附录I 黑龙江省目前统计到的外来入侵植物名录appendix I the Checklist Of
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Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: a Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values*
Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: A Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values* Yang You† Harvard University This draft: July 2018 Abstract I use a quasi-random urban-dweller allocation in rural areas during Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement to identify human capital externalities in education, employment, and social values. First, rural residents acquired an additional 0.1-0.2 years of education from a 1% increase in the density of sent-down youth measured by the number of sent-down youth in 1969 over the population size in 1982. Second, as economic outcomes, people educated during the rustication period suffered from less non-agricultural employment in 1990. Conversely, in 2000, they enjoyed increased hiring in all non-agricultural occupations and lower unemployment. Third, sent-down youth changed the social values of rural residents who reported higher levels of trust, enhanced subjective well-being, altered trust from traditional Chinese medicine to Western medicine, and shifted job attitudes from objective cognitive assessments to affective job satisfaction. To explore the mechanism, I document that sent-down youth served as rural teachers with two new county-level datasets. Keywords: Human Capital Externality, Sent-down Youth, Rural Educational Development, Employment Dynamics, Social Values, Culture JEL: A13, N95, O15, I31, I25, I26 * This paper was previously titled and circulated, “Does living near urban dwellers make you smarter” in 2017 and “The golden era of Chinese rural education: evidence from Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement 1968-1980” in 2015. I am grateful to Richard Freeman, Edward Glaeser, Claudia Goldin, Wei Huang, Lawrence Katz, Lingsheng Meng, Nathan Nunn, Min Ouyang, Andrei Shleifer, and participants at the Harvard Economic History Lunch Seminar, Harvard Development Economics Lunch Seminar, and Harvard China Economy Seminar, for their helpful comments. -
Research on Employment Difficulties and the Reasons of Typical
2017 3rd International Conference on Education and Social Development (ICESD 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-444-8 Research on Employment Difficulties and the Reasons of Typical Resource-Exhausted Cities in Heilongjiang Province during the Economic Transition Wei-Wei KONG1,a,* 1School of Public Finance and Administration, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China [email protected] *Corresponding author Keywords: Typical Resource-Exhausted Cities, Economic Transition, Employment. Abstract. The highly correlation between the development and resources incurs the serious problems of employment during the economic transition, such as greater re-employment population, lower elasticity of employment, greater unemployed workers in coal industry. These problems not only hinder the social stability, but also slow the economic transition and industries updating process. We hope to push forward the economic transition of resource-based cities and therefore solve the employment problems through the following measures: developing specific modern agriculture and modern service industry, encouraging and supporting entrepreneurships, implementing re-employment trainings, strengthening the public services systems for SMEs etc. Background According to the latest statistics from the State Council for 2013, there exists 239 resource-based cities in China, including 31 growing resource-based cities, 141 mature, and 67 exhausted. In the process of economic reform, resource-based cities face a series of development challenges. In December 2007, the State Council issued the Opinions on Promoting the Sustainable Development of Resource-Based Cities. The National Development and Reform Commission identified 44 resource-exhausted cities from March 2008 to March 2009, supporting them with capital, financial policy and financial transfer payment funds. In the year of 2011, the National Twelfth Five-Year Plan proposed to promote the transformation and development of resource-exhausted area. -
China Russia
1 1 1 1 Acheng 3 Lesozavodsk 3 4 4 0 Didao Jixi 5 0 5 Shuangcheng Shangzhi Link? ou ? ? ? ? Hengshan ? 5 SEA OF 5 4 4 Yushu Wuchang OKHOTSK Dehui Mudanjiang Shulan Dalnegorsk Nongan Hailin Jiutai Jishu CHINA Kavalerovo Jilin Jiaohe Changchun RUSSIA Dunhua Uglekamensk HOKKAIDOO Panshi Huadian Tumen Partizansk Sapporo Hunchun Vladivostok Liaoyuan Chaoyang Longjing Yanji Nahodka Meihekou Helong Hunjiang Najin Badaojiang Tong Hua Hyesan Kanggye Aomori Kimchaek AOMORI ? ? 0 AKITA 0 4 DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S 4 REPUBLIC OF KOREA Akita Morioka IWATE SEA O F Pyongyang GULF OF KOREA JAPAN Nampo YAMAJGATAA PAN Yamagata MIYAGI Sendai Haeju Niigata Euijeongbu Chuncheon Bucheon Seoul NIIGATA Weonju Incheon Anyang ISIKAWA ChechonREPUBLIC OF HUKUSIMA Suweon KOREA TOTIGI Cheonan Chungju Toyama Cheongju Kanazawa GUNMA IBARAKI TOYAMA PACIFIC OCEAN Nagano Mito Andong Maebashi Daejeon Fukui NAGANO Kunsan Daegu Pohang HUKUI SAITAMA Taegu YAMANASI TOOKYOO YELLOW Ulsan Tottori GIFU Tokyo Matsue Gifu Kofu Chiba SEA TOTTORI Kawasaki KANAGAWA Kwangju Masan KYOOTO Yokohama Pusan SIMANE Nagoya KANAGAWA TIBA ? HYOOGO Kyoto SIGA SIZUOKA ? 