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English Pronunciation & Accents

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English Pronunciation & Accents Contents English Pronunciation & Accents Geo-social Applications of the Natural Phonetics &Tonetics Method- Section l. International, American & British pronunciations 13 0. A general introduction 14 The meaning of'International English' 15 Sociophonics 16 Wells' 'standard lexical sets' for vowels 17 The Natural Phonetics approach and the Diaphoneme 18 Different symbols found in dictionaries and textbooks 21 Pronunciation & phonetics 23 The phonetic method 31 In the way of an envoi Part 1. Vowels 32 1. On vowels & vocoids — A necessary introduction 36 2. The length of the English vowels and diphthongs 39 3- The vowels & diphthongs of International English 43 4- The native-like accent of International English 47 5- The vowels of the three neutral accents 53 6. The American monophthongs 59 7- The British monophthongs 63 8. The socio-diaphoneme /a/ 66 9- The other vowel diaphonemes 71 10. The diphthongs of the three neutral accents 75 11. The British centering diphthongs and triphthongs 80 12. Hyper-precise speech Part 2. Consonants 82 !3- On consonants & contoids 85 14- Phonation types & positions of the glottis 88 15- The consonants of English 9i 16. Nasals 97 17- Stops 101 18. Flapped t (not only American) http://d-nb.info/1066389470 6 Contents - English Pronunciation & Accents 105 *9- Stop unexplosion 108 20. The laryngeal stop 111 21. British glottalization 114 22. Lenitions 117 23. Stop-strictives (or affricates') 121 24. Constrictives (or 'fricatives') 126 25- Approximants 130 26. The 'whole truth' on English r 134 27- Laterals Part 3. Microstructures 139 28. Non-systematic differences for some words 143 29. Unstressed syllables 147 30. Reduced forms 157 3i- Everyday-speech simplifications 164 32- American dissimilation of r 166 33- Some morphonological remarks 168 34- Stress (or word stress) 171 Stress shift 177 35- Sentence stress 180 Idiomatic stress Part 4. Macrostructures 192 36. Prominence, rhythm, and pauses 195 37- Pitch, rate, and phono-texts 197 38. A first approach to intonation 201 39- A second step towards intonation 204 40. On protunes & tunes 210 41. The intonation of the three neutral accents 213 42. Questions 218 43- Tune modifications 223 44- Parentheses, quotations, & calls 225 45- Considerations on communicative 'roles' 230 46. Considerations on intonation Part 5. Superstructures 232 47- Paraphonics 234 48. Paraphonic use of pitch 236 49- Other paraphonic elements Part 6. Transcribed texts 239 50. Conversations 244 5i- Literary texts 250 52- The sample text: International, American & British neutral pronunciations Part 7. Mediatic accents 254 53- About 'mediatic' accents 256 54- Mediatic American pronunciation (or 'General American') 265 55- Mediatic British pronunciation (or 'Estuary English') Part 8. Supplementary accents 275 56. Traditional British-English pronunciation 277 57- Affected British-English pronunciation 279 58. American pronunciation in black-and-white 'talkies' Contents 7 Section 2. Territorial Accents Part 0. North America: Canada 281 59- A brief introduction to the territorial accents 284 60. Neutral Canadian pronunciation 286 61. Mediatic Canadian pronunciation 288 62. Six subvarieties (& maps) 293 63. Maritime Provinces 295 64. Newfoundland 297 65. Quebec: Germanic French-Canadian English 298 66. Quebec: Romance French-Canadian English Part 10. North America: The West 299 67. A brief introduction to North America and the West (& maps) 303 68. North West (Seattle &<c) 305 69. Coastal West (Los Angeles 6<c) 307 70. Central West (Denver &c) 309 7i- South West (Phoenix &c) 310 72- Southwest Texas 312 73- Chicano English Part 11 North America: The North 3i4 74- A brief introduction to the North (& map) 3*5 75- Far North (Duluth &f) 317 76. Middle North (Minneapolis &<c) 318 77- Metropolitan North (Chicago &c) 321 78. Western New England (Albany 6<c) 323 79- Northeastern Pennsylvania (Scranton) Part 12. North America: The East 325 80. A brief introduction to the East (& maps) 327 81. Eastern New England ('Down East': Maine & New Hampshire) 329 82. Massachusetts (Boston) 332 83. Rhode Island (Providence) 334 84. New York City l. The typical accent (with social differences) 340 85. New York City 2. Ethnic characteristics: Irish, Italian, Puerto Rican, Black, Jewish 344 86. Yiddish English (with London differences) Part 13. North America: The Midland 346 87. A brief introduction to the Midland (& maps) 348 88. The Midland (proper) 349 89. Rural Midland (& variants) 352 90. Ohio (Cincinnati) 354 9i- Missouri/Illinois (St Louis) 356 92. Eastern Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) 359 93- Maryland (Baltimore) 360 94- Pennsylvania German ('Pennsylvania Dutch') 361 95- Western Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh) 363 96. Northwestern Pennsylvania (Erie) Part 14. North-America: The South 1. Better-known accents 364 97- A brief introduction to the South (& map) 367 98. The South (proper) 8 Contents — English Pronunciation & Accents 378 99- Florida 380 100. Georgia (Atlanta) 381 101. Alabama (Birmingham) 382 102. 