DOCSLIB.ORG

Dissertation Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree “Doktor Der Agrarwissenschaften” (Dr.Sc.Agr./Ph.D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dissertation Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree “Doktor Der Agrarwissenschaften” (Dr.Sc.Agr./Ph.D UNIVERSITÄT HOHENHEIM Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics Section of Animal Breeding and Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics Prof. Dr. Anne Valle Zárate Sustainability analysis of beef production with Bali cattle in smallholder farms on Ceram Island, Indonesia Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree “Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften” (Dr.sc.agr./Ph.D. in Agricultural Sciences) to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences presented by Faradilla Attamimi born in Ambon, Indonesia Stuttgart-Hohenheim, January 2011 This thesis was accepted as a doctoral dissertation in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree “Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften” by the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the University of Hohenheim on (date): January 26, 2011 Date of oral examination: February 28, 2011 Examination Committee Supervisor and Reviewer Prof. Dr. Anne Valle Zárate Prof. Dr. Michael Grashorn Co-Reviewer Prof. Dr. Hans-Peter Piepho Additional Examiner Prof. Dr. Regina Birner Dr. Pera Herold Vice-Dean and Head of the Committee Prof. Dr. Andreas Fangmeier i Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to appreciate my heartfelt acknowledgements to my main supervisor, Prof. Dr. Anne Valle Zárate, who supported me even when I was not known to her and assisted in the entire arrangement and the execution of the study. Special mention is made to her overwhelming assistance in facilitating my family to join me in Germany. I am grateful to Prof. H.-P.Piepho for being my co-supervisor during my study period in the University of Hohenheim. His advises and suggestions in the statistical analysis, especially in providing information on applying cluster analysis and general linear model for cattle performance and forage analyses was helpful. My sincere gratitude is extended to my mentor, Dr. Marianna Siegmund-Schultze for her guidance from the first time I approached the Institute in 2003 to the end of my thesis completion. She assisted me from the time I prepared my PhD proposal, getting the scholarship until the first time I came to Germany, and entered the door of the Institute. Thank you for being my friend, my mentor, and my family in Germany. Many thanks to all farmers and key persons on Ceram, who participated in the study and shared the information with me. Many thanks were also addressed to the lecturers and students of Pattimura University for joining my team to conduct the research on Ceram. My gratitude is extended to the following persons from within and outside the Institute of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics: Dr. Pera Herold for her guidance especially in the first days I entered the Institute, Dr. Regina Rößler, Dr. André Markemann, Dominique Keller (who provided me invaluable information and helped me in administration works), Margit Mayr (for the opportunity to share the office in the first days of my arrival, and helping me to search for some documents in the library), Sigrid Seitz (for helping me registering in the Rathaus once I arrived in Stuttgart), Dr. Getahun Legesse (for sharing invaluable information and suggestions for my research and study), Dr. Thomas Rewe, Dr. Le Thi Thanh Huyen (for sharing some invaluable information and especially for being my friend), Evans Ilatsia (for being my “private mentor” in statistics), Kebede Amenu Ejeta (for being my room-mate who accepted noise from my visitors and helping me in editing the thesis), Bianca Haußner, the Al Baqain family, Sarah Schneider and Thanammal for editing my language. Special gratitude to Sjakkelien van Lier and Stevan for providing me support and Hetty Londo for being my family in Europe. Special thanks to Ratna CP Armanugraha for ii her suggestions, information and guidance, especially for getting research funds. Many thanks go to my Indonesian collegues at the University of Hohenheim and all members of Ngaji Stuttgart for being my family here in Germany. The study could not have been done without the financial support from the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) which provided me a scholarship to undertake the study and the Father and Son Eiselen Foundation Ulm which provided me funds to undertake the research in Indonesia. I would also like to thank The Department of Agriculture, Maluku Province for all the support and for allowing me to study in Germany. I thank my parents for all the encouragement they have given me throughout the time it has taken to complete this research project. I thank my beloved husband, Agus Pambudi who has sacrificed his career and works to accompany me through these tough days. And last but not least, I thank my beloved son Fayyadhansyah Gibraltar Pambudi for understanding my absence. iii Table of contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................. II TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................................IV LIST OF TABLES ..............................................................................................................................VI LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................VIII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................................................IX 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................... 4 2.1 SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION ............................................................................ 4 2.1.1 Definition of sustainability ................................................................................................ 4 2.1.2 Sustainable livestock production systems.......................................................................... 