IYENGAR® (UK) Ltd

TEACHERS’ HANDBOOK

www.iyengaryoga.org.uk

® used with permission of BKS IYENGAR, Trade Mark Owner IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018

CONTENTS Introduction ...... 4

Essential Qualities of an Teacher ...... 5

Qualifications of a Disciple ...... 6

Guidelines for the Teaching of and ...... 7

Guidelines on Yoga Therapy ...... 8

Classes That Teachers Are Qualified to Take ...... 9

Declaration Form for Students (An Example Resource) ...... 11

Teaching Asana to Pregnant Women ...... 12 Teaching Yoga Classes to Children & Vulnerable Adults: Special Requirements .... 12

Teacher Training in Iyengar Yoga ...... 13

First Aid Training Requirements for Teachers ...... 14

The Certification Mark ...... 15 IY(UK) Certification Mark (CM) Sub-Licence Renewal (Continuing Iyengar Yoga

Education and Professional Development) ...... 17

Use of the Name ‘Iyengar’ by centres or businesses ...... 18

Re-Instatement of Full Teacher Membership of IY(UK)...... 19

Insurance for IY(UK) Teachers ...... 20

Data Protection Act 1998 – IY(UK) Information for Members ...... 21

Certificate Levels: Syllabus and Restrictions ...... 22 Teaching Syllabus (for each level of teaching certificate) ...... 23

Introductory Level 1 ...... 23

Introductory Level 2 ...... 23

Intermediate Junior Level 1 ...... 24

Intermediate Junior Level 2 ...... 24

Intermediate Junior Level 3 ...... 25

Intermediate Senior Level 1 ...... 25

Intermediate Senior Level 2...... 26

Intermediate Senior Level 3 ...... 26

Advanced Junior Levels 1, 2 and 3 ...... 27

Advanced Senior Levels 1 and 2 ...... 28

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018

Pranayama Syllabus ...... 28

Resources and Reference documents ...... 31

Selected Extracts from the Articles of IY(UK) Ltd ...... 32

1. Title and nature of the Association ...... 32

2. Aims and objects of the Association ...... 32

Appendices from the IY(UK) Standing Orders ...... 33 APPENDIX A: THE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RAMAMANI IYENGAR MEMORIAL

YOGA INSTITUTE ...... 33

APPENDIX E: ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR IYENGAR YOGA TEACHERS ...... 34

APPENDIX G: PRINCIPLES FOR INTERPRETING THE TERM “NOT MIXING METHODS” .... 36

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 INTRODUCTION This Handbook has been produced in order to inform teachers about the rules and regulations of their Association (Iyengar Yoga (UK) Ltd) and about their role, rights and responsibilities within the Iyengar Yoga community. IY(UK) Ltd is the official Iyengar Yoga Association in the United Kingdom, so is sometimes referred to as ‘the Association’ (or by its old name, ‘IYA’). IYA(UK) has now been formed into a company called IY(UK) Ltd so that it has the legal status necessary to develop as an educational ‘awarding authority’ in the UK and to own the Master Certification Mark Licence necessary to be able to issue individual sub-licences to teachers.

Within this Handbook, special attention should be paid to the sections emphasised by Yogacharya BKS Iyengar: the qualities of a teacher, the Aims and Objectives of RIMYI (the parent institute in Pune), ethical guidelines, not mixing methods, yoga therapy, yoga in pregnancy and teaching yoga to children, as well as other important information about the Certification Mark Sub-Licence and teacher membership renewal. Some of these sections form part of the IY(UK) Ltd company Articles and associated Standing Orders and Appendices.

The Articles and Standing Orders (rules and regulations) of the Association form a large document which is amended or updated on a regular basis, and the same applies to the Handbook. Teachers should consult these documents regularly (available on-line from the website www.iyengaryoga.org.uk and familiarise themselves with the parts which are relevant to themselves as teachers. If access to a computer or printer is not available, paper copies of all the documents can be requested from the IY(UK) office(email [email protected] or ring the IY(UK) office; see the contact details inside the Iyengar Yoga News magazine. There is much that Iyengar yoga teachers should know and ignorance of the rules is a poor defence if they fail in their duties towards their students,

IY(UK) is part of a strong, world-wide community of teachers who can all look to the inspiring and unparalleled example of Yogacharya BKS Iyengar. The same methodologies and programmes of study are followed throughout the world to maintain the high standards set by him. Although this Handbook is to remind teachers about aspects of their training and certification, ultimately it is the continued practice of Iyengar yoga which unites the community and underpins the work of Iyengar yoga teachers.

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF AN IYENGAR YOGA TEACHER by Yogacharya B. K. S. lyengar

1. Teaching is a difficult art, but it is the best service you can do to humanity. 2. Be strong and positive in your approach. The moment you show doubt in your teaching, you plant seeds of doubt in your pupil. 3. Be affirmative when teaching so as to create confidence in the pupil. Be negative within yourself so that you can reflect upon your work. Work on your own self, quietly at home, to find where you yourself have committed mistakes either in your explanations, or in the method of correcting your pupil. 4. In the art of teaching you have always to work as a learner. Teachers learn from their pupils, as every pupil is different in body and mind. It is the duty of the teacher to bring about unity in the body and mind of each individual pupil with varying traits. 5. You should have the humility to say that you are still learning the art. Never say, I am a teacher so I can teach. That is pride. 6. It is the nature of us all to protect our own bodies. When taking care of the bodies of your pupils, you have to be much more vigilant than of your own body. 7. Outwardly the teachers should be tremendously strong but deeply receptive to the needs of the pupil. Serve the pupil who has come to you, as if serving divinity. 8. Whilst teaching, show differentiation that your pupil is a pupil and you are his teacher. 9. Do not expect too much from your pupils, still generate the interest of the pupil so that you can extract more effort from him. 10. Never fail to admonish your pupil for mistakes or for not putting forward his best effort. Never praise a pupil, telling him that he is very good. The moment you lavish praise, you are praising your own self. This self-laudatory praise leads to the downfall of both teacher and pupil as it creates an attitude in the mind of the pupil that he is a very superior person. 11. Strive to forge ahead with your pupil. Build him up physically, mentally and spiritually by your own actions and example, and not mere words. 12. In the beginning children are dependent upon their parents. When the children mature, wise parents treat them as equals. Your approach towards your pupils should be similar, for you are the parent and your pupils are your children. When your pupils become mature, tread the path of learning together with them, for further refinement. 13. When you notice a pupil using the energy created by your yoga teaching only for gratification of the senses, never tell him that he is indulging in sensual pleasures. Attempt to turn his mind towards the spiritual aspect of life. This is a challenge to you as a teacher. 14. Do not judge a pupil by your own standards. The way your pupil talks and behaves will tell you his state of development. Descend to the level of your pupil and then guide him onwards slowly, with love and affection, till he reaches your standard. 15. Try to have a fresh approach for every lesson. Though you may be greatly advanced in your studies, you have always room for improvement. The deeper you probe, more fresh points will come to light. Then you will become a humble, respected and a lovable teacher.

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 QUALIFICATIONS OF A DISCIPLE from the Taitiriya Upanishad 1. Bow down to the Lord Narayana. 2. The Guru is Brahma, the Guru is Vishnu, the Guru is Mahesvar (the creator, the preserver and the destroyer). The Guru is the Universal Spirit, therefore pay homage to the Guru. 3. Speak the truth. 4. Be virtuous (Religion and virtue support, sustain and uphold man physically, morally, mentally and spiritually. Without them man is nothing). 5. Neglect not the study of the sacred lore and of the self. (The Self is a vast field known and unknown -consisting of the body, the mind and the soul). 6. Having brought wealth acceptable to the teacher, do not cut off the thread linking generations. (Do not cut off the thread of knowledge which has been spun by the sages of old, which has been followed from time immemorial and handed down from Guru to Guru by those who have practiced and experienced and who know what is good for humanity. Do not break this tradition). 7. Be not neglectful of the truth. (Do not let egoism and intellectual arrogance stand in the way of truth). 8. Be not neglectful of virtue and religion. (Do not despise any religion. That which is sacred to others should be sacred to you.) 9. Neglect not welfare. (Be extremely attentive for your own health and inner happiness for only then can you help others towards a better life.) 10. Be not negligent of prosperity. (Do not overlook your own self-support and maintenance. Work hard for you have to earn your own bread, be self-reliant.) 11. Do not leave the study and teaching of the knowledge of the Self (which has been practised by saints and throughout the ages. Learn to know your own Self.) 12. Be not negligent in your duties to God and to your fathers. 13. Treat your mother as a god (for she gave you birth). 14. Treat your father as a god (for he gave you life). 15. Treat your teacher as a god (for he initiated you in the path of knowledge and truth). 16. Treat your guest as a god (with love, warmth, respect and dignity when he visits your home). 17. Do what is irreproachable; discard the rest. (Do what is auspicious and good, not what is merely pleasant to the senses. The good is pure and lasting, conducive to happiness and spiritual progress. The pleasant is only momentary and brings sorrow. Therefore resist temptation.) 18. Follow the path shown by illuminated souls in thoughts, words and actions. Discard other paths. 19. Whoever is learned, whoever is spiritually evolved, respect him and treat him with reverence and offer him a seat in your heart. 20. Give with faith (and love and dedication whatever you have been graced with). Do not give without faith. Give plenty. Give with modesty Give without fear. Give with sympathy and compassion (expecting nothing in return). And God is within you. You are illuminated and those who come to you for guidance are guided for the betterment of their lives.

