DOCSLIB.ORG

British Imperialism and Confederation: the Case of British Columbia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
British Imperialism and Confederation: the Case of British Columbia BRITISH IMPERIALISM AND CONFEDERATION: THE CASE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA by DAVID DOUGLAS REID B.A., Univeristy of British Columbia, 1972 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Political Science) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA May 1976 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of Political Science The University of British Columbia 20 75 Wesbrook Place Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5 Date May 10. 3 976 ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines the forces behind British Columbia's entry into the Canadian Federation in 1871 by examining the historical and structural circumstances surrounding the relative stages of economic development in the Colony and the British metropolis. The thesis argues that British Columbia's entry into Confederation occured within the total framework of capitalist expansion in the nineteenth century. It occured within the context of Bri• tish imperialism. The instruments of British imperialism and the character of economic development in the hinterland region of the Pacific Northwest, however, changed as the economic structure of England changed. The road to Confederation for British Columbia—as for Canada—was essentially determined by a shift in the economic structure of England from merchant to industrial capitalism. At a lower level of generality, the thesis concludes that a tri• angle of trade and capital investment existed between Victoria, San Francis• co and London, and through London,to Montreal. This metropolitan network tied the Colony to Great Britain and ultimately to Canada. The ruling class of British Columbia was firmly linked to British capital, and it actively sought, in London, Montreal and Victoria, the achievement of Confederation. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract ii List of Tables v List of Figures vi I INTRODUCTION - 1 II BRITISH COLUMBIA AND HISTORIANS 8 (A) 1870-1930: Idealism 8 (B) Environmentalism 13 (C) Metropolitanism 20 (D) British Columbia and Metropolitanism 26 (e) Conclusion 29 III THE STRUCTURE OF BRITISH IMPERIALISM 31 (A) Introduction 31 (B) Imperialism: A Definition 33 (C) Merchant Capitalism and Industrial Capitalism 37 (D) Mercantilism and British Expansion 42 (E) Industrial Capitalism and Imperialism 47 (F) Conclusion 51 IV THE FUR TRADE AND BRITISH EXPANSION: 1785-1858 53 (A) Introduction 53 (B) The Maritime Fur Trade 57 (C) The Continental Fur Trade 66 (D) "Imperialism of Monopoly" 70 (E) Colonial-Company-Rule: 1849-1858 80 (i) Land" 80 (ii) Agriculture 83 (iii) Capital Investment 85 (iv) "Family-Compact-Company" 90 (F) The Fur Trade and Capital Accumulation 100 (i) The Northwest Company 100 (ii) The Hudson's Bay Company 103 (G) Conclusion 108 V ANGLO-CANADIAN EXPANSIONISM 111 (A) Introduction 111 (B) The Rise and Fall of the Second Com• mercial Empire of the St. Lawrence 114 iv (C) The 1850s: Railways and Industry 117 (D) The Canadian Ruling Class and Westward Expansion 120 (E) British Financial Capital and Confederation 131 (F) Conclusion 137 VI THE ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF COLONIAL BRITISH COLUMBIA 140 (A) Introduction 140 (B) The Dominant Staples ( 141 (C) Rresource Extractive Economy 145 (D) Persistence of the Economic structure 149 (E) Conclusion 151 VII BRITISH COLUMBIA AND CONFEDERATION 154 (A) Introduction 154 (B) Gold and Commercial Capitalism 155 (i) Gold and Mercant Capital 256 (ii) Victoria: Regional Metropolis 150 (iii) The Financial Structure 154 (iv) Transportation and the Public Debt ^55 (v) Public Finance and Regional Union ^gg (C) The Metropolitan Network yii (i) The Influence of San Francisco 2j2 (ii) Triangle of Trade and Investment y]S (iii) Victoria and British Mercantile Houses 179 (D) The British Mercantile Elite and Confederation ig2 (E) British Merchant Banks and Confederation jgi (F) Summary and Conclusion ^gg VIII CONCLUSION, ' 204 IX BIBLIOGRAPHY 209 LIST OF TABLES Page TABLE