Crucible of War: Conflict in North America 1757–1792

Home , Alured Clarke, Associators, Battle of Johnstown, George Carteret, John Howe (loyalist), John Shebbeare

catalogue three hundred seventeen Crucible of War: Conflict in North America 1757–1792

William Reese Company 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511

(203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue derives its title from Fred Anderson’s superb history of the French and Indian War, The Crucible of War. That colonial war shaped an aftermath of colonial dissent and imperial struggle which led directly to the American Revolution and ultimately to the federal government of the United States as we know it. The third of a century covered in this catalogue is the crucible out of which the United States emerged. We are pleased to offer many landmark books here, among them the Paris 1785 edition of Jefferson’s Notes on the State of Virginia; a wonderful James Sharples portrait of Alexander Hamilton; Simcoe’s Journal..., a legendary Revolutionary rarity; and General Gage’s proclamation of martial law after Lexington and Concord. Also offered are sets of the Journals of the Continental Congress and The Pennsylvania Magazine of 1775-76; a series of crucial Revolutionary pamphlets; a set of the Intolerable Acts; and much more.

Available on request or via our website are our recent catalogues 311 American Women, 313 World Travel & Voyages, 314 Recent Acquisitions in Americana, and 315 The Only Copy For Sale, as well as Bulletins 33 American Natural History, 34 Adams & Jefferson, 35 American Travel, 36 American Views & Cartography, 37 Flat: Single Significant Sheets, and many more topical lists.

Some of our catalogues, as well as some recent topical lists, are now posted on the internet at www.reeseco.com. A portion of our stock may be viewed via links at www. reeseco.com. If you would like to receive e-mail notification when catalogues and lists are uploaded, please e-mail us at [email protected] or send us a fax, specifying whether you would like to receive the notifications in lieu of or in addition to paper catalogues.

Terms Material herein is offered subject to prior sale. All items are as described and are considered to be on approval. Notice of return must be given within ten days unless specific arrangements are made. Connecticut residents must be billed state sales tax. Postage and insurance charges are billed to all nonprepaid domestic orders. Overseas orders are sent by air unless otherwise requested, with full postage charges billed at our discretion. Payment by check, wire transfer or bank draft is preferred, but may also be made by MasterCard or Visa.

William Reese Company Phone: (203) 789-8081 409 Temple Street Fax: (203) 865-7653 New Haven, CT 06511 E-mail: [email protected] www.williamreesecompany.com

Front cover: 114. Romney, George: Joseph Tayadaneega Called The Brant.... London. 1779.

Rear cover: 31. [Continental Congress]: A Declaration by the Representatives.... Phila. 1775. 1. Adair, James: THE HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS; PARTICULARLY THOSE NATIONS ADJOINING TO THE MIS- SISIPPI [sic], EAST AND WEST FLORIDA, GEORGIA, SOUTH AND NORTH CAROLINA, AND VIRGINIA...ALSO AN APPEN- DIX, CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION OF THE FLORIDAS, AND THE MISSISIPPI [sic] LANDS.... London. 1775. [12],464pp. plus folding map. Half title. Quarto. Contemporary calf, rebacked, preserving original gilt morocco label. Light wear to binding, modern bookplate on rear pastedown. Very good.

Adair, “one of the most colorful figures in Southern colonial history” (Clark), came to America in 1735. He was heavily involved in trading with the Indians of the Southeast, including the Catawba, Cherokee, and Chickasaw, between 1735 and 1759, and this work contains a chapter on each of these major tribes. Considered by many to be the leading authority of his time on the southeast Indians, he offers detailed descriptions of Indian customs and religion, with many observations on Indian trade and traders. A large portion of the work is devoted to Adair’s twenty- three arguments by which he attempts to prove the descent of the Indians from the Lost Tribes of Israel. The map “illustrates a Southeast with the Indians safely tucked away in the interior wilderness, exactly the condition Adair’s readers would have approved of ” (Cumming & De Vorsey). HOWES A38, “b.” PILLING, PROOF-SHEETS 18. CLARK I:28. VAIL 643. FIELD 11. JCB (3)I:2013. SERVIES 517. BELL A59. SABIN 155. GRAFF 10. CUMMING & DE VORSEY 448. $4000.

Lobbying for Approval of the Massachusetts Constitution

2. [Adams, John]: AN ADDRESS OF THE CONVENTION, FOR FRAMING A NEW CONSTITUTION OF GOVERNMENT, FOR THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS-BAY, TO THEIR CONSTITUENTS. Boston: White and Adams, 1780. 18pp. 20th-century three-quarter red morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities rubbed. Institutional bookplate on front pastedown. Contemporary ownership inscription on titlepage, a few contemporary notations. Second “S” in “Address” on half title lacking, some paper damage to the “E” as well. Light soiling, foxing, and wear. About very good.

Although primarily written by Adams, this explanation of the new constitution was issued by James Bowdoin, convention president. After the rejection of the 1778 Massachusetts constitution, the document was entirely revised, largely by John Adams, and offered to the public in 1780. Adams and others then lobbied hard for its acceptance, and this is the opening gun. EVANS 16843. $3000.

One of the Rarest of All Revolutionary War Narratives

3. Allen, Ethan: A NARRATIVE OF COLONEL ETHAN ALLEN’S CAPTIVITY, FROM THE TIME OF HIS BEING TAKEN BY THE BRITISH...TO THE TIME OF HIS EXCHANGE...CON- TAINING, HIS VOYAGES AND TRAVELS...INTERSPERSED WITH SOME POLITICAL OBSERVATIONS. WRITTEN BY HIMSELF AND NOW PUBLISHED FOR THE INFORMATION OF THE CURIOUS IN ALL NATIONS. Philadelphia: printed, Bos- ton: re-printed by Draper and Folsom, 1779. 40pp. Early 20th-century blue morocco by Macdonald, gilt inner dentelles, raised bands, spine gilt, a.e.g. Lightly edgeworn, raised bands rubbed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Stained and tanned. Trimmed close, costing several catchwords and occasionally shaving a running headline, page number, or letter of text. Overall, good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

The excessively rare second edition of Ethan Allen’s Revolutionary War captivity narrative. Four editions were printed in 1779, all of which are extremely rare. The Philadelphia edition printed by Bell is designated by Evans as the first edition, and this Boston printing is called the second edition. We have never seen a copy of the Bell edition offered for sale, and the North American Imprints Project locates only two copies of that edition – it is so rare as to be virtually unobtainable. This is only the second copy of the Boston edition that we have ever seen offered for sale. As leader of the Green Mountain Boys, Ethan Allen played a crucial role in the attack on Fort Ticonderoga, and proved to be a constant source of difficulty to the British in the Northeast. He was captured in September 1775 while leading a group of New Englanders and Quebecois in an attack on Montreal, and suffered two years of brutal captivity in British prisons, aboard prison ships, and in the New York City jail. Allen was finally exchanged for a British prisoner and wrote this account of his ordeal, excoriating the British for their cruelty and calling on Americans to forsake any thought of compromise in the revolutionary cause. Allen’s narrative was very popular “and is rated second among best-selling books of the revolutionary period after Thomas Paine’s Common Sense” (ANB). It was reprinted several times in the following decades. The great 19th-century Americana collector, George Brinley, possessed three copies of this Boston edition, all of which were sold at the auction of his collection some 120 years ago. All three of those copies, however, were defective in some way, and the catalogue description still referred to this Boston printing as being “excessively rare.” Neither Thomas W. Streeter, E.D. Church, or Herschel Jones, three of the greatest Americana collectors of the 20th century, were able to obtain any 1779 edition of Allen’s narrative. The ever-bold Charles Heartman offered a copy of this Boston edition in 1930 (at the onset of the Depression) for $975. Very rare, and an essential Revolutionary War narrative. HOWES A136, “b.” GILMAN, p.5. SABIN 793. EVANS 16181. NAIP w013736. ANB I, pp.309-10. $35,000.

A Set of Early American Military Manuals, Printed by Robert Bell

4. [American Military Manuals]: THE ART OF WAR.... [with:] A TREATISE ON THE MILITARY SERVICE OF LIGHT HORSE, AND LIGHT INFANTRY, IN THE FIELD AND IN FORTIFIED PLACES. Philadelphia: Robert Bell, 1776-1777. Two volumes. [8],264; [2], 228pp. Half title in each volume. Contemporary speckled calf, gilt-lettered spines. Rubbed, more particularly along hinges; front board of second volume neatly detached. Contemporary ownership signature of Joseph Hiller on front free endpaper of first volume. Internally clean. Very good. In separate cloth chemises within a half morocco and cloth box.

Two important early American military manuals, published shortly after the first American work of the kind, Roger Ste- venson’s Military Instructions for Officers... (1775). Both volumes are English transla- tions of earlier French military guides. Although issued separately and complete in themselves, the works are often found as a set, as here. The first title is actually a compilation of three tracts by Monsieur de Lamont, an anonymous French author, and the Chevalier de la Valiere, respectively. Titled “The Duties of Officers...,” “The Duties of Soldiers...” and “The Rules and Practices of the Greatest Generals...,” they offer a thorough guide to the proper behavior of a military body of the sort so much needed by the fledgling Continental Army. The second volume, translated by the American, Major Lewis Nicola, was originally written by Thomas Grandmaison, the father of French cavalry tactics. The two volumes, intended by Bell to be a set (the second volume includes an advertisement for the first opposite its titlepage), are often found stamped with a “W” and a “G” on their respective spines, leading some who have seen only one copy to surmise their copy once belonged to George Washington. However, the appearance of multiple copies with such markings seems to defeat that hopeful hypothesis. Many Bell bindings are stamped with similar singular letters, suggesting the intrepid printer employed some sort of classification system for his bindings. Throughout the Revolution early military guides such as these were in great demand. Often subjected to extensive study and use, they are rarely found in such fine condition. HILDEBURN 3412, 3553. EVANS 14816, 15319. NAIP w013180, w028183. $7500. 5. [American Newspaper]: [American Revolution]: THE BOSTON GA- ZETTE AND THE COUNTRY JOURNAL. No. 1484. Boston: Ben- jamin Edes and sons, Feb. 3, 1783. 4pp. Folio. Old fold lines. Minor foxing and soiling. Very good plus.

The Boston Gazette, published weekly, was established in 1719 as a competitor to the Boston News-Letter and ran for nearly a century (1719-1798). From April 1756 to December 1793, it was published with the additional “And Country Journal.” During the American Revolution, the Gazette was a leading publisher of material protesting British taxes and anti-British sentiment. Contributors included such notable personages as Samuel Adams, Phyllis Wheatley, and Paul Revere, who also did the engraving on the masthead. This issue, from the end of the American Revolution, contains a lengthy article written by “Grotius” on the evil of a federal impost and the rights of states to be independent. He writes: “For the general court to pass an act which they consider in its nature irrepealable, thereby giving Congress the power of levying imposts of the property of this state...is ‘delivering up the people to the subjection of a foreign power.’” Power assigned to Congress by the Articles of Confederation – or the lack thereof – would be hotly debated, eventually leading to the creation of the U.S. Constitution in 1787. It also contains news from the front including an extract from a letter by General Greene to Congress, announcing the flight of the British from Charleston. $1500.

A View of Charleston, South Carolina in 1776

6. [American Revolution]: A N.W.b.N. VIEW OF CHARLES TOWN FROM ON BOARD THE BRISTOL COMMODORE SIR PETER PARKER KNT. &c. &c. TAKEN IN FIVE FATHOM HOLE THE DAY AFTER THE ATTACK UPON FORT SULIVAN BY THE COMMODORE & HIS SQUADRON, WHICH ACTION CON- TINUED 9 HOURS & 40 MINUTES. London: William Faden, Aug. 10, 1776. Engraving, 12¼ x 19½ inches. Small old stamp on verso. Near fine.