This extract from the Taitiriya Upanishad is taken from the leaflet published by the IY(UK)’s parent body, the Ramamani lyengar Memorial Institute (RIMYI).

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 GUIDELINES FOR THE TEACHING OF ASANA AND PRANAYAMA

CLASS PREPARATION Yoga • Read the Introduction to regularly. • Read Chapter 2 of the Yoga Sutras, particularly from Sutra 26 to the end, and Sutras 1- 12 of Chapter 3 • Read Light on Pranayama Section 1, Chapters 1 and 2. • Read Yoga: A Gem for Women by • Read Chapter 1 (on Asana) of the Pradipika. Anatomy • Be familiar with the structure of the body, and names of the major muscles and joints.

TEACHING METHOD Demonstration • Show the standing poses two or three times to new students so that they can get a visual picture of the poses. Repetition and Timing • Repeat the postures twice for beginners. • Do not ask beginners to hold the poses too long; initially 10 to 15 seconds on each side is enough. • Repeat the important poses rather than increase the length of time they are held. Only increase the length of time when the students have a good understanding and have built up stamina. Breathing • See that the students breathe normally while doing the postures • Check to see that the students do not hold their breath. GIDDINESS AND BLACKOUT MAY BE CAUSED IF THE ARE DONE WITH RETENTION OF THE BREATH. • Do not allow students to breathe through the mouth unless the nose is blocked. Adherence to Syllabus • Keep to the methodology of your training. • If you find it difficult to solve a problem which you observe in a student or which they bring to your notice, consult with a senior teacher. DO NOT TAKE RISKS. • Assess students’ weaknesses and ask for guidance from a senior teacher before you suggest remedial measures.

CONTRA-INDICATIONS Stiffness • If a student is stiff, do not force him or her into a posture. Face and Eyes • Look at the face and eyes. If the eyes are red or the colour of the face is different from that of the chest, it is an indication that something is wrong. Look for these signs. (Flushing of the face may be caused by retention of the breath.) Flushing and Tremors • If you observe flushing of the face, or trembling in the arms and legs, do not allow that student to do many standing poses and, at first, none at all. Blackout, low blood pressure and liver problems • In these cases, or in flushing and tremors as above, have the student do forward bends and inverted poses, or lie back on bolsters and do Savasana. After a few weeks, let them do two standing poses. As they improve, add one or more each time. Back to Contents 7

IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018

DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ SKILLS Understanding • Judge the amount of technique given by the ability of the students to understand. If they are slow, give less. Course Structure • Be flexible in pacing the course programme. If the students are slow to grasp the points, extend the work planned for one lesson over two or three. Time does not matter; the safe progress of the students is more important.

DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING SKILLS • Be courageous. Do not show fear. • Be retrospective. Build on what has been learnt. • Be bold within the limits of your knowledge but do not take risks. • Prepare each lesson using Light on Yoga. It will help to express the technique of each asana with clarity and conviction. • Question yourself each time you explain as to the efficacy of your explanations. • Be positive on the outside. Keep negative thoughts within and consider them afterwards. In this way your teaching will improve. • Treat your students as students, but always remember that they are God’s creation

PLEASE ALSO REFER TO GEETA IYENGAR’S BOOK, WHICH ALL TEACHERS SHOULD HAVE:

‘PRELIMINARY COURSE: BASIC GUIDELINES FOR TEACHERS OF YOGA’

GUIDELINES ON YOGA THERAPY

Therapeutic or remedial applications of yoga are an important aspect of Iyengar Yoga, as can be seen at the medical classes held at the RIMYI in Pune.

In a way, every Iyengar yoga class is ‘therapeutic’ but our method does not adopt a medical model, in which a particular condition is diagnosed and then treated with specific poses. Rather, we have a much more holistic approach in which a particular medical condition is seen as linked to a wide range of other factors; environmental, postural, psychological etc. Yoga does not treat the condition, in the way that medical doctors may give everyone with a certain illness the same medicine, but rather it treats the person. The knowledge and skills that yoga teachers need in order to provide therapeutic help to individual students with medical conditions cannot be learnt just from a book or from a workshop; it has to be learnt and developed over many years through practice, teaching and observing. The teacher must have a deep understanding of the student’s body and the way they practise yoga and this can only be learnt through experience.

Teachers who do not have this depth and length of experience can still help students who are not in perfect health. All teachers make adjustments or use props for individual students in their general classes. These teachers are not ‘treating’ students in a therapy class, but are helping them practise in ways that will help with their condition.

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 CLASSES THAT TEACHERS ARE QUALIFIED TO TAKE

Int.Jnr Int.Snr Int.Snr Intro Int.Jnr Int.Jnr Int.Jnr Level3 + 1,2,3 1,2,3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 therapy +therapy status status Healthy students with common        conditions with minor risks, eg: knees,        low back, neck and shoulders, See See See See  constipation, diarrhoea, headache, note 1 note 1 note 1 note 1 high blood pressure, anxiety and depression, diabetes and chronic fatigue syndrome        Normal pregnancy, healthy student        who already attends your class Antenatal class, if student has healthy pregnancy         ? One to one teaching of healthy  see      Students note 2 ? ? Abnormal pregnancy   see see    note 3 note 3

Gentle classes, for students needing        slower pace, more assistance/props (see note 4) Assisting Senior teacher in therapy ? class, under their supervision see       note 5 ? ? ? Offer therapy for medical conditions   see see see note   in a general yoga class situation note 6 note 6 6 ? ? ? Yoga therapy classes   see see see note   (see note 7) note 6 note 6 6

Eligibility for CNHC Register of Yoga        Therapists (see note 8)        Themed workshops        (see note 9)

Notes to table: 1. Teachers should always consult a senior therapy teacher if students have conditions that they are unsure how to deal with, even if those conditions are minor. 2. Teachers who gained their Intermediate Junior Level 1 qualification in 2009 or earlier can continue to teach existing one-to-one classes. Teachers who gained their Intermediate Junior level 1 qualification in 2010 or later must wait until they have gained their Intermediate Junior Level 2 qualification before taking on one-to-one classes. 3. If no Senior teachers are available locally, Intermediate Junior level 2 and 3 teachers can teach abnormal pregnancy cases, but only under the supervision of a Senior teacher. This does not apply to teachers who gained their Intermediate Junior level 2 qualification in 2010 or later – these teachers should not take on students with pregnancy complications. 9

IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018

4. ‘Gentle classes’ are not therapy classes and should not include therapy sequences. They are ordinary classes for students who need to work at a slower pace or with more help from props. 5. On the matter of Introductory teachers helping in therapy classes, Introductory Level 2 teachers can observe in therapy classes and, at the request of the senior teacher taking the class, they can help with bringing and arranging equipment. In due course, Intermediate Junior Level I and 2 teachers can handle students under the guidance of the senior teacher. Helpers are covered by the Senior teacher’s Therapy insurance. 6. If an Intermediate Junior Level 2 or 3 teacher qualified in 2009 or earlier and has been teaching a therapy class or medical cases, then they may continue, subject to approval by IY(UK) This does not apply to teachers who gained their Intermediate Junior Level 2 qualification in 2010 or later – these teachers must wait until they have qualified at Intermediate Senior Level 1 before they can become therapy teachers. 7. Any teacher teaching a therapy class is expected to have assisted in the medical classes at the RIMYI. 8. CNHC Register eligibility also requires that you should have assisted in the RIMYI medical classes, hold a current First Aid certificate, and adhere to CNHC code of conduct. 9. In 2011, Mr Iyengar sent a message to the IYA(UK) asking for a new ruling concerning the teaching of themed workshops to be put in place. Only those teachers holding Intermediate Senior Level 1 and above certification levels are qualified to teach or advertise themed workshops or classes. Examples of themes might be: knee injuries, back problems, classes geared towards inversions, rope work, classes for shoulders and upper backs, etc. Teachers can still advertise classes by level (e.g. beginners) and can describe classes as Asana, Pranayama or restorative poses. Classes advertised as general Asana classes can vary in their content (standing poses one week, twists and forward bends the next week, for example). Teachers qualified at Junior Intermediate level 2 or above are allowed to take ante-natal or pregnancy classes for women with normal pregnancies (although additional insurance cover is required).