I Export of Commodities from British Columbia, 1872 146 TABLE II The Value of Staple Exports from Bri• tish Columbia, Selected Years; and the Total Value of Production of Minerals in British Columbia, Selected Years 148 TABLE III Distribution of the Labour Force in British Columbia, Selected Years 150 TABLE IV Total Exports from British Columbia, 1872 174 TABLE V Exports of Forest Products from the Burrard Inlet Mills, 1870 175 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 Organizational Time Chart 1 I INTRODUCTION In this thesis I plan to examine the forces behind British Columbia's entry into the Canadian Federation in 1871. The following questions were asked: (1) Why did the Colony of British Columbia join Canada when there seemed to be powerful influences and forces working against its entry into Confederation? (2) What was the nature and character of British imperialism in the Pacific Northwest? What were the instruments of British imperialism? (3) What role did the fur trade have in maintaining British para- mountcy in the region? (4) What influence did San Francisco exert in the socio-economic development of British Columbia? Was economic power in the Colony the sole domain of the Americans? What was the character of the economic and politi• cal elite in British Columbia, and what role did they have in the colony's entry into Confederation? (5) What was the role of merchant and financial capital on the road to Confederation for British Columbia? (6) What was the structural relationship between the Pacific Northwest and Great Britain, Canada and the United States in the pre-confed- eration period? What were the economic linkages? These are just some of the questions asked in this thesis. I hope to be able to answer them by examining the political economy of colonial British Columbia in both its local and international context. This thesis, however, is not an attempt to provide a detailed history of the period up to 1871, but rather to outline the general pattern of historical development in 2 a meaningful way. This study will not be original in the sense of bringing to light new and previously unpublished information. On the contrary, it is hoped that its significance can be found in the way in which historical events and phenomena are reinterpreted. It is an attempt to provide not only a basis for future research, but also to point out the usefulness of histori• cal materialism as a theoretical perspective for the study of the socio• economic relations of British Columbia. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. Chapter II, "British Columbia and Historians", is an analysis of the historiography of British Columbia in the pre-confederation period; it examines the various interpre• tations put forth to explain why the Colony joined Canada in 1871. The following question was asked: Where did the historians of British Columbia find the conditions of the rise, evolution and functioning of a social for• mation? This chapter emphasizes the need for a metropolitan perspective; a metropolitanism that (1) moves from the descriptive level into a wider theoretical framework, and (2) takes into consideration the total framework of capitalist expansion and development in the nineteenth century. That is, a perspective that explicitly recognizes the imperialism of the metropolitan center and the structural relations that lie behind its outward form. This chapter does not pretend to be a clear demonstration of the inadequacies of the various approaches put forth by the historians of British Columbia. On the contrary, it is hoped that it will provide the reader with an opportun• ity to compare the perspective of this thesis from other approaches. In other words, the usefulness of the approach suggested here and the assump• tions that it is based upon will be demonstrated in the "doing"; in the 3 way in which it is applied and in the questions it answers. Chapter III, "The Structure of British Imperialism", examines the nature and character of British imperialism in the nineteenth century. A basic theme of this thesis is that the road to Confederation for British Columbia, as for Canada, was essentially determined or paralleled