5 Suncheon Chinhae 5 3 Otsu AITI 3 OKAYAMA Kobe Nara Shizuoka Yeosu HIROSIMA Okayama Tsu KAGAWA HYOOGO Hiroshima OOSAKA Osaka MIE YAMAGUTI OOSAKA Yamaguchi Takamatsu WAKAYAMA NARA JAPAN Tokushima Wakayama TOKUSIMA Matsuyama National Capital Fukuoka HUKUOKA WAKAYAMA Jeju EHIME Provincial Capital Cheju Oita Kochi SAGA KOOTI City, town EAST CHINA Saga OOITA Major Airport SEA NAGASAKI Kumamoto Roads Nagasaki KUMAMOTO Railroad Lake MIYAZAKI River, lake JAPAN KAGOSIMA Miyazaki International Boundary Provincial Boundary Kagoshima 0 12.5 25 50 75 100 Kilometers Miles 0 10 20 40 60 80 ? ? ? ? 0 5 0 5 3 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 The boundaries and names show n and t he designations us ed on this map do not imply of ficial endors ement or acceptance by the United N at ions. -
Report on Domestic Animal Genetic Resources in China
Country Report for the Preparation of the First Report on the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources Report on Domestic Animal Genetic Resources in China June 2003 Beijing CONTENTS Executive Summary Biological diversity is the basis for the existence and development of human society and has aroused the increasing great attention of international society. In June 1992, more than 150 countries including China had jointly signed the "Pact of Biological Diversity". Domestic animal genetic resources are an important component of biological diversity, precious resources formed through long-term evolution, and also the closest and most direct part of relation with human beings. Therefore, in order to realize a sustainable, stable and high-efficient animal production, it is of great significance to meet even higher demand for animal and poultry product varieties and quality by human society, strengthen conservation, and effective, rational and sustainable utilization of animal and poultry genetic resources. The "Report on Domestic Animal Genetic Resources in China" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") was compiled in accordance with the requirements of the "World Status of Animal Genetic Resource " compiled by the FAO. The Ministry of Agriculture" (MOA) has attached great importance to the compilation of the Report, organized nearly 20 experts from administrative, technical extension, research institutes and universities to participate in the compilation team. In 1999, the first meeting of the compilation staff members had been held in the National Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service, discussed on the compilation outline and division of labor in the Report compilation, and smoothly fulfilled the tasks to each of the compilers. -
Regional Ecological Risk Assessment of Wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain with Respect to Human Disturbance
sustainability Article Regional Ecological Risk Assessment of Wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain with Respect to Human Disturbance Hui Wang 1,2, Changchun Song 2,* and Kaishan Song 2 1 College of Tourism and Geography, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; [email protected] 2 Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 31 December 2019; Accepted: 27 February 2020; Published: 5 March 2020 Abstract: Characterization of the intensity of regional human disturbances on wetlands is an important scientific issue. In this study, the pole-axis system (involving multi-level central places and roads) was recognized as a proxy of direct risk to wetlands stemming from human activities at the regional or watershed scale. In this respect, the pole-axis system and central place theory were adopted to analyze the spatial agglomeration characteristics of regional human activities. Soil erosion and non-point source (NPS) pollution, indicating the indirect effect of human activities on wetlands, were also considered. Based on these human disturbance proxies, which are considered regional risk sources to wetlands, incorporated with another two indicators of regional environment, i.e., vulnerability and ecological capital indexes, the regional ecological risk assessment (RERA) framework of wetlands was finally established. Using this wetland RERA framework, the spatial heterogeneity -
Planning and Brand Communication for Ice-Snow Sports Tourism Products in the Arctic Village of Mohe County