Therapy/Pregnancy Insurance From the IY (UK) membership year 2014-15, teachers will no longer be required to purchase extra cover for pregnancy and/or therapy classes; these will in be included in standard policies at no additional cost for teachers who are qualified at the appropriate levels. Please refer to the document "Teaching to Certification Level" which is available on the IY (UK) website and has been incorporated into the insurance policy documents. Teaching beyond certification level or without the relevant approval from IY (UK) will render invalid any insurance policy should a student make an injurious claim against the teacher.

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 DECLARATION FORM FOR STUDENTS (AN EXAMPLE RESOURCE)

You must bear in mind, and adhere strictly to, the Association’s rules, regulations and guidelines when approached by new people who want to join your class. You are expected to accept only those you are qualified to teach, and should politely decline to teach students with medical conditions that you are not qualified (hence, not insured) to have in your class.

If your employer has not provided registration forms for your students, or you are self employed, you are advised to get students to complete one; it is worth giving some consideration to including a health declaration form (following the Therapy Guidelines).

DECLARATION FORM FOR STUDENTS (This is an example)

Please read the following carefully and sign below.

If you are receiving treatment from a medical practitioner, have recently had surgery or a serious accident or illness, or are on medication, please check with the teacher to see whether this class is suitable for your condition.

It is inappropriate for students suffering from certain medical conditions, or new students who are pregnant, to attend a Yoga class held by a teacher holding an Introductory teaching certificate of the IY(UK). Please talk to the teacher about any medical condition which you may have.

I declare that I am not suffering from any medical condition: Please tick Or I suffer from the following medical condition which is controlled by medication and understand that my teacher is qualified to accept me as a student:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Name (block capitals, please):

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Emergency contact telephone: ………………………………………………………………..

Signed: ………………………………………………………………………………………………

Date: …………………………………………………………………………………………………

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 TEACHING ASANA TO PREGNANT WOMEN

All certified teachers may teach their students who become pregnant and have normal pregnancies – see the therapy guidelines and ‘who can teach what’.

Notes on pregnancy from Yogacharya BKS Iyengar (August 1990)

• See that there is no injury to the foetus. There should be no pressure on the abdomen. • Parsvakonasana - bring the back of the waist to the front. • Miscarriage can take place because of aggressiveness; standing poses can aggravate this. • Sirsasana - use a brick between the thighs, tied with a belt. Take the heels out. • - keep the chest on a stool; take the groins back and the chest forward to ease the breathing and to make the child float. Is the student straining the abdomen? Touch her abdomen. If there is a downward action and pressure of the muscles this is wrong. Keep the action upward. Sometimes lift from the extreme outer edges. • Concave forward bends are good. • Inversions should be done - Sirsasana, ; but not for threatened miscarriages. • People with hypertension and hyper-sensitive people get miscarriages. Thin tall people can do longer, heavy people cannot. • If a pregnant girl comes to your class and does not do as you say, say to her, ‘I’m sorry, I don’t want to get a bad name for Yoga. I don’t want to harm the child. My refusal to allow you to do what should not be done may hurt you, but let me not be a party to inflict or abet in the injury or murder of the child. Now you have come for the growth of the inner child’. Use soft language first, then hard. • Adho Mukha Svanasana is good to counteract miscarriages, but turn the top leg inwards. If it is soft, there will be no miscarriage. If it is hard, give a bolster. Understretch the lumber and overstretch the middle chest - make the lumbar slightly convex, but not too much convex. • Avoid if there is a risk of miscarriage.

TEACHING YOGA CLASSES TO CHILDREN & VULNERABLE ADULTS: SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

• Children can begin Yoga at six years of age. • It is a mandatory requirement for people who take classes in schools to have Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) clearance. • IY(UK) strongly recommends all teachers who teach private classes to children or vulnerable adults in venues other than schools to have a CRB clearance. • Details about where to get a CRB clearance can be found on the IY(UK) website or by contacting the main office. • For children under eight, there are special regulations if any individual child stays in class for more than two hours each day. In this case, the teacher must be registered and this requires an OFSTED inspection (www.ofsted.gov.uk/childcare). For less than two hours a day this is not required. • Although the standard insurance policy available to all teachers through IY(UK) Ltd includes cover against any injurious claim while teaching yoga to children, it does not provide protection against an allegation of misconduct or abuse. It is therefore

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strongly recommended that any Iyengar yoga teacher who teaches children or vulnerable adults should select the additional option ‘Legal expenses for claims where no injury occurs’. If there is any doubt about this please contact the IY(UK) Ltd main office for advice. • As legislation is subject to change, it is the responsibility of teachers to keep up to date with current policy and regulations if they are teaching children or vulnerable adults. • No special requirements are required if children between the ages of 16 and 18 (or vulnerable adults) attend classes which are primarily set up for adults. • Private classes for vulnerable adults are those which have been set up primarily to teach adults who are elderly, or those who are known to be incapable of making normal everyday decisions for themselves.

TEACHER TRAINING IN IYENGAR YOGA

Any Iyengar yoga teacher may find themselves in a position where they have a student who has the potential to become a teacher, or one who makes an enquiry about teacher training, so it is important to be in a position to give them advice about this. Full details about the requirements needed to become a teacher or upgrade a certification level can be found on the website at www.iyengaryoga.org.uk. Brief details of the requirements are outlined here, and a copy of each individual syllabus (from APPENDIX D of the IY(UK) Standing Orders is included in this Handbook.

• have recently completed a minimum of three years of regular Iyengar yoga tuition with a teacher who holds an IY(UK) Certification Mark.

• be recommended in writing and the minimum number of years confirmed by their current teacher, or teachers, if more than one has been involved during the relevant period.

• be deemed to have reached a practice of an acceptable standard by the IY(UK) Teacher Trainer whose course they are applying for.

• Complete an IY(UK) Teacher Training application form, pay a registration fee, and be a member of IY(UK) when they apply. Membership of IY(UK) must be maintained throughout the entire duration of the training course and assessments.

The trainer will be able to provide any other details about how to apply for a place on the course.

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 FIRST AID TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR TEACHERS

1. IY(UK) requires all teachers to maintain their emergency life support skills. You are expected to attend a First Aid or Heart Start or equivalent certified course covering CPR and use of a defibrillator at least every 3 years. Please note that this is IY(UK)'s minimum requirement - certain employers may have further requirements.

2. Employers

If you own, or are in charge of a private yoga facility, you are required by law to carry out a first aid needs risk assessment. An assessment of the hazards and risks is needed to establish an appropriate level of first aid provision.

If you are confident that you understand what is involved, you can carry out a first aid needs risk assessment yourself. You don’t have to be a health and safety expert but remember – you are responsible for seeing that it is adequately carried out (Five Steps to Risk Assessment, HSE 1997)

3. First Aid Training

Training programmes are constantly being reviewed by the HSE and any first aid training provider will be able tell you of changes as they are implemented.

4. Recording Incidents (For Teachers)

In the event of an incident, the following information should be recorded.

a) Date, time and place of incident

b) Name of the injured or ill person

c) Details of the injury/illness and what action was taken

d) What happened to the person immediately afterwards, e.g. they went home, remained in class, were taken to hospital etc.

e) Name and signature of teacher or person dealing with the incident

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 THE CERTIFICATION MARK

The Certification Mark was introduced by BKS Iyengar in 2004, for all those trained and qualified to teach the Iyengar method of yoga. To be a registered teacher in the UK it is necessary to be a member of IY(UK) and buy the UK Sub-Licence to use the Certification Mark (CM).

What the Certification Mark is

The CM is a worldwide mark standing for high quality in yoga teaching. It is only for Iyengar Yoga Teachers. At the request of Yogacharya BKS Iyengar, all Iyengar Yoga Teachers outside India are required to have it. The aim of the Certification Mark is to show that a teacher who displays the CM logo can meet the high standards for the teaching of Guruji’s methods and philosophy of Yoga. It is a kite mark for Iyengar Yoga so that the public will know what they are getting. It is there to protect Guruji’s name and reputation, and at the same time it protects us as Iyengar Yoga teachers. We have worked hard to get our qualifications and now no one without our training can make a false claim to be an Iyengar teacher and endanger all our reputations.

The Association is the licence holder in the UK and is therefore responsible for the administration of the CM on behalf of BKS Iyengar, who owns the trade marks that make up the Certification Mark. In Europe (including the UK) the CM is registered as two trade marks:

• firstly, the logo, a silhouette of Yogacharya BKS Iyengar in (above), and • secondly, the name IYENGAR

These Trade Marks are for the use of all our certificated teachers but you must be licensed to use them by the IY(UK) on behalf of the owner, Yogacharya BKS Iyengar. Buying the licence allows you to use the name “IYENGAR” to describe the style of yoga you teach, and to use the Iyengar Yoga logo. The logo is sent to all teachers when they first take out the licence in the form of an acetate or electronic copy. The logo and the name IYENGAR should be used by you as often as possible, so they come to stand for the excellence of the Iyengar method in the public mind.