6 2.1.3 Assessment of sustainable livestock production ................................................................ 7 2.2 BEEF PRODUCTION WITH BALI CATTLE IN INDONESIA .................................................... 11 2.2.1 Breed description and population dynamics ................................................................... 11 2.2.2 Production systems.......................................................................................................... 15 2.2.3 Performance of Bali cattle............................................................................................... 18 2.3 SMALLHOLDER FARMING SYSTEMS ON CERAM ISLAND , INDONESIA .............................. 21 2.3.1 Feed Resources................................................................................................................ 21 2.3.2 Population and socio-economic conditions..................................................................... 22 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS.................................................................................. 32 3.1 STUDY AREA .................................................................................................................... 32 3.2 SELECTION OF DISTRICTS, VILLAGES , FARMERS , CATTLE AND KEY PERSONS ................. 34 3.2.1 Selection of villages......................................................................................................... 35 3.2.2 Selection of households (farmers and cattle)................................................................... 36 3.2.3 Selection of key persons................................................................................................... 37 3.3 DATA COLLECTION .......................................................................................................... 38 3.4 DATA ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................. 51 3.4.1 Characterisation of the production systems .................................................................... 51 3.4.2 Cattle performance analysis............................................................................................ 55 3.4.3 Forage analysis ............................................................................................................... 57 3.4.4 Sustainability Indicator selection .................................................................................... 60 3.4.5 Estimation of the farms’ sustainability............................................................................ 61 iv 4 RESULTS....................................................................................................................... 64 4.1 CURRENT BALI CATTLE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ON CERAM ISLAND , INDONESIA ........... 64 4.1.1 Characterisation and socio-economic analysis of Bali cattle farms in different crop- livestock production systems ........................................................................................... 64 4.1.2 Performance of Bali cattle............................................................................................... 77 4.1.3 Forage availability and quality ....................................................................................... 84 4.2 ESTIMATION OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ’ SUSTAINABILITY ............................................. 87 4.2.1 Sustainability indicator selection ...................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Factors Affecting the Reproductive Performance of Sahiwal Cattle
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 1236-1240 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.151 Factors Affecting the Reproductive Performance of Sahiwal Cattle Devesh Singh, C. B. Singh, B. S. Khadda* and S. B. Bhardwaj Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The present study was conducted on 308 Sahiwal cows sired by 38 bulls spared over a K e yw or ds period of 32 years (1981- 2012), maintained at instructional dairy farm and AICRP on Age at first calving, cattle -Sahiwal (field unit) at G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar Uttarakhand and Chak Ganjaria Calving interval, Government Cattle Farm Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. The overall least- square means for age Service period, at first calving (AFC), first calving interval (FC1) and first service period (FSP) were Sahiwal cattle, 1281.89 ± 15.57, 426.70 ± 8.53 and 140.85 ± 8.90 days, respectively. Significant effect of Reproductive traits sire and farm was observed in all the reproductive traits, while season was found to non- significantly influencing the age at first calving, first calving interval and first service Article Info period. Period of calving had highly significant (P<0.01) effect on AFC whereas, effect period of calving was found to be non-significant on first calving interval and first service Accepted: period.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.Pdf Open Access
    Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 RESEARCH ARTICLE Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.13/November-2020/3.pdf Open Access Genetic characterization and phylogenetic study of Indonesian cuscuses from Maluku and Papua Island based on 16S rRNA gene Rini Widayanti1 , Richo Apriladi Bagas Pradana1 , Rony Marsyal Kunda2 and Suhendra Pakpahan3 1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 2. Biology Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia; 3. Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia. Corresponding author: Suhendra Pakpahan, e-mail: [email protected] Co-authors: RW: [email protected], RABP: [email protected], RMK: [email protected] Received: 04-06-2020, Accepted: 22-09-2020, Published online: 04-11-2020 doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2319-2325 How to cite this article: Widayanti R, Pradana RAB, Kunda RM, Pakpahan S (2020) Genetic characterization and phylogenetic study of Indonesian cuscuses from Maluku and Papua Island based on 16S rRNA gene, Veterinary World, 13(11): 2319-2325. Abstract Background and Aim: Indonesian cuscuses are now becoming scarce because of the reduction of habitat and poaching. Further, molecular characterization of Indonesian cuscuses is still very lacking. This study aimed to determine genetic markers and phylogenetic relationships of Indonesian cuscuses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Materials and Methods: This study used 21 cuscuses caught from two provinces and 16 islands: 13 from Maluku and eight from Papua. Cuscus samples were taken by biopsy following ethics guidelines for animals.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development and Structural Change Of
