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Central and Eastern Europe Development Outlook After the Coronavirus Pandemic
CHINA-CEE INSTITUTE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE DEVELOPMENT OUTLOOK AFTER THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC Editor in Chief: Dr. Chen Xin Published by: China-CEE Institute Nonprofit Ltd. Telephone: +36-1-5858-690 E-mail: [email protected] Webpage: www.china-cee.eu Address: 1052, Budapest, Petőfi Sándor utca 11. Chief Editor: Dr. Chen Xin ISSN: 978-615-6124-29-6 Cover design: PONT co.lab Copyright: China-CEE Institute Nonprofit Ltd. The reproduction of the study or parts of the study are prohibited. The findings of the study may only be cited if the source is acknowledged. Central and Eastern Europe Development Outlook after the Coronavirus Pandemic Chief Editor: Dr. Chen Xin CHINA-CEE INSTITUTE Budapest, October 2020 Content Preface ............................................................................................................ 5 Part I POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OUTLOOK ..................................... 7 Albanian politics in post-pandemic era: reshuffling influence and preparing for the next elections .............................................................................................. 8 BiH political outlook after the COVID-19 pandemic ...................................... 13 Bulgarian Political Development Outlook in Post-Pandemic Era ..................... 18 Forecast of Croatian Political Events after the COVID-19 .............................. 25 Czech Political Outlook for the Post-Crisis Period .......................................... 30 Estonian political outlook after the pandemic: Are we there yet? ................... -
Deputy TABLE of CONT",Ci;NTS
iU~ CRIlviES and CRIlvIES i~Gi..INST HUlv1:~rITY l'..ffiT VI GEID~ll'JIS.""TION OF OCCUPIED TSRRITORIES l'repared by: 1st LT. ED:l.,'UtD H. KENYON I'R1i:.SElJTED BY SECTION IT H..JillY ~l. HOLLERS. Colonel. J •.u .•G.D. Chief'of S·.. ction iiILLL' ,~ F. ~£t:.LSH. Major, ...... C., Deputy TABLE OF CONT",ci;NTS Pa(_;e No. A. Suction of Indictr,lCnt 1 1 C. St~tmJent of Evidence 1. Leb~nsrallin as the Goal of Nazi Forei~n 2 Policy. 2. CO:lsi)iracy to COil4.Uer and Geroanise 2 ForeiGn Territories. 3. The Office of Reich Commissioner for 5 the Consolidation of Jerman Nationhood. 4. DCJ.sic T:'_eories and Plans of the Reich 7 CQj".::issioner for the Consolidation of G-:)l'r:an NLtionhood. 5. Gcr:'lunisation of the Incorl')orated 8 E~stern Territories. 6. Gcrr-l£;ilisation of the Gov9rnment 12 General. 7. GU1~lanisation of the Occupied Eastern 16 Territories. 8. Evacuation and R~sett10ment in the 18 Eusturn Territories. 9. Gorl::f:iiisc.tion of the :18~tern Terri- 21 tories. D. ,,-"r:.:,unent and. Conclusion. 25 1. N~erical List of Doc~~ents. 26 2. Ducuo,lents pertaining to Individual 30 Defendants. 3. Documents pertaining to Organizations. 30 i Section of I~dictBent COUNT TEREE - ii..J\ CRIMES VIII.J - Geruanisation of Occupied Territories Pace 24 B. Le~cl Ruf~rence5 1. C;iarter - oI.4r'ticle 6 (b): W,j..".lR CRTIvIES: nanelyI violations of the laws or customs of war. Such viol~tions shall include, but not be limited to, murder, ill-treatment or deportation to slave labor or for any other pur pose of civilian population of or in occupied territory, murder or ill-treatment of prisoners of war or persons on the seas, killing of hos tages, plunder of public or private property, wanton destruction of cities, to~ms or villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity." 2. -
Interdental Fricatives in Cajun English
Language Variation and Change, 10 (1998), 245-261. Printed in the U.S.A. © 1999 Cambridge University Press 0954-3945/99 $9.50 Let's tink about dat: Interdental fricatives in Cajun English SYLVIE DUBOIS Louisiana State University BARBARA M. HORVATH University of Sydney ABSTRACT The English of bilingual Cajuns living in southern Louisiana has been pejoratively depicted as an accented English; foremost among the stereotypes of Cajun English is the use of tink and dat for think and that. We present a variationist study of/9/ and /d/ in the speech of bilingual Cajuns in St. Landry Parish. The results show a complex interrelationship of age, gender, and social network. One of the major findings is a v-shaped age pattern rather than the regular generational model that is expected. The older generation use more of the dental variants [t,d] than all others, the middle-aged dramatically decrease their use, but the young show a level of usage closer to the old generation. The change is attributed to both language attri- tion and the blossoming of the Cajun cultural renaissance. Interestingly, neither young men in open networks nor women of all ages in open networks follow the v-shaped age pattern. In addition, they show opposite directions of change: men in open networks lead the change to [d], whereas women in open networks drop the dental variants of [t,d] almost entirely. The variety of English spoken by people of Acadian descent (called Cajuns) in southern Louisiana has been the subject of pejorative comment for a long time. -
Sign Language Endangerment and Linguistic Diversity Ben Braithwaite