When you become a teacher you are sent two copies of the CM contract. The contract consists of the SUB-LICENCE AGREEMENT which has 3 annexes.

• Annex A explains the goods and services the two Community Trade Marks (which make up the Certification Mark) covered. You may put the CM on letterheads, on videos or DVDs and advertising classes and lectures. Read the list for details.

• Annex B explains use the name IYENGAR® and the standing figure (Natarajasana) device which many people will think of as the Certification Mark.

• Annex C lists the Ethical Guidelines for teachers using the Certification Mark. They have been taken from the US guidelines approved by Guruji. Please note that they are for guidance only and have been replaced in the UK by the ethical guidelines (Appendix E) in the IY(UK) rules and regulations.

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The Sub-Licence Agreement and the 3 annexes all have to be signed by the teacher and by a representative of the IY(UK). One copy is to be retained by the teacher and one by the Association.

As holders of the CM, teachers enter into a contract with the Association (as Mr Iyengar’s representative) to uphold the standards of Iyengar Yoga. Signing the Sub-Licence Agreement shows that teachers are willing to abide by the rules of the contract and the rules of the Association.

The licence to use the CM has to be renewed annually by payment of a fee but its renewal is also subject to the terms and conditions of its use. The terms and conditions (or rules of the Agreement or contract) are clearly outlined in the CM documents and Standing Orders, as well as being reinforced in the teacher membership annual renewal papers. By renewing teacher membership and the licence annually, a teacher confirms a willingness to continue to abide by the rules of the contract and agrees to follow the rules of the Association. The following is a summary of the rules and a guide to where these rules can be found.

In the CM Sub-Licence Agreement, it plainly states that Iyengar yoga teachers must teach ‘only in accordance with the IYENGAR method without mixing other styles of yoga or other disciplines’. Therefore, by signing or renewing the contract, Iyengar yoga teachers agree not to teach other forms of yoga nor mix the Iyengar method with other teaching methods. A more complete definition of what this means can be found in Appendix F of the Standing Orders.

It is also stated in the IY(UK) rules that each certificate has a separate syllabus. In the classroom situation and in the use of electronic media used for teaching, members are expected to adhere to the syllabus appropriate to their certificate. Therefore, teachers are qualified to teach only the asanas and pranayama from the syllabus of their certification level and from the syllabuses of any lower certification levels.

The CM Sub-Licence and related documents are provided when an Iyengar Yoga teacher becomes a teacher member of IY(UK). It is recommended that these are kept in a safe place for reference purposes. Replacement copies can be obtained from the main office but there will be a charge for this.

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 IY(UK) CERTIFICATION MARK (CM) SUB-LICENCE RENEWAL (CONTINUING IYENGAR YOGA EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT)

It is a compulsory requirement for all teachers to complete 25 hours regular Iyengar yoga tuition every year, preferably with a tutor who has a more senior Iyengar yoga qualification or more Iyengar yoga teaching experience than themselves, and 5 hours of specialised training (included in the 25 hours) every other year.

It is strongly recommended that the hours of regular tuition should be completed by attending regular classes throughout the year.

Approved Specialised Training for all teachers: • RIMYI (Attendance at general classes at the Iyengar Institute in Pune) • IY(UK) PD Day • Attendance at all 3 days of the IY(UK) Convention • Attendance at the Yoganushasanum held by RIMYI

NOTE: Only full teacher members are eligible to attend specialised training days or courses organised by IY(UK).

New Teachers Completion of an Iyengar course counts for the 25 hours tuition for the first full membership year and is also classed as specialised training.

Failure to comply with the IY(UK) CM renewal requirements Applications for renewal from teachers who have been unable to comply must include a letter of explanation, which should be submitted with the form and payment. Teachers who renew on-line should include an explanation in the space provided. All applications from teachers who have been unable to comply will be considered on an individual basis by the Ethics & Certification Committee.

Teachers who repeatedly fail to comply, without an acceptable reason, will not be allowed to renew the CM Sub-Licence and the teacher membership fee will be refunded.

Teachers who live outside the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland Those living in European (EU) countries where there is no Iyengar Yoga Association with a Master Licence able to issue Sub-Licences are eligible to apply for full teacher membership and the UK CM (which reflects European law). They are required to complete 25 hours of regular Iyengar yoga tuition in the country where they live but completion of the 5 hours of specialised training is not compulsory.

Those living in EU countries and who already have a CM Sub-Licence issued by the Association in the country where they live, are also eligible to be members of IY(UK) and be listed on the IY(UK) teacher lists but they are not required to buy the UK CM Sub- Licence and therefore not required to comply with the UK CM requirements.

Those living in other countries (outside the EU area) for more than one year are eligible to apply for IY(UK) membership, but they are required to apply to Gloria Goldberg in the USA for a CM Sub-Licence.

Ethics & Certification Committee/Membership Office 17

IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018

August 2011

USE OF THE NAME ‘IYENGAR’ BY CENTRES OR BUSINESSES

An Iyengar Certification Mark Sub-Licence is not a licence to use the name 'IYENGAR' as part of a teacher's business name. Teachers who are eligible to apply for business use of the name Iyengar must: a. be a current full teacher member of the IY(UK) licensed to use the Certification Mark; b. be qualified at Junior Intermediate Level II or above; c. normally have attended classes at the RIMYI in Pune or be known to be wholeheartedly, sincerely and dedicatedly passing on B.K.S. Iyengar’s teaching.

Requirements are: a. the proposed name of the centre must not cause any conflict with any other Iyengar yoga centres; b. the only yoga taught or advertised in the centre must be Iyengar yoga; c. Teachers resident in the UK conducting regular or occasional classes in the Centre must be current full teacher members of the IY(UK). d. any visiting teachers must either hold a valid CM or have RIMYI approval; e. B.K.S. Iyengar has requested that if a location is specified in the centre or business name, it should be a suburb, or a small geographical unit, not a large area such as a city or county, which might infringe upon the rights of other Iyengar Yoga teachers in the same city, county etc; f. permission to use the name Iyengar in the title of a centre is granted to the teacher owning or running the centre, not to the centre or business itself;

Applications from eligible teachers for business use of the name Iyengar should be made in writing to confirm the details above and sent to the Main Office or e-mailed to: [email protected], marked for the attention of the Ethics & Certification Committee.

NOTE: Teachers who have previously been granted permission for business use of the name 'Iyengar' and who own or run a private centre may apply for Affiliated Centre membership of IY(UK) for their business.

EC Committee & Membership Office 2011

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018

RE-INSTATEMENT OF FULL TEACHER MEMBERSHIP OF IY(UK)

“Once a person holds a certificate of any level from Introductory Level 2 onwards, that certificate can never be taken away or deemed as invalid”. BKS Iyengar, 2007

1. To teach Iyengar Yoga in the UK a qualified teacher must have the following: a. An Iyengar yoga teaching certificate b. A Certification Trademark Licence (CM) c. Full teacher membership of IY(UK)

2. Cancellation of the Certification Mark Licence means: a. You are unable to promote yourself or teach as an Iyengar yoga teacher b. Your name is removed from the IY(UK) teacher lists and website c. You are not eligible to attend any of the specialised training days for teachers

3. To re-instate your Teacher Member status following a lapse of Teacher Membership of less than 3 years you must: a. (From 2 March 2019) Hold Non–teacher membership of IY(UK) for at least one year before application for full Teacher Membership b. Complete the minimum number of hours of Iyengar yoga tuition necessary to comply with the CM licence requirements during the year prior to re- application for Teacher Membership c. Complete the IY(UK) Teacher Membership and CM licence forms d. Be committed to adhering to all the rules, regulations and ethical guidelines as highlighted in the Teachers’ Handbook. e. Pay your Teacher Membership and CM licence fees f. Pay an Administrative charge to be determined by a panel of 3 members to represent Finance, Membership and the Ethics & Certification Committee.

4. To re-instate your Teacher Member status following a lapse of Teacher Membership of more than 3 years you must: a. Hold Non–teacher membership of IY(UK) for at least one year before application for full Teacher Membership b. Complete the minimum number of hours of Iyengar yoga tuition necessary to comply with the CM licence requirements during the year prior to re- application for Teacher Membership c. Be seen to be “stable in your practice and wholly within the method”* before you can become eligible to join IY(UK) as a full Teacher Member and hold and use the “Certification Mark”. * BKS Iyengar, 2007 d. Have your application for renewal of IY(UK) Teacher Membership and CM licence forms supported by a recommendation from a Senior teacher or teachers. Under normal circumstances this should be in the form of a letter from a Senior teacher or in exceptional circumstances from two Junior Intermediate teachers g. Complete the IY(UK) Teacher Membership forms and CM licence forms. h. Be committed to adhering to all the rules, regulations and ethical guidelines as highlighted in the Teachers’ Handbook. i. Pay your Teacher Membership and CM licence fees j. Pay an Administrative charge to be determined by a panel of 3 members to represent Finance, Membership and the Ethics & Certification Committee Membership Office, April 2018

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 INSURANCE FOR IY(UK) TEACHERS Professional Indemnity insurance is an essential requirement for full teacher membership of IY(UK). This is not only to protect a teacher against claims for compensation sought by a student if mistakes are made, or a teacher is found to have been negligent but is also to protect the Certification Mark Sub-Licence.