by a shift in Great Britain from merchant capitalism to industrial capitalism, and thus, in the transformation of the nature and character of British imperialism. The theme of the shift from mercantilism, the form of imperialism associated with merchant capitalism, to the "imperialism of free trade", the form asso• ciated with industrial capitalism, will be developed throughout the thesis. Therefore, in order to prepare the reader for a better understanding of this theme, this chapter will provide a definition of imperialism, and will examine the nature of merchant and industrial capitalism, and the character of British overseas expansion associated with each phase. Chapter IV, "The Fur Trade and British Expansion: 1785-1858", examines the pattern of commercial penetration and settlement in the Pacific Northwest: How did the region develop? What was the sequence of develop• ment? What role did the Hudson's Bay Company perform in integrating the region into Britain's expanding economy and in maintaining the imperial re• lation? What was the nature and structure of British imperialism during this period? What was the performance of the Hudson's Bay Company during the period of Company-Colonial-Rule? Did the Company encourage or obstruct settlement and colonization? These and other questions will be answered in this chapter. Chapter V, "Anglo-Canadian Expansionism", examines the forces be• hind Canadian western expansion.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Leadership & Resilience
    ANNUAL 2019 REPORT 2020 Leadership & Resilience “Proud of our “Tough times people around the don’t last but world for the tough teams do.” Linda Hasenfratz resilience and Linamar passion they’re demonstrating!” “We are immensely Roy Gori Manulife Financial Corporation proud to do our part to increase “This is why we’re Canada's health- in this business: care capacity.” Nancy Southern to help people.” ATCO Ltd Dean Connor Sun Life Financial “I’ve never been more proud of “We will our people right come out of across Canada this stronger.” and globally.” Charles Brindamour Intact Financial Corporation Paul Mahon Great-West Lifeco and Canada Life BUSINESS COUNCIL ANNUAL 2019 1 OF CANADA REPORT 2020 Table of Contents 02 Message from the Chair 04 Message from the President and CEO 06 Unprecedented challenge: a COVID-19 timeline 14 Canadian businesses respond 32 Where do we go from here? A growth agenda for Canada 43 Who we are 44 Select publications 46 Board of Directors 48 Membership 53 Council staff 2 BUSINESS COUNCIL ANNUAL 2019 OF CANADA REPORT 2020 Message from the Chair Member companies of the Business Council of Canada and their employees are among this country’s most generous supporters of charitable causes and community services. So when the COVID-19 pandemic struck with full force early in 2020, it was no surprise that many of Canada’s leading businesses were quick to step up to support the response. Companies in every sector, in every part of the country, Manufacturers retooled factories to produce ventilators, moved quickly to help slow the spread of the coronavirus, disinfecting solutions, personal protective equipment and save lives, and contribute to the economic recovery needed other urgently needed medical gear.
    [Show full text]
  • Exclusive Ranking of the Industry's Top Operators
    TAKING IT TO THE STREETS STREET VENDORS ARE PLUS BRINGING GLOBAL FLAVOURS the FOOD FOR THOUGHT CASUAL-DINING SEGMENT NEXT25 FACES UNIQUE CHALLENGES THE 2016 TOP 100 EXCLUSIVE RANKING OF ALIX BOX THE INDUSTRY’S BREATHES TOP OPERATORS NEW LIFE INTO SECOND Second CUP CANADIAN PUBLICATION MAIL PRODUCT SALES AGREEMENT #40063470 CANADIAN PUBLICATION Chancesfoodserviceandhospitality.com $20 | JUNE 2016 Brand Culture Marketing & Promotions 14-5250 Satellite Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L4W 5G5 T: 905 361 0305 F: 905 629 9305 REVISION: FA DATE: APRIL 15, 2016 DOCKET: XXXX CLIENT: The French’s Food Company COLOUR: CMYK PROJECT: Table Top Ad 1 TRIM SIZE: 8.125 ” x 10.875” DESCRIPTION: Media Edge Full Page Ad BLEED SIZE: 8.375” x 11.125” CONTACT: Barbara MacDonald DATE REQUIRED: 2016 TYPE SAFETY: 7.125” x 9.625” HOME GROWN French’s