A profile view of Charleston, South Carolina and the British fleet in the waters offshore, following the attack on Fort Sullivan in June, 1776. The engraving includes a key indicating various important points of interest; several of the ships in the view are labeled. Below the view is a separate platemark with an engraved dedication which reads: “To Commodore Sir Peter Parker Knt. &c. &c. &c. This View is most humbly dedicated and presented by Lt. Colonel Thos. James Rl. Rt. of Artillery, Five Fathom Hole South Carolina, June 29th, 1776.” In the spring of 1776, South Carolina was in the firm possession of the patriot Americans, which the British were determined to challenge. They dispatched a fleet of twenty ships under Commodore Peter Parker, with the mission under the overall command of Major General Sir Henry Clinton. The ships moored in Five Fathom Hole, and landed on Long Island, which lay to the north of Sullivan’s Island. Meanwhile, practical considerations indicated that the Patriot defenders were in considerable trouble. Led by Col. William Moultrie, the Americans were short of experienced troops and ammunition. Fort Sullivan, located on the southern tip of the island of the same name, had to be held, otherwise Charleston would fall. Moultrie had a total of 1,125 men against 2,900 British marines. More worryingly, the fort had only twenty-six guns, with only twenty-eight rounds of ammunition per gun against the British fleet’s 270 well stocked cannon. On June 28th, the British mounted their full on naval assault of the fort. Moultrie wisely rationed and synchronized the use of his limited firepower, such that the British met heavier than expected resistance. Unfamiliar with the tidal shoals that lay near the fort, the British ships were unable to sail in close enough to the fort to deliver lethal blows, while remaining in range of the American guns. Amazingly, many of the British rounds which did strike the fort were harmlessly absorbed into the structure’s spongy palmetto logs. The British flagship H.M.S. Bristol took heavy losses, and another ship ran aground and had to be abandoned. Another British attempt to storm Thomson’s northern positions with a raid by long boats was easily repelled. This handsome view shows the position of the British ships in this important engagement, with the city of Charleston in the background. This view was published by Faden, who did many of the most important Revolutionary maps in the first several years of the Revolution. Very rare; the is the first copy of this Charleston view we have handled. CRESSWELL 611. $15,000. The British Thrown Out of Boston, with a Fine Woodcut

7. [American Revolution]: TWO FAVORITE SONGS, MADE ON THE EVACUATION OF THE TOWN OF BOSTON, BY THE BRIT- ISH TROOPS, ON THE 17th OF MARCH, 1776. [Boston. March 17, 1776]. Broadside, 17 x 10½ inches. Large woodcut of a harbor fortress and naval vessels exchanging cannon fire (2½ x 6½ inches), text in two columns. One vertical and three horizontal folds. Edges mildly frayed with small losses; several small losses at fold intersections, slightly affecting woodcut and two words of text. Minor foxing, one light stain in woodcut (½ x ¾ inch). Very good. Matted. In a cloth chemise and blue half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

“...Now is the time to man your lines, / for the soldiers have left Boston.” A rare, large-format broadside containing two songs celebrating the British evacuation of Boston to General Washington’s army after a siege that had lasted from April 1775. Winslow noted that the large woodcut had previously been used on a broadside of 1745 describing the siege of Louisbourg. The first song begins: “In seventeen hundred and seventy six, / On March the eleventh, the time was prefix’d, / Our forces march’d on Dorchester Neck, / Made fortifications against an attack.” The supplies and munitions left by the departing British are mentioned, as is a fire set at Castle William during the evacuation. The poet concludes spiritedly: “Let ‘em go, let ‘em go, for what they will fetch, / I think their great Howe is a miserable wretch; / And as for his men, they are fools for their pains, / So let them return to Old England again.” The second song, in a different meter, comprises thirteen four-line stanzas. It commences with a remembrance of the Battle of Bunker Hill: “It wasn’t our will that Bunker-Hill, / From us should e’er be taken....” The American re-occupation of Bunker Hill is described, along with several scarecrows left by the British (to give the impression it was still garrisoned). Then: “The women come, and children run, / To brave Putnam rejoicing, / Saying now is the time to man your lines, / For the soldiers have left Boston.” The poet speculates on the British force’s destination: “Some say they’ve sail’d for Halifax, / And others for New-York...Where they are bound there’s none can tell, / But the great God on high, / May all our heads be covered well, / When cannon balls do fly.” A smaller format broadside of the same two songs, set in a different type but employing the same cut, is entitled, simply, On the Evacuation of Boston by the Brit- ish Troops. ESTC locates only three copies, at the Essex Institute, the American Antiquarian Society, and Princeton. SABIN 97588. BRISTOL B4385. SHIPTON & MOONEY 43179. FORD 2040. WE- GELIN 808. ESTC W38633. $17,500.

A Fundamental Work of Great Rarity on the American Revolution: The First Continental Printings of Common Sense, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and Many State Constitutions, Greatly Influenced by Franklin

8. [American Revolution]: [Genêt, Edmé-Jacques, editor]: AFFAIRES DE L’ANGLETERRE ET DE L’AMÉRIQUE. Anvers [i.e. Paris]. 1776- 1778. Six volumes. Complete collation available upon request. Contemporary French mottled calf, spines richly gilt with leather label. Extremities lightly rubbed. Bookplates on front endpapers. From the collection of the Ducs de Luynes. Very minor scattered foxing. Very good plus.

A monumental and fundamentally important set of documents tracing the early course of the American Revolution and events on the North American continent. Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique contains among the earliest, and in some cases the first, European printings of many of the most basic documents in American history, including the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, the Articles of Confederation, and several state constitutions. The series was produced by the French government in order to inform the French public of the origins and course of the American Revolution, and to build and justify support among the French aristocracy and bureaucracy for an eventual Franco-American alliance. With the crucial editorial assistance of Benjamin Franklin and John Adams, the Affaires... helped accomplish this goal, as well as providing the French people with their first taste of American democratic philosophy. Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique was actually produced by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was available from the French bookseller, Pissot. The false imprint and the anonymity maintained by the editor served to hide the fact that it was issued by the French government and helped maintain a facade of impartiality. The first issue appeared on May 4, 1776, and publication proceeded through October 1779 (the present run goes from the beginning to Feb., 1778). The series was edited by Edmé-Jacques Genêt, chief interpreter to the French Foreign Minister, Charles Gravier, the Comte de Vergennes. Genêt was the father of Edmund Charles “Citizen” Genêt, who later caused so much discord in French- American relations during his tenure as minister plenipotentiary to the United States in the 1790s. Edmé-Jacques Genêt produced a similar journal during the French and Indian War, using correspondents in Britain, Spain, and the German states to gather news and information on events in the various fields of battle. He called upon some of those same sources, and cultivated American contacts as well, for Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique. Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique contains some of the earliest appearances of many of the basic works of the Revolutionary era. The number of important publications contained in the journal is nevertheless remarkable, with many key works appearing in this first year. The Declaration of Independence appears in the Aug. 16, 1776 issue of the Affaires (in the “Banker’s Letter”) and is the first European printing of that landmark document, preceding other French and British printings by one to two weeks. Durand Echeverria mistakenly identifies a printing of the Declaration in the Aug. 30, 1776 edition of the Gazette de Leyde as the first French translation, missing its appearance a full two weeks earlier in the Affaires. Thomas Paine’s incredibly influential and wildly popular Common Sense was the first purely political essay published in the Affaires, appearing in the issue of June 15, 1776. It does not appear in a word-for-word translation, but Genêt reprinted the majority of Paine’s text, summarizing the sections he excluded. Gimbel notes only one other French language printing of Common Sense in 1776, bearing a Rotterdam imprint. A version of the Articles of Confederation, based on the July and August 1776 drafts fashioned by John Dickinson, appears in the third volume, received on Oct. 4, 1776. This is the earliest appearance of any form of the Articles outside the United States, though inaccurate (see Will Slauther’s article, cited below). The Constitution of New Jersey appears in Volume 4, followed by the Constitution of Delaware, the May 15, 1776 Constitution of Virginia, and the Constitution of South Carolina. The Constitution of Maryland appears in Volume 5. Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique was issued intermittently in parts. It can be bound in a varying number of volumes, and bibliographer Paul L. Ford calls it “one of the most intricate and puzzling studies in collation.” Howes notes that sets are made up of “twenty-four parts divided into fifteen volumes,” but are usually bound in seventeen volumes. Sabin concurs on twenty-four parts, while LeClerc catalogued an incomplete set of only thirteen parts. Ford throws out the notion of “parts” entirely, giving a complete collation in fifteen volumes. Obadiah Rich asserts that the series was “an imitation or translation of Almon’s Remembrancer,” but Sabin and Howes both correctly refute this utterly incorrect notion. Howes calls it a “counterpart” to the Remembrancer, while Sabin notes that it is “quite different” from Almon’s work. As we have noted, it is a wholly original collection of documents, assembled to provide close reports on the progress of the American Revolution and to pave the way toward the French alliance with the rebellious Americans. The present set is comprised of the first six volumes, which contain many of the key documents in their first European printings, and extends to shortly after the Franco-American alliance was signed on Feb. 8, 1778 (but to just before it was made public a few weeks later). “Essential for the Revolutionary period” – Sabin. “Of singular importance for the history of the period covered; but, owing to its rarity, and to the extreme bibliographical confusion in its parts and volumes, it has been singularly neglected as historical material” – Larned. “Collection des plus importantes pour la periode de la revolution des Etats-Unis” – LeClerc. A rare and fundamentally important collection of documents on the early years of the American Revolution, in many cases containing the earliest European printings of several iconic works of American history. HOWES A85, “b.” LeCLERC 2464. SABIN 491. JCB 1(III):2185. FORD, FRANKLIN BIBLIOGRAPHY 326. LARNED 1210. Laura Anne Bédard, Les Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amerique: A French Journal Covering the American Revolution from France (Unpublished Master’s Thesis, 1986), especially chapters 2 and 3 and appendices. Durand Echeverria, “French Publications of the Declaration of Independence and the American Constitutions, 1776-1783” in Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, Vol. 47, pp.313-38. Paul Leicester Ford, “Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique” in Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biog- raphy, 1889, pp.222-26 has the clearest collation. Will Slauter, “Constructive Misreadings: Adams, Turgot, and the American State Constitutions” in Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, Vol. 105, No. 1, pp.33-68. $37,500.

9. [American Revolution]: AMERICAN JOURNAL EXTRAORDI- NARY. FRIDAY, MARCH 19, 1779 [caption title]. [Providence]: Printed by Southwick and Wheeler, 1779. [2]pp. Quarto broadsheet, printed in two columns. Minor wear and soiling. Very good.

This extra, issued the day after the first issue of this newspaper, has intelligence extracted from “Yesterday’s Boston Paper” containing news from Pennsylvania that 14,000 freemen “have expressed, by petition and remonstrance, their disapproba- tion of any measures to disturb the execution of the present plan of government; a number which has never before appeared on any occasion in that State....” There is a long discussion of news concerning British peace feelers (what was called the Carlisle Commission after its leader, the Earl of Carlisle), who were proposing some limited autonomy for the Americans if they would relent in their revolution. The paper also contains news that the “post from Providence, brings an account...that a body of Negroes...had been attacked by a part of General Lincoln’s forces, and entirely routed; and that 1400 of this black corps of men were killed and taken.” Issued weekly from March 18, 1779 through January 27, 1781, thereafter semi- weekly through Aug. 29, 1781, the American Journal was the fourth newspaper to be published in Rhode Island and the second to be published in Providence. Solomon Southwick had published the Newport Mercury, but was forced to leave when the British occupied Newport in 1776. The American Antiquarian Society has a nearly consecutive run of this periodical, starting with the first issue on March 18 and running through July 12, 1780, but does not have a copy of this extra. The earliest issue held by the Library of Congress is April 15, 1779. Brigham shows only one holding of this extra, at Brown University. Rare. EVANS 16186. $6000.

10. [American Revolution]: [Political Satire]: [THE WORTHY DUTCH- MAN – EERWARDIGEN NEDERLANDER]. [Netherlands. 1780]. Engraving, 10 x 15 inches (plate mark) on a sheet 13½ x 17¾ inches. Very minor soiling. Fine. Matted.

This cartoon shows a wealthy Dutch merchant at center, surrounded by several artisans and tradespeople, all gathered around a trunk full of money bags. The central merchant figure empties coins into the apron of an artisan, while he holds up an unfriendly and dismissive hand toward a group of foreign nationals with bonds and treaties of alliance – Great Britain, France, and possibly America, are all represented. To the left, a man is being fitted with “Oeconomische Brillen” or “economic glasses,” a reference to the Dutch ability to see profit even in war. Be- hind the central figures gathered around the money chest, a woman with a spear, possibly the figure of Britannia, leads a column of men. In the foreground, the Dutch lion attacks England, in the form of a dog, upon which stands an angry rooster, symbolizing France. In the background, a temple containing Liberty is being toppled while various virtues float above it. In the background is a fleet of ships, all flying the Dutch flag, and Mercury – representing commerce – flies over them. The print is a warning against Dutch investments in British securities, on both economic and political grounds. A fine clean copy, with wide margins beyond the platemark. OCLC locates a copy at the University of Minnesota; other copies located at the American Anti- quarian Society, Colonial Williamsburg, and the British Library. A lovely copy of a scarce print. BRITISH LIBRARY CATALOG 5720. DOLMETSCH 67. $2750.

With an Early Paul Revere Engraving

11. Ames, Nathaniel: AN ASTRONOMICAL DIARY: OR, ALMA- NACK FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD CHRIST, 1766. Boston: Printed and sold by the Printers and Booksellers, [1765]. [24]pp., including a cut on page seventeen. Stitched. Small tape repairs on four leaves. First and last pages soiled, text evenly tanned. Foredges chipped, not affecting text. A good copy.

The self-styled “Second Edition” of this 1766 almanac by Nathaniel Ames, son of Dr. Nathaniel Ames, who started a popular and highly regarded series of almanacs in 1726. Ames continued writing the almanac after his father died in 1764, and continued until the beginning of the Revolutionary War. He was a successful doctor, ardent Anti-Federalist and local politician. This second edition contains a copy of a Paul Revere engraving that appeared in the first edition (which was issued by a different printer). The cut shows the position of the Sun, Moon, and Earth during an eclipse. Ames denies the claims of a rival almanac maker, Joseph Willard, that he had not planned on printing an almanac after his father’s death: “I propose to make my appearance before you annually, notwithstanding what some obscure persons would insinuate to the contrary ...for they have not only made use of my name, to impose upon the public, by prefixing it to their counterfeit almanacks, but have even advertised that I was not about to publish an almanack for this year, which the public knows to be false.” In response to the Stamp Act, Ames suggests that when the British government learns of the needs of the colonists that they will respond to their demands. DRAKE 3149. EVANS 9897. NAIP w029742. BRIGHAM, PAUL REVERE’S EN- GRAVINGS, p.133. $1000. An Arnold Letter from a Few Weeks Before His Plot is Unveiled, Requesting Horses for Courier Duty, Possibly to the English

12. Arnold, Benedict: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM BENEDICT ARNOLD TO THE ADJUTANT QUARTERMAS- TER GENERAL, REQUESTING FRESH HORSES]. Headquarters, Robinson House [Garrison, N.Y.]. Sept. 1, 1780. [1]p. Folio. Old fold lines. Minor wear and soiling, some separation starting at folds. About very good.

