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The American Navies and the Winning of Independence
The American Navies and the Winning of Independence During the American War of Independence the navies of France and Spain challenged Great Britain on the world’s oceans. Combined, the men-o-war of the allied Bourbon monarchies outnumbered those of the British, and the allied fleets were strong enough to battle Royal Navy fleets in direct engagements, even to attempt invasions of the British isles. In contrast, the naval forces of the United States were too few, weak, and scattered to confront the Royal Navy head on. The few encounters between American and British naval forces of any scale ended in disaster for the Revolutionary cause. The Patriot attempt to hold the Delaware River after the British capture of Philadelphia in 1777, however gallant, resulted in the annihilation of the Pennsylvania Navy and the capture or burning of three Continental Navy frigates. The expedition to recapture Castine, Maine, from the British in 1779 led to the destruction of all the Continental and Massachusetts Navy ships, American privateers, and American transports involved, more than thirty vessels. And the fall of Charleston, South Carolina, to the British in 1780 brought with it the destruction or capture of four Continental Navy warships and several ships of the South Carolina Navy. Despite their comparative weakness, American naval forces made significant contributions to the overall war effort. Continental Navy vessels transported diplomats and money safely between Europe and America, convoyed shipments of munitions, engaged the Royal Navy in single ship actions, launched raids against British settlements in the Bahamas, aggravated diplomatic tensions between Great Britain and European powers, and carried the war into British home waters and even onto the shores of England and Scotland. -
The Mutinies of 1781
THE MUTINIES OF 1781 Two mutinies of Continental Line troops occurred in January 1781 as a consequence of a lack of food, spirits, clothing, and pay for at least a year. While these harsh conditions were not unique for that time, the first mutiny led to but only a second that was dramatically quelled in short order. Six reGiments of the Pennsylvania Line were winter-quartered south of Morristown, New Jersey, under the command of General Anthony Wayne. On New Year’s Day, January 1, 1781, soldiers from the regiments of the Line mutinied to seek redress for their sufferinG state. DurinG the initial uprisinG, two officers, a Lieutenant White and Captain Samuel Tolbert, were seriously wounded, with a third, Captain Alan BittinG/Bettin of the 4th Regiment, killed. After taking a cannon, the mutineers marched directly to Princeton to air their grievances. There, a board of sergeants was selected, headed by Sergeant William Bouzar, which then met with the President of the Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Joseph Reed. Following the initial meeting, Reed met with delegates of the Continental Congress at Trenton. Reed seems to have found their demands compellinG. Subsequently, the troop marched to Trenton for a continuation of the neGotiations. There, a Commission was created to consider mainly their one complaint concerning bounties paid out to enlistees in 1776 and 1777. Following the Commission’s review, immediate discharges were Granted to those three-year men whose enlistments were over. Each was promised partial payment of back pay in addition to items of need. -
May 1975 Vol. XXII, No. 2