supports Saskatchewan Farmers using 100% Canadian mustard seeds. French’s NOW also supports Southern Ontario Tomato Farmers with the addition of French’s Ketchup! Contact us for a FREE sample & learn how we can support your business. call 1 866 428 0119 email [email protected] visit www.frenchsfoodservice.ca ©2015 The French’s Food Company LLC THERE’S A MONIN FOR EVERY MEAL The possibilities are endless Grilled Peach Teriyaki Shrimp Skewers with Peach Fruit Purée Chicken & Apple Salad with Granny Smith Apple Syrup Raspberry & Chocolate Crepes with Dark Chocolate Sauce CONTACT US TODAY! NATIONAL PARTNER C.W. Shasky & Associates Ltd. GOURMET FLAVOURINGS 1 844 829 9414 | [email protected] Brand Culture Marketing &
    [Show full text]
  • THE ECONOMY of CANADA in the NINETEENTH CENTURY Marvin Mcinnis
    2 THE ECONOMY OF CANADA IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY marvin mcinnis FOUNDATIONS OF THE NINETEENTH- CENTURY CANADIAN ECONOMY For the economy of Canada it can be said that the nineteenth century came to an end in the mid-1890s. There is wide agreement among observers that a fundamental break occurred at about that time and that in the years thereafter Canadian economic development, industrialization, population growth, and territorial expansion quickened markedly. This has led economic historians to put a special emphasis on the particularly rapid economic expansion that occurred in the years after about 1896. That emphasis has been deceptive and has generated a perception that little of consequence was happening before 1896. W. W. Rostow was only reflecting a reasonable reading of what had been written about Canadian economic history when he declared the “take-off” in Canada to have occurred in the years between 1896 and 1913. That was undoubtedly a period of rapid growth and great transformation in the Canadian economy and is best considered as part of the twentieth-century experience. The break is usually thought to have occurred in the mid-1890s, but the most indicative data concerning the end of this period are drawn from the 1891 decennial census. By the time of the next census in 1901, major changes had begun to occur. It fits the available evidence best, then, to think of an early 1890s end to the nineteenth century. Some guidance to our reconsideration of Canadian economic devel- opment prior to the big discontinuity of the 1890s may be given by a brief review of what had been accomplished by the early years of that decade.
    [Show full text]
  • CANADIAN SALT PRODUCERS Explosives, Fertilizers, Glass, and Cosmetics
    Salt Michel Dumont Although dietary intake can vary for people from various countries, on average an adult’s total salt intake should be The author is with the Minerals and Metals Sector, no more than 6 g per day and a child’s no more than 4 g. Natural Resources Canada. The average person’s diet incorporates at least 9 g per day. Telephone: 613-995-2917 Dietary sodium is measured in milligrams (mg). The most E-mail: [email protected] common form of sodium used is table salt, which is 40% sodium. One teaspoon of table salt contains 2300 mg of sodium. HIGHLIGHTS The salt markets in developed regions such as North • Salt is critical to human and animal health. In insuffi- America and Western Europe are both stable and mature. cient quantities, our muscles won’t contract, our blood The main consuming regions are North America, Asia and won’t circulate, our food won’t digest, and our hearts the Middle East, and Western Europe. World salt consump- won’t beat. tion is on the rise, mainly in response to increasing demand in Southeast Asia and other developing nations. China is • Due to severe North American winter (2007-08) weather the world’s leading producer of synthetic soda ash (source: conditions, 2008 data indicate Canadian shipments of U.S. Geological Survey [USGS] 2006 salt review), which salt increased by 18.4% (or 2.2 Mt) to 14.2 Mt valued at uses large quantities of salt as feedstock, and many of $537.8 million. China’s salt operations have not been able to keep up with the strong demand created by the rise in soda ash • Preliminary 2008 Canadian data indicate total salt production.
