Körforskning. En Bibliografi Choral Research

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Körforskning. En Bibliografi Choral Research Choral Research : A Global Bibliography Geisler, Ursula 2010 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Geisler, U. (2010). Choral Research : A Global Bibliography. Körcentrum Syd. http://www.korcentrumsyd.se/wp- content/uploads/Geisler-2010_Choral-Research_A-Global-Bibliography.pdf Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Körforskning. En bibliografi Choral Research. A Global Bibliography Lund/Malmö, Körcentrum Syd, 2010 Dr. Ursula Geisler © Ursula Geisler 2 Choral Research. A Global Bibliography KOMMENTAR INLEDNING Detta är en körforskningsbibliografi. Den har sammanställts på uppdrag av Körcentrum Syd i syfte att kartlägga körforskningen i Sverige och globalt. Eftersom ett mål med Körcentrum Syds verksamhet är att stärka körlivet och körforskningen regionalt och utveckla den nationellt, har ett behov av att kartlägga körforskningen och dess status quo formulerats. Detta bland annat på grund av att körsjungandet står starkt i Sverige, medan körforskningen är nästintill osynlig eller tycks gömma sig bakom andra forskningstematiska inriktningar (musikpedagogiska, vokalmusikaliska, (musik)sociologiska, akustiska etcetera). En inventering ska kunna bidra till att uppmärksamma körforskningens brister och styrkor i Sverige och hjälpa till att positionera den i den globala diskursen om främst körhistoriska, körpedagogiska och körmusikaliska perspektiv. Därför är bibliografins kommentar också tänkt som en handledning i körforskningsfrågor för den som studerar eller forskar inom området. Bibliografidelen förtecknar cirka 5 000 titlar, varav största delen utgörs av artiklar och bidrag i vetenskapliga publikationer, minneskrifter samt monografier och avhandlingar från åren 1960-2010, men även äldre forskningslitteratur har förtecknats i den mån den anses ha relevans för dagens körforskning. MUSIKPEDAGOGISK VERSUS MUSIKHISTORISK KÖRFORSKNING? Bibliografin är inte tänkt att i sig vara en forskningspublikation på körforskningens område eftersom man ännu knappast kan tala om ett sådant. Det befinner sig ännu i sin linda både som akademiskt ämne och institutionellt. I vilken utsträckning hittills framlagda körforskningsresultat har fått genomslag i det praktiska körsjungandet är svårt att bedöma. I Sverige tycks sångkörer och dess ledare generellt sett endast i mindre utsträckning ha tillvaratagit och nyttiggjort körforskningsrelaterade resultat. Detta är en av de slutsatser man kan dra av Karin Johanssons, Musikhögskolan i Malmö, intervjustudie med ledande kördirigenter i Sverige. Intervjustudien fokuserar på ”körverksamhet som musikalisk och social interaktion” och behandlar framförallt musikaliska, pedagogiska och sociala frågor samt interaktionen i kören. Här föreliggande bibliografi och intervjustudien är tänkta att komplettera varandra i inventeringen och kartläggningen av körforskningens status och behov i Sverige och internationellt, såväl ur vetenskapliga som praktiska perspektiv. Att såväl humanistisk som pedagogisk forskning har ett intresse för körväsendet hänger inte minst ihop med ett antagande, som bland andra Ragnhild Sandberg Jurström har formulerat: ”Den sociala och kulturella gemenskap som finns i en kör har en specifik karaktär som inte är lik någon annan verksamhet”.1 Denna ”specifika karaktär” utgörs 1 Sandberg Jurström, Ragnhild (2004). ”Körforskning!” In: Informationsbladet Körledaren (2), 6. © Ursula Geisler (2010) Körforskning. En bibliografi © Ursula Geisler 3 Choral Research. A Global Bibliography inte minst av ett samspel av musikaliska och sociala topoi i en kommunikativ situation. Samtidigt har människans röst och sång under lång tid laddats med egenskaper som inte anses finnas i instrumentalmusiken. Detta sammantaget med en föreställning om behovet av mänsklig gemenskap och vokalmusikaliska ritualer, har lagt grunden till körers och körsångens speciella status av att kombinera ”det estetiska” och ”det sociala”. Att det i stor utsträckning världen över finns forskning om olika körfenomen med inriktning på pedagogiska, historiska, etnologiska, kulturella, psykologiska, akustiska, sociologiska, diskurs- och musikanalytiska, strukturella, organisatoriska, topografiska, uppförandepraktiska, genus- och tonsättarrelaterade och hälso- och klangrelaterade