    沿岸域学会誌，Vol.28 No.1, pp.35－47 （Journal of Coastal Zone Studies） 2015 年 6 月 論 文 THE DEVELOPMENT AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE OF MARINE SASI SYSTEM - A TRADITIONAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN CENTRAL MALUKU VILLAGES, INDONESIA Awwaluddin*, Xiaobo LOU**, Fang CHEN* ABSTRACT: Marine Sasi plays an important role in coastal resource management as a traditional and informal system in Maluku villages, Indonesia. The existence and performance of Sasi system and other indigenous knowledge practices in Indonesia were widely affected by various policies issued by the government. The sustaina- bility and functionality of Sasi system were weakened significantly in the 1970s due to the changes of village gov- ernment system. Meanwhile, the Sasi system has been predicted to be recovered after the implementation of local government system reformation in 2004. This paper tries to clarify the actual condition of marine Sasi system in Maluku villages during three different regimes, i.e., traditional, Centralization and Decentralization regime; and also to analyze the impacts of the changes in village government system to the structure of marine Sasi. The number of marine Sasi system was declined during the Centralization Regime, but has been increasing in the Decentralization regime as it was predicted. Meanwhile the structure of marine Sasi system was weakened during the centralization regime, but starting to improve in the Decentralization regime. Marine Sasi system is important for the Maluku vil- lages’ community members, but it is fragile to the changes of village government system. KEYWORDS: Marine Sasi, coastal resource management, indigenous knowledge, Maluku villages-Indonesia 1. Introduction biological natural resources”3).
    [Show full text]
  • View Full Text-PDF
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(01): 1773-1779 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 01 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.207 Assessment of Haematological and Biochemical Changes in Postpartum Anoestrous Ongole Cattle of Andhra Pradesh M. Rama Goury1, B.V.S. Saikiran2, S.K.I. Vasantha2*, Nikhil Kumar Tej2 and C.H. Srinivasa Prasad2 1NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, A.P, India 2Dept of Veterinary Physiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, A.P, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The present study was aimed to assess the hemato-biochemical changes in postpartum anoestrous Ongole cattle. A total of 12 animals of same age and K e yw or ds body weight were randomly selected and divided in to two groups, G I: Hematology , postpartum anoestrous (PPA, n=6) and G II: cyclic animals (n=6). Blood Biochemical , samples were collected by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for Postpartum anoestrous (PPA); hematological parameters. Further, the serum was separated from another Ongole cattle aliquot of blood sample and utilized for biochemical parameters. The mean RBC, Hb, PCV, glucose, total protein and cholesterol values were Article Info significantly (p<0.05) lower in PPA compared to cyclic animals. In Accepted: 12 December 2020 contrast, no significant (p>0.05) difference was observed in MCV, MCH, Available Online: MCHC, WBC, lymphocyte and monocytes between groups. From the 10 January 2021 present study, it was concluded that hematological and biochemical parameters are reliable indicators of postpartum anestrus.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2001-2002, in Which Multiple Activities of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Are Highlighted
    DARE/ICARDARE/ICAR AnnualAnnual ReportReport 2001-20022001-2002 Department of Agricultural Research Indian Council of and Education Agricultural Research Ministry of Agriculture New Delhi Government of India Indian Council of Agricultural Research President Shri Nitish Kumar (Up to 22.7.2001) Minister of Agriculture Shri Ajit Singh (Since 23.7.2001) Minister of Agriculture Vice-President Dr Debendra Pradhan (Up to 1.9.2001) Minister of State (AH&D & DARE) Director-General Dr R S Paroda (Up to 14.8.2001) Secretary Department of Agricultural Research and Education Shri J N L Srivastava (15.8.2001 to 3.10.2001) Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture Dr Panjab Singh (Since 4.10.2001) Secretary Department of Agricultural Research and Education Secretary Smt Shashi Misra (Since 22.2.2001) Additional Secretary Department of Agricultural Research and Education Financial Adviser Shri R S Prasad (Up to 7.6.2001) Joint Secretary and FA Department of Agricultural Research and Education Shri P Sinha (Since 7.6.2001) Additional Secretary and FA Department of Agricultural Research and Education iii OVERVIEW Foreword The National Agricultural Research System (NARS) with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) as an apex body is striving for the holistic development of agriculture at the national level through planning, promoting, conducting and coordinating research, education and extension and training on all aspects of agriculture for ensuring optimal utilization of land, water and plant and animal genetic resources. India has achieved worldwide acclaim in the field of agricultural research, education and extension by achieving more than four-fold increase in foodgrains production besides significant increases in the milk, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables and fish production since independence.