    [Show full text]
  • 3591 Foreign Investment Map 17X11 PRINT
    FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN NIAGARA Fort Erie France Germany Japan Switzerland United States Grimsby Italy Japan United States Lake Ontario Lincoln France Germany Italy Netherlands Switzerland United States Niagara Niagara Falls City of Hamilton St. Catharines -on-the-Lake Austria France Germany Sweden Taiwan United Kingdom United States QEW Niagara-on-the-Lake Grimsby China Italy Japan Netherlands United States Lincoln Pelham France Port Colborne 20 Canal Brazil Switzerland United States 58 St. Catharines Welland Welland Thorold Denmark Finland Germany Italy Japan Luxembourg Mexico United Kingdom United States Thorold West Lincoln 406 Pelham Niagara Falls Brazil United Kingdom United States Welland 20 France Germany Italy Switzerland United Kingdom United States West Lincoln Welland QEW United States Haldimand County Waineet Fort Erie United States Canal Port Colborne Welland Welland 3 3 0 5 10 KM DISCLAIMER: This map is not representative of all foreign direct investment in Niagara. The companies included are those that responded to the foreign ownership section of Lake Erie the Niagara Employment Inventory survey. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN NIAGARA AUSTRIA JAPAN UNITED STATES continued... Palfinger North America Niagara Falls Construction & industrial CimCorp North America Grimsby Material handling equipment Boreal Science St Catharines Industrial equipment supply machinery Durez Canada Company Ltd. Fort Erie Plastic products Brunner Manufacturing and Sales Niagara Falls Automotive parts BELGIUM Kintetsu World Express Inc. Fort Erie Customs and logistics Cappco Tubular Products West Lincoln Pipe and tubing supply Mitsubishi Power Systems Canada NOTL Industrial equipment supply CHA Canada St Catharines Engineering services Cytec Solvay Group Niagara Falls Sustainable chemistry Niagara Investment Castings St Catharines Metal foundry Cla Val Canada Corp.
    [Show full text]
  • The Montreal Natural History Society's Survey of Rupert's Land, 1827
    An Extensive and Unknown Portion of the Empire: The Montreal Natural History Society’s Survey of Rupert’s Land, 1827-1830 Geoffrey Robert Little A Thesis in The Department of History Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (History) at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada September 2015 © Geoffrey Robert Little, 2015 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Geoffrey Robert Little Entitled: An Extensive and Unknown Portion of the Empire: The Montreal Natural History Society’s Survey of Rupert’s Land, 1827-1830 and submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (History) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final Examining Committee: ____________________ Chair Dr. Andrew Ivaska ____________________ Examiner Dr. Elsbeth Heaman ____________________ Examiner Dr. Ted McCormick ____________________ Supervisor Dr. Gavin Taylor Approved by ____________________________________________ Chair of Department or Graduate Program Director __________2015 _____________________________ Dean of Faculty ABSTRACT An Extensive and Unknown Portion of the Empire: The Montreal Natural History Society’s Survey of Rupert’s Land, 1827-1830 Geoffrey Robert Little Shortly after it was founded in May 1827, the Montreal Natural History Society constituted an Indian Committee to study the “the native inhabitants...and the Natural History of the Interior, and its fitness for the purposes of commerce and agriculture.” The Interior was Rupert’s Land, the territory to the west and the north of Montreal governed by the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC).
    [Show full text]
  • PREFACE to 1895 EDITION, OUTLINE of CONTENTS and INDEX to COMPANIES LISTED in 1895 (PDF File
    PREFACE TO 1895 EDITION, OUTLINE OF CONTENTS & INDEX TO COMPANIES LISTED IN 1895 By 1895 the Stock Exchange Official Yearbook had settled into a format that it was to stay with for the duration. We reproduce the Preface, Outline of Contents and the Index to companies listed in 1895 to give readers an idea of the typical organisation of a yearbook, and of the great variety of companies covered in this and in future volumes. PREFACE. The year 1894 has not proved so favourable to business as was expected. This is chiefly due to the further considerable decline in the prices of natural products, and to some extent to the difficulty in bringing to a conclusion the tariff and other reforms in the United States to which President Cleveland had put his hand. But the year closes with a nearly complete absence of disturbing causes, though the prices of produce are still at their lowest, and the return to commercial and agricultural prosperity is in all parts of the world proceeding at an abnormally slow rate. But it is generally admitted that the worst is now more than over. This is an immense gain in itself, especially as regards Stock Exchange securities, amongst which selling from fear or necessity no sooner ceases than an upward movement on some scale sets in. A year ago we had to report a further considerable fall in the aggregate of Stock Exchange values; but for 1894 there has been a rise in prices which more than outsets the decline then reported, and to all appearance the upward movement is still in progress.