aspekter går inte att förneka. Men dessa forskningsperspektiv har inte i nämnvärd grad syntetiserats eller ens sammanställts på ett samlat bibliografiskt sätt. Den mest omfattande sammanställningen hittills är Avery T. Sharps och James Michael Floyds annoterade bibliografi Choral music: a research and information guide (2002), som fokuserar på körmusikforskning mellan 1960 och 2000 och förtecknar drygt 500 olika resurser. Avsikten med denna bibliografi är därför inte minst att synliggöra den körrelaterade forskning som ej sällan utförts inom andra ämnesområden än de musikaliska och därför blivit förbisedda av körforskare och körledare med flera, och därmed hamnat utanför körforskningens diskurser. Ett annat syfte är att ge en orientering om och i körforskningens mångfald över tid och rum samt att belysa problematiken kring den ofta framhållna skiljelinjen mellan musikpedagogiska och musikvetenskapliga körforskningsansatser. En grov förenkling hade varit att beskriva musikpedagogisk körforskning som körpraktiskt och musikvetenskaplig körforskning som körhistoriskt inriktad. Även om det finns många exempel på en sådan uppdelning, pekar nyare forskning på att disciplingränserna håller på att förskjutas mot en mindre skarp dikotomisering. Tvärtemot tycks denna dikotomisering inte vara objektimmanent utan ett resultat av institutionernas och ämnenas olika metoder – som t.ex. intervjustudier och deltagande observation versus tolkning av historiska källor – och teorier som har fått genomslag i körforskningsfrågorna och -resultaten. Därför finns det skäl att undersöka om det är så, som Kia Hedell skriver, att ”den musikvetenskapliga körforskningen […] är ofta, med vissa undantag, deskriptiv snarare än problematiserande och reflekterande”.2 För att göra körforskningsbibliografin användbar, lättillgänglig och sökbar har pdf- formatet valts. Den saknar ett register vilket kompenseras av pdf-formatets sökfunktion. Den är långt ifrån fullständig, men öppnar i sin nuvarande form upp för möjligheten till fortlöpande komplettering beroende på behov och resurser. Bibliografin får användas fritt i vetenskapliga sammanhang och studiesyften. Referens ska alltid anges, till exempel enligt följande: Geisler, Ursula (2010). Körforskning. En bibliografi. Lund/Malmö: Körcentrum Syd. 2 Hedell, Kia (2007). ”Svenska körer sjunger svenskt?” Presentation av och reflektioner kring en kartläggning av svensk musik i fyra körers repertoar. Uppsala universitets körcentrum. Institutionen för musikvetenskap, 4. © Ursula Geisler (2010) Körforskning. En bibliografi © Ursula Geisler 4 Choral Research. A Global Bibliography KÖRFORSKNING: NÅGRA PERSPEKTIV Vad innebär fältet ”körforskning” som här står i fokus? Människors gemensamma sjungande i olika stämmor eller unisont kan dokumenteras långt tillbaka i tiden i både sakrala och sekulära sammanhang världen över. Föreställningar om och definitioner av vad ”kör” är har förändrats över tid och rum. I upplysningstidens tillbakablick på och konstruktion av antiken på 1700-talet definierade Johann Georg Sulzer (1720-1779) i lexikonet Allgemeine Theorie der schönen Künste ”kör” huvudsakligen som en beteckning för tre olika men med varandra förknippade fenomen: 1) en grupp sjungande människor, 2) musiken som gruppen framförde, 3) platsen där gruppen framförde musiken.3 Dagens körbegrepp och föreställningarna om vad det innebär har fortfarande denna inriktning, och indelningen speglas fortfarande i dagens körforskning. Därför står (1) och (2) i fokus för bibliografin. Forskning om koret i kyrkan (3), det vill säga platsen där kyrkokören höll till, har däremot inte beaktats.4 I sammanställningen av bibliografin har det varit viktigare att belysa forskningen rörande olika gruppsångfenomen än att avgränsa fältet enligt en specifik kördefinition. Därför har ett mycket öppet och inkluderande körbegrepp valts som utgångspunkt. Det omfattar till exempel genrer som kantat, motett och madrigal, även om till exempel Armstrong i sin dissertation från 1968 uppmärksammade att madrigaler från tiden före 1800 oftast inte betecknades som körmusik av forskningen. Den rekonstruerade samtida sångpraktiken ger med dagens ögon ändå skäl till att klassificera madrigalsjungandet som en del av körväsendet.5 Ett långtidsperspektiv på det globala körlivet tjänar mer på att öppna upp körbegreppet
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