Masonic Culture Workshops Scheduled In Four Areas The PENNSYLVANIA To Assist Lodge Officers The Grand Lodge Committee on Ma sonic Culture has divided the Jurisdic FREE1VIASON tion into four areas, one more than was previously announced. AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE RIGHT WORSHIPFUL GRAND LODGE OF Masonic Culture Seminars are being FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS OF PENNSYLVANIA conducted in these areas to assist Lodge Officers to prepare interesting Lodge meetings. The agenda for the Seminars covers VOLUME XXII MAY • 1975 NUMBER 2 introduction materials and services pro vided by the Grand Lodge Committee "Rededication Month" on Masonic Culture. 197 6 Lodge Programs A " Packet" of informative papers, pamphlets and other helpful guides is Are Being Distributed Five members of the Rodd family, all Officers of Chartiers Lodge No. 297, Canonsburg, are being distributed to those attending the Grand Master Calls Craft to Labor shown with Bro. Eugene G. Painter, District Deputy Grand Master for the 29th Masonic District. Front row, left to right: Bro. Robert C. Rodd, Senior Deacon; Bro. Painter, and Bro. Seminars. October has been designated " Re John T. Rodd, Worshipful Master. Rear row, left to right: Bro. John R. Rodd, Past Master The four Area Chairmen, Members of dedication to Freemasonry" Month by By District Deputies and Secretary; Bro. Howard J. Orr, Past Master and Secretary Emeritus and cousin of Bro. the Grand Lodge Committee on Masonic John R. Rodd; and Bro. Robert C. Rodd II, Junior Warden. Bro. John R. Rodd is the father the Grand Master. of the three Rodds. Culture, are responsible for the follow In making the announcement, Bro. -
Continental Army: Valley Forge Encampment
REFERENCES HISTORICAL REGISTRY OF OFFICERS OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMY T.B. HEITMAN CONTINENTAL ARMY R. WRIGHT BIRTHPLACE OF AN ARMY J.B. TRUSSELL SINEWS OF INDEPENDENCE CHARLES LESSER THESIS OF OFFICER ATTRITION J. SCHNARENBERG ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION M. BOATNER PHILADELPHIA CAMPAIGN D. MARTIN AMERICAN REVOLUTION IN THE DELAWARE VALLEY E. GIFFORD VALLEY FORGE J.W. JACKSON PENNSYLVANIA LINE J.B. TRUSSELL GEORGE WASHINGTON WAR ROBERT LECKIE ENCYLOPEDIA OF CONTINENTAL F.A. BERG ARMY UNITS VALLEY FORGE PARK MICROFILM Continental Army at Valley Forge GEN GEORGE WASHINGTON Division: FIRST DIVISION MG CHARLES LEE SECOND DIVISION MG THOMAS MIFFLIN THIRD DIVISION MG MARQUES DE LAFAYETTE FOURTH DIVISION MG BARON DEKALB FIFTH DIVISION MG LORD STIRLING ARTILLERY BG HENRY KNOX CAVALRY BG CASIMIR PULASKI NJ BRIGADE BG WILLIAM MAXWELL Divisions were loosly organized during the encampment. Reorganization in May and JUNE set these Divisions as shown. KNOX'S ARTILLERY arrived Valley Forge JAN 1778 CAVALRY arrived Valley Forge DEC 1777 and left the same month. NJ BRIGADE departed Valley Forge in MAY and rejoined LEE'S FIRST DIVISION at MONMOUTH. Previous Division Commanders were; MG NATHANIEL GREENE, MG JOHN SULLIVAN, MG ALEXANDER MCDOUGEL MONTHLY STRENGTH REPORTS ALTERATIONS Month Fit For Duty Assigned Died Desert Disch Enlist DEC 12501 14892 88 129 25 74 JAN 7950 18197 0 0 0 0 FEB 6264 19264 209 147 925 240 MAR 5642 18268 399 181 261 193 APR 10826 19055 384 188 116 1279 MAY 13321 21802 374 227 170 1004 JUN 13751 22309 220 96 112 924 Totals: 70255 133787 1674 968 1609 3714 Ref: C.M. -
Mosquito Continental Navy Schooner
Mosquito Lieutenant Thomas Albertson Schooner []September 1776-7 July 1777 Continental Navy Schooner Commissioned/First Date: []September 1776 Out of Service/Cause: 7 July 1777/captured, burned by boats from HM Frigates Pearl and Camilla Owners: Tonnage: Battery: Date Reported: 7 July 1777 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 6/3-pounder 18 pounds 9 pounds Total: 6 cannon/18 pounds Broadside: 3 cannon/9 pounds Swivels: four Crew: Description: Officers: (1) Master James Horton, -7 July 1777 Cruises: Prizes: Actions: Comments: The Continental Navy Schooner Mosquito was probably in service by September 1776, although the vessel’s origins are unclear. She was evidently fitted out at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and armed with four cannon. Her command was given to Continental Navy Lieutenant Thomas ©awiatsea.com-posted August 2019 --1-- A William Nolen Van Powell painting of the Fly and the Mosquito . These rwo vessels were together in the Delaware River on 31 December 1776. The sloop Fly is correctly shown with black tarred sides and mounting four guns. Mosquito is shown as a normal small schooner. Her flag is correct for the time. --2-- Albertson, as a Lieutenant, Commanding. 1 Other sources indicate she was armed with four 9- pounder cannons, 2 but this certainly wrong as to the weight of metal. Silverstone, neeser ] On 11 July 1776, a man by the name of Isaac Atwood was interrogated by the Committee of Safety. In the process Atwood claimed that many persons, whom he mentioned by name, had Loyalist sumpathies. Among them was a Thomas Albertson, who was a merchant captain. Atwood stated that “Capt. -