A letter written by General Benedict Arnold the day after receiving word that British General Henry Clinton had agreed to his price for turning his coat. In his letter, Arnold requests fresh horses to run express courier routes – some of which surely carried treasonous information to the British. He writes:

Sir, I have sent the brave Sergeant Pike for six or eight of the best horses you have in pasture for the purpose of relieving the light horse employed here to go express. With hard service and want of forage they are worn down & unfit for use. You will please to deliver him eight of the best horses you have if we can find so many that will answer. Also, a pair of the best waggon horses you have in lieu of two which were sent to me by Col. Hay who will not draw.

The letter was clearly drawn up in some haste, as there are several words stricken through where Arnold has changed his mind about phrasing or information. In June 1778, Washington placed Arnold in command of Philadelphia, where he lived and entertained extravagantly, and his private business dealings, haughty and dismissive behavior, and close association with the Shippens and other quasi- Loyalists excited the enmity and wrath of the Executive Council of Pennsylvania. On Feb. 3, 1779, a courier served him with a copy of eight formal charges filed against him by the Pennsylvania Council. Outraged, Arnold demanded a court martial to clear the allegations against him. “From this period began the plot that would end, eighteen months later, with Arnold’s defection to the British side.... He used those channels to inform General Henry Clinton, commanding the Brit- ish army, that he was ready to serve the Crown. He explained to Clinton that he had lost faith in the revolutionary cause when the United States allied itself with France. No evidence before May 1779 supports this claim. Clinton was cautious but interested in the chance that Arnold might betray a key point in American defenses. He left the matter in the hands of young staff officer, John André.” – ANB. By July Arnold had named his minimum price – £10,000 – and on August 1 became commander of the critical American fortress at West Point. By the time this letter was written, important information was passing from Arnold to Clinton, and the plot to betray West Point was well advanced. A wonderful letter, hastily written and clearly showing Arnold’s agitation as he slid deeper into infamy. $20,000.

A Classic of American Natural History and Travel

13. Bartram, William: TRAVELS THROUGH NORTH & SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA, EAST & WEST FLORIDA, THE CHER- OKEE COUNTRY, THE EXTENSIVE TERRITORIES OF THE MUSCOGULGES, OR CREEK CONFEDERACY, AND THE COUNTRY OF THE CHACTAWS [sic].... Philadelphia: James & Johnson, 1791. [2],xxxiv,[2],522pp. plus engraved frontispiece portrait of “Mico Chulcco the Long War- rior” by J. Trenchard after Bartram, engraved folding map, and seven engraved plates of natural history specimens (one folding). Contem- porary tree calf, spine ruled in gilt and with gilt morocco label. Bind- ing rubbed, joints worn, chipped at head of spine. Frontispiece creased. One plate with a two-inch long vertical closed tear and with a small chip in the upper margin, above the neat line; folding plate torn in upper margin, not affecting the illustration. Several instances of early ink marginalia, almost certainly in the hand of Lawrence Washington (see below). Text tanned, with occasional staining and foxing. A good copy. In a half morocco box.

The rare first edition of one of the classic accounts of southern natural history and exploration, with much material on the southern Indian tribes. This copy bears the ownership signature on the front free endpaper of Lawrence A. Washington (dated 1818), the nephew of George Washington. Lawrence Augus- tine Washington, (1775-1824), was the fourth son of George Washington’s younger brother, Samuel. When Samuel Washington died in 1781, the future president took it upon himself to provide for the education of his nephew, Lawrence, and for Lawrence’s older brother, George Steptoe Washington. Throughout the 1780s and early 1790s, Washington supervised and paid for their education in Alexandria, Virginia, and then at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, from which the two nephews graduated in 1792. While in Philadelphia, Lawrence Washington also studied law with Attorney General Edmund Randolph. He married Mary Dorcas Wood in 1797 and lived at Federal Hill, outside Winchester, Virginia. At George Washington’s death Lawrence and his brother, George, were absolved of all debts for their schooling, a sum of approximately five thousand dollars. George Washington also left his nephews a small portion of his estate in his will. For the period, Bartram’s work is unrivalled. He travelled several thousand miles through the Southeast in the years just prior to the American Revolution. “...Bartram wrote with all the enthusiasm and interest with which the fervent old Spanish friars and missionaries narrated the wonders of the new found world...he neglected nothing which would add to the common stock of human knowledge” – Field. “Unequalled for the vivid picturesqueness of its descriptions of nature, scenery, and productions” – Sabin. “The classic of southern natural history and exploration, with much on the southern Indian tribes. Bartram’s account of the remote frontier, of the plantations, trading posts, and Indian villages at the end of the eighteenth century is unrivaled” – Streeter. Includes a chapter concerning the customs and language of the Muscogulges and Cherokees. HOWES B223, “b.” CLARK I:197. EVANS 23159. SABIN 3870. VAIL 849. Coats, The Plant Hunters, pp.273-76. TAXONOMIC LITERATURE 329. STREETER SALE 1088. FIELD 94. PILLING, PROOF-SHEETS 301. SERVIES 669. $14,500.

A Contemporary Description of the Battle of Bunker Hill: The Loyalist Point of View

14. [Battle of Bunker Hill]: BOSTON, 26th OF JUNE, 1775. THIS TOWN WAS ALARMED ON THE 17th INSTANT AT BREAK OF DAY, BY A FIRING FROM THE LIVELY SHIP OF WAR; AND A REPORT WAS IMMEDIATELY SPREAD THAT THE REBELS HAD BROKE GROUND, AND WERE RAISING A BATTERY ON THE HEIGHTS OF THE PENINSULA OF CHARLESTOWN, AGAINST THE TOWN OF BOSTON [first line of text]. [Boston: Printed by John Howe, 1775]. Broadside, 12 x 6 inches (visible portion under mat). A few light fox marks. Fine. Matted and framed.

A broadside describing the action and praising the British victory at the Battle of Bunker Hill, printed by Loyalists in Boston a week after the battle. One week after the battle, this document – which accurately describes the action – was printed and circulated by John Howe, the same Loyalist printer who published General Gage’s account of the events of Apr. 19, 1775. The broadside relates a casualty count that has been heavily embroidered by the British, making this a tidy piece of propaganda to emphasize the fierce bravery and courage of the British forces:

The loss they [the Americans] sustained, must have been considerable, from the vast numbers they were seen to carry off during the action, exclusive of what they suffered from the shipping. About a hundred were buried the day after, and thirty found wounded on the field, some of which are since dead. About 170 of the King’s troops were killed, and since dead of their wounds; and a great many were wounded.

According to Boatner, American strength was about 3,000 with an estimated 140 dead and 601 wounded. British strength was about 2,500, and they lost about 45 percent of their troops; of the British officer casualties in the twenty battles fought during the Revolution, one eighth were killed and one sixth wounded at the Battle of Bunker Hill. The broadside concludes: “This action has shown the bravery of the King’s troops, who under every disadvantage, gained a compleat victory over three times their number, strongly posted, and covered by breastworks. But they fought for their King, their laws and constitution.” NAIP locates seven copies. A scarce and important broadside from the Ameri- can Revolution. STREETER SALE 760. EVANS 13842. FORD 1801. NAIP w009549. $25,000.

One of the First American Abolition Tracts

15. [Benezet, Anthony]: SERIOUS CONSIDERATIONS ON SEVERAL IMPORTANT SUBJECTS; viz. ON WAR AND ITS INCONSIS- TENCY WITH THE GOSPEL. OBSERVATIONS ON SLAVERY. AND REMARKS ON THE NATURE AND BAD EFFECTS OF SPIRITUOUS LIQUORS.... Philadelphia: Printed by Joseph Crukshank, 1778. 48pp. 12mo. Modern half calf and marbled boards. Two small institutional ink stamps in lower margin of verso of title. Early ownership signature on titlepage. Very good.

The French-born Benezet was the most prominent abolitionist in the American colonies in the second half of the 18th century, and he was a major spokesman for education and other Quaker causes as well. “During the 1770s Benezet published tracts on a variety of topics, from pacifism to temperance” – ANB. The present work is one of those tracts, discussing questions of just war (with reference to St. Augustine), temperance, and slavery. The high quality of the essays demonstrate Benezet’s wide-ranging learning. Quite interesting, an early American tract on temperance, and quite scarce in the market. ESTC W22146. EVANS 15737. HILDEBURN 3674. SABIN 4680. HOWES B348. ANB 2, pp.562-63. $1750.

16. [Bernard, Francis]: LETTERS TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE THE EARL OF HILLSBOROUGH, FROM GOVERNOR BER- NARD, GENERAL GAGE, AND THE HONORABLE HIS MAJ- ESTY’S COUNCIL FOR THE PROVINCE OF MASSACHU- SETTS-BAY. WITH AN APPENDIX CONTAINING DIVERS PROCEEDINGS REFERRED TO IN THE SAID LETTERS. Bos- ton: Edes and Gill, 1769. 83pp. Folio. 20th-century half calf and cloth. Small ex-library ink stamp on front pastedown, blind stamp on titlepage. Lightly toned, some scattered soiling. Last few leaves with lower margins lost, not affecting text. Very good.

First edition of this key Revolutionary tract. Letters written by Massachusetts colonial governor Francis Bernard to Lord Hillsbor- ough, the Secretary of State for the Colonies, complaining about the state of affairs in Mas- sachusetts. Bernard, who was governor in the 1760s, writes primarily about the quartering of troops in Boston, which was much opposed by the citizens and the Council. Bernard was replaced as governor by Thomas Hutchinson in 1769, after being burned in effigy. “Having failed in 1765 to enforce the Stamp Act, Bernard hoped to be more successful when Parliament passed the Townshend Acts in 1767. However, he failed to perceive accurately the determination of many in Massachusetts not to succumb to what they believed were unlawful acts of the British Parliament. On 11 Febru- ary 1768, following the passage of the new taxes, the Massachusetts General Court invited other colonial legislatures to join in protesting the new duties and in developing a method for circumventing them. This invitation, the Massachusetts Circular Letter, marked the beginning of the end of Bernard’s career as governor of Mas- sachusetts. Bernard perceived the letter as an unlawful challenge to the authority of the royal government and forwarded it to Lord Hillsborough, the secretary of state for the colonies. Hillsborough told Bernard to order the general assembly to revoke the letter. The legislature refused, and Bernard was forced to dissolve the assembly in July 1768. Believing that further trouble was coming, Bernard hinted in correspondence to his superiors that British troops might be needed in Boston to aid in the enforcement of imperial legislation. Several public intimidations of the customs commissioners by mobs produced the order for troops to be sent to Boston. Their arrival on 1 October 1768 led to a rise in the intensity of the arguments between the colonials and government authorities, an intensity that would eventually result in the Boston Massacre of March 1770. Luckily for Bernard, he was no longer in Massachusetts by 1770. “In April 1769 the editors of the Boston Gazette, Benjamin Edes and John Gill, acquired six of Bernard’s letters to Lord Hillsborough and published them in a pamphlet. In the letters, dated from 1 November to 5 December 1768, Bernard castigated the town of Boston and the General Court for refusing to obey a British law (the Quartering Act, 1766) to provide quarters for the troops that had recently arrived in Boston. Bernard wrote that the elected council, the upper house of the General Court, could no longer be depended on to support the Crown, and he urged the government to change the Massachusetts charter so that the council could be appointed directly by the king. Publication of these letters completely destroyed what remaining confidence the people had in Bernard. In their response, which also appeared in the pamphlet, the council stated that Governor Bernard had over- stepped the powers of his office and officially requested that he be removed. The royal government apparently believed that Bernard’s usefulness in Massachusetts was at an end, for they recalled him to London. Bernard left Boston on 1 August 1769, amid much rejoicing by the citizens of Boston” – ANB. In addition to this separate printing, this work was also published as part of the Massachusetts General Legislature’s journal of proceedings (see Evans). Only a handful of copies are recorded in ESTC. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 68d. EVANS 11332. HOWES B382, “aa.” SABIN 4924. $6500.

The First American Catholic Bible

17. [Bible – Catholic]: [Carey, Mathew]: THE HOLY BIBLE, TRANS- LATED FROM THE LATIN VULGATE: DILIGENTLY COM- PARED WITH THE HEBREW, GREEK, AND OTHER EDI- TIONS, IN DIVERS LANGUAGES; AND FIRST PUBLISHED BY THE ENGLISH COLLEGE AT DOWAY, ANNO 1609. NEWLY REVISED, AND CORRECTED, ACCORDING TO THE CLEM- ENTINE EDITION OF THE SCRIPTURES. WITH ANNOTA- TIONS FOR ELUCIDATING THE PRINCIPAL DIFFICULTIES OF HOLY WRIT. Philadelphia: Carey, Stewart, and Co., 1790. Two volumes bound in one. viii,487; 280,*281-*284,281-490pp. Thick quarto. Title- page with loss to outer edge of leaf, supplied in expert facsimile, affecting four letters of title and the end of the imprint line, and some words of the table of contents on verso. Moderate to heavy foxing throughout. Lacks pp.13-16 (first volume); pp.461-62, 469-90 (second volume), supplied in expert facsimile. Original calf boards, expertly rebacked in ornately tooled calf, leather label. Despite the flaws, a quite acceptable copy of one of the rarest of American Bibles.

