Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(01): 1773-1779

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 01 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.207

Assessment of Haematological and Biochemical Changes in Postpartum Anoestrous Ongole Cattle of

M. Rama Goury1, B.V.S. Saikiran2, S.K.I. Vasantha2*, Nikhil Kumar Tej2 and C.H. Srinivasa Prasad2

1NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, A.P, 2Dept of Veterinary Physiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, A.P, India

*Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

The present study was aimed to assess the hemato-biochemical changes in postpartum anoestrous Ongole cattle. A total of 12 animals of same age and K e yw or ds body weight were randomly selected and divided in to two groups, G I: Hematology , postpartum anoestrous (PPA, n=6) and G II: cyclic animals (n=6). Blood Biochemical , samples were collected by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for Postpartum anoestrous (PPA); hematological parameters. Further, the serum was separated from another Ongole cattle aliquot of blood sample and utilized for biochemical parameters. The mean RBC, Hb, PCV, glucose, total protein and cholesterol values were Article Info significantly (p<0.05) lower in PPA compared to cyclic animals. In Accepted: 12 December 2020 contrast, no significant (p>0.05) difference was observed in MCV, MCH,

Available Online: MCHC, WBC, lymphocyte and monocytes between groups. From the 10 January 2021 present study, it was concluded that hematological and biochemical parameters are reliable indicators of postpartum anestrus.

Introduction (Kumar et al., 2015). However there are certain reproductive impediments that are The state of Andhra Pradesh is well known limiting the future prospects of the breed for the famous Ongole breed of cattle across (Malik et al., 2011). Among the various the world. Interest of cattle breeding factors reducing the reproductive efficiency, especially of Ongole breed has tremendously postpartum anestrous (PPA) is a vital increased in world especially in India due to anomaly. Many factors contributing the fundamental role played by them in much individually or in concert were recognized to climatically disadvantaged agricultural system be responsible for postpartum infertility and

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anestrous making it a complex phenomenon. Estimation of haematological and These factors include biochemical parameters mineral deficiencies, nutrients (khan et al., Blood samples were collected by jugular vein 2014), Feed quality, infection (Nishi et al., puncture from all the animals and used for 2018), season (Perera et al., 2011), body determination of various hematological condition, suckling (Montiel and Ahuja, variables such as red blood cell count (RBC), 2005), and parity (Pouilly et al., 1994), etc. total leucocyte count (TLC), differential There were reports of high incidence of leukocyte count (DLC) using standard anestrous associated with deficiencies of protocols (Schalm et al., 1975), Hb by using cholesterol (Kumar et al., 1991) glucose (Jani Drabkins method (Drabkin, 1994), packed et al., 1995) and total protein (Arosh et al., cell volume (PCV) by micro haematocrit 1998) etc. Haematological profiles also play a method, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), key role in diagnosis of certain reproductive mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean disorders. Lower haemoglobin (Hb) levels corpuscular hemoglobin concentration might influence the tissue oxygenation of (MCHC). Other aliquots of blood drawn in to reproductive tract and there by affect the the tubes with clot activators were allowed to cyclicity of the animal (Kumar et al., 1991). clot at ambient temperature for 20 to 30 On this background we hypothesize that the minutes and then subjected to centrifugation physiological status varies with reproductive at 3500 rpm for 10 minutes and serum was efficiency of the animal. The present study stored at -20 ºC. The serum was used for was designed to explore the changes in estimation of biochemical parameters such as hematological and biochemical parameters in glucose, total protein and cholesterol. The cyclic and PPA Ongole cattle. serum glucose was estimated by glucose oxidase (GOD/POD) method (Barham and Materials and Methods Trinder, 1972), total plasma proteins by Biuret method (Doumas et al., 1971), and Experimental animals cholesterol by phenol amino antipyrine method (Richmond, 1973). The average mean The present study was carried out at a local values of the two groups were compared farm in Tanuku, West Godavari (16° 45' using unpaired t-test (Snedecor and Cochran, 25.8264'' North latitude and 81° 40' 47.8632'' 1994). The whole data was analyzed using East Longitude), Andhra Pradesh. A total of computerized software programme SPSS 12 multiparous cows between 4-8 years and Ver.20.0. weighing between 250 to 500 kg were used in the experiment. The animals were divided in Results and Discussion to two groups based on herd record. The cows that had known anestrous for more than 120 Hematology and biochemical profiles are days were selected in PPA group (n=6) and commonly used as indicators of health status animals coming in estrus before 65 days of of the animals and for the diagnosis of various postpartum were selected in normal cyclic livestock diseases (Cetin et al., 2009). group (n=6) for the study. The experiment Postpartum anoestrous is one common was conducted in the month of March, 2020. disorder that negatively affects reproductive The animals were maintained as per the efficiency in cattle and buffaloes. As a standard feeding and management conditions general rule any deviation from normal practiced at the farms. physiology would reflect hematological and