V 52, #1 Fall 2015
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI NONPROFIT ORG. U.S. POSTAGE Cincinnati fourteen 2118 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. P A I D fourteen Cincinnati Washington, DC 20008-3640 WASHINGTON, DC PERMIT NO. 8805 Volume 52, Volume No.1 Fall 2015 Fall 2015 Members and guests of the New Hunter Lowell Davis, son of Pennsylvania Society member Brad Jersey and Pennsylvania societies Davis and grandson of former president Lowell Davis, was admitted convened on April 25 on a perfect as a successor member this fall. A student at the Friends School in Spring Saturday for a tour of Fort Baltimore, Hunter is spending the fall at the prestigious School for Mifflin, south of Philadelphia. The New Ethics and Global Leadership in Washington. The Davis family Jersey group started at Fort Mercer traces its lineage to two brothers who served as officers in the on the eastern bank of the Delaware Pennsylvania line. River and were joined by the Pennsylvanians at Fort Mifflin on Mud Island on the western bank. Lunch Friends of Independence National Historical Park; “We want as little busing to get to venues as was served inside the fort, followed by the National Park Service; Bartram’s Gardens possible,” said Jim Pringle, the state society’s vice a guided tour of the stone fortress and (oldest surviving botanic garden in North president. “By staying in the historic district, we demonstration of musketry and America); the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts; can minimize all forms of transportation,” Pringle Revolutionary War cannon. The the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, Free and explained. “We will concentrate the activities so dogged defense of Fort Mifflin by Accepted Masons; The Barnes Foundation (art they’re easily walkable, as much as possible.” American soldiers under constant museum); and The Barnes Arboretum (gardens). -
Colonial Flags 1775-1781
THE AMERICAN FLAG IS BORN American Heritage Information Library and Museum about A Revolutionary Experience GRAND UNION BETSY ROSS The first flag of the colonists to have any During the Revolutionary War, several patriots made resemblance to the present Stars and Stripes. It was flags for our new Nation. Among them were Cornelia first flown by ships of the Colonial Fleet on the Bridges, Elizabeth (Betsy) Ross, and Rebecca Young, all Delaware River. On December 3, 1775 it was raised of Pennsylvania, and John Shaw of Annapolis, Maryland. aboard Capt. Esek Hopkin's flagship Alfred by John Although Betsy Ross, the best known of these persons, Paul Jones, then a navy lieutenant. Later the flag was made flags for 50 years, there is no proof that she raised on the liberty pole at Prospect Hill, which was made the first Stars and Stripes. It is known she made near George Washington's headquarters in flags for the Pennsylvania Navy in 1777. The flag Cambridge, MA. It was the unofficial national flag on popularly known as the "Betsy Ross Flag", which July 4, 1776, Independence Day; and it remained the arranged the stars in a circle, did not appear until the unofficial national flag and ensign of the Navy until early 1790's. June 14, 1777 when the Continental Congress Provided as a Public Service authorized the Stars and Stripes. for over 115 Years COLONIAL THIRD MOUNTAIN REGIMENT The necessity of a common national flag had not been thought of until the appointment of a committee composed of Benjamin Franklin, Messrs. -
1779 Soldiers, Sailors and Marines Kyllonen