A remarkable gathering of firsts in a single volume: the first Catholic Bible printed in the United States, the first Catholic Bible printed in any language in the New World, the first Bible printed in quarto format in the U.S., the first Bible printed by Mathew Carey, and the first minority-religion Bible printed in America. Catholics constituted only a small minority of the population of the United States in 1790. Even so, Mathew Carey, an exile from Ireland, believed that America could support the publication of an edition of the English Catholic Bible. He secured approximately 475 subscribers, and it is thought the print run did not exceed 500 copies. In 1954 a census of extant copies found thirty-five copies in public and private collections. While the number of copies today may perhaps be forty-five, the volume’s continuing rarity may be understood when one realizes that the Vatican Library did not possess a copy until 1979. With good reason, Margaret Hills describes this edition as “the rarest of the notable early American editions of the Bible.” A significant edition both in the history of Bible printing and the history of publishing in the United States. EVANS 22349. PARSONS 87. HILLS 23. HERBERT 1343. RUMBALL-PETRIE 168. O’CALLAGHAN, pp.34-35. $12,500.

The “Gun-Wad” Bible

18. [Bible in German]: [Saur, Christopher]: BIBLIA, DAS IST: DIE HEI- LIGE SCHRIFT ALTES UND NEUES TESTAMENTS, NACH DER TEUTSCHEN UEBERSETZUNG D. MAR- TIN LUTHERS MIT JEDES CAPITELS FURT- ZEN SUMMARIEN, AUCH BENGEFÜGTEN VIELEN UND RICHTIGEN PARALLELEN.... Germantown: Christoph Saur, 1776. [4],992,277,[3]pp. Quarto. Contemporary calf over wooden boards, clasps lacking. Hinges cracked but solid, extremities worn. Light foxing and soiling, moderate wear to first and last few leaves. Good. In a custom cloth box, gilt leather label.

The third edition of the first European-language Bible printed in America, famously known as the “Gun-Wad Bible,” after its use in the American Revolutionary War as cartridge paper during the Battle of Germantown. It is also notable for being the first Bible printed from type cast in America. Reputed to have been printed in an edition of 3000 copies, most are said to have been destroyed by the British during the battle. The present edition was printed by Christopher Saur II, son of Christoph Saur the elder, a native of Wittgenstein, Germany. The elder Saur emigrated to Germantown, Pennsylvania and practiced medicine before turning to printing. It was he who printed the 1743 first edition; the son then printed a second edition in 1763. EVANS 14663. HILDEBURN 3336. SABIN 5194. $4000.

19. [Brookshaw, Richard, attributed to]: JOHN PAUL JONES, COM- MANDER OF A SQUADRON IN THE SERVICE OF THE THIR- TEEN UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA, 1779 [caption title]. [N.p. ca. 1779]. Mezzotint, 14 x 10 inches. Matted. Trimmed to the plate mark. Minor dust-soiling, mild staining to bottom edge, not affecting the caption. Very good.

A stunning portrait of John Paul Jones, the father of the American Navy, and the source of one of the greatest quotes of the American Revolution, “I have not yet begun to fight.” Jones allegedly uttered the line after being asked to surrender while his ship, the Bon Homme Richard, was sinking. “Commissioned a lieutenant in the Continental Navy by Congress in 1775, John Paul Jones, a Scotsman by birth, soon proved himself exceptional in both seamanship and courage. The DAB describes Jones as ‘homely, small, thin, and active,’ but his size and stature never detracted from his proud bearing” (Creswell). CRESSWELL 132. $6000.

Burgoyne’s Account of His Defeat at Saratoga

20. Burgoyne, John: A STATE OF THE EXPEDITION FROM CAN- ADA, AS LAID BEFORE THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, BY LIEUTENANT-GENERAL BURGOYNE, AND VERIFIED BY EVIDENCE; WITH A COLLECTION OF AUTHENTIC DOCU- MENTS.... London. 1780. viii,140,lxii pp., plus [1]p. entitled “Advertise- ment,” five partially colored folding plans (two with overlays), and folding map. Large quarto. Mid-20th-century three-quarter morocco and cloth, spine gilt, a.e.g. Folding maps and plans backed with linen, excepting the final plan; some light scattered foxing and soiling. Minor scattered foxing to text. Very good.

The first edition of Burgoyne’s defense of his conduct as commander of the Brit- ish expedition down the Hudson Valley from Canada in 1777. Intended to cut the New England colonies off from the rest of rebellious America, the expedition ended in disaster at Saratoga, where American forces soundly defeated Burgoyne and forced his capitulation. Herein Burgoyne answers the inquiry of the House of Commons, demonstrating that the forces he was given were not sufficient to accomplish the task. This is the most important source for information about the campaign, illustrated with excellent maps and plans. The “Plan of the Encamp- ment and Position of the Army under His Excelly. Lt. General Burgoyne at Swords House on Hudson’s River near Stillwater...” depicts, among other particulars, the “First and Second Positions of that part of the Army engaged on the 19th of Sep- tember.” Tipped to the margin of that plan, as an overlay, is a section of a similar map depicting the “Third and Fourth Positions...” of the Army on that same date. The “Plan of the Encampment and Position of the Army under his Excelly. Lt. General Burgoyne at Braemus Heights...” also has an overlay tipped to the margin of the plan indicating the position of Burgoyne’s Army on Oct. 8. On the printed plan beneath the overlay is indicated the General’s camp from Sept. 20 to Oct. 7. STREETER SALE 794. LANDE 69. TPL 503. SABIN 9255. HOWES B968, “aa.” $9000.

21. [Burke, William]: THE LETTERS OF VALENS, (WHICH ORIGI- NALLY APPEARED IN THE London Evening Post) WITH COR- RECTIONS, EXPLANATORY NOTES, AND A PREFACE. London. 1777. [2],ii,xv,160,4pp. Modern half calf and marbled boards. Crisp and clean internally. Very good plus.

“These letters, concerning the war in America, appeared in the London Evening Post in 1775 and 1776. Here the text is revised. They were attributed to William, Richard, and Edmund Burke by John Almon in his Biographical, Literary, and Po- litical Anecdotes (London, 1797), 2:347. Jeremy Bentham, in his annotated copy now in the British Library, seems to suggest that he believed Edmund to have been the principal author. The extent of the contribution of each of the three Burkes is not clear, but the Library of Congress lists the pamphlet under William” – Adams. ESTC T38523. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 77-20. TODD 26. SABIN 98349. $1000.

Classic Travel Narrative

22. Burnaby, Andrew: TRAVELS THROUGH THE MIDDLE SETTLE- MENTS IN NORTH-AMERICA. IN THE YEARS 1759 AND 1760. WITH OBSERVATIONS UPON THE STATE OF THE COLO- NIES. London. 1775. viii,106,[1]pp. Quarto. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, gilt leather label. Lightly foxed. Very good plus.

The first edition of Burnaby’s highly regarded travel account, generally considered one of the best accounts of America from its period. Burnaby arrived in Williamsburg in May of 1759 while on an excursion to the back country, and spent almost a year there. During his return trip he visited Mount Vernon, and includes a warm notice of Washington. In the spring of 1760 he made another trip to the Blue Ridge, then north through Maryland to Philadelphia, where he stopped for a month, and to New York for the same period. He then sailed to Newport and went overland to Boston. “Valuable as exhibiting a view of the colonies immediately preceding the Revolutionary War” – Sabin. HOWES B995, “aa.” SABIN 9359. CLARK II:7. $1000.

23. [Bushe, Gervase P.]: THE CASE OF GREAT-BRITAIN AND AMERICA, ADDRESSED TO THE KING, AND BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT. Philadelphia. 1769. [2],16pp. Late 19th-century pat- terned paper wrapper. Foxing and toning. About very good.

Evans and Howes attribute authorship, but Adams lists this pamphlet under its title. Whoever was responsible, the tract urges that England abandon the idea of colonial taxation and allow America greater self government, arguing that this policy would benefit England more in the end. Originally published in London in 1768, this is the first American edition. Relatively scarce. HOWES B1039, “aa.” AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 64d. EVANS 11193. HILDE- BURN 2423. ESTC W37321. SABIN 9637. $1250.

Important Survey of the Sugar Trade

24. [Campbell, John]: CANDID AND IMPARTIAL CONSIDER- ATIONS ON THE NATURE OF THE SUGAR TRADE; THE COMPARATIVE IMPORTANCE OF THE BRITISH AND FRENCH ISLANDS IN THE WEST-INDIES: WITH THE VALUE AND CONSEQUENCE OF ST. LUCIA AND GRANADA, TRULY STATED.... London. 1763. [4],228pp. plus two folding maps and one folding plan, all handcolored. Half title. Modern three-quarter calf, leather spine label, raised bands. Some scattered light foxing. Very good.

A detailed survey of the important West Indian sugar trade. The illustrations include “A Map of the Caribbee Islands and Guayana,” “The Harbour of Calivenie on the S.E. End of the Island of Granada...,” and a plan of Fort Royal. Such detailed maps of the Caribbean in this period are unusual. The prolific author, who wrote frequently on economic topics, advocates increasing British holdings by not returning St. Lucia and Grenada to the French in the 1763 peace settlement. The British did give them back, and got Canada instead. “This work is a classic in the field of colonial and Caribbean literature, embodying as it does one of the clearest statements of eighteenth-century philosophy regarding the relations which should exist between a metropole and its outlying possessions” – Ragatz. SABIN 10232. RAGATZ, p.284. BEINECKE LESSER ANTILLES COLLECTION 246. JCB (I)3:1378. KRESS 6081. $1750.

No Mercy for Deserters

25. Carleton, Guy: [LETTER, SIGNED, FROM GENERAL GUY CAR- LETON TO GENERAL CLARKE, REGARDING DESERTERS AT THE CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR; TOGETH- ER WITH A DOCUMENT SIGNED BY GENERAL FREDERICK MACKENZIE ON THE SAME SUBJECT]. New York. May 15, 1783. 2pp. Letter has integral blank. Folio. Old fold lines. Minor soiling and wear. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth clamshell box, spine gilt.

Letter, signed by Brigadier General Guy Carleton, written to Brigadier General Alured Clarke regarding clemency for deserters from the British Army at the end of the American Revolution; together with orders for General Clarke from Deputy Adjutant General Frederick Mackenzie, dated May 14th, to deny any deserters wishing to return to the ranks. At the time, Carleton, who was Commander in Chief of all British forces in North America, was overseeing the evacuation of the British forces and Loyalists from New York, a process that would last until November. He writes:

I enclose a copy of an order [not present] I have given here relative to deserters: Such as come in and surrender themselves to the officer commanding at any of our posts, shall be pardoned in like manner. You will take such measures for the transportation of the sick from Philadelphia to this place, as, from their numbers and other circumstances, you shall judge most convenient and advis- able, paying some attention to their own wishes.”

The order from General Mackenzie, however, is far less forgiving and countermands Carleton’s order:

The Commander in Chief has so far pardoned several English deserters, as to allow them to return within the lines, and to send them home; but their dishonor is not done away. No regiment here shall receive them, nor shall they again serve in this army. ’Tis recommended to the soldiers of every British, and to the soldiers of every British American Corps, to kick all such rascals out of their quarters, should they have the impudence to come in among them.

$2500.

Third and Best Edition

26. Carver, Jonathan: TRAVELS THROUGH THE INTERIOR PARTS OF NORTH AMERICA, IN THE YEARS 1766, 1767, AND 1768.... London. 1781. [4],22,[22],543,[21]pp. plus frontispiece portrait, five plates (four colored) and two partially colored folding maps. Antique-style three- quarter calf and marbled boards, leather label. Maps backed with linen. In- ternally clean. Very good.

A classic of American travel, in the third and best edition, with expanded text, a biographical sketch of the author, an index, and the added plate of the tobacco plant not found in the first two editions. Carver travelled farther west than any English- man before the Revolution, going as far as the Dakotas, exploring the headwaters of the Mississippi, and passing over the Great Lakes. The text contains the first published mention of the word “Oregon.” The author comments on the Indians he encountered, as well as offering observations on natural history. The tobacco plant plate is handsomely colored. An important source book and stimulus for later explorers, especially Mackenzie and Lewis and Clark. This is the second issue, according to Howes, with the index. HOWES C215, “b.” FIELD 251. SABIN 11184. VAIL 670. GREENLY 21. $5000.

Extremely Rare View of Charleston in 1776

27. [Charleston, South Carolina]: A N.b.E. VIEW OF THE FORT ON THE WESTERN END OF SULIVANS ISLAND WITH THE DIS- POSITION OF HIS MAJESTY’S FLEET COMMODORE SIR PETER PARKER Knt. &c. &c. &c. DURING THE ATTACK ON THE 28th OF JUNE 1776. WHICH LASTED 9 HOURS AND 40 MINUTES. London: William Faden, Aug. 10, 1776. Engraving, 12 x 19½ inches. Small old ink stamp on verso. Near fine.