    [Show full text]
  • Class 4 :Definition of Breed-Classification of Indigenous, Exotic Cattle and Buffaloes -Breed Characteristics of Sindhi, Kangaya
    Class 4 :Definition of breed-classification of indigenous, exotic cattle and buffaloes -Breed characteristics of Sindhi, Kangayam and Umblacherry, Jersey, Holstein Friesian, Murrah and Surti. Breed: Definition : Denotes and established group of animals / birds having the similar general body shape, colour, structure and characters which produced offspring with same characters I . Cattle - 1. Indigenous 2. Exotic Indigenous Breeds are classified under three groups based on utility / purpose. a. Milch - Example- Sindhi, Sahiwal, Gir and Deoni b. Dual - Example- Hariyana, Ongole, Tharparkar, Kankrej c. Draught – Example- Kangayam, Umblacherry, Amritmahal, Hallikar 2. Exotic – Milch – Jersey, Holstein Friesian Red Sindhi Also Known By: Malir (Baluchistan), Red Karachi, Sindhi The Red Sindhi originated in the Pakistani state of Sind but due to its hardiness, heat resistance and high milk yields they have spread into many parts of India and at least 33 countries in Asia, Africa, Oceania and the Americas. Under good management conditions the Red Sindhi averages over 1700 kg of milk after suckling their calves but under optimum conditions there have been milk yields of over 3400 kg per lactation. The average height of a Red Sindhi cow is 116 cm with a body weight of 340 kg. Bulls average 134 cm in height and a body weight of 420 kg. They are normally a deep, rich red color but this can vary from a yellowish brown to dark brown. Males are darker than females and when mature may be almost black on the extremities, such as the head, feet and tail. Red Sindhi in Australia Red Sindhi cattle arrived in Australia in 1954 from Pakistan, as a gift to the Australian Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 4 Milch Breeds
    UNIT 4 MILCH BREEDS Structure 4.0 Objectives 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Milch Breeds of Cattle Indigenous Milch and Dual-purpose Breed Exotic Dairy Cattle Breeds Synthetic Crossbred Cattle Strains Breed Improvement in Cattle 4.3 Milch Breeds of Buffaloes Breed Improvement in Buffaloes 4.4 Milch Breeds of Goats Indigenous Goat breeds Exotic Dairy Goat Breeds Breed Improvement in Goats 4.5 Let Us Sum Up 4.6 Key Words 4.7 Some Useful Books 4.8 Answers to check your Progress 4.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this unit, we shall be able to: enumerate the names of different milch breeds of cattle, buffalo and goat; state the distribution of these breeds in their respective home tracts; describe the physical characteristics of these breeds; performance of these breeds; specify the reproduction and production; and indicate the concept of breed improvement. 4.1 INTRODUCTION Cattle, buffalo and goats constituting 404.1 million population are three major domestic animal species, which contribute over 91.0 million tonnes milk in the country. The buffaloes contribute maximum (52%) to total milk production followed by cattle (45%) and goats (3%). There are large number of well descript breeds of cattle, buffalo and goats which are widely distributed under different agro-climatic regions. Besides these, there is large population of non-descript animals. A breed is a group of inter-breeding domestic animals of a species. It shows similarity among its individuals in certain distinguishable characteristics (colour, shape, size of body parts). The breeds have been developed as a result of selection and breeding based on the needs of mankind as well as adaptation to agro-climatic conditions of their native home tracts.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Certain Reproductive and Productive Performance Parameters