CONVERTER MAGAZINE Volume 2021, No. 5 Planning and Brand Communication for Ice-snow Sports Tourism Products in the Arctic Village of Mohe County Wei Gao, Xiaoguo Chang Harbin Finance University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China Abstract Locating in the northernmost region of China, the Arctic Village of Mohe County is enlisted as one of the most charming tourist attractions of China for the unique resources and landscapes, such as “northernmost location”, magical astronomical phenomena and arctic ice-snow. However, it failed to explore domestic and foreign markets yet due to the poor promotion of government, thus resulting in the low consumer brand recognition. Combining with existing tourism resources in the Arctic Village, this study proposed an appropriate product planning based on the national promotion of “ice-snow tourism”. Meanwhile, great efforts were made to the propagation and publicity of the brand to improve brand influence of the Arctic Village. The ice-snow resources in surrounding region were integrated to promote the tourism development in the whole Heilongjiang Province. Keywords:Arctic Village, ice-snow tourism, product planning, brand communication I.Overview of related theories 1.1Elaboration of Concept of Ice-Snow Sports Tourism Currently, no definition on the concept of ice-snow sports tourism has been proposed yet. The foreign scholar Hall proposed in a relevant study in 1992 that “sports tourism shall be a non-commercial tourism activity that participates or watches sports activities, but is beyond the daily life range.” Li Guang and Li Yanling, two Chinese scholars, declared that “ice-snow tourism refers to various athletic activities based on ice and snow resources and the sum of tourism destinations, tourism society and tourism enterprises.” Among most opinions of Chinese and foreign scholars, ice-snow sports tourism is a branch of sports tourism and it has characteristics of both sports tourism and ice-snow tourism. -
Effects of Cutting Frequency on Alfalfa Yield and Yield Components in Songnen Plain, Northeast China
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(21), pp. 4782-4790, 13 March, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB12.092 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Effects of cutting frequency on alfalfa yield and yield components in Songnen Plain, Northeast China Ji-shan Chen, Fen-lan Tang, Rui-fen Zhu ,Chao Gao, Gui-li Di and Yue-xue Zhang* Institute of Pratacultural Science, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China. Accepted 27 February, 2012 The productivity and quality of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is strongly influenced by cutting frequency (F). To clarify that the yield and quality of alfalfa if affected by F, an experiment was conducted on Songnen Plain in Northeast China to investigate the responses of yield components and quality to 3 cutting frequencies (F30, F40 and F60) among 3 cultivars (C) (Longmu, Aohan, Zhaodong). Result from two consecutive years showed that cutting frequency had a greater effect on reducing forage yield and yield components at F40. Cultivars had no effect on 2-year total forage yield and alfalfa quality. Alfalfa at the F40 always had higher crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) than F30 and F60 treatments. The interaction (C×F) on forage yield and components (CP and NDF) was not significant. This study provides evidence that: i) 40-day intervals can be advocated for cultivars growing in North- east China; and ii) at F40 utilization, Longmu is a well-adapted alfalfa variety in the Songnen Plain because of higher yield and quality under three cuttings. -
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115 -
Spatiotemporal Changes of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Highest-Latitude Region of China
Article Spatiotemporal Changes of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Highest-Latitude Region of China Peng Qi 1,2, Guangxin Zhang 1,*, Y. Jun Xu 3, Yanfeng Wu 1,2 and Zongting Gao 4 1 Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 4888, Shengbei Street, Changchun 130102, China; [email protected] (P.Q.); [email protected] (Y.W.) 2 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; [email protected] 4 Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Jilin Province, and Laboratory of Research for Middle-High Latitude Circulation and East Asian Monsoon, and Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Changbai Mountain Meteorology and Climate Change, Changchun 130062, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-431-8554-2210; Fax: +86-431-8554-2298 Received: 2 June 2017; Accepted: 4 July 2017; Published: 5 July 2017 Abstract: Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is often used to make management decisions for crop irrigation scheduling and production. In this study, the spatial and temporal trends of ET0 in China’s most northern province as well as the country’s largest agricultural region were analyzed for the period from 1964 to 2013. ET0 was calculated with the Penman-Monteith of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations irrigation and drainage paper NO.56 (FAO-56) using climatic data collected from 27 stations. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) was used for the spatial interpolation of the estimated ET0. A Modified Mann–Kendall test (MMK) was applied to test the spatiotemporal trends of ET0, while Pearson’s correlation coefficient and cross-wavelet analysis were employed to assess the factors affecting the spatiotemporal variability at different elevations. -
Characteristics of Spatial Connection Based on Intercity Passenger Traffic Flow in Harbin- Changchun Urban Agglomeration, China Research Paper