    [Show full text]
  • Weekly Update
    Weekly update Rotary Club of Etobicoke District Governor: Ted Koziel RI President: Sakuji Tanaka Week November 07, 2012 Board 2011 - 2012 President: Hugh Williams, Secretary: Ron Miller, Treasurer: Don Edwards November 14, 2012: Speaker – TBA has been active in Community activities; Chair of Stratford Board of Park Management, President of the Stratford Horticultural Society; Chaired the “Save City Hall” movement that Today’s Speakers - Lutzen saved their historic City Hall; was and has Riedstra & Reg White Fryfogel & rejoined the Perth County Historical Foundation Canada Company who are the owners of the Fryfogel Tavern; and is the current Chair of the newly formed committee called the Friends of the Fryfogel Arboretum. He is also an active member of the Rotary Club of Stratford. Lutzen began by giving some background on the Fryfogel Tavern. Located at the edge of Highway 7/8, which constitutes the former Huron Road, Fryfogel's Nigel Brown introduced Lutzen Riedstra and Tavern recalls the early settlement pattern of Reg White. Lutzen retired after 28 years as the the Perth County. It was along this road that archivists for the Stratford-Perth Archives (the settlement in the area first began to spread archives for City of Stratford and Perth out, therefore placing it amidst one of the County). He is historian and has written two municipality's most historic areas. Bordering a histories and numerous articles. Since retiring brook, which was undoubtedly a factor in the he has been teaching part-time at the Master of tavern's placement, the site also features a Library and Information Studies at University of wooded perimeter and grassed yard reflecting Western Ontario.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonization, Education, and the Formation of Moral Character: Edward Gibbon Wakefield's a Letter from Sydney
    27 Historical Studies in Education / Revue d’histoire de l’éducation ARTICLES / ARTICLES Colonization, Education, and the Formation of Moral Character: Edward Gibbon Wakefield’s A Letter from Sydney Bruce Curtis Carleton University ABSTRACT Edward Gibbon Wakefield proposed a scheme of “systematic colonization” that he claimed would guarantee the formation of civilized moral character in settler societies at the same time as it reproduced imperial class relations. The scheme, which was first hatched after Wakefield read Robert Gourlay’s A Statistical Account of Upper Canada, inverted the dominant under- standing of the relation between school and society. Wakefield claimed that without systematic colonization, universal schooling would be dangerous and demoralizing. Wakefield intervened in contemporary debate about welfare reform and population growth, opposing attempts to enforce celibacy on poor women and arguing that free enjoyment of “animal liberty” made women both moral and beautiful. RÉSUMÉ Edward Gibbon Wakefield propose que son programme de « colonisation systématique » ga- rantisse la formation de colons au caractère moral et civilisé. Ce programme, né d’une première lecture de l’oeuvre de Robert Gourlay, A Statistical Account of Upper Canada, contribuerait à reproduire la structure des classes sociales impériales dans les colonies. Son analyse inverse la relation dominante entre école et société entretenue par la plupart de réformateurs de l’éduca- tion. Sans une colonisation systématique, prétend Wakefield, la scolarisation universelle serait cause de danger politique et de démoralisation pour la société. Wakefield intervient dans le débat contemporain entourant les questions d’aide sociale et de croissance de la population. Il s’oppose aux efforts d’imposer le célibat au femmes pauvres et il déclare que l’expression de leur « liberté animale » rend les femmes morales et belles.