In order to keep the cost of individual insurance for teacher members to a minimum, IY (UK) has been able to secure professional indemnity insurance through an external broker and insurer (DSC-Strand) as a group. The Yoga-Link Policy documents are available to check at www.yoga-link.co.uk.

The standard policy, which can be extended to include the Republic of Ireland, provides cover to teach general classes, classes for children and temporary overseas cover. Details of this and other optional policies are available at renewal time.

The indemnity policy is a based on ‘losses occurring’. This means that a teacher is covered if an alleged injurious claim is made against a teacher, providing a premium was being paid at the time that the incident occurred and the teacher has complied with the IY(UK) CM requirements. This cover continues for a period of three years after a teacher has retired or given up teaching when a premium is no longer being paid.

It also automatically provides indemnity for IY(UK) teacher trainees to work under the close supervision of the policy holder.

Queries about the fine details of the policy, or about extending the policy to cover other types of professional insurance should be made directly to DSC Strand (01252 735806).

OWN INSURANCE It is not an essential requirement for teachers to have the insurance provided for IY(UK) by DSCStrand but the low premium for the insurance offered does depend upon the strength of the group. Therefore teachers are asked to give consideration to this if they are considering alternative arrangements. Teachers who do decide to use an alternative provider for any reason must ensure that they are covered for the following: a. Yoga teaching (according to the classes taught) b. Limit of indemnity: UK £5,000,000 / RoI €6,500,000. This requirement will rise to £7,000,000 from the 2015/16 renewal year In addition: • There must also be provision for the policy to indemnify any student in your class who becomes an IY(UK) trainee teacher, before you can allow them to practise their teaching skills in your class. • IY(UK) must hold a copy (provided by you) of your current insurance certificate from the alternative source on file during the whole membership year.

IY (UK) Membership Office, March 2011

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 DATA PROTECTION ACT 1998 – IY(UK) INFORMATION FOR MEMBERS

1. Personal Data : Personal data is defined, under the Data Protection Act 1998, as data which relates to a living individual who can be identified from: a. The data held b. Any other information held, which includes any expression of opinion about the individual c. Any indications of the intentions of the data holder with respect to that individual.

IY(UK) has a duty, and is bound by the Data Protection Act 1998, to treat information given by any member as confidential and wherever necessary will seek to have your written permission to pass information to another party according to the Data Protection Act. 2. Why we need To provide high quality support for all members of IY(UK) by keeping your information : membership records up to date 3. We use your a. Communication, such as informing members of important information for : announcements and yoga-related events likely to be of interest, and other matters of concern to members, including BKS Iyengar’s Bellur charity b. To assist the general public to locate yoga classes (to the extent that teachers have agreed) c. Financial administration d. Child protection e. Auditing records f. Preparing statistics for the IY(UK) g. Investigating complaints or legal claims h. Confirming certification and qualification levels i. Administration of teacher training, assessment and development 4. Why we may In order to protect members (for example, in cases concerning the disclose your protection of children or vulnerable adults) it may be necessary to pass personal information to other organizations including the Police Authorities and information : Social Services. This does not constitute a breach of data protection. 5. Your rights : In the interests of transparency IY(UK) Ltd is fully committed to facilitating access by members to their personal data, while bearing in mind the rights of privacy of other individuals. Where we hold your personal data you may apply in writing for access to the information concerned, for which you may be charged a fee. 6. How long will Once your membership has lapsed, information will only be held on file we keep your for as long as is necessary for your membership type. record on file? 7. Further For further information please contact the IY(UK) main office. information:

Membership Office, January 2011

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 CERTIFICATE LEVELS: SYLLABUS AND RESTRICTIONS

Each certificate has a separate syllabus. In the classroom situation and in the use of electronic media used for teaching, members are expected to adhere to the syllabus appropriate to their certificate. It is also important to remember that teaching beyond a certification level which results in injury to a student will negate any insurance policy should the student make an injurious claim against the teacher.

• The Introductory certificate does not qualify a teacher to take specialist therapy or one-to-one classes.

• One-to-one classes: Teachers who qualified at Intermediate Junior Level 1 in 2009 or earlier are permitted to teach only those students who were attending their one-to- one classes in 2009, and as long as the student has no remedial or medical problems. Intermediate Junior Level 2 teachers may teach one-to-one classes, as long as the student has no remedial or medical problems.

• To teach therapeutic yoga classes of any kind (including one to one therapeutic classes), teachers must be approved by IY(UK) and have appropriate insurance (see the Therapy Guidelines).

• Only those teachers who have Intermediate Senior Level 1 and above certification levels are qualified to advertise and teach themed workshops or classes.

The syllabuses of asana and pranayama for each level of teaching certificate given on the following pages are those which have been provided by Mr Iyengar. Important asanas are in bold face and will be seen again at the next level for the Assessors to make sure the practice is maintained.

Some non-Iyengar teacher training courses require their trainees to attend classes taught by teachers trained in other methods. Such students may ask the teacher to sign or initial forms to confirm they have fulfilled this requirement as part of their training. To avoid any confusion with our own teacher training and to protect the use of the IYENGAR name, you are advised not to sign or initial such forms.

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 TEACHING SYLLABUS (FOR EACH LEVEL OF TEACHING CERTIFICATE) INTRODUCTORY LEVEL 1

1 20 Parvatasana 2 Vrksasana 21 Triang Mukhaikapada 3 Utthita 22 1 (twist only) 4 2 23 (a) with/w’out wall support for back (b) 5 (heels on rolled blanket) 6 Virabhadrasana l 24 Salamba Sarvangasana 1 7 25 Halasana (legs on stool) 8 Parsvottanasana (arms down/ head up) 26 Karnapidasana 9 Prasarita Padottanasana 1 (concave back) 27 Supta Konasana 10 28 Chatushpadasana 11 Padangusthasana (ref. L.O.Y. plate 258 & Gem for Women pl.102) 12 Padahastasana 29 Setubandha Sarvangasana (on a brick) 13 (concave back) 30 Urdhva Prasarita Padasana (90°) 14 Adho Mukha Svanasana (support hands/heels) 31 Bharadvajasana1 (turn without holding arm) 15 32 Savasana (on a bolster with an eye band, observing 16 the normal in & out breath) 17 (arms only) PRANAYAMA: 18 33 (stages 1 & 2) 19 34 Viloma (stages 1 & 2)

INTRODUCTORY LEVEL 2

1 27 Salamba Sarvangasana 1 2 Parivrtta Trikonasana 28 Halasana (toes on floor) 3 Parivrtta Parsvakonasana 29 Eka Pada Sarvangasana 4 Parivrtta Ardha Chandrasana 30 Parsvaika Pada Sarvangasana (as far 5 Virabhadrasana 3 as possible) 6 Utthita Hasta Padangusthasana 1 (leg to front) 31 Parsva Halasana 7 Adho Mukha Svanasana (support) 32 Setu Sarvangasana (UttanaMayurasana 8 Parsvottanasana (final) with support i.e. feet on wall, brick or stool) 9 Prasarita Padottanasana (final) 33 1 and 2 10 Uttanasana (final) 34 1 (final) 11 Urdhva Mukha Svanasana 35 Bharadvajasana 2 12 36 Malasana (c) heels down, gripping wall/column 13 37 Marichyasana 3 (twist, opposite bent elbow over 14 the bent knee) 15 & 38 Ardha 1 (preparatory learning to 16 sit on the foot, wall/foot support LOY pl.307- 17 Paripurna 308) 18 Ardha Navasana 39 Urdhva Dhanurasana 1 (from chair or stool) 19 Supta Virasana (supported & non-supported) 40 Dwi Pada (on a chair , legs 20 Baddha Konasana (give margin if difficult) parallel to the floor) 21 Supta Baddha Konasana 41 Savasana (eye band, normal in breath 22 Upavistha Konasana (sitting straight) and deep out breath) 23 Janu Sirsasana PRANAYAMA : 24 Marichyasana 1 (bend forward/hands entwined) 42. Bhramari 25 Paschimottanasana (Ugrasana/Brahmacharyasana) 43. Ujjayi (stages 3 to 4) 26 Salamba Sirsasana (against wall and rope) 44. Viloma (stage 3)

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 INTERMEDIATE JUNIOR LEVEL 1

1. Parsva Utthita Hasta Padangusthasana 18 Halasana (feet on floor) (with & without support) 19 Parsva Halasana (feet on floor) 2. Urdhva Prasarita Ekapadasana 20 Setubandha Sarvangasana 3. Prasarita Padottanasana 2 (final - dropping from Sarvangasana) 4. Gomukhasana (final) 21 Urdhva Prasarita Padasana 5. Parsva Dhanurasana 21 Ardha Matsyendrasana 6. (entwining arms or with bent elbow) 7. Paryankasana 23 (with legs bent) 8. 24 Eka Hasta Bhujasana 9. and Supta Svastikasana 25 Pincha (against wall) 10. Maha 26 Adho Mukha Vrksasana 11. Ardha Baddha Padma Paschimottanasana (both (palms sideways, against wall) hands holding foot ref. Gem for Women pl.27) 27 Urdhva Dhanurasana (from a chair) 12. Ubhaya Padangusthasana 28 Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana 13. Purvottanasana (supported, with interlock of fingers behind the 14. Sirsasana 1 (independent) head ref. Gem for Women pl. 144 & 146) 15. Salamba Sarvangasana 1 29 Savasana 16. Salamba Sarvangasana 2 PRANAYAMA : 17. Eka Pada Sarvangasana (top leg perpendicular to 30. Ujjayi (stages 5 - 8) the floor/ Halasana leg straight/L & R sides of 31. Viloma (stages 4 - 5) spine parallel) 32.