1779 Soldiers, Sailors and Marines Kyllonen pation, farmer; inducted at Hillsboro on April 29, 1918; sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa; served in Company K, 350th Infantry, to May 16, 1918; Com- pany K, 358th Infantry, to discharge; overseas from June 20, 1918, to June 7, 1919. Engagements: Offensives: St. Mihiel; Meuse-Argonne. De- fensive Sectors: Puvenelle and Villers-en-Haye (Lorraine). Discharged at Camp Dodge, Idwa, on June 14, 1919, as a Private. KYLLONEN, CHARLEY. Army number 4,414,704; registrant, Nelson county; born, Brocket, N. Dak., July 5, 1894, of Finnish parents; occu- pation, farmer; inducted at La,kota on Sept. 3, 1918; sent to Camp Grant, Ill.; served in Machine Gun Training Center, Camp Hancock, Ga., to dis- charge. Discharged at Camp Hancock, Ga., on March 26, 1919, as a Private. KYLMALA, AUGUST. Army number 2,110,746; registrant, Dickey county; born, Oula, Finland, Aug. 9, 1887; naturalized citizen; occupation, laborer; inducted at Ellendale on Sept. 21, 1917; sent. to Camp Dodge, Iowa; served in Company I, 352nd Infantry, to Nov. 28, 1917; Company L, 348th Infantry, to May 18, 1918; 162nd Depot Brigade, to June 17, 1918; 21st Battalion, M. S. Gas Company, to Aug. 2, 1918; 165th Depot Brigade, to discharge. Discharged at Camp Travis, Texas, on Dec. 4, 1918, as a Private. KYNCL, JOHN. Army number 298,290; registrant, Cavalier county; born, Langdon, N. Dak., March 27, 1896, of Bohemian parents; occupation, farmer; inducted at Langdon on Dec. 30, 1917; sent to Fort Stevens, Ore.; served in Battery D, 65th Artillery, Coast Artillery Corps, to discharge; overseas from March 25, 1918, to Jan. -
Naval Documents of the American Revolution, Volume 1, Part 8
Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 1 AMERICAN THEATRE: Dec. 1, 1774–Sept. 2, 1775 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Dec. 6, 1774–Aug. 9, 1775 Part 8 of 8 United States Government Printing Office Washington, 1964 Electronically published by American Naval Records Society Bolton Landing, New York 2012 AS A WORK OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THIS PUBLICATION IS IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. EUROPEAN THEATRE From June 29, 1775, to Aug. 9, 1775 EUROPEAN THEATRE From June 29, 1775, to August 9, 1775 SUMMARY Even the news of Lexington had not aroused George I11 or his Ministers to the seriousness of the revolt in the American colonies. Were not three major generals and three more regiments of infantry already on the high seas to rein- force Thomas Gage's force? And had not the Admiralty been ordered to aug- ment Samuel Graves's squadron by such a number of frigates as would suffice to secure obedience to the Restrictive Acts recently enacted, and prevent succour from the southern colonies reaching New England? Hhere seemed little doubt in the British mind that with "One tolerable Drubbing," rebel resistance would collapse. Warnings from Whig leaders that conquest would not be so simple, and that possible loss of the American colonies would leave the Empire an easy prey to revengeful France, were discounted as political clap-trap. France was in no position to capitalize upon the American troubles, and her partner, Spain, engrossed in the Mediterranean, could be discounted entirely. So thought the Ministry. As far as concerned Spain, this conclusion was justified. -
John Nice (1739-1806) Family Papers, 1764-1864 1 Box, 2 Vols., 0.4 Lin
John Nice (1739-1806) Family Papers, 1764-1864 1 box, 2 vols., 0.4 lin. feet Collection 451 Abstract John Nice (b.1739) was the third of four children born to Winnard and Mary Nice of Germantown, Pennsylvania. Nice joined the army as a young man, and by the age of twenty-one had achieved the rank of captain. He married Sarah Engle in 1772, and the couple had seven children. Nice continued to serve through the Revolutionary War, and died in Philadelphia in 1806. Papers of John include records pertaining to Captain Nice’s service in the Sixth and Thirteenth Pennsylvania Lines during the American Revolution, such as muster rolls, pay rolls, and orders. Also included are a few personal papers, as well as scattered