    The Pharma Innovation Journal 2020; 9(9): 270-274 ISSN (E): 2277- 7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.03 Study of certain reproductive and productive TPI 2020; 9(9): 270-274 © 2020 TPI performance parameters of malnad gidda cattle in its www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 21-06-2020 native tract Accepted: 07-08-2020 Murugeppa A Murugeppa A, Tandle MK, Shridhar NB, Prakash N, Sahadev A, Vijaya Associate Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Kumar Shettar, Nagaraja BN and Renukaradhya GJ Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Veterinary College, Shivamogga, Abstract Karnataka, India The study was conducted to establish baseline information pertaining to productive and reproductive performance of Malnad Gidda and its crossbred in Shivamogga District of Karnataka. The data from 286 Tandle MK animals reared by 98 farmers from Thirtahalli, Hosanagara and Sagara taluks of Shivamogga district Director of Instruction (PGS), Karnataka Veterinary Animal were collected through a structured questionnaire. The parameters such as age at puberty (25.15±0.29 and Fisheries University, Bidar, months); age at first calving (39.32±2.99 months); dry period (6.22±1.26 months); calving interval Karnataka, India (13.68±2.55 months); gestation period (282.14±9.03 days); service period (136.73±10.03 days); lactation length (258.22 ± 10.95 days); milk yield per day (3.69±0.32 kg); total milk yield (227.19±8.31 kg); days Shridhar NB to reach peak milk yield (46.19±0.51 day); birth weight of the new born calf (8.71±0.45 kg); time taken Professor and Head, Department for placental expulsion of placenta (4.63±0.39 hours); onset of postpartum estrous (77.64±1.98 days); of Veterinary Pharmacology and Duration of estrous period (15.25±1.67 hours); time of ovulation (15.15 ± 1.7 hours) and length of estrus Toxicology, Veterinary College cycle (22.63±2.96.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Genetic Resources Information Bulletin
    The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Les appellations employées dans cette publication et la présentation des données qui y figurent n’impliquent de la part de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites. Las denominaciones empleadas en esta publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los datos que contiene no implican de parte de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de países, territorios, ciudades o zonas, o de sus autoridades, ni respecto de la delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and the extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite, mise en mémoire dans un système de recherche documentaire ni transmise sous quelque forme ou par quelque procédé que ce soit: électronique, mécanique, par photocopie ou autre, sans autorisation préalable du détenteur des droits d’auteur.
    [Show full text]
  • GENETIC POLYMORPHISM of BOLA-DRB3.2 LOCUS in SAHIWAL CATTLE Dibyendu Chakraborty1, Avtar Singh2, M.S. Tantia3, Archana Verma4, A
    Animal Science Reporter, Volume 9, Issue 1, January, 2015 GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF BOLA-DRB3.2 LOCUS IN SAHIWAL CATTLE Dibyendu Chakraborty1, Avtar Singh2, M.S. Tantia3, Archana Verma4, A.K. Chakravarty5 ABSTRACT The DRB3.2 gene of bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) locus has received wide attention because of its polymorphism, and association with immunity and productivity in dairy cattle. The present study was conducted on polymorphism of BoLA-DRB3.2 gene of Sahiwal cattle, a premier dairy breed of India, to identify marker genes that can boost milk production, besides providing relief from economic losses incurred due to mastitis, a major endemic disease of dairy cattle. It is a nascent subject of research, and no study has been conducted in Sahiwal cattle so far. The polymorphic analysis of BoLA-DRB3 gene, based on 112 Sahiwal (Bos indicus) cattle of the NDRI farm, was investigated by hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The amplification of BoLA-DRB3 gene, revealed a 284 bp of PCR product, composed of 17 bp of 5 intron, and 267 bp of exon. The PCR products digested with Bst YI, Hae III, and Rsa I restriction endonuclease enzymes revealed 3 (a, b, e), 3 (a, b, e), and 14 (a, b, d, n, m, f, g, h, o, l, s, t, i, u) RFLP prototypes, respectively. DNA sequencing revealed 36 BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles, out of which, 12 alleles (*baa, *iaa, *ibe, *laa, *dba, *sba, *saa, *gba, *mbb, *mab, *fbb, *naa) were detected for the first time in cattle. Seven alleles (*02/*02, *08/*08, *10/*10, *23/*23, *mab/*mab, *dba/*dba, *gba/*gba) were homozygote, and the rest were heterozygote.
