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Anstett, Baron Ivan Osipovich . e appendix is limited to the diplomats mentioned in this book. Sources: Ocherki istorii Ministerstva inostrannykh del Rossii. –. Volume : Biograi ministrov in- ostrannykh del. – (Moscow: Olma-Press, ); Diplomaticheskii slovar’, vols. (Moscow: Nauka, –); Ministerstvo inostrannykh del SSSR, Vneshniaia politika Rossii XIX i nachala XX veka. Dokumenty Rossiiskogo ministerstva inostrannykh del, volumes – (Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoi literatury, Izda- tel’stvo “Nauka,” –); Russkii biogracheskii slovar’, vols. (Saint Petersburg: I. N. Skorokhodov, –). Alopeus, Count David Maksimovich (–) e son of a diplomat from the nobility of Finland, Alopeus was born in Berlin and educated in the Stuttgart Military School. In Alopeus began service in the Russian Ministry of Foreign Aairs as a secretary in the Stockholm mission. In he became chargé d’aaires (poverennyi v delakh) in the mission and in envoy extraordinaire (chrezvychainyi poslannik) and minister plenipotentiary (polnomochnyi ministr) at the Swedish court. Alopeus’s diplomatic service was interrupted by the Russian occupation of Finland in and by the subsequent replacement of the Swedish king with a regency in . Alopeus participated in the negotiations leading to the Treaty of September by which Sweden ceded Finland to Russia and joined the Continental System. An appointment as envoy in Naples never materialized, and in Alopeus became envoy (poslannik) in Württemberg. From he served as envoy extraordinaire and minister plenipotentiary to the king of Prussia, an assignment delayed by the military campaigns of –. Aer Napoleon’s second defeat Alopeus became envoy in Berlin where he served from until his death in . In Alexander I made Alopeus a count of the Polish Kingdom, and in February the diplomat concluded a trade agreement with Prussia, following years of discussion about trade and borders between Prussia and Poland. Anstett, Baron Ivan Osipovich (–) Anstett entered Russian service from French service in , served in the cavalry with the rank of lieutenant (poruchik), and saw action in the war against Sweden (–). In April he was appointed to the College of Foreign Aairs with the rank of collegial Appendix. Biographies of Diplomats assessor. In he participated in the negotiations that brought Prussia into the coali- tion against France. During the Polish campaign, he served in the suite of the Prussian king and then participated in the negotiations leading to the third partition of Poland. In Anstett served as councilor (sovetnik) in the Vienna Embassy and in – as chargé d’aaires. In – Anstett performed diplomatic duties arising from relations with Austria, dissolution of the Confederation of the Rhine, organization of the coalition against France, and the supply of allied armies. Anstett served in the suite of Alexander I in Paris and in became envoy extraordinaire and minister plenipotentiary in Frankfurt- on-Main, attached to the Diet of the German Confederation. From /, Anstett served simultaneously in Stuttgart and from also in Hessen-Kassel. Benkendor, Major-General Konstantin Khristoforovich (–) At age thirteen, Benkendor became a junker in the College of Foreign Aairs, and from he served at embassies in Berlin and other German cities, followed by service as secretary in Naples. In he returned to Russia and entered military service. In illness temporarily ended Benkendor’s military career, and in – he served as envoy extraordinaire at the courts of Württemberg and Baden. Benkendor returned to active military service in the war with Persia (–); he died in the Russian-Ottoman War that began in . Bulgari, Count Mark Nikolaevich (–) From Bulgari served as a civil servant (chinovnik) and from as chargé d’aaires at the mission in Madrid. Czartoryski, Prince Adam Ezhi (–) Of Polish princely origins, Czartoryski entered Russian service in and by had been appointed envoy to the Kingdom of Sardinia. From he served as assistant min- ister of foreign aairs and in – as minister of foreign aairs. In Czartoryski put forward a project to restore the Polish state within the borders of by means of a dynastic union with Russia. is led in – to service in the provisional government of the Polish Kingdom and to support for incorporating Lithuania, Belarus, and Right- Bank Ukraine into the kingdom. During the rebellion of –, Czartoryski served as minister of foreign aairs in the government established by the diet. Aer Russia suppressed the rebellion, he emigrated to Paris. Appendix. Biographies of Diplomats Dolgorukii, Prince Dmitrii Ivanovich (end c. –) e grandson of Princess Natali’a Borisovna, Dolgorukii served in the Moscow pro- vincial administration from . Aer entering diplomatic service, he served as