correspondence, estate documents, and miscellaneous papers pertaining to the Nice, Engle, and Dugan families. Background note John Nice, the son of Winnard and Mary Nice, was born in Germantown in 1739. The Nice (or Neus) family had arrived in Pennsylvania during the time of William Penn. In 1772 John Nice married Sarah Engle (b. 1747), the daughter of Cornelius and Catherine, and they had seven children, five of whom outlived their father: James, Mary, Ann, Washington, and Levi. At the age of eighteen John Nice received a commission in the colonial army, and at twenty-one was promoted to the rank of captain. In March 1776 he received a commission as captain the Pennsylvania Musketry Battalion, commanded by Samuel Atlee. At the Battle of Long Island, fought in August 1776, Captain Nice was taken prisoner. -
The Revolutionary Struggle in New Jersey, 1776-1783
The Revolutionary Struggle in New jersey, 1776-1783 LEWIS F. OWEN NEW JERSEY'S REVOLUTIONARY EXPERIENCE Larry R. Gerlach, Edito.r This series of publications is dedicated to the memory of Alfred E. Driscoll, governor of New Jersey from 1947 to 1954, in grateful tribute to his lifelong support of the study and teaching of the history of New Jersey and the United States. He was a member of the New Jersey Historical Commission from 1970 until his death on March 9, 1975. The Revolutionary Struggle in New Jersey, 1776-1783 LEWIS F. OWEN New jersey Historical Commission library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Owen, Lewis F The Revolutionary struggle in New Jersey, 1776-1783. (New Jersey's Revolutionary experience; 16) Bibliography: p. SUMMARY: Beginning with the British invasion of Gravesend Bay, Long Island, in August, 1 776, traces the ensuing military events which occurred in New Jersey until the end of the Revolutionary War. 1. New Jersey-History-Revolution, 1775-1783. [l. New Jersey History-Revolution, 1775-1783] l. Title. II. Series. E263.N5N78 no. 16 974.9'03s [974.9'03] 76-19072 Price: $.50 Designed by Peggy Lewis and Lee R. Parks Copyright "1975 by the New Jersey Historical Commission. All rights re served. Printed in the United States of America THE NEW JERSEY HISTORICAL COMMISSION is an official agency of the state of New Jersey, in the division of the State Library, Archives and History, Department of Education. Fred G. Burke, Commis sioner, Ralph H. Lataille, Deputy Commissioner. 113 West State Street, Trenton, NJ 08625 John T. -
Appendix a Detailed Historical Research in Support of the Battle of the Clouds Project
Appendix A Detailed Historical Research in Support of the Battle of the Clouds Project Detailed Historical Research in Support of the Battle of the Clouds Project Robert Selig, Thomas J. McGuire, and Wade Catts, 2013 American Battlefield Protection Program Grant GA-2255-12-005 Prepared for Chester County Planning. John Milner Associates, Inc., West Chester, PA Compiled August 17, 2013 This document contains a compilation of technical questions posed by the County of Chester as part of a project funded by the American Battlefield Protection Program in 2013 to research and document the Battle of the Clouds which took place September 16, 1777. Nineteen questions were developed in order to produce a technical report containing details of the battle such as order of battle, areas of engagement, avenues of approach and retreat, and encampment areas. Research was conducted by John Milner Associates of West Chester under the guidance of Wade Catts and his research team consisting of Dr. Robert Selig and Thomas J. McGuire. Due to the obscurity of the battle and the lack of detailed first-hand accounts, some of the questions could not be answered conclusively and are so noted. Following is a summary of the questions: Intro Q1 - Were the troop strengths in this battle the same as Brandywine? After Brandywine Q2 - Did George Washington make his headquarters at the Stenton House in Germantown during the Continental encampment on September 13? Q3 - Were any troops left to cover Levering’s Ford or Matson’s Ford after Washington crossed back to the west