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Middle East-Mediterranean Report, 11Th Issue Middle East Mediterranean An ELIAMEP Report January-March 2014 1/3 The Greek Community of Tunisia New Tunisia Konstantinos Passalis _________ Bilateral Democratizing a society and Economic boosting relations with Greece Relations Evangelos Venetis Elections in Tunisia: Optimism and Reserved Stance George Tzogopoulos Women’s Rights in Tunisia and Egypt Monitoring Cleopatra Youssef the Middle East © 2014 ELIAMEP Middle East Mediterranean Editorial Team _______________ Evangelos Venetis, Editor in Chief, The Middle East Research Project, ELIAMEP Evangelos Tembos, Research Associate, ELIAMEP George Tzogopoulos, Web Editor Bodossakis Post-Doctoral Fellow at ELIAMEP Thanos Dokos, Senior Advisor , Director-General, ELIAMEP Editorial Office _______________ Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy - ELIAMEP 49, Vas. Sofias str., Athens, 10676, Greece T.: (+30) 210 7257110 Email: [email protected] ; [email protected] Middle East Mediterranean (MEM) is an unbiased bimonthly report of the ELIAMEP Middle East Research Project , focusing largely on geopolitical and economic developments, debates as well as policies, affecting the future of the Middle East. Having a global outlook MEM hosts analyses, commentaries, interviews and news, conducting research in the fields of politics, economics and culture in the Middle East and adjacent areas, such as the Eastern Mediterranean. NOTICE: The views expressed in the articles of the Middle East Mediterranean do not reflect the point of view of the Hellenic Institute for European and Foreign Policy and the Editorial Team. ELIAMEP Middle East Mediterranean 1/3 | January-March 2014 2 CONTENTS Analyses Editor’s Note 4 Elections in Tunisia: Optimism and Reserved Stance Dr. George Tzogopoulos 5 In the next months, the international media will possibly be able to conclude whether Tunisia can be regarded as the single success story in North Africa. Women’s Rights in Tunisia and Egypt 7 Ms. Cleopatra Youssef A historical re-ordering of Tunisia and Egypt is on the making on a multiple level involving economic, political, social and cultural dimensions. Yet, despite the sporadic reforms, it is uncertain whether the gains of the recent past will be maintained in the future. Comments Economic Relations Between Tunisia and Greece 10 Dr. Evangelos Venetis Sharing common interests in the Mediterranean Sea Tunisia and Greece can become active partners in every economic field of trade, investments, scientific and technological cooperation and others. The Greek Community of Tunisia 12 Konstantinos Passalis The Greek Community of modern Tunisia is a facilitator of bilateral cultural relations. The importance of the Greek community of Tunisia lies in the fact that it can contribute to democracy and pluralism of the Tunisian society. Monitoring the Middle East A selection of news and comments on major developments in the region. 14 ELIAMEP Middle East Mediterranean 1/3 | January-March 2014 3 Editor’s Note Like an avalanche the Arab Spring exerted major political influence on the political future of the Arab world. Tunisia’s share in this process is considerable given that it was the starting point of the Arab Spring. Given the strategic geographical location and political significance of Tunisia, it has a key regional role in promoting the message of democracy and social pluralism. The new constitution has laid the foundations for the formation of a modern, secular and democratic society. This society has many challenges to face, challenges which are mainly traced in the field of tradition and stereotyped concepts of the major part of the population. In light of the above the bilateral relations between Tunisia and Greece acquire a special role in every field: political, economic and cultural. The current issue of the Middle East Mediterranean focuses on those aspects related to Tunisia and Greece that are expected to have a strong impact on future bilateral and regional developments. MEM ELIAMEP Middle East Mediterranean 1/3 | January-March 2014 4 George Tzogopoulos, Elections in Tunisia Analyses Elections in Tunisia: Optimism and Reserved Stance Dr. George Tzogopoulos, Post-doctoral fellow, ELIAMEP In the next months, the international media will be possibly able to conclude whether Tunisia can be regarded as the single success story in North Africa. The organization of elections in law. The 2014 election to be countries where the so-called ‘Arab organized in Tunisia has been also of Spring’ started, is an issue of interest interest for Chinese media. Xinhua for international media. That is news agency has reported on the because democracy can theoretically matter closely monitoring emerge and be established in a developments. Participants in the geographical area which had Tunisian national dialogue recently experienced authoritarianism for agreed on holding presidential and decades. In that regard, Tunisia parliamentary elections on separate could not be an exception. dates. Al Jazeera argues Significant progress has already been subsequently that ‘oil-poor Tunisia is made in preparing for the next emerging as the region’s first elections indeed. Ennahda, which genuine democracy’. It also adds that had led a coalition government since ‘this will be an enriching process in the 2011 elections, handed over civic, social, cultural, political and power to caretaker Prime Minister economic terms.’ Mehdi Jomaa at the start of the year. Nevertheless, the attention of This followed the approval of a new the media is also turned towards constitution, under an agreement to problems that might occur as well as end a political crisis triggered by the towards obstacles of the assassination of two opposition democratization process. The New leaders. York Times , for instance, explains Reuters puts emphasis on the that ‘the true test for Tunisia is still fact that Tunisia’s presidential and to come’. Within this context, parliamentary elections will go ahead American newspapers such as The as planned later this year despite Wall Street Journal have focused on delays in approving a new election encouragement by US politicians to ELIAMEP Middle East Mediterranean 4/2 | September– December 2013 5 George Tzogopoulos , Elections in Tunisia Tunisian authorities to stay on the international media to keep a democratic path. In particular, reserved stance is understandable. Washington has urged the They are highly influenced not only government in Tunis to arrest and by the political experience in Tunisia prosecute those responsible for from 2011 until 2013 but also by terrorist attacks which targeted the developments in other countries of US embassy and the American North Africa such as Egypt and school. Libya. The good news for Tunisia – Associated Press interviewed as the BBC explains – is that Mehdi Jomaa who considered the although Tunisian democracy faces security situation in his country as challenges, the robustness of the being under control. In his view, the country’s civil institutions means country is only looking forward to that it is better placed than in other new elections by the end of the year, countries to resist them. In the next after a transition that has been months, the international media will marked by terrorist attacks, political be possibly able to conclude whether assassinations and widespread social Tunisia can be regarded as the single unrest. But the choice of success story in North Africa. ELIAMEP Middle East Mediterranean 1/3 | January-March 2014 6 Kleopatra Youssef, Women’s Rights in Tunisia and Egypt Women’s Rights in Tunisia and Egypt Before and After the Revolutions Kleopatra Youssef, Research Associate, Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy - ELIAMEP A historical re-ordering of Tunisia and Egypt is on the making on a multiple level involving economic, political, social and cultural dimensions. Yet, despite the sporadic reforms, it is uncertain whether the gains of the recent past will be maintained in the future. Since its independence in 1956, objective to eliminate gender Tunisia paid great attention to inequalities. Accordingly, women’s women's rights often taking organisations were drawn into the measures that were ahead of society. corporatist structures of the state In this vein, one has to single out the which did not allow for the maturity salience of the political presence of a of independent women’s activism. particular person: President H. Egypt’s history of women’s Bourghiba. A secular reformist, rights was similar to that of Tunisia. Bourguiba contested the traditional Like Bourguiba, President status of women in the Islamic G.A.Nasser introduced progressive world. In Tunisia, women acquired reforms to the Personal Status Law some of the most advanced legal concerning women. Other similar rights in the Arab world both in the reforms followed under President public and private sphere. Mubarak in whose presidency Specifically, in 1956 the government women’s legal rights (legal adopted the Personal Status Code, guarantees in case of divorce and which established free compulsory child custody) were introduced in education, abolished polygamy and relation to national development established women’s equality in programmes and international marriage, child custody and divorce. funding. Independent women’s It is one of the few countries where organisations were allowed to marriage is based on consent and operate in the country but their abortion is legal. Still, these reforms activity was under the regime’s were imposed in a top-down scheme constant control. It
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