RESEARCH REPORT Sign language endangerment and linguistic diversity Ben Braithwaite University of the West Indies at St. Augustine It has become increasingly clear that current threats to global linguistic diversity are not re - stricted to the loss of spoken languages. Signed languages are vulnerable to familiar patterns of language shift and the global spread of a few influential languages. But the ecologies of signed languages are also affected by genetics, social attitudes toward deafness, educational and public health policies, and a widespread modality chauvinism that views spoken languages as inherently superior or more desirable. This research report reviews what is known about sign language vi - tality and endangerment globally, and considers the responses from communities, governments, and linguists. It is striking how little attention has been paid to sign language vitality, endangerment, and re - vitalization, even as research on signed languages has occupied an increasingly prominent posi - tion in linguistic theory. It is time for linguists from a broader range of backgrounds to consider the causes, consequences, and appropriate responses to current threats to sign language diversity. In doing so, we must articulate more clearly the value of this diversity to the field of linguistics and the responsibilities the field has toward preserving it.* Keywords : language endangerment, language vitality, language documentation, signed languages 1. Introduction. Concerns about sign language endangerment are not new. Almost immediately after the invention of film, the US National Association of the Deaf began producing films to capture American Sign Language (ASL), motivated by a fear within the deaf community that their language was endangered (Schuchman 2004). -
The Emergence of Multicultural London English
Contact, the feature pool and the speech community: The emergence of Multicultural London English Jenny Cheshire School of Languages Linguistics and Film Queen Mary, University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS [email protected] fax +44 (0)20 8980 5400 tel. +44 (0)20 7882 8293 Paul Kerswill Department of Linguistics and English Language Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YL United Kingdom [email protected] fax +44 1524 843085 tel. +44 1524 594577 Susan Fox School of Languages Linguistics and Film Queen Mary, University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS [email protected] fax +44 (0)20 8980 5400 tel.+44 (0)20 7882 7579 Eivind Nessa Torgersen Sør-Trøndelag University College 7004 Trondheim Norway [email protected] fax +47 73559851 tel. +47 73559790 Page 1 of 64 Contact, the feature pool and the speech community: The emergence of Multicultural London English Abstract In Northern Europe’s major cities, new varieties of the host languages are emerging in the multilingual inner cities. While some analyse these ‘multiethnolects’ as youth styles, we take a variationist approach to an emerging ‘Multicultural London English’ (MLE), asking: (1) what features characterise MLE? (2) at what age(s) are they acquired? (3) is MLE vernacularised ? (4) when did MLE emerge, and what factors enabled its emergence? We argue that innovations in the diphthongs and the quotative system are generated from the specific sociolinguistics of inner-city London, where at least half the population is undergoing group second-language acquisition and where high linguistic diversity leads to a feature pool to select from. -
Recommended Educational Practices for Standard English Learners
Recommended Educational Practices for Standard English Learners Cheryl Wilkinson, Jeremy Miciak, Celeste Alexander, Pedro Reyes, Jessica Brown, and Matt Giani The University of Texas at Austin: Texas Education Research Center January 31, 2011 T HE U NIVERSITY OF T E X A S A T A USTIN i Recommended Practices for SELs CREDITS The Texas Education Research Center is located at The University of Texas at Austin. The Texas ERC is an independent, non-partisan, and non-profit organization focused on generating data-based solutions for Texas education and workforce demands. The goal of the Texas ERC is to supply policymakers, opinion leaders, the media, and the general public with academically sound research surrounding today's critical education issues. Texas Education Research Center The University of Texas at Austin Department of Educational Administration, SZB 310 Austin, TX 78712 Phone: (512) 471-4528 Fax: (512) 471-5975 Website: www.utaustinERC.org Contributing Authors Cheryl Wilkinson, Jeremy Miciak, Celeste Alexander, Pedro Reyes, Jay Brown, Matt Giani, Carolyn Adger, and Jeffery Reaser Prepared for Texas Education Agency 1701 North Congress Avenue Austin, Texas 78701‐1494 Phone: 512‐463‐9734 Funded by The evaluation is funded through General Appropriations Act (GAA), Senate Bill No. 1, Rider 42 (81st Texas Legislature, Regular Session, 2009), via Texas Education Agency Contract No: 2501. ii Recommended Practices for SELs COPYRIGHT NOTICE Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © as the property of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and may not be reproduced without the express written permission of TEA, except under the following conditions: 1. Texas public school districts, charter schools, and Education Service Centers may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts‘ and schools‘ educational use without obtaining permission from TEA. -
