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Five Youngsters Commanded the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943. Only Marek Edelman Is Still Alive, Today a Practicing Cardiologist

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Five Youngsters Commanded the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943. Only Marek Edelman Is Still Alive, Today a Practicing Cardiologist Five youngsters commanded the Warsaw Ghetto uprising in 1943. Only Marek Edelman is still alive, today a practicing cardiologist in Lodz, Poland, and a national leader of the Solidarity movement. For many years, Edelman lived in relative obscurity. Now, in a series of stunning interviews by Hanna Krall, one of Poland's foremost jour• nalists, he has remembered and reflected on those days of horror and of heroism. Photograph by 1. Joel Abromson: Site of Mi la 18 today We IP Why did you choose that very day, Well what? April 19th? Did you manage to find this We didn't choose it. The Germans hat day you were wearing daughter7 chose U. That was the day the liqui• a sweater made of red, fluffy wool. "It Yes, I did dation of the Ghetto was scheduled to was a beautiful sweater, made of an• Listen, we agreed that you would begin. There were phone calls from gora From a very rich Jew . " Two talk, right? It is April 19th. They have the Aryan side-that they were getting leather belts crisscrossed the started shooting. You've gotten everything ready, that the walls were sweater, and in the middle, atop your dressed This guy from the Aryan side being surrounded on the outside On chest, a flashlight. "Hanna, I wish is talking about his daughter What the night of the 18th we met at you could have seen me then!" you next? Anielewicz's, all five of us, the whole told me when I asked you about that We went out to look around We command staff I was probably the day, April 19th . crossed the courtyard-there were a oldest one there, 22 years old; Is that what I said9 It was cold In few Germans there. Actually, we Anielewicz was a year younger. To• April, the nights are cold, especially should have killed them, but we hadn't gether, all five of us, we were 110 for those who haven't been eating had practice in killing yet, and be• years old. much So I put the sweater on It's sides, we were still a little afraid, so There wasn't much to talk about by true, I found it among some things we didn't kill them. that time anymore "Well9" "Have that belonged to this Jew One day After about three hours the shooting they called from the city9" Anielewicz they pulled his whole family out of died down. takes the central Ghetto, his - their basement, and I took an angora It got silent deputies-Geller and myself-we divvy sweater It was top quality. That guy Our area was the so-called Brush up Toebbens' Sheds and the Brush had loads of money Before the war Factory Ghetto-Franciszkanska, Factory. "See you tomorrow." We did he'd donated a plane or tank or some• Swietojerska, Bonifraterska streets say good-bye to each other, the only thing like that to the Fund for National We had mined the factory gate thing we had never done before Defense The next day, when the Germans Why was it Anielewicz who be• I know you like that sort of thing. approached, we plunged the plug in, came your commander? That's probably why I mentioned it and about a hundred of them got He very much wanted to be a com• Oh, no You mentioned it because wiped out I don't remember exactly, mander, so we chose him. He was a you wanted to show me something you'd have to look it up somewhere. little childlike in this ambition, but he The matter-of-factness and the calm. Actually, I remember less and less. was a talented guy, well read, full of That's what you were trying to About any of my patients, I could tell energy. Before the war he'd lived on demonstrate. you 10 times more. Solec Street. His mother sold fish I simply talk about it the way we After the mine's explosion, they When she had any left over, she all spoke about it at the time. started charging at us in an extended would have him buy red paint and Well, the sweater, the crossing line We loved it Forty of us, a hun• paint the gills so the fish would look belts . dred of them, a whole column, in full fresh He was constantly hungry. Write also two guns The guns battle array, crawling along It was When he first came back to the completed the outfit, very de rigueur. obvious that now they were taking us Ghetto from Silesia and we gave him You figured in those days that if you seriously something to eat, he would shield the had two guns, you had everything Before the day had ended, they sent plate with his hand, so that nobody April 19th- You were awakened by over three men with their guns held could take anything away from him shooting, you got dressed . down, carrying white sashes. They He had a lot of youthful verve and No, not yet. The shooting woke called out that if we'd agree to a enthusiasm, only he had never before me up, true, but it was cold, and be• ceasefire, they would send us to a spe• seen an "action " He hadn't seen the sides, the shooting was far away, and cial camp. We shot at them. I later people being loaded into trains at the there was no reason to get up. found that scene in Stroop's reports: Umschlagplatz. And such a I got dressed around noon them, parliamentarians with a white thing-when you see four hundred There was one guy with us who had banner-us, bandits, opening fire By thousand people being sent off to gas smuggled in arms from the Aryan the way, we missed, but it doesn't chambers-can break a person side. He was supposed to have headed matter We did not meet on April 19th I back immediately, but it was already How come it doesn't matter7 saw him the day after. He was al• too late. When they started shooting, The important thing was just that ready a different man. Celina told me- he told me that he had a daughter in we were shooting. We had to show it "You know, it happened to him yes• Zamosc in a convent and that he knew Not to the Germans. They knew better terday He was just sitting and he would not survive, but that I than we how to shoot. We had to muttering: 'We're all going to would, so that after the war I was sup• show it to this other, the non-German die. '"He managed to get roused posed to take care of this daughter I world. People have always thought up again only once after that We got said: "All right, all right, stop talking that shooting is the highest form of a message from the Home Army [the nonsense." heroism. So we were shooting principal and largest clandestine anti- 12/June 1986 From the Stroop Report "Transporting Jews onward" Nazi armed organization in Poland] to body who volunteered for hard labor wait in the northern part of the would get three kilograms of bread Ghetto. We didn't know exactly what and jam. it was all about, and in the end, it as it possible to see Listen, my dear Do you have any didn't work out anyway: The guy who anything beyond the wall on the idea what bread meant at that time in went there to check it out got burned Aryan side? the Ghetto? Because if you don't, you alive on Mila Street, we could hear Oh yes. The wall only reached the will never understand how thousands him screaming all day . Do you second floor. And already from the of people could voluntarily come for think that can impress anybody third floor one could see the other the bread and go on with this bread to anymore-one burning guy after four street. We could see a merry-go- the camp at Treblinka. Nobody has un• hundred thousand people? round, people, we could hear music, derstood it thus far. / think that one burned guy makes and we were terribly afraid that this They were giving out that bread a bigger impression than four hundred music would drown us out and that right here, in this very place Ob• thousand, and four hundred thou• those people would never notice a long, browned loaves of rye bread sand a bigger impression than six thing, that nobody in the world And you know what7 million. would notice a thing: us, the struggle, Those people would go, in order, by So, you didn't know exactly what the dead. That this wall was so fours, to get this bread, and then right this message was about . huge, that nothing, no message about onto the train car There were so many He must have thought that some re• us, would ever make it out. such volunteers that they had to wait inforcements were being sent. We I would stand in this place. Exactly in line1 It was required that they send kept trying to dissuade him- "Let it go, here Only the gate was wooden two trains a day to Trebhnka-and the area there is completely dead, we then This cement post is the same, still, there was not enough space for won't get through." that barrack, and probably even those all those who were willing to go ..
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