www.fatf- gafi.org/publications/fatfrecommendations/documents/ixspecialrecommendations.html Q.2) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Pradhan Mantri Surakshit
    [Show full text]
  • East India Company
    East India Company This article is about the 16th-19th-century English and British trading company. For other uses, see East India Company (disambiguation). The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company and informally as John Company[1] was an English and later British joint- stock company,[2] formed to pursue trade with the East Indies, but which ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and Qing China. Originally chartered as the “Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies”, the company rose to account for half of the world’s trade, particularly trade in basic commodities that included cot- ton, silk, indigo dye, salt, saltpetre, tea and opium. The company also ruled the beginnings of the British Empire in India.[3] The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth on 31 December 1600,[4] making it the old- est among several similarly formed European East India Companies. Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the Company’s shares.[5] The government owned no shares and had only indirect control. James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voy- The company eventually came to rule large areas of India age in 1601 with its own private armies, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions.[6] Company rule in In- dia effectively began in 1757 after the Battle of Plassey sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the and lasted until 1858 when, following the Indian Rebel- Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian lion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to expeditions.
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical Revisionp of East India Company Dr. Sweta Kumari Post
    International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 8, Issue 6, June - 2018, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gate as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A A Historical Revisionp of East India Company Dr. Sweta Kumari Post Graduate Teacher, SRJRS+2 Girls High School,Barhiya,Lakhisarai Abstract : The legend of the East India Company that set out as a mere trading venture of sea- faring merchants that eventually went on to become a strong military power in just a little over two centuries to rule one-fifth of the global population, and more particularly, to acquire for the British Empire the kingdom of India. For, indisputably, the English East India Company stood out as the most remarkable edifice of commercial capitalism between Asia and Europe from the 16th to the 18th century. In this article I have made attempts to sketch a brief chronological narration of the ascend and descend of the great British company that began in 1600, with much pomp and fair, but whose rule and role in the affairs of India, at both the political and commercial level, ended abruptly in 1857, following the proclamation of Queen Victoria. Introduction : It is important to note that for centuries, the spice trade of India and south-east Asian countries (known as East Indies in medival times) with Europe was dependent on land routes across Asia and the Middle East.
    [Show full text]
  • दिल्ली पुदिस क ांस्टेबि-2020 Delhi Police Constable-2020
    दिल्ली पुदिस क 車स्टेबि-2020 Delhi Police Constable-2020 DELHI POLICE CONSTABLE-2020 • Number of vacancies : 5846 • For Males : 3902 • For Females : 1944 • Last date : 7th September (11:30 pm) • Date of Computer Based Exam : 27th November to 14th December • Physical Endurance & Measurement Test (PE & MT): Qualifying in nature EXAM PATTERN: Negative Marking: 0.25 The computer based examination will be conducted in English and Hindi only General Knowledge/ Current Affairs: Question in this component will be aimed at testing the candidate’s general awareness. Questions will also be designed to test knowledge of current events and of such matters of every day observations and experience in their scientific aspect as may be expected of any educated person. The test will also include questions relating to India and its neighboring countries especially pertaining to Sports, History, Culture, Geography, Indian Economy, General Polity, Indian Constitution, Scientific Research etc. These Questions will be such that they do not require a special study of any discipline. The question paper shall be of Matriculation Level. History Arrival of Europeans Age of Discovery ● 1492: Columbus in America Continued…. ● Fall of Constantinople (1453): The capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turkish Sultan Mehmed II led to the blocking of the erstwhile trade routes to India & the Orient . ● This led to the desire among the European countries to find an ‘all Sea Route’ to India & the East so as to meet their demand for spices & other products. Introduction ● Colonial India is a part of the Indian subcontinent which was under the control of European colonial powers, through trade and conquest.
    [Show full text]
  • Ideology of Pakistan and the Old Civilizations Including the Indus Valley and Gandhara
    PAKISTAN STUDIES (Compulsory) For BS Course Code: (9374) Units: 1–9 Department of Pakistan Studies Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD (ALL RIGHTS RESERVED WITH THE PUBLISHER) 1st Edition ........................................... 2019 Quantity ............................................. Price ................................................... Publishing Supervisor ........................ Printer ................................................ Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. Publisher ............................................ Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. Course Development Coordinator: ..... Dr. Khalid Mahmood Editor: ................................................ Ms. Humera Ejaz ii COURSE TEAM Chairman: Prof. Dr. Samina Awan Course Coordinator: Dr. Khalid Mahmood Writers: 1. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Reza Kazimi 2. Dr. Khalid Mahmood 3. Mudassir Jattala 4. Sayed Akmal Shah \ Reviewers: 1. Prof. Dr. Samina Awan 2. Prof. Dr. Sayed Jaffar Ahmed 3. Prof. Dr. Fazal-i-Rahim Marwat 4. Prof. Dr. Anwar Shaheen 5. Dr. Sajid Mahmood Awan 6. Dr. Umar Hayat 7. Dr. Kishwar Sultana 8. Dr. Kausar Parveen Editor: Ms. Humera Ejaz Layout & Design: Malik Mateen Ishfaq iii FOREWORD Allama Iqbal Open University has the honour to present BS Programs in various faculties for those who are deprived from regular education due to their compulsions. It is obviously your own institution that provides you the education facility at your door step. Pakistan, our beloved country had been facing numerous issues since its creation. The initial days were very tough for the newly state but with the blessings of Allah Almighty, it made progress day by day. However, due to conspiracy of external powers and some weaknesses of our leaders, the internal situation of East Pakistan rapidly changed and the end was painful as we lost not only the land but also our Bengali brothers. After the war of 1971, the people and leaders of Pakistan were forced to rethink the future of the remaining country.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern History
    CONTENTS MODERN HISTORY 1. ADVENT OF EUROPEANS ........01-07 The Dual System ........................................26 Introduction ..............................................01 Regulating Act of 1773 ...............................26 The Portuguese .........................................01 PITT India Act 1784 ...................................27 The English ...............................................03 The Charter Acts .......................................27 The Dutch .................................................05 Judicial System .........................................28 The Danes ................................................05 Conclusion: Impact of British ......................30 Administration The French ...............................................06 Conclusion: Impact of Europeans .................06 5. ECONOMIC POLICIES OF .......31-36 on India’s Foreign Trade THE BRITISH 2. APPROACH OF EAST .............08-19 Introduction ..............................................31 INDIA COMPANY IN INDIA Three Phases of Colonial Exploitation ...........31 Introduction ............................................... 8 Land Revenue Policy ..................................33 Contest for Trade Monopoly in India............... 9 Impact of British Policy on .........................34 Indian Handicrafts Bengal .....................................................10 Development of Indigenous Industries...........35 Anglo-French Rivalry ..................................13 (During Finance imperialism
    [Show full text]