Pagan Survivals, Superstitions and Popular Cultures in Early Medieval Pastoral Literature
Bernadette Filotas PAGAN SURVIVALS, SUPERSTITIONS AND POPULAR CULTURES IN EARLY MEDIEVAL PASTORAL LITERATURE Is medieval pastoral literature an accurate reflection of actual beliefs and practices in the early medieval West or simply of literary conventions in- herited by clerical writers? How and to what extent did Christianity and traditional pre-Christian beliefs and practices come into conflict, influence each other, and merge in popular culture? This comprehensive study examines early medieval popular culture as it appears in ecclesiastical and secular law, sermons, penitentials and other pastoral works – a selective, skewed, but still illuminating record of the be- liefs and practices of ordinary Christians. Concentrating on the five cen- turies from c. 500 to c. 1000, Pagan Survivals, Superstitions and Popular Cultures in Early Medieval Pastoral Literature presents the evidence for folk religious beliefs and piety, attitudes to nature and death, festivals, magic, drinking and alimentary customs. As such it provides a precious glimpse of the mu- tual adaptation of Christianity and traditional cultures at an important period of cultural and religious transition. Studies and Texts 151 Pagan Survivals, Superstitions and Popular Cultures in Early Medieval Pastoral Literature by Bernadette Filotas Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Aid to Scholarly Publications Programme, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION Filotas, Bernadette, 1941- Pagan survivals, superstitions and popular cultures in early medieval pastoral literature / by Bernadette Filotas. -
German and Jewish Memories of Bukovina After the Second World War
GAËLLE FISHER Same Space, Different Stories: German and Jewish memories of Bukovina after the Second World War Gaëlle Fisher University College London Abstract This article explores the themes of unity and disunity with regard to German and Jewish memories of Bukovina after the Second World War. Although one often reads in the literature that Bukovina was home to a large number of minorities, notably Jews and Germans, who lived together peacefully and harmoniously, I demonstrate the extent to which this ‘unity’ was challenged by the violent experience of the war and the Holocaust. I show that despite similar means and modes of commemoration and references to the same place and time, the stories told by German and Jews about the region were very different. Looking at the features of post-war approaches to Bukovina among Jews and Germans, I argue the ‘disunity’ results from both different experiences and different conceptions of Germanness. I conclude with some thoughts on Bukovina as a physical and memorial landscape in the present and the future. Keywords: Bukovina; German-speakers; Germanness; memory; displacement Sharing Space: Germans and Jews in Bukovina The historical region of Bukovina (1775-1918), the easternmost province of the Habsburg Empire, was also its most ethnically diverse. No ethnic group represented an absolute majority. Ukrainians were dominant in the north and Romanians in the south; but Germans, Jews, Poles, Hungarians, Gypsies, Russians and others lived in more or less mixed settlements throughout.1 As a 26 TROPOS province under Austrian administration, however, German was the vehicle for GAËLLE upward mobility and German-speakers dominated politics, culture and the FISHER economy. -
Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi
Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi To cite this version: Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi. Arabic and Contact-Induced Change. 2020. halshs-03094950 HAL Id: halshs-03094950 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03094950 Submitted on 15 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language Contact and Multilingualism 1 science press Contact and Multilingualism Editors: Isabelle Léglise (CNRS SeDyL), Stefano Manfredi (CNRS SeDyL) In this series: 1. Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). Arabic and contact-induced change. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language science press Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). 2020. Arabic and contact-induced change (Contact and Multilingualism 1). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/235 © 2020, the authors Published under the Creative Commons Attribution -
Chapter 1. Introduction