A profile view of Sullivan’s Island, the main fort guarding the mouth of the Charleston harbor, with a key indicating the main features, ship locations, and gun emplace- ments. Below the view is a separate plate-mark with an engraved dedication: “To Commodore Sir Peter Parker Knt. &c. &c. &c. This View is most humbly dedicated and presented by Lt. Colonel Thos. James Rl. Rt. of Artillery June 30th, 1776.” In the spring of 1776, South Carolina was in the firm possession of the American patriots, which the British were determined to challenge. They dispatched a fleet of twenty ships under Commodore Peter Parker, with the mission under the overall command of Major General Sir Henry Clinton. The ships moored in Five Fathom Hole, and landed on Long Island, which lay to the north of Sullivan’s Island. Meanwhile, practical considerations indicated that the Patriot defenders were in considerable trouble. Led by Col. William Moultrie, the Americans were short of experienced troops and ammunition. Fort Sullivan, located on the southern tip of the island of the same name, had to be held, otherwise Charleston would fall. While the elegant plan of the fort, located in the inset at the upper left of the map, makes it appear to be a well designed bastion, it was in reality cobbled together with palmetto logs. Moultrie had a total of 1,125 men against 2,900 British marines. More worryingly, the fort had only twenty-six guns, with only twenty-eight rounds of ammunition per gun against the British fleet’s 270 well stocked cannon. Fortunately for the Americans, the British proceeded to make a series of strategic errors. Clinton, who relied on information given by harbor pilots who were press- ganged into service, spent days looking for a non-existent ford between Long and Sullivan’s Island, which in reality was prevented by the presence of a seven-foot deep channel. This bought the Americans time, allowing Col. William Thomson to fortify the northern tip of the island. On June 28th the British mounted their full on naval assault of the fort. Moultrie wisely rationed and synchronized the use of his limited firepower, so that the British met heavier than expected resistance. Unfamiliar with the tidal shoals that lay near the fort, the British ships were unable to sail in close enough to the fort to deliver lethal blows, while remaining in range of the American guns. Amazingly, many of the British rounds which did strike the fort were harmlessly absorbed into the structure’s spongy palmetto logs. The British flagship H.M.S. Bristol took heavy losses, and another ship ran aground and had to be abandoned. Another British attempt to storm Thomson’s northern positions with a raid by long boats was easily repelled. The British were forced to completely withdraw, and promptly set sail for New York. A handsome view of this important battle, in beautiful condition, by Faden, who produced so many of the most important Revolutionary War maps in the next several years. CRESSWELL 606. $15,000.

28. Chastellux, François J.: VOYAGE DE MR. LE CHEVALIER DE CHASTELLUX EN AMÉRIQUE. [Paris]. 1785. 191pp. 12mo. Contem- porary half morocco and paper boards. Corners rubbed. Internally clean and fresh. Untrimmed. Near fine.

The elusive second issue of this work, preceded by the ultra-rare Newport edition of 1781. The publication of this edition was not approved by the author, who was preparing a more elaborate production which was issued the following year, incorporating many additions and changes. The narrative describes the author’s experiences in America in 1780 and 1781. “One of the most notable travel accounts of the Revolutionary period not only because of Chastellux’s keen observation and the directness of his narrative but also because of his acute comments on society and the character of the people in different walks of life” – Clark. A rare copy of an important work. HOWES C324, “aa.” SABIN 12226. MONAGHAN 404 (both for the octavo 1785 ed). CLARK I:212 (other eds). $2000.

29. [Constitutions]: THE CHARTERS OF THE BRITISH COLONIES IN AMERICA. London: Printed for J. Almon..., [1775?]. 142pp. Late 19th- century three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Hinges cracked but holding, binding worn. Library ink stamps to titlepage, first and last leaves of text; minor soiling else. Good.

Reprinted from the 1766 edition, which Howes calls the “first collected edition of these colonial charters.” Includes those of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Georgia, as well as the first charter granted to Massachusetts Bay. Adams dates this to 1775, while Howes dates it 1774. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-23a. HOWES C310. ESTC T120493. SABIN 12162. $1250. 30. [Constitutions]: Jackson, William, arranger: THE CONSTITUTIONS OF THE SEVERAL INDEPENDENT STATES OF AMERICA; THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE; AND THE AR- TICLES OF CONFEDERATION BETWEEN THE SAID STATES. TO WHICH ARE NOW ADDED, THE DECLARATION OF RIGHTS... London: Printed for J. Stockdale, 1783. [4],xxix,[3],472,[4]pp. Portrait of Washington. Contemporary calf, gilt morocco label. Boards edgeworn, spine rubbed, front hinge cracked. Very clean internally. Good. In a cloth chemise and half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

Designated “second edition” on the titlepage. The present edition is particularly interesting for the important treaties relating to the United States which it includes. The two French treaties of 1778 are reprinted first, followed by one of the first printings (certainly the first English) of the American-Dutch treaty of June 7, 1782. This commercial treaty was the first concluded by the United States with any power other than France, and opened the door to essential Dutch loans to the United States. Finally, there is a printing of the Provisional Articles signed by the U.S. and Great Britain on November 30, 1782, which with very minor changes became the final treaty signed the next year. These were first made public at the end of January, 1783. The present edition probably appeared in May, 1783. SABIN 16088. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 83-53b. HOWES C716. MATYAS 83- 02. COHEN 3020. $3800.

The Declaration of Taking Up Arms, in the Philadelphia and London Editions

31. [Continental Congress]: A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESEN- TATIVES OF THE UNITED COLONIES OF NORTH-AMER- ICA, NOW MET IN GENERAL CONGRESS AT PHILADEL- PHIA, SETING [sic] FORTH THE CAUSES AND NECESSITY OF THEIR TAKING UP ARMS. Philadelphia: William and Thomas Bradford, 1775. [2],13pp. [bound with:] THE DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED COLONIES OF NORTH AMERICA, NOW MET IN GENERAL CONGRESS AT PHILA- DELPHIA, SETTING FORTH THE CAUSES AND NECESSITY OF TAKING UP ARMS.... London. 1775. 32pp. 19th-century red three- quarter morocco and marbled boards. Hinges and corners lightly rubbed, front hinge tender. Loss to top of half title, repaired. Small closed-tear repair to half title; top portion of titlepage neatly repaired. Quite clean internally. About very good. See rear cover of this catalogue for illustration.

The rare first edition of this important Revolutionary document, the declaration of Congress issued July 6, 1775, giving reasons for taking up arms, together with the first British edition. The London edition of this important collection of Con- gressional papers includes the declaration of Congress issued July 6, 1775, giving reasons for taking up arms; the address to the twelve colonies on July 8 calling for support; and the Olive Branch Petition, the last attempt at conciliation. The first document appeared in several American editions before the British, but none combined with the Olive Branch petition. “This London edition was secretly issued, with no printer shown, as propaganda for American sympathizers” – Howes. HOWES D198, “b.” EVANS 14544. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-149a. British edition: AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-149b. ESTC T121380. $98,000.

The Culmination of the First Continental Congress

32. [Continental Congress]: [American Revolution]: TO THE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN FROM THE DELEGATES APPOINTED BY THE SEVERAL ENGLISH COLONIES...TO CONSIDER OF THEIR GRIEVANCES IN GENERAL CONGRESS AT PHILA- DELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 5th, 1774. London. 1775. 16pp. Folded sheets, stitched. From the library of James Copley. Very good. In a half morocco box.

This pamphlet marks one of the critical moments in the American Revolution, the final resolution of the First Continental Congress, passed on October 21, 1774, the day the Congress dissolved. In it, the delegates of the Congress seek to rally support from the British public, stating the colonial reasons for the discord with Great Britain, especially the Intolerable Acts passed from March to June, 1774. The resolution appeals to public sentiment in England to support the American cause. It represents one of the last efforts to appeal for a peaceful solution before open war began the following spring. The First Continental Congress adjourned on October 26, 1774, having ordered the Philadelphia edition printed (only one copy is known of this printing). The text reached England in the latter part of December, and given its importance, was probably printed almost immediately. The resolution appeals to the public, saying, “You have been told that we are seditious, impatient of government, and desirous of independency. Be assured that these are not facts, but calumnies. Permit us to be as free as yourselves, and we shall ever esteem a union with you to be our greatest glory and our greatest happiness, we shall ever be ready to contribute all in our power to the welfare of the Empire.” The letter later appeared in the Extracts of the Votes and Proceedings... of the First Continental Congress as well as in their Journal. ESTC T136331. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-86b. SABIN 95960. $12,500.

A Complete Set of the Journals of Congress

33. [Continental Congress]: [COMPLETE SET OF THE JOURNALS OF CONGRESS. CONTAINING THE PROCEEDINGS FROM SEPT. 5 1774 TO THE 3rd DAY OF NOVEMBER, 1788. PUB- LISHED BY ORDER OF CONGRESS]. Philadelphia. 1777-1788. Fourteen volumes. 19th-century green calf and marbled boards, spines gilt with leather labels. Rubbed at extremities; a few volumes with slight wear to head or foot of spine; some corners worn. Contemporary ownership inscription in three volumes. Titlepage of volume five with some staining and loss (likely from removed ownership markings); backed with heavier paper; all but volumes two, four, and six below with similar loss, repaired, no staining. Light toning and foxing. Overall, a very good set.

A complete set of the Journals of the Continental Congress, remarkably difficult to assemble. These Journals contain the most vital documents from the Revolutionary period through the end of the Confederacy, and culminate with the adoption of the Federal Constitution in 1788. They are an essential basis for any comprehensive collection of the Revolution and early National period. This set, besides the customary thirteen volumes, contains a variant edition for the year 1780. Volumes one and three are signed on the titlepage by Henry Marchant, Attorney General of Rhode Island 1771-77, and their delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779, during which time he signed the Articles of Confederation. Volume two has the signature of Joseph McIlvane, an officer in the Pennsylvania Line from Bucks County, Pa. Shortly after the Declaration of Independence, Congress recognized the necessity of publishing its proceedings on a timely basis. These volumes appeared in more or less annual volumes, but in inconsistent formats and from different printers: Robert Aitken, John Patterson, David Claypoole, and John Dunlap. A tradition had already been established by the separate publication of the Journals of the first and second Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1775. The first volume of this series, begun after the Declaration of Independence, reprinted those journals, and was issued concurrently with the second volume, both appearing from the press of Robert Aitken in 1777. The second volume included a printing of the Declaration. John Patterson issued the third volume in 1778 and the seventh volume in 1787. David Claypoole was the printer of the fourth, fifth, and eighth volumes of the present set. Dunlap, printer of the original Declaration broadside, issued the sixth volume in 1786 and resumed as the printer for the ninth through the thirteenth volumes. The volumes issued thus cover the entire span of the Continental Congress, beginning in 1774, through the Revolutionary years, and on to the period from the Peace in 1783 to the adoption of the Constitution. The final session sat through November 1788, and the new federal government began in April 1789. The dates, printers, years of publication, and pagination of the individual volumes, follow:

1) 1774-76. Aitken. 1777. [2],310,[12]pp. EVANS 15683. 2) 1776. Aitken. 1777. [2],513,[1]pp. No index. EVANS 15684. 3) 1777. Patterson. [1778]. [2],603,xxii pp. EVANS 21527. 4) 1778. Claypoole. [1779]. [2],748,[4],lxxxix pp. EVANS 16584. 5) 1779. Claypoole. 1782. 464,[15],lxxiv pp. No index. EVANS 17766. 6) 1780. Claypoole. [1780]. 403,xxxviii,[3]pp. EVANS 17026-17037. 7) 1780. Dunlap. [1786]. 257,xliii pp. EVANS 20079. 8) 1781. Patterson. 1787. 48,[10],49-522,[17],lxxix pp. EVANS 20773. 9) 1783. Claypoole. 1783. 483,xxxvi pp. EVANS 18266. 10) 1784. Dunlap. [1784]. 317pp. No index. [bound with]: [Journals for June 1784 to August 1784]. 47,xvii pp. EVANS 18840. 11) 1785. Dunlap. 1785. 368,xxvi pp. EVANS 19316. 12) 1786. Dunlap. 1786. 267,xvi pp. EVANS 20068. 13) 1787. Dunlap. 1787. 255,[9]pp. EVANS 20772. 14) 1788. Dunlap. 1788. 170,xcviii,[2],xi pp. EVANS 21526.

The Journals are one of the most vital records of the Revolutionary and Confederation period. A complete set such as this is virtually unobtainable today. A foundation document of the American Republic. EVANS 15683, 15684, 21527, 16584, 17766, 20079, 20773, 18226, 18840, 19316, 20068, 20772, 21526. DAB XI, p.327. MATYAS, DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, 77- 09A. $57,500.

The Yorktown Edition of the Journals of Congress

34. [Continental Congress]: JOURNALS OF CONGRESS. CONTAIN- ING THE PROCEEDINGS FROM JANUARY 1, 1776, TO JANU- ARY 1, 1777. York-town, Pa.: Printed by John Dunlap, 1778. [2],520,xxviipp. Contemporary paper boards, spine with paper loss, front board detached. Con- temporary ownership inscription of Solon Stevens on front fly leaf. Light, even toning. Some minor soiling. Very good, in original unsophisticated condition. In a red half morocco and cloth box, spine gilt.

This volume of the Journals of Congress is one of the rarest of the series issued from 1774 to 1788, and has a peculiar and romantic publication history. Textually it covers the exciting events of 1776, culminating with the Declaration of Inde- pendence on July 4, an early printing of which appears here, as well as all of the other actions of Congress for the year. It is thus a vital document in the history of American independence and the American Revolution. Through the middle of 1777 the printer of the Journals of Congress was Robert Aitken of Philadelphia. In 1777 he published the first issue of the Journals for 1776, under his own imprint. This was completed in the spring or summer. In the fall of 1777 the British campaign under Howe forced the Congress to evacuate Philadelphia, moving first to Lancaster and then to York, Pennsylvania. The fleeing Congress took with it what it could, but, not surprisingly, was unable to remove many copies of its printed Journals, which would have been bulky and difficult to transport. Presumably, any left behind in Philadelphia were destroyed by the Brit- ish, accounting for the particular scarcity of those volumes today. Among the material evacuated from Philadelphia were the printed sheets of pages 1-424 of the 1776 Journals, printed by Aitken. Having lost many complete copies in Philadelphia, and not having the terminal sheets to make up more copies, Congress resolved to reprint the remainder of the volume. Aitken had not evacuated his equipment, but John Dunlap, the printer of the original Declaration, had. Congress thus appointed Dunlap as the new printer to Congress on May 2, 1778. Dunlap then reprinted the rest of the volume (coming out to a slightly different pagination from Aitken’s version). He added to this a new titlepage, under his imprint at York, with a notice on the verso of his appointment as printer to Congress. This presumably came out between his appointment on May 2 and the return of Congress to Philadelphia in July 1778. Because of Dunlap’s name on the titlepage, it has often been erroneously assumed that this volume contains a printing of the Declaration of Independence by Dunlap. In fact, that appears in the section of the original Aitken printing. Evans has further muddied the waters by the ghost entry of Evans 15685, ascribing a Dunlap, York printing to 1777. In fact, there is only one Dunlap version, Evans 16137, with the 1778 date. A great Revolutionary rarity. EVANS 15685, 16137. HILDEBURN 3727. NAIP w020598. MATYAS, DECLARA- TION OF INDEPENDENCE 77-09B. $24,000.