secre- tary at the Russian missions in Constantinople, Rome, Madrid, London, e Hague, and Naples. In e Hague and Naples, Dolgorukii also served as chargé d’aaires. In – Dolgorukii was minister plenipotentiary at the court of Persia and from a member of the Senate. Golovkin (Golowkin), Count Iurii Aleksandrovich (–) In – Golovkin headed an embassy (posol’stvo) to China that failed to gain entry into Beijing. In – he served as envoy in Stuttgart; in – he performed a special mission in Vienna and then became envoy to Austria. Italinskii, Andrei Iakovlevich (–) Born into the lesser (nebogatyi) Ukrainian nobility, Italinskii graduated from the Kiev eological Academy (Kievskaia dukhovnaia akademiia) and went on to study med- icine in Saint Petersburg, Edinburgh, and London. His diplomatic career began in as secretary at the mission in Naples, where he also served as chargé d’aaires and envoy. In – and –, Italinskii was envoy in Constantinople, and in –, envoy in Rome. Kapodistrias, Count Ioannis Antonovich (–) Born into the Greek aristocracy of Corfu, Kapodistrias studied medicine, political sci- ence, and philosophy at the University of Padua. In he was appointed state secre- tary for foreign aairs in the Republic of the Seven United Islands, then under Russian protection. By the Treaty of Tilsit (), the republic became a French protectorate and Kapodistrias entered Russian service. In he became state secretary of foreign aairs and from co-headed the Ministry of Foreign Aairs with Count Karl Nesselrode. Kapodistrias repeatedly accompanied Alexander I on trips in Russia and abroad, includ- ing the Congresses of Aix-la-Chapelle, Troppau, and Laibach. During the revolutions of – Kapodistrias preferred moral action over armed intervention, but he continued to look to Russia to support full independence for Greece, including the possibility of military support independently of the European alliance. In May Kapodistrias le Russian service on indenite leave, and in July he retired. In April the national assembly of Greece meeting in Trizin elected him president, and on September he was assassinated. Appendix. Biographies of Diplomats Khanykov (Canico), Vasilii Vasil’evich (–) From to , Khanykov served as envoy in Saxony, Dresden, Hanover, Hessen-Kassel, Weimar, Mecklenburg, Oldenburg, and Saxony-Weimar. Kozlovskii, Prince Petr Borisovich (–) In – Kozlovskii served as envoy to the Kingdom of Sardinia and in – in Württemberg and Baden. From he was assigned to the Ministry of Foreign Aairs and from he was in retirement. Liven (Lieven), Prince Khristofor (Christoph) Andreeevich (–) Lieven began service in the Ministry of Foreign Aairs in , and in – served as envoy extraordinaire and minister plenipotentiary in Berlin. In Lieven repre- sented Russia as a plenipotentiary at the Congress of Verona, and in – he served as ambassador (posol) in London. From he served as guardian (popechitel’) to the future Alexander II. Mochenigo (Mocenigo), Count Georgii Dmitrievich (–) In January , Mochenigo was appointed envoy in Turin, but he travelled only as far as Vienna, where he remained in –. In September , he was appointed envoy in Naples, arriving there only in June . In –, Mochenigo served as envoy in Naples, from simultaneously in Turin, and from simultaneously in Parma, Plaisance, and Guastalla. He retired in . Nesselrode, Count Karl (Karl Robert) Vasil’evich (–) Born in Lisbon where his father served as Russian envoy, Nesselrode was the son of a Lutheran mother from a rich merchant family and a Catholic father from an old family of German counts. He himself was baptized in the Anglican Church and completed gymnasium in Berlin. In Nesselrode’s father enrolled him in Russian naval service from which he retired in . Aer beginning diplomatic service in , Nesselrode worked at the missions in Berlin and Paris. In – he was attached to the army where he performed diplomatic tasks such as service in the entourage of Alexander I during the campaigns of –. In Nesselrode became a civil servant (dokladchik) in the Department of Foreign Aairs, and from August until April , he directed the Ministry of Foreign Aairs. Nesselrode participated in the Vienna, Aix-la-Chapelle, Appendix. Biographies of Diplomats Troppau, Laibach, and Verona congresses. He retired soon aer the conclusion of the Paris Peace Treaty of March that ended the Crimean War. Nikolai (Nicolay), Baron Pavel Andreevich (–) Nikolai’s father was president of the Academy of Sciences and at age eight he was sent to study at Eton. Subsequently, he completed studies at Erlangen University and in began service in the chancery of the Ministry of Foreign Aairs. Appointed in January to the Russian mission in London, Nikolai served there as a civil servant (chi- novnik), secretary, chargé
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