Guo, R.; Wu, T.; Wu, X.C. Characteristics of Spatial Connection Based on Intercity Passenger Traffic Flow in Harbin- Changchun Urban Agglomeration, China Research Paper Characteristics of Spatial Connection Based on Intercity Passenger Traffic Flow in Harbin-Changchun Urban Agglomeration, China Rong Guo, School of Architecture,Harbin Institute of Technology,Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin 150006,China Tong Wu, School of Architecture,Harbin Institute of Technology,Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin 150006,China Xiaochen Wu, School of Architecture,Harbin Institute of Technology,Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin 150006,China Abstract With the continuous improvement of transportation facilities and information networks, the obstruction of distance in geographic space has gradually weakened, and the hotspots of urban geography research have gradually changed from the previous city hierarchy to the characteristics of urban connections and networks. As the main carrier and manifestation of elements, mobility such as people and material, traffic flow is of great significance for understanding the characteristics of spatial connection. In this paper, Harbin-Changchun agglomeration proposed by China's New Urbanization Plan (2014-2020) is taken as a research object. With the data of intercity passenger traffic flow including highway and railway passenger trips between 73 county-level spatial units in the research area, a traffic flow model is constructed to measure the intensity of spatial connection. -
Laogai Handbook 劳改手册 2007-2008
L A O G A I HANDBOOK 劳 改 手 册 2007 – 2008 The Laogai Research Foundation Washington, DC 2008 The Laogai Research Foundation, founded in 1992, is a non-profit, tax-exempt organization [501 (c) (3)] incorporated in the District of Columbia, USA. The Foundation’s purpose is to gather information on the Chinese Laogai - the most extensive system of forced labor camps in the world today – and disseminate this information to journalists, human rights activists, government officials and the general public. Directors: Harry Wu, Jeffrey Fiedler, Tienchi Martin-Liao LRF Board: Harry Wu, Jeffrey Fiedler, Tienchi Martin-Liao, Lodi Gyari Laogai Handbook 劳改手册 2007-2008 Copyright © The Laogai Research Foundation (LRF) All Rights Reserved. The Laogai Research Foundation 1109 M St. NW Washington, DC 20005 Tel: (202) 408-8300 / 8301 Fax: (202) 408-8302 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.laogai.org ISBN 978-1-931550-25-3 Published by The Laogai Research Foundation, October 2008 Printed in Hong Kong US $35.00 Our Statement We have no right to forget those deprived of freedom and 我们没有权利忘却劳改营中失去自由及生命的人。 life in the Laogai. 我们在寻求真理, 希望这类残暴及非人道的行为早日 We are seeking the truth, with the hope that such horrible 消除并且永不再现。 and inhumane practices will soon cease to exist and will never recur. 在中国,民主与劳改不可能并存。 In China, democracy and the Laogai are incompatible. THE LAOGAI RESEARCH FOUNDATION Table of Contents Code Page Code Page Preface 前言 ...............................................................…1 23 Shandong Province 山东省.............................................. 377 Introduction 概述 .........................................................…4 24 Shanghai Municipality 上海市 .......................................... 407 Laogai Terms and Abbreviations 25 Shanxi Province 山西省 ................................................... 423 劳改单位及缩写............................................................28 26 Sichuan Province 四川省 ................................................ -
Journalist Biographie Archibald, John
Report Title - p. 1 of 303 Report Title Amadé, Emilio Sarzi (Curtatone 1925-1989 Mailand) : Journalist Biographie 1957-1961 Emilio Sarzi Amadé ist Korrespondent für Italien in China. [Wik] Archibald, John (Huntley, Aberdeenshire 1853-nach 1922) : Protestantischer Missionar, Journalist Biographie 1876-1913 John Archibald arbeitet für die National Bible Society of Scotland in Hankou. Er resit in Hubei, Hunan, Henan, Anhui und Jiangxi. [Who2] 1913 John Archibald wird Herausgeber der Central China post. [Who2] Bibliographie : Autor 1910 Archibald, John. The National Bible Society of Scotland. In : The China mission year book ; Shanghai (1910). [Int] Balf, Todd (um 2000) : Amerikanischer Journalist, Senior Editor Outside Magazine, Mitherausgeber Men's journal Bibliographie : Autor 2000 Balf, Todd. The last river : the tragic race for Shangi-la. (New York, N.Y. : Crown, 2000). [Erstbefahrung 1998 für die National Geographic Society durch wilde Schluchten des Brahmaputra (Tsangpo) in Tibet, die wegen Strömungen und Tod von Douglas Gordon (1956-1998) scheitert]. [WC,Cla] Balfour, Frederic Henry (1846-1909) : Kaufmann, Journalist in China Bibliographie : Autor 1876 Balfour, Frederic Henry. Waifs and strays from the Far East ; being a series of disconnected essays on matters relating to China. (London : Trübner, 1876). https://archive.org/details/waifsstraysfromf00balfrich. 1881 Chuang Tsze. The divine classsic of Nan-hua : being the works of Chuang Tsze, taoist philosopher. With an excursus, and copious annotations in English and Chinese by Frederic Henry Balfour. (Shanhgai ; Hongkong : Kelly & Walsh, 1881). [Zhuangzi. Nan hua jing]. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100328385. 1883 Balfour, Frederic Henry. Idiomatic dialogues in the Peking colloquial for the use of students. (Shanghai : Printed at the North-China Herald Office, 1883).