With Maps of Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard

35. [Crèvecoeur, Michel Guillaume St. Jean]: LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN FARMER; DESCRIBING CERTAIN PROVINCIAL SITUATIONS, MANNERS, AND CUSTOMS, NOT GENERALLY KNOWN; AND CONVEYING SOME IDEA OF THE LATE AND PRESENT INTERIOR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE BRITISH COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA.... London. 1782. [14],318pp. plus two folding maps and [2]pp. of advertisements. Half title. Modern half pigskin and marbled boards, leather label. Spine sunned. Titlepage and half title somewhat soiled, scattered minor foxing or soiling. Very good.

First printing of this important and greatly influential work. Crèvecoeur came to America during the French and Indian War and served with the French forces. Afterwards he settled in the British colonies, becoming a farmer. This work, which describes his experiences in America, is justly famous for its vivid picture of a colonial world slipping into the chaos of war, revolution, and nationhood. Two of the essays, “What is an American?” and “Distresses of a Frontier Man,” particularly address the confusion of the times. Crèvecoeur gives a negative assessment of slavery in his section on South Carolina, and one of the “letters” is written from Culpeper County, Virginia. There is also much on the natural history of British North America, and ethnographic information on American Indians. Also notable are Crèvecoeur’s account of Nantucket, and the excellent maps of that island and Martha’s Vineyard. “As literature unexcelled by any American work of the eighteenth century” – Howes. Certainly one of the chief works of literature, and one of the most important observations on America during the era of the Revolution. HOWES C883, “b.” CLARK I:218. STREETER SALE 711. SABIN 17496. MONA- GHAN 497. MEISEL III, p.352. $4250.

36. Deane, Silas: AN ADDRESS TO THE FREE AND INDEPEN- DANT CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH- AMERICA. Hartford. 1784. 30pp. Modern red half morocco and cloth, spine gilt. Contemporary ownership inscription on titlepage. Minor toning. Near fine.

Deane has come to be recognized as a martyr to the American cause in the Revolu- tion, although he died a maligned and exiled bankrupt. A prosperous Connecticut merchant, he went with Franklin and Arthur Lee as commissioners to France in 1778. After the signing of the French treaty he was recalled by Congress on the basis of accusations by Lee that he had taken gifts from the French and misused funds. Unable to defend himself without the necessary documents, he returned to Europe to obtain them, only to become embroiled in further difficulties when his pessimistic private letters to friends, suggesting that the Americans give up the struggle for independence, became public. His life thereafter was an attempt to justify himself from exile; this pamphlet is one of his leading self-defenses. DAB V:174. SABIN 19063. EVANS 18438. HOWES D172, “aa.” $1250.

First English Book Printing of the Declaration

37. [Declaration of Independence]: THE ANNUAL REGISTER, OR A VIEW OF THE HISTORY, POLITICS, AND LITERATURE, FOR THE YEAR 1776. London: Printed for J. Dodsley, in Pall-Mall, 1777. iv, 192,113-270,[2],259,[9]pp. Contemporary polished calf, gilt leather labels. Modern bookplate and inscription on front pastedown. Very minor toning, negligible foxing. Near fine.

Includes what is generally considered the first printing in an English book of the Declaration of Independence, on pages 261-270. Also includes notices of the progress of the Revolution in America, with troop movements, etc. “This most valuable record and chronicle of historical and political events for over a hundred years contains accurate accounts of the Revolutionary War...” – Sabin. SABIN 1614. ESTC T212983. $2250.

The Force Printing of the Declaration of Independence

38. [Declaration of Independence]: [Force, Peter]: IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776. THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIR- TEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA...[caption title]. [Washing- ton: Peter Force, 1848, but actually 1843]. Broadside, 29½ x 25 inches, printed on parchment. Some faint offsetting and minor foxing. Near fine. Matted.

The Declaration of Independence, the foundation document of the United States, has been printed myriad times since its original publication in 1776. At first as broadsides, then as an essential addition to any volume of laws, it was from the beginning a basic work in the American canon. The present document is from one of the earliest broadside reproductions of the Declaration, done within a few years of the first broadside republications. In the period following the War of 1812, Americans began to look back, for the first time with historical perspective, on the era of the founding of the country. The republic was now forty years old, and the generation of the American Revolution, including the signers of the Declaration, was dropping away. With nostalgia and curiosity, many Americans began to examine the details of the nation’s founding. Among other things, such documents as the debates of the Constitutional Conven- tion were published for the first time. It seemed extraordinary that the Declara- tion of Independence, as created, was unknown to Americans, when the text was so central to the national ego. Several entrepreneurs set out to bridge this gap by printing reproductions of the document, often featuring calligraphic text, portraits, or other decorative flourishes. The most accurate of these early reproductions was an official facsimile, sponsored by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and created by William J. Stone in 1823. Stone used a wet transfer process to make an exact facsimile of the Declaration (then kept in the State Department), printed actual-size on parchment. Bidwell calls this facsimile “a magnificent replica,” and it is from this facsimile (likely from Stone’s original copper plate) that Peter Force made the present facsimile of the Declaration of Independence, printed in 1843 and published in the fifth series of his American Archives in 1848. It is an exact facsimile of the actual Declaration, on a slightly smaller scale, accurately reproducing the restrained force of the original document. A most desirable, attractive, and scarce facsimile of the Declaration of Inde- pendence. John Bidwell, “American History in Image and Text” in Proceedings of the American Anti- quarian Society, Vol. 98, 1988, pp.247-302 (also issued as a separate pamphlet by AAS); item 7 (note). $30,000.

The “earliest serious study into colonial legal rights” – Howes

39. [Dickinson, John]: LETTERS FROM A FARMER IN PENNSYL- VANIA, TO THE INHABITANTS OF THE BRITISH COLONIES. Philadelphia: Printed by David Hall and William Sellers, 1768. 71pp. An- tique-style three-quarter speckled calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Contemporary notation on titlepage, minor loss to top outer corner, slightly affecting one letter. Light foxing, otherwise very good.

Second Philadelphia edition, printed the same year as the first. First published in three Pennsylvania newspapers in December of the preceding year, Dickinson’s Letters... were reprinted whole or in part in virtually every other newspaper in the English Colonies. In book form, almost a dozen different printings appeared in the next half decade, and Howes characterizes this work as the “earliest serious study into colonial legal rights.” “The Letters, although very pacific in tone, showed wide knowledge both of the practical economics of the situation and of the broad legal principles underlying English liberty and created a deep impression here and abroad” – DAB. Only a handful of copies in ESTC. EVANS 10879. HOWES D329. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 54b. SABIN 20044. ESTC W31741. $4500.

40. [Dickinson, John]: A NEW ESSAY (BY THE PENNSYLVANIA FARMER) ON THE CONSTITUTIONAL POWER OF GREAT- BRITAIN OVER THE COLONIES IN AMERICA; WITH THE RESOLVES OF THE COMMITTEE FROM THE PROVINCE OF PENNSYLVANIA. London: J. Almon, 1774. vii,126pp. plus one leaf of ads. Lacks half title. 19th-century black half morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities worn, boards and spine rubbed. Minor toning and foxing to first and last few leaves. Very good.

First British edition, after the Philadelphia edition of the same year. An important political pamphlet by the influential author. Dickinson established his reputation as a brilliant lawyer in 1765, when he wrote his first tract against the Stamp Act and his Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania... became one of his most important patriotic tracts prior to the Revolution. In 1774 he was elected chairman of the Philadelphia Committee of Correspondence, and this pamphlet consists of three papers he drew up which were adopted by the Committee in July of that year. “They state the principles upon which the colonies based their claim to redress; instructions to the Congressional delegates to be chosen by the Assembly; and a treatise on the constitutional power of Great Britain to tax the colonies” – DAB. Over the crucial next two years, Dickinson would grow gradually more conservative, eventually becoming opposed to the independence movement. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-28b. HOWES D326. SABIN 20046. DAB V, pp.299- 300. $2000.

41. Earl, Ralph, and Amos Doolittle: THE BATTLES OF CONCORD AND LEXINGTON COLLOTYPE REPRODUCTIONS, HAND- STENCILED IN COLOR FROM THE SET OF ORIGINAL COP- PERPLATE ENGRAVINGS [portfolio title]. Boston: Goodspeed’s Book Shop, 1960. Four collotype illustrations, each sheet measuring 16 x 22 inches. Laid into original grey printed paper portfolio. Some slight wrinkling to the plates and portfolio cover. Near fine.

From an edition limited to 225 sets, issued by Goodspeed’s Book Shop in Boston. Shortly after the engagement at Lexington and Concord, the Governor’s Guard of the Connecticut Militia (under the command of Benedict Arnold) was dispatched to Massachusetts to take part in the siege of Boston. Among these forces was Ralph Earl, a portrait painter, and Amos Doolittle, an engraver. During their three weeks at Cambridge, Doolittle and Earl visited the battlegrounds at Lexington and Concord, and questioned participants in the battles. Earl made sketches based on these accounts, which were then engraved by Doolittle and published in New Haven in 1775. These are among the rarest American engravings from the Revolution. This facsimile was made from the set of four original engravings in the collection of the Connecticut Historical Society. Doolittle would go on to a long career as a significant engraver in Connecticut. The four prints are entitled:

1) “The Battle of Lexington, April 19th, 1775. Plate I.” 2) “Plate II. A view of the Town of Concord.” 3) “Plate III. The Engagement at the North Bridge in Concord.” 4) “Plate IV. A View of the South Part of Lexington.” Scarce, and a significant visual record of a fateful and important moment in Ameri- can history. $2000.

42. Eden, William: A LETTER TO THE EARL OF CARLISLE, FROM WILLIAM EDEN, ESQ. ON THE REPRESENTATIONS OF IRE- LAND, RESPECTING A FREE TRADE. Dublin. 1779. 47pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Very minor soiling. Very good plus. In a tan half morocco and cloth folder.

One of Eden’s several letters written to the Earl of Carlisle, this text encourages the close economic relations of England and Ireland, stating that a free trade is not actually of any benefit to the Irish. ESTC N52859. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-7. HOWES E43 (ref.). $900.

Financial Dealings of a Signer of the Declaration

43. Ellery, William: [MANUSCRIPT BILL, SIGNED BY DECLA- RATION OF INDEPENDENCE SIGNER, WILLIAM ELLERY, DETAILING THE SUMS OWED AND PAID TO ELLERY AND HIS BROTHERS BY DR. STEPHEN GARDNER ON A FARM IN COLCHESTER]. Newport, R.I. May 7, 1770. [1]p. manuscript on a 9¼ x 14¾-inch sheet. Lightly backed by tissue. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth box, spine gilt.

A record of Rhode Island merchant and lawyer William Ellery’s financial dealings, signed by him six years before he signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Ellery (1727-1820) was a merchant, customs collector, a lawyer, and clerk of the Rhode Island General Assembly. He was an important leader in the Newport Sons of Liberty, and in 1776 became a member of the Continental Congress. Ellery was intensely loyal to the interests of Rhode Island and the northeast, and would go on to be a justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court. One of Ellery’s grandsons was Richard Henry Dana, author of Two Years Before the Mast. This document is an account of the sums that are owed and that have been paid (mostly in goods) to William Ellery and his brothers, Benjamin and Christopher, by Dr. Stephen Gardner for rent on a farm in Colchester. It details the amount owed every year from March, 1765, through 1770, a total of nearly £300. It appears that Gardner paid mostly in goods delivered, those being beef, pork, cheese, and butter. Though it does not explicitly state it, the farm was likely in Colchester, Connecticut, in the southeastern part of the state, near Rhode Island. The document is signed by William Ellery, and also by his brother, Benjamin. It is dated at Newport, Rhode Island, May 7, 1770. ANB 7, pp.412-13. $1000.