'Mountain South' (Appalachia & Ozarks) 384 103. Texas (proper) 387 104. Central Texas (Dallas) 388 105. Southeastern Texas (Houston) 389 106. Black American English (not only in the South) Part 15. North America: The South 2. Lesser-known accents 396 107. Delmarva Peninsula (& Chesapeake Bay Islands) 399 108. Virginia Tidewater (Norfolk) 401 109. Virginia Piedmont (Richmond) 403 110. Outer Banks of North Carolina (Ocracoke) 405 111. South Carolina (Charleston) 407 112. Northcentral Florida (Dixie County) 408 113. Southeastern Florida (Miami) Germanic & Romance accents 411 114. Southern Louisiana 1 (New Orleans) 412 115. Southern Louisiana 2 (Cajun English) Part 16. North America: Native Americans 413 116. A brief introduction to Native-American accents (& map) 415 117. Eskimo (Alaska) 416 118. Salish (Northwestern US/Southwestern Canada) 417 119. Sioux (Northcentral US) 418 120. Mohawk (Northeastern US) 419 121. Malesit (Eastern Canada) 420 122. Lenape/Delaware (Eastern US) 421 123. Gullah (Eastern US) 423 124. Choctaw (Southern US) 424 125. Cherokee (Southern US) 425 126. Chickasaw (Southern US) 426 127. Kiowa (Southcentral US) 427 128. Apache & Navaho (Southwestern US) Part 17. The British Isles: The Southeast of England 428 129. A brief introduction to the British Isles (& maps) 434 130. London (or Cockney proper) 439 131. London & beyond (& maps) 441 132. Essex (Southend) 442 133. Kent (Dover) 444 134. Surrey (Guildford) 445 135- Sussex (Brighton) 446 136. Berkshire (Reading) 448 137- Hampshire (Southampton) 450 138. Oxfordshire (Oxford) 45i 139. Buckinghamshire (Milton Keynes) 452 140. Bedfordshire (Luton) 453 141. Northamptonshire (Northampton) 455 142. Cambridgeshire 1 (Peterborough) 456 143- Cambridgeshire 2 (Cambridge) 457 144. Suffolk (Ipswich) 458 145- Norfolk (Norwich) 462 146. The Channel Islands Contents 9 Part 18. The British Isles: The Southwest of England (or 'West Country') 464 47- Bristol (& far beyond) 469 48. Dorset (Weymouth) 470 49- Devon (Plymouth) 47i 50. Cornwall (Truro) Part 19 The British Isles: The Midlands (of England) 474 5i- West Midlands (Birmingham, 'Brummie') 478 52. Warwickshire (Stratford-on-Avon) 479 53- Leicestershire & Nottinghamshire (Leicester & Nottingham) 481 54- Lincolnshire (Lincoln) Part 20 The British Isles: The North of England (or 'Middle North') 482 55- A brief introduction to the 'North' 484 56. West & South Yorkshire (Leeds & Sheffield) 486 57- East Riding of Yorkshire (Hull) 487 58. North Yorkshire (York) 490 59- Greater Manchester (Manchester) 49 2 60. Staffordshire (Stoke-on-Trent) 493 61. Merseyside (Liverpool, 'Scouse') 496 62. Lancashire (Blackpool) 498 63. Cumbria (Carlisle) 500 64. Isle of Man (in the Irish Sea) Part 21 The British Isles: The Northeast of England (or 'Far North') 502 65. Tyne & Wear (Newcastle, 'Geordie') 505 66. Northumberland (Alnwick) 507 67. Durham (Durham) 508 68. Middlesbrough Part 22 The British Isles: The Celtic Peoples 509 69. A brief introduction to the Celtic accents (& map) 512 70. Wales (& map) 520 7i- Southeast Wales (Cardiff) 523 72- A brief introduction to the Scottish accents (& map) 529 73- A typical Scottish-English accent 533 74- Milder & broader variants 535 75- Sociophonic comparisons 536 76. Refined accents 538 77- Local variants 542 78. The Shetlands & the Orkneys 544 79- The Hebrides (& the Highlands) 546 80. A brief introduction to the Irish accents (& maps) 549 81. Eastern Eire (& Dublin) 556 82. Southern & Western Eire 559 83. Ulster English (& map) 562 84. Northern Ireland: Ulster (Belfast) 568 85. Sociophonic comparisons 570 86. Refined & southern Ulster-English variants 572 87. Ulster-Scots English Part 23 Australia & New Zealand 574 88. A brief introduction to the 'Aussie & Kiwi' accents (& map) 575 89. The neutral (or 'cultivated') Australian accent io Contents - English Pronunciation & Accents 577 190. The mediatic (or 'current', or 'general') Australian accent 579 191. The broad (or'ordinary') Australian accent 581 192. The affected (or 'modified') Australian accent 582 193. Western Australia (Perth) 584 194. South Australia (Adelaide) 585 195. Victoria (Melbourne) 586 196. Tasmania (Hobart) 587 197. New South Wales (Sydney) 589 198. Queensland (Brisbane) 591 199. Aboriginal English (not only in the Northern Territory) 592 200. Neutral, mediatic, broad New-Zealand accents 596 201. Maori-English pronunciation Part 24. South Africa 598 202. A brief linguistic introduction to South Africa (& map) 600 203. Neutral (or 'cultivated') South-African accent 602 204. Mediatic (or 'current') South-African
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