1 Chapter 1. Introduction Once an English-speaking population was established in South Africa in the 19 th century, new unique dialects of English began to emerge in the colony, particularly in the Eastern Cape, as a result of dialect levelling and contact with indigenous groups and the L1 Dutch speaking population already present in the country (Lanham 1996). Recognition of South African English as a variety in its own right came only later in the next century. South African English, however, is not a homogenous dialect; there are many different strata present under this designation, which have been recognised and identified in terms of geographic location and social factors such as first language, ethnicity, social class and gender (Hooper 1944a; Lanham 1964, 1966, 1967b, 1978b, 1982, 1990, 1996; Bughwan 1970; Lanham & MacDonald 1979; Barnes 1986; Lass 1987b, 1995; Wood 1987; McCormick 1989; Chick 1991; Mesthrie 1992, 1993a; Branford 1994; Douglas 1994; Buthelezi 1995; Dagut 1995; Van Rooy 1995; Wade 1995, 1997; Gough 1996; Malan 1996; Smit 1996a, 1996b; Görlach 1998c; Van der Walt 2000; Van Rooy & Van Huyssteen 2000; de Klerk & Gough 2002; Van der Walt & Van Rooy 2002; Wissing 2002). English has taken different social roles throughout South Africa’s turbulent history and has presented many faces – as a language of oppression, a language of opportunity, a language of separation or exclusivity, and also as a language of unification. From any chosen theoretical perspective, the presence of English has always been a point of contention in South Africa, a combination of both threat and promise (Mawasha 1984; Alexander 1990, 2000; de Kadt 1993, 1993b; de Klerk & Bosch 1993, 1994; Mesthrie & McCormick 1993; Schmied 1995; Wade 1995, 1997; de Klerk 1996b, 2000; Granville et al. -
Multicultural London English / Multicultural Paris French. Implications for the Classroom
Éducation et sociétés plurilingues 39 | 2015 Varia Multicultural London English / Multicultural Paris French. Implications for the classroom Raymonde Sneddon Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/esp/662 DOI: 10.4000/esp.662 ISSN: 2532-0319 Publisher Centre d'Information sur l'Éducation Bilingue et Plurilingue Printed version Date of publication: 1 December 2015 Number of pages: 79-88 ISSN: 1127-266X Electronic reference Raymonde Sneddon, « Multicultural London English / Multicultural Paris French. », Éducation et sociétés plurilingues [Online], 39 | 2015, Online since 01 October 2016, connection on 10 December 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/esp/662 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/esp.662 © CIEBP Éducation et Sociétés Plurilingues n° 39 - décembre 2015 MULTICULTURAL LONDON ENGLISH / MULTICULTURAL PARIS FRENCH. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CLASSROOM Raymonde SNEDDON Le projet Multicultural London English /Multicultural Paris French (http://www.mle- mpf.bbk.ac.uk) fut lancé en 2010 à Birkbeck, University of London. Les données ont été recueillies auprès de jeunes dans divers lieux des banlieues parisiennes, puis comparées à celles réunies lors d’un projet antérieur sur l’anglais multiculturel de Londres. MLE/MPF est la première comparaison à grande échelle du langage infor- mel employé par des jeunes dans deux contextes significatifs de l’Europe occidentale. Cet article décrit les princi- pales conclusions de la recherche par rapport aux marqueurs pragmatiques, traits syntactiques, éléments de voca- bulaire et de phonologie. Il inclut les ressources développées par le projet afin de servir dans la salle de classe pour aider les élèves dans leur recherche, leurs enquêtes inter-linguistiques et la créativité langagière. Mots-clés: langues des jeunes; français multiculturel de Paris; anglais multiculturel de Londres; marqueurs pragma- tiques; traits syntactiques; vocabulaire; phonologie Il progetto Multicultural London English /Multicultural Paris French (http://www.mle- mpf.bbk.ac.uk) è stato lanciato nel 2010 a Birkbeck, University of London. -
The Performance of Cajun English in Boudreaux and Thibodeaux Jokes
The performance of cajun english in Boudreaux and ThiBodeaux jokes KAtie CArmiChAel Ohio State University abstract: in South louisiana, there is a genre of jokes featuring the bumbling Cajun characters Boudreaux and thibodeaux. these jokes are often told with an exagger- ated Cajun english accent, an ideal opportunity to examine and better understand local perceptions of Cajun english linguistic features. Th-stopping, nonaspiration of [p, t, k], and vowel quality were analyzed in recordings of six lafourche Parish, loui- siana speakers conversing casually as well as performing Boudreaux and thibodeaux jokes. While all speakers exaggerated one or the other consonantal feature while joketelling, vowel quality was not manipulated in the expected ways. Such patterning may indicate that th-stopping and nonaspiration of [p, t, k] are more salient, or more easily imitable, features of Cajun english than the vowel features examined. Notably, there was some patterning of features exaggerated based on where the speaker lived along the bayou, with “up the bayou” joketellers having a more standard baseline to begin with and thus exaggerating different features, demonstrating the importance of considering culturally specific social categories in analyzing performances of local speech varieties. Boudreaux and thibodeaux (Bt) jokes are a genre of ethnic jokes told by Cajuns in South louisiana. Bt jokes are similar in style to Newfie (New- foundlanders) jokes of Canada: both function to poke fun at a stigmatized socioethnic group, the members of which are seen as stupid (Davies 1982). Usually Bt jokes are humorous narratives about the eponymous fictional Cajuns, who are portrayed as ignorant, unsophisticated, and generally incom- petent, as in the following example: One day tibodeau told Boudreau that he was going to the trade school to make hisself smart.