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Nature and Science, 2(4), 2004 ISSN 1545-0740 Nature and Science The Nature and Science is an international journal with a purpose to enhance our natural and scientific knowledge dissemination in the world under the free publication principle. Any valuable papers that describe natural phenomena and existence or any reports that convey scientific research and pursuit are welcome, including both natural and social sciences. Papers submitted could be reviews, objective descriptions, research reports, opinions/debates, news, letters, and other types of writings that are nature and science related. The journal is calling for papers and seeking co-operators and editors as well. Editor-in-Chief: Hongbao Ma Associate Editors-in-Chief: Qiang Fu, Yongsheng Ma, Margaret Young Editors: George Chen, Mark Hansen, Mary Herbert, Wayne Jiang, Xuemei Liang, Tracy X. Qiao, Xiaofeng Ren, George Warren, Kerry Watson, Qing Xia, Yonggang Xie, Ding Xu, Lijian Yang, Tina X. 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Box 753, East Lansing, Michigan 48826, The United States, (517) 505-7688 http://www.sciencepub.org [email protected] Nature and Science, 2(4),2004 Contents ISSN 1545-0740 Nature and Science (Quarterly, Started in 2003) Volume 2 - Number 4(Cumulated No. 5), December 12, 2004 CONTENTS 1 The New Concepts to Big Bang and to Black Holes:Both Had No Singularity at All (Part 1) Dongsheng Zhang 11 Concept and Protocol to Isolate Cholesterol-reducing Bacteria from Carnivores Hongbao Ma 18 Patient Referral at the Grass-roots Level in Pakistan Habib Ahmed Afsar, Muhammad Younus 28 Preparation and Structure of a Novel Crystalline Adduct of Two Organotin Compounds [Ph2Sn-SnPh2•(µ-PhCO2)2] and (Ph3Sn-SnPh3) Bin Zhao, Fan Li Lu, Feng Qin Wang, Jin Chao Tao 34 Study on the PPE Model Based on RAGA to Evaluating the Water Quality Qiang Fu, Wei Zu 39 The Creation of Management System, Water Property Rights and Economic Results Research of the Small Irrigative Regions in China Yonggang Xie, R. N. Yadava http://www.sciencepub.org [email protected] Nature and Science, 2(4),2004 Contents ISSN 1545-0740 49 Research on the Storage Methods of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains Separated from DVS Yanfen Liu,Xuejun Gao, Yuting Cong, Yahui Peng, YingLiu 54 Agricultural Mechanization Contribution Rate Calculation Software Package Development Xiaojie Zong 57 Control of the Behavior Dynamics for Motion Planning of Mobile Robots Xingjian Jing, Yuechao Wang, Dalong Tan 65 Alfalfa Drying Properties and Technologies – in Review Haiqing Wu 68 Regression Analysis for Mapping Dynamic Trait QTL in Outbred Population Huijiang Gao, Runqing Yang, Wenzhong Zhao, et al. 79 The Effect of Nitrogen Level on mMain Nutrient of Sugar Beet Baiyan Cai, Jingping Ge 84 Discussion on Intellectual Property’s Private Right Nature Wenjun Liu 87 The Relationship Between Ownership Structure and Firm Performance: an Empirical Analysis over Heilongjiang Listed Companies Ping Jiang 91 Comprehensive Evaluating Model Based on Coefficient of entropy and Grey relating Degree to Underground Water Quality Xianqi Zhang,Chuang Liang,Huiqing Liu http://www.sciencepub.org [email protected] Nature and Science, 2(4), 2004, Zhang, New Concepts to Big Bang and to Black Holes – 2 (Part 1) The New Concepts to Big Bang and to Black Holes: Both Had No Singularity at All (Part 1) Dongsheng Zhang Graduated in 1957 from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. China. Permanent address: 17 Pontiac Road, West Hartford, CT 06117-2129, USA. Email: [email protected] Abstract: 1. Our Universe was born from Quantum Micro Black Holes (its mass ≈ 10-5 g), but not from Singularity or Big Bang of Singularity. 2. No Singularity existed in star-formed Schwarzchild’s black holes, a steady mini black hole (its mass ≈ 1015 g) of long lifetime would certainly exist inside as a core to obstruct the collapse of energy-matters to become Singularity. The steady mini black hole (mom ≈ 1015 g) in black holes instead of Singularity called by General Theory of Relativity could resist the gravitational collapse. [Nature and Science. 2004;2(4):1-10]. Key Words: universe; singularity; big bang; black holes; Plank’s era: cosmology. Part One. Our Universe was born out from new universe in Plank’s Era was not reversible. Other quantum micro black holes (QMBHs, its mass mt important conclusions of part one can be seen in ≈ 10-5 g), but not born out from Singularity or “Big conclusions of 7th paragraph. Bang” of Singularity 1. The Laws and formulas of Our Universal Introduction: In part one of this article, based Evolution on some general laws of astronomy, physics and The laws of our universe’s evolution can be many classical theories, the calculated results could simply and precisely described by two different prove that our present expanding Universe was methods, which are based on the achievements of impossible to be born from Singularity or from the modern physics (GTR & particle physics)and astro- Big Bang of Singularity but from the Big Crunch of cosmology. pre-universe. First, Figure 1 specifies the numerical values of Once pre-universe collapsed to (t = -10-43 s, T = time (t) corresponding to Temperature (T) at different 1032 k) of Plank’s Era (see figure 1 on next page), time in our universe’s evolution.<3><4><2> every particle and radiation simultaneously broke off Second, Formulas (1a) below precisely describes its gravitational linkage between its closest neighbors our universe’s evolution relevant between Radiation and stopped their collapse at the state of no gravity.