    [Show full text]
  • Bos Indicus) Breeds
    Animal Biotechnology ISSN: 1049-5398 (Print) 1532-2378 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/labt20 Complete mitogenome reveals genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships among Indian cattle (Bos indicus) breeds R. Kumar Pramod, Dinesh Velayutham, Sajesh P. K., Beena P. S., Anil Zachariah, Arun Zachariah, Chandramohan B., Sujith S. S., Ganapathi P., Bangarusamy Dhinoth Kumar, Sosamma Iype, Ravi Gupta, Sam Santhosh & George Thomas To cite this article: R. Kumar Pramod, Dinesh Velayutham, Sajesh P. K., Beena P. S., Anil Zachariah, Arun Zachariah, Chandramohan B., Sujith S. S., Ganapathi P., Bangarusamy Dhinoth Kumar, Sosamma Iype, Ravi Gupta, Sam Santhosh & George Thomas (2018): Complete mitogenome reveals genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships among Indian cattle (Bos indicus) breeds, Animal Biotechnology, DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1476376 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2018.1476376 View supplementary material Published online: 23 Jun 2018. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=labt20 ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2018.1476376 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Complete mitogenome reveals genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships among Indian cattle (Bos indicus) breeds R. Kumar Pramoda, Dinesh Velayuthama, Sajesh P. K.a, Beena P. S.a, Anil Zachariahb, Arun Zachariahc, Chandramohan B.d, Sujith S. S.a, Ganapathi P.e, Bangarusamy Dhinoth Kumara, Sosamma Iypeb, Ravi Guptaf, Sam Santhoshg and George Thomasg aAgriGenome Labs Pvt. Ltd., Smart City Kochi, India; bVechur Conservation Trust, Thrissur, India; cDepartment of Forest and Wildlife, Wayanad, Kerala, India; dNational Institute of Science Education and Research, Jatni, India; eBargur Cattle Research Station, Tamil Nadu Veterinary Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India; fMedgenome Labs Pvt.
    [Show full text]
  • Countering Purism: Confronting the Emergence of New Varieties in a Training Program for Community Language Workers
    Language Documentation and Description ISSN 1740-6234 ___________________________________________ This article appears in: Language Documentation and Description, vol 2. Editor: Peter K. Austin Countering purism: confronting the emergence of new varieties in a training program for community language workers MARGARET FLOREY Cite this article: Margaret Florey (2004). Countering purism: confronting the emergence of new varieties in a training program for community language workers. In Peter K. Austin (ed.) Language Documentation and Description, vol 2. London: SOAS. pp. 9-27 Link to this article: http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/017 This electronic version first published: July 2014 __________________________________________________ This article is published under a Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial). The licence permits users to use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article provided that the author is attributed as the original creator and that the reuse is restricted to non-commercial purposes i.e. research or educational use. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ______________________________________________________ EL Publishing For more EL Publishing articles and services: Website: http://www.elpublishing.org Terms of use: http://www.elpublishing.org/terms Submissions: http://www.elpublishing.org/submissions Countering purism: confronting the emergence of new varieties in a training program for community language workers Margaret Florey 1. Introduction Studies of language shift and language silence have reported extensive grammatical restructuring and the emergence of new varieties as knowledge and use of a language weakens among younger members of an language community. The ensuing high levels of variation between speakers can lead to a ‘language shift cycle’. The starting point for the cycle is the extensive variation which flourishes during rapid language shift.
    [Show full text]