INTERMEDIATE JUNIOR LEVEL 2

1 Ardha Baddha Padmottanasana 17 Upavistha Konasana (final) (both hands on floor) 18 Malasana 2 (head down) 2 Ardha Baddha Padma Paschimottanasana 19 (stage 1) (LOY pl. 361 to 364, arms (holding from behind with help of belt) extended sideways) 3 Padmasana 20 Marichyasana 3 (final) 4 Tolasana 21 Urdhva Dhanurasana (from 2 bolsters) 5 22 Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana (legs on the floor, 6 1 ( LOY pl.173 ) with bent elbows hold the front legs of the chair ) 7 Parsva Sirsasana 23 Savasana 8 Eka Pada Sirsasana 9 Eka Pada Sarvangasana (toe touching the floor) PRANAYAMA : 10 Jathara Parivartanasana (with legs bent) 24 Bhramari 11 Supta Padangusthasana 1, 2, & 3 25 Ujjayi (stage 9 and 10) 12 Parivrrta Supta Padangusthasana 2 26 Viloma (stage 6) (leg across the body) 27 Kapalabhati 13 Utthita Hasta Padangusthasana 28 (stage 1 and 2, 3 or 4 cycles, 5 to 6 (front, independent, 1 & 2 hand holding the feet strokes at a time, followed by Savasana and final head to knee) 14 Dwi Hasta Bhujasana Note: Better Bhastrika is done first before other 15 Adho Mukha Svanasana (no support) pranayama at all levels. 16 Adho Mukha Vrksasana (palms front)

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018

INTERMEDIATE JUNIOR LEVEL 3

1. Ardha Baddha Padmottanasana 17. (classical asana) 18. Adho Mukha Vrksasana 2. Ardha Baddha Padma Paschimottanasana (palms back, like Mayurasana, with hands apart, (classical asana) one and a half feet distance from the wall) 3. Parsva Upavistha Konasana 19. Pincha Mayurasana (palms downwards and then 4. Parivrtta Upavistha Konasana learn with palms upwards) 5. Parivrtta Janu Sirsasana 20. Malasana 3 (arms 6. Parivrtta Paschimottanasana around legs and back LOY pl. 319 & 320 ) 7. Akarna Dhanurasana 2 ( LOY pl. 175 ) 21. Kurmasana 2 (arms 8. Marichyasana 2 extended backwards LOY pl. 365 ) 9. Parivrttaikapada Sirsasana 22. Eka Pada Sirsasana 10. Parsvaika Pada Sirsasana (final) 23. Urdhva Dhanurasana 1 (straight from ground) 11. Urdhva Padmasana in Sarvangasana (see 24. Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana (elbows NB: below) supported, feet on 1 ft high support e.g. viparita 12. Pindasana in Sarvangasana (see NB: below) karani box, setubandha bench that does not 13. (coming shake, then bent knees with feet on the floor to up to Sarvangasana) do independently) 14. Jathara Parivartanasana (with PRANAYAMA: legs straight, as far down as possible) 25. Bhramari 15. Ardha Matsyendrasana (arm straight and 26. Ujjayi (stage 11 & stage 12 - to capacity without gripping the foot ref. LOY pl. 313-316) strain) 16. Parivrtta Utthita Hasta Padangusthasana 27. Viloma (stages 7 and 8) 28. Bhastrika (stage 3, followed by Savasana)

INTERMEDIATE SENIOR LEVEL 1

1. Nakrasana 12. Supta Kurmasana 2. Krounchasana 13. Bhujapidasana 3. Urdhva Mukha Paschimottanasana 1 14. 4. Parsvaika Pada Sirsasana (foot 15. Parsva Bakasana touching the floor) 16. Urdhva Dhanurasana (rising up from the floor and 5. Niralamba Sarvangasana 1 with heels on floor) 6. Uttana Padasana 17. Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana (final) 7. Jathara Parivartanasana (final: both legs straight) PRANAYAMA 8. 18. Bhramari 9. Malasana 2 19. Ujjayi 8 & 9 (mastered) 10. Ardha Matsyendrasana 1 (final) 20. Viloma 7 & 8 11. Eka Pada Sirsasana 21. Savasana

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018

INTERMEDIATE SENIOR LEVEL 2

1. 1 & 2 14. Urdhva Dhanurasana 2 (going up from the floor, 2. Baddha Padmasana (if legs straight) Padmasana has been achieved) 15. Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana from Sirsasana 3. Urdhva Mukha Paschimottanasana 2 16. Eka Pada Viparita Dandasana 4. Urdhva Dandasana 5. Urdhva Padmasana in Sirsasana PRANAYAMA 6. Pindasana in Sirsasana 17. Ujjayi 8 (controlled practice) 7. Niralamba Sarvangasana 2 18. Viloma 9 8. Eka Pada Setu Bandha Sarvangasana 19. Shitali (Guruji’s note: Shitali has a better effect 9. (ref. LOY pl. 280 – 283) than Shitakari – being a cooling method, it can be 10. done in a hot climate – as stage 1 only, no digital 11. Skandasana exhalation. Shitakari – should be known but Shitali 12. Parsva Bakasana (going up from the floor) is effective) 13. Eka Pada Bakasana 2 20. Ia and Ib 21. Sanmukhi Mudra 22. Savasana

INTERMEDIATE SENIOR LEVEL 3 1 Vatayanasana 15 Urdhva Dhanurasana from Tadasana (LOY pl. 2 Baddha Padmasana (must be achieved) 483 to 486 ) 3 Yoga Mudrasana 16 Laghuvajrasana 4 Skandasana 17 5 Simhasana 2 18 Ardha Matsyendrasana 2 ( LOY pl. 330 & 331 ) 6 Urdhva (attempt from 19 Marichyasana 4 Sirsasana and learn to place the arms and legs) 20 Bhairavasana 7 21 Viranchyasana 8 Parivrttaika Pada in Sirsasana 22 9 Parsva Urdhva Padmasana in 23 Eka Pada Raja Kapotasana Sirsasana PRANAYAMA 10 Niralamba Sarvangasana 2 24 Ujjayi 8 (controlled practice) 11 Parsva Pindasana in Sarvangasana 25 Viloma 7 12 Mayurasana 26 Anuloma Pranayama IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb 13 27 Pratiloma Pranayama Ia and Ib 14 28 Viloma II (in Savasana)

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018

ADVANCED JUNIOR LEVELS 1, 2 AND 3 NB These Certificates are only given by Guruji - candidates assessed at RIMYI

LEVEL 1 1 Sirsasana II & III - [ plates 192 & 194,195] 12 Vamadevasana I 2 Baddha Hasta Sirsasana 13 Urdhva Dhanurasana from Tadasana coming up 3 Mukta Hasta Sirsasana with no jerks but with rhythm. 4 Parsva Sarvangasana 14 Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana from Sirsasana and 5 Setu Bandhasana back to Sirsasana 6 Bakasana and Parsva Bakasana from Sirsasana 15 Eka Pada Viparita Dandasana from Sirsasana 7 Vasistasana 16 Kapotasana 8 Visvamitrasana 17 II 9 Eka Pada Galavasana from Sirsasana PRANAYAMA 10 Galavasana from Sirsasana 18 Anuloma IVa & IV b Guruji’s note: stages Va to 11 Eka Pada I - from Sirsasana VIIIb, like Shitakari, may be occasionally practised, say once a week or once a fortnight. 19 Pratiloma II a & II b