The Most Critical Naval Battle of the Revolution

44. Estaing, Charles Henri, Comte de: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM THE COMTE D’ESTAING TO THE MARSHAL GENERAL AND MAJOR GENERAL AT CAPE CHOC ON ST LUCIA REGARDING DESERTERS]. [N.p.] Dec. 22, 1778. [2]pp. plus integral address leaf. In French. Small octavo. Old fold lines. Center fold reinforced with linen. Minor soiling. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Letter written by the Comte d’Estaing advising the Marshal General and Major General of the garrison at Cape Choc of the news of 400 deserters, following the Battle of St. Lucia on Dec. 15th. The battle, one of the most important naval engagements of the American Revolution, was fought between the French and British fleets in the West Indies. Thwarted by Admiral Barrington’s ships of the line, d’Estaing landed a force of 9,000 troops on St. Lucia. The British, with a mere force of 1,400 – but all veterans of colonial fighting – inflicted heavy losses on the French, killing 400 and wounding nearly three times that. This forced the French to abandon the island. D’Estaing once more attempted an encounter with the British fleet on Dec. 16th, but it too was unsuccessful. His failure to break Barrington’s line resulted in the surrender of the French garrison on Dec. 28th. The Comte writes, in part [in translation]:

I have received, sir, the two letters you did me the honor of writing dated the 21st and 22d. I thank you for the details they contain and I pray you to continue....If the news of 400 deserters is true, tell Monsieur de Marquis de Bouille about it. I authorize you to promise them a good reception, in my name. Try to find out what they want and to have me informed of it by a mounted courier, and immediately. In general, it is the right and duty of your position to know about all the dispositions of prisoners and deserters. Mr. Gauthier will give you an account of several small matters. $1250.

45. [Estaing, Charles Henri, Comte d’]: EXTRAIT DU JOURNAL D’UN OFFICIER DE LA MARINE DE L’ESCADRE DE M. LE COMTE D’ESTAING. [Paris]. 1782. [2],158pp. Engraved frontispiece. Modern blue morocco and mottled paper boards, spine gilt. Gilt insignia of the French “Order of the Star” (“Monstrant Regibus Astra Viam”) on front board and on bookplate on front pastedown. Bookplate on rear pastedown. Final text leaf lightly browned around edges. Near fine.

Authorship of this work is uncertain, but Howes theorizes that one Captain Walsh is the author. Whoever wrote it served as an officer in the Comte d’Estaing’s squadron and is highly critical of his conduct. This work describes the operations of the French fleet in 1778-79, beginning with the departure from Toulon and covering the blockade of the British at New York; the planned but aborted naval battle off Newport; the encounter with the British fleet under Admiral John Byron; and finally, the attack on Savannah, Georgia. The frontispiece is a portrait of d’Estaing, under which is a view of the taking of Grenada. This is one of the best sources for the Savannah attack. An important Revolutionary naval item, here present in the first edition, first issue of the text. CLARK I:234. HOWES E198. SABIN 23033. DE RENNE I:224. $1250. 46. Faden, William: A PLAN OF THE ATTACK OF FORT SULIVAN [sic], NEAR CHARLES TOWN IN SOUTH CAROLINA. BY A SQUADRON OF HIS MAJESTY’S SHIPS, ON THE 28th JUNE 1776. WITH THE DISPOSITION OF THE KING’S LAND FORC- ES, AND THE ENCAMPMENTS AND ENTRENCHMENTS OF THE REBELS FROM THE DRAWINGS MADE ON THE SPOT. London: Wm. Faden, Aug. 10, 1776. Copper-engraved map, with original hand coloring. Text printed below map in two columns. Plate mark: 11½ x 15¼ inches. Sheet size: 20½ x 16½ inches. Very good.

An extremely rare separately issued Revolutionary War battle plan by William Faden, depicting a critical altercation near Charleston, South Carolina. This highly important and finely engraved map captures the dramatic action surrounding the British naval assault on Fort Sullivan, the strategic “key” to Charles- ton, the South’s largest city. It is the fourth of five states of the map, which was the first Revolutionary battle plan to be drafted by William Faden. In the Spring of 1776, South Carolina had fallen into the firm possession of the Americans, a reality the British were determined to challenge. They dispatched a fleet of twenty ships (although only nine were armed) under Commodore Peter Parker, manned by marines, with the mission under the overall command of Major General Sir Henry Clinton. The ships moored in Five Fathom Hole and landed on Long Island, which lay to the north of Sullivan’s Island. The British base, with the original positions of the British ships and with the regiment numbers of marine corps labeled and heightened in red is located towards the upper right of the map. Meanwhile, practical considerations indicated that the Patriot defenders were in considerable trouble. Led by Colonel William Moultrie, the Americans were short of experienced troops and ammunition. Fort Sullivan, located on the southern tip of the island of the same name had to be held, otherwise Charleston would surely fall. While the elegant plan of the fort, located in the inset at the upper left of the map, makes it appear to be a well designed bastion, it was in reality cobbled together with palmetto logs. The American or “Rebel” positions are also heightened in red, and the fort is shown connected to the mainland by an improvised bridge. Moultrie had a total of 1,125 men against the 2,900 British marines. More troublesome, the fort had only twenty-six guns, with only twenty-eight rounds of ammunition per gun against the British fleet’s 270 well-stocked cannon. Fortunately for the Americans, the British proceeded to make a series of strategic errors. Clinton, who relied on information given by harbor pilots who were press- ganged into service, spent days looking for a non-existent ford between Long Island and Sullivan’s Island, which in reality was prevented by the presence of a seven-foot deep channel. This bought the Americans time, which allowed American colonel William Thomson to fortify the northern tip of the island, as indicated on the map. On June 28 the British mounted their full-on naval assault of the fort, as indicated on the map by the ships shown grouped together just off the fort, with each ship being named and detailed with its number of guns. Moultrie wisely rationed and synchronized the use of his limited firepower, such that the British met heavier than expected resistance. Unfamiliar with the tidal shoals that lay near the fort, the British ships were unable to sail close enough to the fort to deliver lethal blows, while remaining in range of the American guns. Amazingly, many of the Brit- ish rounds which did strike the fort were harmlessly absorbed into the structure’s spongy palmetto logs. The British flagship H.M.S. Bristol took heavy losses, and another ship ran aground and had to be abandoned. Another British attempt to storm Thomson’s northern positions with a raid by long boats was easily repelled. The British were forced to completely withdraw, and promptly set sail for New York. This map conforms to the fourth state noted by Stevens & Tree, having the text printed below the plan, without the dedication, and an extra bridge of boats spanning the channel near Fort Sullivan, among other subtle changes. GUTHORN, BRITISH MAPS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 145/25. NE- BENZAHL, ATLAS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, map 8, p.60. NEBEN- ZAHL, PRINTED BATTLE PLANS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 64. STE- VENS & TREE 14d. $10,000.

New Jersey at the Outset of the Revolution

47. Faden, William, and Bernard Ratzer: THE PROVINCE OF NEW JERSEY, DIVIDED INTO EAST AND WEST, COMMONLY CALLED THE JERSEYS. London: Wm. Faden, Dec. 1, 1777. Copper- engraved map. Sheet size: 32 x 24 inches. Paper repair along center fold. Minor repairs in margins. In good condition.

The first state of one of the finest and most celebrated maps of New Jersey, made during the Revolutionary War. This elegant composition depicts New Jersey in finely engraved detail at a large scale of seven miles to an inch. The map was the grandest representation of the state made up to that time, taking in the entire breadth of the state, as well as the Hudson Valley, most of Long Island, eastern Pennsylvania, and all of Delaware Bay. It captures the state’s rich topography, including the Jersey Highlands and the Palisades in the north and the broad Pine Barrens and coastal marshes in the south. The county divisions, major roads and towns are all carefully depicted, indicating that New Jersey was, by the standards of the time, heavily populated, having over 120,000 inhabitants. Faden based his rendering of the state largely on the manuscript works of Bernard Ratzer, a British military surveyor most famous for his map of New York City. Ratzer’s rendezvous with New Jersey cartography stemmed from the resolution of the bitter boundary dispute between that state and New York that had raged for over a century. In 1764, George III charged Samuel Holland and William De Brahm with settling the boundary, and their demarcation was finally surveyed by Ratzer in 1769. Ratzer’s line is noted on the map as “The boundary settled by commissioners in 1769.” Two of Ratzer’s New Jersey manuscripts, one dealing with the boundary question, and another featuring Monmouth and Ocean Counties, are today preserved in the Faden Collection at the Library of Congress. Faden supplemented Ratzer’s work with surveys of the northern part of the state made by Gerard Bancker. Curiously, it seems that Bancker’s work found its way to Faden, by way of John Murray, the Earl of Dunmore, the former governor of Virginia, who was given a draft by Bancker when he stopped in at New York on his way back to London. An interesting feature present on the map are the two lines bisecting the state, being the boundary lines between the archaic colonies of East and West Jersey. In 1664, Charles II granted the New Jersey charter jointly to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. Berkeley sold his share to John Fenwick, a Quaker who, in turn, passed it on to a consortium that included William Penn. The King elected to renew only Carteret’s charter to the colony, and from 1676 the already small province was split into two awkward colonies. One of the lines present on this map is “Keith’s Line” referring to the 1687 demarcation of the boundary by surveyor George Keith. While the two colonies were reunited under a royal governor in 1702, certain private land ownership questions predicated on the partition necessitated that an internal line of division persist, which was redemarcated as the “Lawrence Line” in 1743. The map is embellished with a very fine cartouche, formed by trees framing a bucolic scene inhabited by farm houses and raccoons. The lower left of the map is adorned with a table of astrological observations. This copy is an excellent example of this important map, featuring a strong impression and good margins. GUTHORN, BRITISH MAPS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, p.39. DE- GREES OF LATITUDE 47 (state 1). SCHWARTZ & EHRENBERG, p.193. SNYDER, THE MAPPING OF NEW JERSEY, pp.57-59. BMC MAPS 10:251. STEVENS & TREE 37a. $30,000.

48. Faden, William: THE COURSE OF DELAWARE RIVER FROM PHILADELPHIA TO CHESTER WITH THE SEVERAL FORTS AND STACKADOES RAISED BY THE AMERICANS AND THE ATTACKS MADE BY HIS MAJESTY’S LAND AND SEA FORC- ES. London: Printed for Wm. Faden. Jan. 1, 1785. Copper-engraved map. Sheet size: 21¼ x 29¼ inches. Very good. Provenance: Martin P. Snyder.

The Snyder copy of the third and final state of one of the most important maps of the Revolutionary War, depicting the dramatic military events that transpired on the Delaware River, just below Philadelphia. This large scale and finely engraved masterpiece of military cartography embraces the Delaware River estuary from Philadelphia down to the town of Chester. In great detail, the map showcases the momentous events of November 1777 when a British assault of combined naval and army forces struggled to wrestle control of the river from the Continental forces. In September 1777 the British retook Philadelphia, the Continental capital and the largest city in the American colonies. However, they knew that their hold on the city would prove fleeting unless they managed to secure its access to the sea, which was blocked by a formidable American cordon militaire. The Americans could cover the entire width of the Delaware River with artillery, as they controlled Fort Mercer at Red Bank on the New Jersey shore, and the adjacent Fort Mifflin, on Mud Island in the middle of the river. Menacingly they also constructed stockadoes, or chevaux de frise, across the largest channel of the river, both under the American artillery positions at the aforementioned forts and at Billingsport, New Jersey. The placements were essentially caissons constructed in the river that were intended to ensnare and slow British ships, making them more vulnerable to attack. Their construction is depicted in diagrams on the lower-right of the map. The British mounted their assault in prongs from the south, one force under Lord Cornwallis captured Billingsport, before moving on foot to besiege Fort Mer- cer. The large inset in the upper-left shows the fierce cannonade that ensued, that eventually forced the Americans to surrender Fort Mifflin on November 16th. As depicted on the map, the Continental fleet, the contents of which are listed at the lower centre of the map, mounted a brave resistance to the superior British force, but were overcome after intense ship to ship combat. After taking Fort Mercer, Lord Cornwallis’ force continued on to Gloucester, New Jersey, where the Americans had torched the remainder of their fleet to prevent it from falling into British hands. The conclusion to the dramatic action portrayed on this map marked the high point of the British Philadelphia Campaign, as the city was now safely in their grasp. However, their victory was wasted. The British dithered in complacency, while the American forces under George Washington spent the following winter in legendary deprivation at Valley Forge. Washington’s trial in the wilderness gal- vanized the morale of his men to mount a spirited campaign in New York the next year, the success of which eventually forced the British to abandon Philadelphia in an attempt to shore up their fortunes further north. NEBENZAHL, ATLAS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, map 29 (ref). NE- BENZAHL, A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRINTED BATTLE PLANS OF THE AMERI- CAN REVOLUTION 1775-1795, 132, state 3. SNYDER, COI 79B. Stevens & Tree, “Comparative Cartography” in TOOLEY, THE MAPPING OF AMERICA 17(b). $12,500.

A Legendary North Carolina Revolutionary Rarity: “The first book printed in the Confederacy” – Howes

49. Fanning, David: THE NARRATIVE OF COLONEL DAVID FAN- NING. (A TORY IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN;) GIVING AN ACCOUNT OF HIS ADVEN- TURES IN NORTH CAROLINA, FROM 1775 TO 1783, as Written by Himself. Richmond, Va. 1861. xxv,[1],92pp. Quarto. Original printed boards, later cloth spine. Boards lightly soiled. Contemporary ownership inscription on front fly leaf (“Alice Clemmitt [?] Wilson, Richmond, Virginia”). A few leaves lightly toned, some minor scattered foxing. Very good. In a red morocco clamshell case, spine gilt.

A legendary rarity, famed as the first book printed in the Confederacy, and one of fifty copies printed on thin paper (ten were on thick paper), of which twenty were destroyed by fire. “David Fanning, a native of Amelia County, Virginia, was one of the most famous or notorious of southern Tories. His whole Revolutionary career consisted of raids and guerrilla warfare against the patriots in North Carolina and occasionally in South Carolina. He was captured several times...but always escaped to resume his sensational exploits...Full of bravado and vengeance” – Clark. Produced by Thomas H. Wynne as the first number in a series called “Historical Documents Relating to the Old North State.” Parrish & Willingham locate fifteen copies. An exceptionally desirable item and leading Confederate rarity. PARRISH & WILLINGHAM 5380. HARWELL, CONFEDERATE HUNDRED 30. HOWES F26, “b.” CLARK I:235. SABIN 23778. $15,000.