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biochemical parameters. The existing research be indicators as these are secondary indices evidences an alteration in hemato- derived from the primary parameters. No biochemical profile in PPA animals. Thus a significant difference (p>0.05) was found detailed examination of hemato-biochemical between PPA and control group for WBC profile would help us understand the concentration, lymphocyte and monocyte pathophysiology of underlying disease/ percent (Table 1). The non-significant change disorder and adopt strategies for improvement in lymphocyte and monocyte count indicates of health and production. The mean RBC, that the body defence mechanism was not Hb,and PCV observed in the present study compromised and that the reproductive tract was significantly (p<0.05) lower in PPA is free from infections. group compared to control (Table 1). Similar findings were reported in Buffaloes where The serum glucose was significantly (p<0.05) RBC, Hb and PCV were significantly lower higher in control compared to PPA cows in PPA animals compared to cyclic animals (Table 2). The present findings were in (Ali et al., 2012; Kumar et al., 2015; Ghani et accordance with the report of Saikiran et al., al., 2017; Saikiran et al., 2020). The low Hb (2020) with low glucose values in PPA concentration in anestrous cows indicates buffaloes. Singh et al., (2007) observed that long term protein deficiency which influences plasma glucose was not a metabolic regulator tissue oxygenation of the reproductive tract responsible for initiation of ovarian cyclicity. and reflects as irregular cyclicity However, the hypoglycemic state would (Ramakrishna, 1997). Also, lower Hb in reduce the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian blood is responsible for reduced oxygen axis signal transmission leading to anestrus transport to the vital tissues, that causes condition. Significantly lower glucose in PPA reduced oxidation of nutrients, as a result of might be attributed to lactation stress where which the entire cellular metabolism in there is increased glucose utilization for milk gonadal cells is affected (Swenson and Reece, production (Saikiran et al., 2020). The total 1993). A decreased PCV generally means red protein concentration in control animals was blood cell loss from any variety of reasons found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher than like cell destruction, blood loss, and failure of PPA group (Table 2). Our results were in bone marrow production. An increased PCV accordance with Vohra et al., (1995), Tandle generally indicates dehydration or an et al., (1997), Arosh et al., (1998), Kavani et abnormal increase in red blood cell al., (2005), Modi et al., (2017), whereas production (Kalsotra et al., 2016). Lower Hb Singh et al., (2007) and Kumar et al., (2009) and PCV are indicative of anemia in anestrous found contradictory results that the normal cows. Although the importance of Hb has not cyclic animals had a significantly lower been directly implicated in disorders of concentration of serum total protein as reproduction, but still decrease in Hb value is compared to anoestrus cows. The variation indicative of certain systemic disorders which could be due to differences in breeds, indirectly might affect the reproductive environment and level of nutrition (Ahmed et organs functioning. In the present study, both al., 2004). Low levels of total proteins might the Hb and PCV were lower in anestrous cause deficiency of certain amino acids cows which may be attributed to above required for gonadotropins synthesis (Vohra mentioned reasons. No significant difference et al., 1995). In the present study deficiency (p>0.05) was found between PPA and control of total proteins might have affected the group for MCV, MCH, and MCHC (Table 1) biosynthesis of gonadotropins and gonadal and these hematological parameters might not hormones in acyclic cows. The serum total

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cholesterol was significantly (p<0.05) higher levels were negatively associated with in control compared to PPA cows (Table 2). gonadal steroidogenesis in cattle (Ghani et al., Our results were in agreement to 2017). As the cholesterol is the precursor of Jayachandran et al., (2013) and Saikiran et sex steroids, estradiol and progesterone, the al., (2020) who reported significantly higher low cholesterol concentration would plasma cholesterol in cyclic than anoestrus negatively affect the ovarian activity and may bovines. The changes in plasma cholesterol induce PPA in animals.

Table.1 Mean±SE values of hematogical parameters in control and PPA Ongole cows (n=6)

SNO PARAMETER CONTROL(N=6) PPA(N=6) 1 RBC (×1012/L) 6.96a±0.36 4.67b±0.26 2 HGB (g/dl) 11.18a±0.86 7.95b±0.14 3 HCT (%) 31.92a±0.71 23.35a±0.49 4 MCV (fl) 46.27a±1.81 50.54a±1.86 5 MCH (pg) 16.01a±0.71 17.35a±1.19 6 MCHC (g/dl) 35.00a±0.24 34.1a±0.11 7 WBC (×109/L) 7.57a±0.85 7.13a±0.29 8 LYMPOCYTE (×109/L) 4.50a±0.47 5.70a±0.32 9 MONOCYTE (×109/L) 0.57a±0.15 0.52a±0.09 Means with different superscript (a,b) differ significantly (P<0.05)

Table.2 Mean±SE values of biochemical parameters in control and PPA Ongole cows (n=6) SNO PARAMETER CONTROL(N=6) PPA(N=6) 1 GLUCOSE (mg/dl) 63.59a±1.74 50.14b±1.04 2 TOTAL PROTEIN (g/dl) 7.93a±0.05 6.00b±0.14 3 CHOLESTEROL (mg/dl) 153.87a±3.44 97.80b±9.30 Means with different superscript (a,b) differ significantly (P<0.05)

In conclusion, anestrous is one of the protein and cholesterol is indicative of lack of commonly occurring impaired reproductive precursors for protein and steroid hormone condition. It is therefore important to synthesis. Hence, it may be concluded that understand the physiological status through PPA significantly reflects marked changes hemato-biochemical parameters estimation hemato-biochemical parameters. These which could help us to adopt strategies for changes could be used as markers of PPA. improvement of reproductive function. From Since PPA is associated with production and the present study, we observed significantly, income, addressing this issue is of paramount lower RBC, Hb, PCV, glucose, total protein importance. Thus early diagnosis by complete and cholesterol, in PPA compared to control hemato-biochemical and hormonal assay animals. Low RBC, Hb and PCV is would help us to identify PPA animal in suggestive of reduced oxygen delivery to advance and adopt strategies to improve the reproductive tissues. Low glucose is reproductive efficiency. suggestive of hypoglycemia and lowered total

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How to cite this article:

Rama Goury, M., B.V.S. Saikiran, S.K.I. Vasantha, Nikhil Kumar Tej and Srinivasa Prasad, C.H. 2021. Assessment of Haematological and Biochemical Changes in Postpartum Anoestrous Ongole Cattle of Andhra Pradesh. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 10(01): 1773-1779. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.207

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