    [Show full text]
  • Property Rights, Land and Territory in the European Overseas Empires
    Property Rights, Land and Territory in the European Overseas Empires Edited by José Vicente Serrão Bárbara Direito, Eugénia Rodrigues and Susana Münch Miranda Direitos de Propriedade, Terra e Território nos Impérios Ultramarinos Europeus Property Rights, Land and Territory in the European Overseas Empires Direitos de Propriedade, Terra e Território nos Impérios Ultramarinos Europeus Edited by José Vicente Serrão Bárbara Direito, Eugénia Rodrigues and Susana Münch Miranda © 2014 CEHC-IUL and the authors. All rights reserved. Title: Property Rights, Land and Territory in the European Overseas Empires. Edited by: José Vicente Serrão, Bárbara Direito, Eugénia Rodrigues, Susana Münch Miranda. Editorial Assistant: Graça Almeida Borges. Year of Publication: 2014. Online Publication Date: April 2015. Published by: CEHC, ISCTE-IUL. Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal. Tel.: +351 217903000. E-mail: [email protected]. Type: digital edition (e-book). ISBN: 978-989-98499-4-5 DOI: 10.15847/cehc.prlteoe.945X000 Cover image: “The home of a ‘Labrador’ in Brazil”, by Frans Post, c. 1650-1655 (Louvre Museum). This book incorporates the activities of the FCT-funded Research Project (PTDC/HIS-HIS/113654/2009) “Lands Over Seas: Property Rights in the Early Modern Portuguese Empire”. Contents | Índice Introduction Property, land and territory in the making of overseas empires 7 José Vicente Serrão Part I Organisation and perceptions of territory Organização e representação do território 1. Ownership and indigenous territories in New France (1603-1760) 21 Michel Morin 2. Brazilian landscape perception through literary sources (16th-18th centuries) 31 Ana Duarte Rodrigues 3. Apropriação econômica da natureza em uma fronteira do império atlântico 43 português: o Rio de Janeiro (século XVII) Maria Sarita Mota 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Guelph: a People's Heritage
    “Buying a Reid’s Heritage Home” is a long-time Guelph tradition. Since 1978, the Reid’s Heritage Group has expanded that tradition by building homes for thousands of Guelph families, in many of our City’s favourite communities. It all started with Orin Reid building just a few houses in the first year. Today, we are the City’s leading Builder, responsible for building more than one in three new homes constructed in the City of Guelph. From all of us at the Reid’s Heritage Group on this 175 th Birthday, Congratulations & Thank you Guelph. Let’s keep growing together! BUILDERS AND DEVELOPERS OF FINE COMMUNITIES www.reidsheritagegroup.com CaringCaring forfor Guelph,Guelph, CaringCaring forfor CanadaCanada Beginning in 1883 with Stephen Lett, our first Medical Superintendent and a pioneer in addiction medicine, until today with 650 staff members who work within Homewood Corporation and its three subsidiaries, Homewood has proudly maintained a tradition of caring, innovation and excellence. We’re honoured to have been an integral part of Guelph’s heritage for the past 118 years and proud of our contribution to the health and well-being of the people of Guelph, surrounding communities, and across Canada. As a local, provincial, national and international resource, Homewood is sought after as a leading, quality provider of mental and behavioural health care, and a provider of care for older adults. Homewood Manor, 1915 Occupational therapy Norm Ringler, (1920) Homewood’s chauffeur with Homewood’s first car. Norm is Homewood’s longest- serving employee with 50 years of service. Homewood grounds, 1923 150 Delhi Street • Guelph, ON N1E 6K9 • Tel: (519) 824-1010 • Fax: (519) 824-3361 • www.homewood.org Homewood Health Centre is a 312-bed Oakwood Retirement Communities Inc., Homewood Behavioural Health Corporation mental and behavioural health facility, is a joint venture involving Homewood (HBH) is a Canadian leader with 25 years’ offering unique and highly specialized Corporation and R.B.
    [Show full text]
  • 3M Canada EDI Guidelines
    InfoAccess.net EDI Guidelines for 3M Canada Suppliers InfoAccess.net 3M Canada EDI Guidelines Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © 2008 Page 1 of 47 Updated August 2008 Email: [email protected] InfoAccess.net EDI Guidelines for 3M Canada Suppliers InfoAccess.net Table of Contents EDI Guidelines ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Objective ........................................................................................................................................... 3 General Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 3 Problem Resolution .......................................................................................................................... 4 Communication ................................................................................................................................. 4 Testing Procedures .................................................................................................................................... 4 Trading Partner Profile ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]