LEVEL 2 1 Goraksasana 11 Eka Pada Galavasana from Sirsasana 2 Supta 12 Mandalasana 3 Parsva Urdhva Padmasana in Sarvangasana 13 Vamadevasana 4 Ardha Matsyendrasana III - [plate 332, 333] 14 Chakorasana 5 Padma Mayurasana 15 Ruchikasana 6 Hamsasana 16 7 Eka Pada Koundinyasana II from Visvamitrasana PRANAYAMA 8 Eka Pada Bakasana from Sirsasana 17 Pratiloma IIIa & IIIb 9 Urdhva Kukkutasana from Sirsasana 18 Surya Bhedana I & II 10 Eka Pada Urdhva Dhanurasana 19 Chandra Bhedana I & II 20 Sodhana Ia & Ib

LEVEL 3 1 Eka Pada Koundinyasana I and II from 11 Eka Pada Rajakapotasana II and III Sirsasana 12 Kasyapasana 2 Dwi Pada Koundinyasana from Sirsasana 13 Durvasasana 3 Eka Pada Bakasana I and II from Sirsasana PRANAYAMA 4 14 Pratiloma - III a & III b 5 Supta Bhekasana (Uttana) (LOY pl. 457, 458) 15 Surya Bhedana – II & III (stage IV is occasionally 6 Yogadandasana - (learn to fix the arms only) touched i.e. 1 x day in a week) 7 Urdhva Dhanurasana II 16 Chandra Bhedana - II & III (upright drop and straight legs) (same as for Surya Bhedana) 8 Eka Pada Viparita Dandasana II 17 Nadi Sodhana - IIa one day IIb the other day 9 Bandhasana Guruji’s note: As Mula Bandha and Uddiyana bandha 10 Vrschikasana I together are strenuous, do one day Mula bandha and the other day Uddiyana bandha.

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018

ADVANCED SENIOR LEVELS 1 AND 2

NB These Certificates are only given by Guruji - candidates assessed at RIMYI

LEVEL 1 1 Uttana Padma Mayurasana 9 Samakonasana 2 Sayanasana 10 Viparita Chakrasana in Urdhva Dhanurasana 3 Viranchyasana II 11 Vrschikasana II 4 Eka Pada Sirsasana and possible cycles with 12 Eka Pada Rajakapotasana IV Ruchikasana 13 Bhujangasana II 5 Kapinjalasana 14 Natarajasana 6 Parsva Kukkutasana PRANAYAMA 7 Yogadandasana - (entwine arms) 15 Nadi Sodhana Pranayama III a & IIIb 8 Vamadevasana II

LEVEL 2 1 Buddhasana 12 Ganda Bherundasana 2 Kapilasana 13 Viparita Salabhasana 3 Kala Bhairavasana 14 Triang Mukhottanasana 4 Dwi Pada Sirsasana PRANAYAMA 5 Paripurna Matsyendrasana 16 Nadi Sodhana - IVa & IVb 6 Kandasana As these are variations of pranayama, a teacher should 7 Supta keep in touch with all the stages as students may need 8 Valakhilyasana certain guidance to react to their problems. But for 9 Rajakapotasana regular practise, one can keep up Ujjayi, Anuloma, 10 Padangustha Dhanurasana Pratiloma and Nadi Shodhana. Sometimes even in a 11 Sirsa Padasana regular practitioner the nostrils, or the lungs or the 10 Gherandasana I & II spine may give way accordingly one has to adjust what pranayama fits that day.

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PRANAYAMA SYLLABUS

Introductory Level 1 Introductory Level 2

Ujjayi (stage I & II) Bhramari Viloma (stage I & II) Ujjayi - (stages III to IV) Viloma - (stage III)

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018

Intermediate Junior Level 1 Intermediate Junior Level 3

Ujjayi - (stages V to VIII) Bhramari Viloma - (stages IV and V) Ujjayi - (stage XI & stage XII - to capacity without Kapalabhati strain)

Viloma - (stages VII & VIII) Intermediate Junior Level 2 Bhastrika - (stage III followed by Savasana)

Bhramari Ujjayi (stage IX & X) Viloma (stage VI) Kapalabhati Bhastrika - (stage I & II, 3 or 4 cycles, 5 to 6 strokes at a time followed by Savasana) (Note: Better Bhastrika is done first before other Pranayama in all levels)

Intermediate Senior Level 1 Intermediate Senior Level 3

Bhramari Ujjayi VIII - (controlled practice) Ujjayi VIII & IX - (mastered) Viloma VII Viloma VII & VIII Anuloma Pranayama - II a & II b, III a & III b Bhastrika IV Pratiloma Pranayama - Ia & Ib Savasana Viloma II in Savasana

Intermediate Senior Level 2

Ujjayi VIII - controlled practice Viloma IX Shitali – Guruji’s note: Shitali has a better effect than Shitakari – being a cooling method, it can be done in a hot climate - as stage one only, no digital exhalation. Shitakari – should be known but Shitali is effective. Anuloma Pranayama – Ia & Ib Sanmukhi Mudra Savasana

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018

Advanced Junior Level 1 Advanced Junior Level 3 Anuloma - IVa & IV b – Guruji’s note: stages Va to VIIIb, like Shitakari, may Pratiloma - III a & III b be occasionally practised, say once a week or once a Surya Bhedana – II & III (stage IV is occasionally fortnight. touched i.e. 1 x day in a week) Pratiloma - II a & II b Chandra Bhedana - II & III (same as for Surya Bhedana) Nadi Sodhana - IIa one day IIb the other day Guruji’s note: As Mula Bandha and Uddiyana bandha Advanced Junior Level 2 together are strenuous, do one day Mula bandha and the other day Uddiyana bandha. Pratiloma - III a & III b Surya Bhedana - I & II Chandra Bhedana - I & II Nadi Sodhana - la & Ib

Advanced Senior Level 1 Advanced Senior Level 2

Nadi Sodhana Pranayama - III a & b Nadi Sodhana - IVa & IVb As these are variations of pranayama, a teacher should keep in touch with all the stages as students may need certain guidance to react to their problems. But for regular practice, one can keep up Ujjayi, Anuloma, Pratiloma and Nadi Sodhana. Sometimes, even in a regular practitioner, the nostrils or the lungs or the spine may give way; accordingly one has to adjust what pranayama fits that day.

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 RESOURCES AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

All Iyengar Yoga teachers in the UK are members of the IY(UK), so should be familiar with its Aims and Objectives. Your students may ask you about the Association; please encourage them to join. Non-teacher membership costs little, and may be even less when it is taken through a Member Institute of the IY(UK).

Although the main Aims and Objectives and structure of the Association rarely changes, its Standing Orders (Rules and Regulations) and associated documents are likely to be amended more frequently, as the Association develops. In accordance with IY(UK)’s environmental policy, paper copies of the changes will not normally be sent out. The latest version is lodged on the IY(UK)’s website, for you to download or consult online. If you need to refer to the documents and you cannot access it this way please ask the IY(UK)’s administrator for help.

Certain sections of the Standing Orders are of particular significance for teachers; the most important are included in the Appendix to this Handbook. Please read them, and bear in mind that there may be updated versions published later.

The extracts from the Standing Orders provided in this Appendix are:

TITLE AND NATURE OF THE ASSOCIATION - AIMS AND OBJECTIVES APPENDIX A: THE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RAMAMANI IYENGAR MEMORIAL YOGA INSTITUTE APPENDIX E: ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR IYENGAR YOGA TEACHERS APPENDIX G: PRINCIPLES FOR INTERPRETING THE TERM “NOT MIXING METHODS”

More extensive information is available to teachers on-line:

www.iyengaryoga.org.uk

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 SELECTED EXTRACTS FROM THE ARTICLES OF IY(UK) LTD Articles of the Association 1. TITLE AND NATURE OF THE ASSOCIATION • The Association shall be called Iyengar Yoga (UK) Ltd, hereinafter referred to as the Association. • The President of the Association shall be Yogacharya Sri B.K.S. Iyengar or his designated successor. • The Association shall be affiliated to the Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute, situated in Pune, India, hereinafter referred to as the RIMYI. • The Association shall be a not-for-profit organisation.

2. AIMS AND OBJECTS OF THE ASSOCIATION • promote and encourage the teaching of the Iyengar method and to maintain the teaching standard set by Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute situated in Pune, India; • provide facilities for the instruction and training of individual persons in the principles of Yoga according to the Iyengar method; • affiliate to the Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute situated in Pune, India and to support its aims and objects; • act as the sole Awarding Organisation in the UK for recognised Iyengar Yoga teaching Qualifications • be solely responsible in the UK for training and assessing applicants for Iyengar Yoga teaching certificates and issue those certificates; • maintain and disseminate a national register of approved teachers and teacher trainers of Iyengar Yoga; • provide qualified teachers of Iyengar yoga with opportunities for continuing professional development • promote and advance the study and the practice of, and research into, the therapeutic effects of Iyengar Yoga as a means of improving the mental, physical and spiritual health of the community, and to publish the useful results of any such research; • advance public education and engagement in the classical teachings of the based upon the principles of the highest standards of personal conduct and service to others; • arrange and provide for the holding of Yoga demonstrations, meetings, conventions, lectures and classes; • encourage communication, harmony and unity among Iyengar Yoga practitioners in the United Kingdom and in other parts of the world; • establish and maintain links with Iyengar Yoga Institutes and groups in the UK and overseas. • provide information and advice services to Members and to the general public including the publication of a regular magazine and/or other publications as appropriate, and the maintenance of a website

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 APPENDICES FROM THE IY(UK) STANDING ORDERS APPENDIX A: THE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RAMAMANI IYENGAR MEMORIAL YOGA INSTITUTE

1. To promote yogic education and impart yogic instruction for the development of and integration of human personality in all its aspects, physical, mental and spiritual, in accordance with the techniques evolved and developed by the Director, Yogacharya B. K. S. Iyengar, and as followed by Associate Directors Dr Geeta S Iyengar and Sri Prashant Iyengar. 2. To make proper arrangements for the teaching of Yoga and Yoga science. 3. To initiate aspiring individuals in Yoga irrespective of caste, colour, sex, religion and nationality. 4. To propagate the value of the yogic order of living to the intelligentsia and the masses in all forms of media without detracting from the dignity and value of the subject. 5. To initiate, encourage and guide in the works of methodology and techniques. 6. To print and aid in the writing of publications, books, articles, magazines and journals connected with the subject of Yoga. 7. To do all acts and things necessary to achieve the objects mentioned above either alone or in conjunction with any other person or institution. 8. To establish a library of Yogic literature. 9. To render Yogic advice and organise Yoga clinics where physical, nervous, and psychic disorders and diseases can be treated according to Yogic methods 10. To arrange cultural and social programmes and/or Yoga performances on behalf of the Institute. 11. To make films either in black & white/or colour on Yoga Asanas, Pranayama and , with or without sound, and distribute the same for exhibition in schools and colleges, educational institutions and elsewhere and/or making television films for the education and propagation of Yoga. 12. To train teachers and instructors in the science and art of Yoga, conduct tests, and award Certificates of merit to successful candidates. 13. To revive interest in the teachings of the ethical and spiritual philosophy of India. 14. To invite scholars, philosophers and others to give talks on Yoga. 15. To grant scholarships, or give monetary and/or other assistance, feeships, to students studying Yoga. 16. To give donations or contribute to any other public charitable institution. 17. To foster and develop correct meditative practice, and to make comparative studies in the meditative practices of East and West. In this way the Institute will contribute positively to the dialogue between different schools of philosophy. 18. To enter into agreements with other public charitable institutions or Trusts for running and conducting Yoga classes in conjunction with others and for the spread and propagation of the aims and objects of the Institute.

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018

APPENDIX E: ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR IYENGAR YOGA TEACHERS

The Executive Council of the IY(UK) hereby announce, pursuant to Association’s Bylaws, the Ethical GUIDELINES for Iyengar Yoga Teachers. The formulation of these guidelines took into consideration the unique position of Iyengar Yoga Teachers. A position unique in that it was at the request of our teacher B.K.S. IYENGAR that the and (in particular Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Bramacharya, Aparigraha and Sauca), along with current U.K. Law and social climate, be blended into a set of ethical GUIDELINES that are reasonable and yet set high standards for individual, social and professional conduct binding on all member teachers of the IY(UK).

1. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS OF IYENGAR YOGA TEACHERS Iyengar Yoga Teachers are dedicated to maintaining the highest standards of professional competence and integrity. a. Iyengar Yoga Teachers dedicate themselves to studying, teaching, disseminating and promoting the art, science and philosophy of Yoga according to the teachings and philosophy of Yogacharya Sri B.K.S.IYENGAR (Tapas) b. Iyengar Yoga Teachers seek to continue their studies of Yoga put forth by Yogacharya Sri B.K.S.IYENGAR and family directly by attending classes at the Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute or indirectly by attending workshops, classes or conventions organised by members of IY(UK). Study should be with Iyengar Yoga Teachers certified at a higher level, i.e. the teacher in training should be at least one level below the teacher (Svadhyaya). c. Iyengar Yoga Teachers endeavor to accurately represent their education, training and experience relevant to their teaching of Iyengar Yoga (Satya). d. When in an Iyengar classroom situation, Iyengar Yoga Teachers will not mix the teachings of Iyengar Yoga with any other disciplines. (Aparigraha). e. Iyengar Yoga Teachers strive not to be publicly critical of other Iyengar Yoga Teachers in their absence or of other systems of Yoga (Ahimsa). f. Iyengar Yoga Teachers refrain from using the figure Hanumanasana and temple trademark design registered with the United States Patent and Trade Mark Department in Mr. Iyengar’s name. The use of this Service Mark is reserved for use by non-profit organizations composed of students and friends of Yogacharya Sri B.K.S.IYENGAR who meet the criteria of 1(a) and are approved for such usage by the Service Mark Committee (Asteya) of the B.K.S.Iyengar Yoga National Association Of The United States. g. The Service Mark is owned by and licensed from BKS Iyengar, Pune, and administered by Ms. G. Goldberg in the USA.

2. RESPONSIBILITY TO STUDENTS AND COMMUNITY- SOCIAL ETHICS Iyengar Yoga Teachers are committed to enhancing the general health and welfare of their students and the community in which they live. This includes respecting the rights and opinions of their students and obeying local laws. a. Iyengar Yoga Teachers embrace truthfulness in all dealings with their students and the community (Satya). b. Iyengar Yoga Teachers welcome all students regardless of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, financial status, national origin, or physical disability (skill level of teacher permitting) (Asteya). c. Iyengar Yoga Teachers avoid all forms of sexual harassment of students and are honest in their intimate relationships (Ahimsa and Bramacharya).

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018

d. Iyengar Yoga Teachers recognize the responsibility inherent in the relationship between student and teacher and will avoid exploiting the trust and potential dependency of such students (Ahimsa and Aparigraha). Iyengar Yoga Teachers recognise that they are in a position of power in the classroom and do not exploit the trust or acquiescence of students. Having regard to the power differential, Iyengar Yoga Teachers are aware of the possibility of relationships between teachers and students outside the classroom complicating or compromising the student-teacher relationship. e. When possible, Iyengar yoga Teachers generously assist students in finding another Iyengar teacher when requested. (Aparigraha). f. Iyengar Yoga Teachers espouse the importance of being earnest and sincere in their efforts to avoid casual or careless teaching (Tapas).

3. PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY OF IYENGAR YOGA TEACHERS- INDIVIDUAL ETHICS Iyengar Yoga Teachers sincerely cultivate a level of purity in matters of personal habits and lifestyle (Sauca). a. Iyengar Yoga Teachers maintain a clean and well-groomed appearance (Sauca). b. Iyengar Yoga Teachers dress in a modest manner when teaching or participating in an Iyengar Yoga class. (Sauca and Bramacharya). c. Iyengar Yoga Teachers avoid abuse of substance such as drugs and alcohol (Sauca).

4. RESPONSIBILITY TO THE IY(UK) ETHICAL GUIDELINES Iyengar Yoga Teachers find these IY(UK) Ethical Guidelines binding by virtue of their membership in the IY(UK). a. The IY(UK) Ethical Guidelines are not exhaustive. The fact that a given conduct is not specifically addressed by the IY(UK) Ethical Guidelines does not mean that the conduct is necessarily ethical or unethical. Classical codes of conduct should be honoured and observed as well as UK Law. b. Lack of familiarity with or misinterpretation of these Ethical GUIDELINES is not justification for unethical conduct. c. Failure to cooperate in an ethics investigation or disciplinary proceedings is a violation of the IY(UK) Ethical Guidelines. d. Iyengar Yoga Teachers who are uncertain as to the meaning or content of the IY(UK) e. Ethical Guidelines as it relates to a particular situation shall contact the IY(UK) Ethics & Certification Committee for clarification before acting.

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IY (UK) Teachers Handbook – May 2018 APPENDIX G: PRINCIPLES FOR INTERPRETING THE TERM “NOT MIXING METHODS”

All certificated Iyengar Yoga teachers who are licensed to use the Certification Mark are not permitted to teach any form of yoga other than that which has been approved by BKS Iyengar.

This does not mean that Iyengar Yoga teachers cannot have an interest or be qualified in another field or discipline, even one which may be closely related to yoga either in reality or by its appearance, but it is the individual responsibility of all certified teachers not to introduce into their Iyengar yoga classes teaching methods from other yoga disciplines or teaching schools.

Where permission for business use of the name Iyengar has been given to the owner of a yoga centre, studio or other organisation, no other form of yoga should be taught or advertised.

Iyengar Yoga teachers teaching through other organisations or using their buildings to hold classes, must not link these organisations to Iyengar Yoga or introduce other activities into the Iyengar Yoga class and must make it clear to their students that Iyengar Yoga is a separate system.

For Iyengar Yoga teachers who also teach meditation or other spiritual or religious techniques from a different tradition, it is important that such techniques are taught as a separate entity and that they do not in any way become part of their Iyengar yoga classes.

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