50. [Franklin, Benjamin]: [American Newspaper]: THE PENNSYLVA- NIA GAZETTE. Numb. 1871. Philadelphia: Printed by B. Franklin, Post- Master, and D. Hall, Nov. 1, 1764. 2 leaves. Folio. Dbd. Scattered toning and foxing, else very good.

Documents, without fanfare, Franklin’s appointment by the Assembly “To embark immediately for Great-Britain, to join with, and assist the present Agent in trans- acting the Affairs of this Province, for the ensuing Year.” Franklin’s appointment as provincial agent by the still anti-proprietary Assembly, following the loss of his Assembly seat, caused a huge controversy. The Gazette did not acknowledge the protests against the appointment. Franklin responded in detail to his critics in his pamphlet, Remarks on a Late Protest (1764). MILLER 814. BRIGHAM II, pp.933-37. $1500.

51. [Franklin, Benjamin]: [American Newspaper]: THE PENNSYLVA- NIA GAZETTE. [NUMBERS 1878 THROUGH 1881]. Philadelphia: Printed by B. Franklin, Post-Master, and D. Hall, Dec. 20 and Dec. 27, 1764; Jan. 3 and Jan 10, 1765. 2 leaves each. Folio. Dbd. Some toning and foxing, old scorch mark affecting a few words on first leaf of No. 1879. Small gouge in inner margin affecting a few words on first leaf of No. 1880. Else very good.

Franklin’s controversial appointment as Provincial Agent for the Assembly acting in London is the major topic in these issues. John Hughes, a member of the Assembly, wrote a letter in No. 1878 defending Franklin against William Smith’s anonymous An Answer to Mr. Franklin’s Remarks, on a Late Protest. Hughes chal- lenged that if the author of An Answer would reveal himself and agree to pay £5 to the Pennsylvania Hospital for every lie printed in that pamphlet about Franklin, Hughes would agree to pay £10 for every truth printed therein. In No. 1879, there is a scathing unsigned reply to John Hughes’ challenge, accusing Hughes of being “not the Author of this Challenge, but only the Herald or squire of some dreadful unknown Giant or Knight, who would tear in Pieces the Author or Authors of the Answer to the Remarks, if they should venture to approach him.” No. 1880 continues the controversy over Franklin’s appointment as Provincial Agent for the Assembly. Another challenge is brought to John Hughes’ claims in Issue 1878, but sidestepping his main point: that Franklin signed his Remarks on a Late Protest, but that the author of Answer to Mr. Franklin’s Remarks did not give his name. “Poplicola,” as the author of signs himself, is more intent on ridiculing Hughes’s challenge than in resolving the “Differences between the Proprietary and the People,” as he claims to be doing. Long response in No. 1881 by John Hall. The whole of the first page along with the first column of the next comprises Hall’s remarks:

The practice of perverting Truth, and imposing your Falshoods [sic] on the good People of this Province, has long been the principal Weapon you wield. It is high Time an End was put to it...do you think you will not be esteemed void of Honour and Conscience, and a common Nuisance in the Community, which ought to be removed with the utmost Expedition?

MILLER 814, 842. BRIGHAM II, pp.933-37. $8500.

Franklin Leaves England for America on the Eve of the Revolution

52. Franklin, Benjamin: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM BENJAMIN FRANKLIN TO SIR ALEXANDER DICK CON- CERNING HIS DEPARTURE, AND A LETTER OF INTRODUC- TION FOR BENJAMIN DUFFIELD]. London. March 13, 1775. 2pp. plus integral address leaf. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Old fold lines. Some slight separation at folds. Address leaf with some wear and loss from wax seal. Very good.

An interesting letter written by Benjamin Franklin to Sir Alexander Dick in Ed- inburgh, taking his leave from England on the verge of the American Revolution, and recommending the son of his friend, Benjamin Duffield. Franklin writes:

John Dalrymple the other day inform’d me that you and your dear family were lately well, which to hear gave me great pleasure. Being on the point of embarking for America, I would not leave Britain without taking leave of a friend I have so much reason to esteem and love. I pray God to bless you and yours with every kind of felicity. If at any time I can on the other side of the water render acceptable service to you or any friend of yours, it will be a pleasure to me to receive your commands. May I take the liberty of recommending to your countenance and protection an ingenious young man, son of a friend of mine at Philadelphia, now studying physic at Edinburg. Your kind advice may be of great use to him, and I am persuaded he will always retain a grateful sense of any favourable notice you may think fit to take of him. His name is Duffield, and he will have the honor of presenting this to your hands. With Sincere Affection & Attachment I am ever, Dear Sir, Your obliged & most obedient humbl. Servant B. Franklin.

Franklin has appended a P.S.: “Our Friend Sir J. Pringle was well last evening.” In 1773, Benjamin Franklin was serving as an agent for the Pennsylvania Colony in London when he came into possession of letters that further strained the increasingly tenuous relationship between England and her American colonies. Written by Thomas Hutchinson, the English-appointed governor of Massachusetts, these letters called for reductions in liberties allowed to English citizens residing in America. Franklin promptly forwarded these letters to America, where they were published, resulting in a public outcry. Called before the English Foreign Ministry in January 1774, Franklin was severely berated for this act and dismissed as deputy postmaster general for North America. In spite of this affront, Franklin continued to strive for reconciliation between the English colonists and their mother country. Hoping to avert the passage of the Boston Port Bill, he went so far as to personally guarantee payment for the tea dumped during the Boston Tea Party. Even after the bill passed and Boston’s port was closed, Franklin maintained his conciliatory stance. Subsequently, he began collaborating with William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, hoping that this treaty might fare better than previous endeavors. When Pitt presented the bill in February 1775, it was vehemently attacked by the ministers and their supporters. Lord Sandwich, one of the most vocal opponents of the bill, turned his attention towards Franklin, who was present, and stated that “he fancied he had in his eye the person who drew it up, one of the bitterest and most mischievous enemies this country has ever known.” This personal attack was the last straw, and Franklin emerged from that session an ardent devotee of colonial independence. He set sail for Philadelphia on March 21, a week after this letter was written, and just three weeks before the first shots were fired at Lexington and Concord, signaling the start of the Revolution- ary War. Landing at Philadelphia on May 5, the talk of war and the creation of a new nation was everywhere. The next day, Franklin was elected a delegate to the second Continental Congress, and he quickly emerged as one of the most radical members of that body. Sir Alexander Dick (1703-85), to whom he writes here, was one of Franklin’s warmest friends in Great Britain. A physician, he practiced medicine in Edinburgh and was the president of the College of Physicians there from 1756-63. He was also a member of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, and was one of the founders of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Benjamin Duffield (1753-99) was the son of one of Franklin’s friends, a Philadelphia clock- and watchmaker named Edward Duffield. Benjamin Duffield traveled to Edinburgh in 1774 to complete his medical studies and Franklin had a hand in introducing him to several important persons there. Apparently he ran into some trouble because he sent Franklin a letter from Bordeaux in 1779, apologizing for past transgressions and indicating that he had finally managed to scrape together the money to come home to Philadelphia. In the end, he did return to Philadelphia, acquiring a large medical practice and becoming an early lecturer in the field of obstetrics. Franklin’s postscript refers to Royal Society member Sir John Pringle, another Scottish doctor who was a good friend of both men. A wonderful and unpublished letter from this key period in Franklin’s diplomatic career. $37,500.

An Unusual Portrait Print of Franklin

53. [Franklin, Benjamin]: Vanloo, Charles Philippe: FRANCKLIN [sic]. [Paris: Marie Francois Drouhin, ca. 1790]. Handcolored mezzotint portrait. Oval portrait, 10 x 8¼ inches on a 12½ x 9¼ inch sheet. Sheet lightly browned, more so around the edges. Overall, very good. Matted.

An attractive mezzotint portrait of Benjamin Franklin, with delicate contemporary coloring. The engraving was done after an original portrait by the famed French painter, Charles Philippe Vanloo (sometimes spelled Van Loo). The original portrait was done while Franklin resided in Paris in the years during and after the American Revolution, and is now in the collection of the American Philosophical Society, which was founded by Franklin. Sellers asserts that it is “beyond question a life portrait,” done between 1777 and 1785. In Vanloo’s original portrait Franklin wears a fur coat. In this print of the painting the fur coat has been replaced by a simpler cloth coat. Franklin wears glasses, his hair is long and gray, and he has a slight smile on his face. In the caption below the image, his name is spelled “Francklin.” “The substitution of a simple gray coat for the fur-trimmed costume of the original was undoubtedly in deference to revolutionary feeling” – Sellers. This print was engraved after Vanloo’s portrait by the noted French engraver, Pierre-Michel Alix, who was known for his portraits of leading French citizens and prominent person- alities. A handsome contemporary portrait of the American who dazzled France as a diplomat, scientist, philosopher, and gentleman of society. SELLERS, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN IN PORTRAITURE, p.394. $5000.

The Last Straw on the Road to Revolution: Gage’s Famous Proclamation Against the “Infatuated Multitudes” of Massachusetts in June, 1775

54. Gage, Thomas: BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE HON. THOMAS GAGE, ESQ....A PROCLAMATION. WHEREAS THE INFATU- ATED MULTITUDES, WHO HAVE LONG SUFFERED THEM- SELVES TO BE CONDUCTED BY CERTAIN WELL KNOWN INCENDIARIES AND TRAITORS, IN A FATAL PROGRESSION OF CRIMES, AGAINST THE CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHOR- ITY OF THE STATE, HAVE AT LENGTH PROCEEDED TO AVOWED REBELLION....[caption title and beginning of text]. [Bos- ton or surrounding area? 1775]. Broadside, 14 x 9½ inches. Crude woodcut royal arms (not in Reilly), marked at top “No. 3,” and with eight words in the text underlined. Trimmed to text block and backed with paper, repairing a neat closed horizontal separation across the center. Evidence of an early seal in the lower margin. Very good. In a half red morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

A unique printing of Thomas Gage’s notorious Proclamation of martial law in Massachusetts, issued on June 12, 1775, less than two months after the Battles of Lexington and Concord. In one of the most famous British texts of the Revolu- tion, Gage castigates the Minutemen who fought the British troops on April 19th “from behind walls and lurking holes,” but offers pardon to all who would lay down their arms, excepting the leaders of the rebellion, specifically John Hancock and Samuel Adams. On May 5, 1775, the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts resolved that as General Gage had “utterly disqualified himself to serve this colony as Governor...he ought to be considered and guarded against as an unnatural and inveterate enemy to this country.” Against this background of open opposition to the King, Gage wrote to Lord Dartmouth on June 12, “I see no prospect of any offers of Accomdation and have issued a Proclamation for the Exercise of the Law martial.” At the outset of his Proclamation Gage acknowledges that a state of open rebellion exists in the colony that is ostensibly under his authority:

The Infringements which have been committed upon the most sacred Rights of the Crown and People of Great-Britain, are too many to enumerate on one Side, and are all too atrocious to be palliated on the other. All unprejudiced People who have been Witnesses of the late Transactions, in this and the neigh- bouring Provinces, will find upon a transient Review, Marks of Premeditation and Conspiracy that would justify the fulness of Chastisement....The Authors of the present unnatural Revolt never daring to trust their Cause or their Ac- tions, to the Judgment of an impartial Public...have uniformly placed their chief Confidence in the Suppression of Truth: And while indefatigable and shameless Pains have been taken to obstruct every Appeal to the real Interest of the People of America; the grossest Forgeries, Calumnies and Absurdities that ever insulted human Understanding, have been imposed upon their Cre- dulity....The Press, that distinguished Appendage of public Liberty...has been invariably prostituted to the most contrary Purposes....

Gage proceeds to characterize the Minutemen of Lexington and Concord as cow- ardly guerillas:

The Minds of Men having been thus gradually prepared for the worst Extremi- ties, a number of armed Persons, to the amount of many Thousands assembled on the 19th of April last, and from behind Walls, and lurking Holes, attacked a Detachment of the King’s Troops who not expecting so consummate an Act of Phrenzy, unprepared for Vengeance, and willing to decline it, made use of their Arms only in their own Defence. Since that Period the Rebels, deriving Confidence from Impunity, have added Insult to Outrage; have repeatedly fired upon the King’s Ships and Subjects,...have possessed the Roads, and other Communications by which the Town of Boston was supplied with Provisions; and...carry Depredation and Distress wherever they turn their Steps. The Actions of the 19th of April are of such Notoriety, as must baffle all Attempts to contradict them....

Feigning magnanimity, and “to spare the Effusion of Blood,” the Governor offers a royal pardon “to all Persons who shall forthwith lay down their Arms and return to the duties of peaceable Subjects, excepting only from the Benefit of such Pardon, Samuel Adams, and John Hancock, whose Offences are of too flagitious a Nature to admit of any other Consideration than that of condign Punishment.” For his part, Samuel Adams wrote to his wife from Philadelphia, on June 28, 1775, “Gage has made me respectable by naming me first among those who are to receive no favor from him. I thoroughly despise him and his Proclamation. It is the Subject of Ridicule here....” (Quoted in Smith [ed]., Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1:552). The net effect of the Gage proclamation seems to have been to stiffen the resolve of the colonists against the crown, and was even mockingly reprinted by a patriot printer in exile from Boston. There are five known versions of this broadside, presumably all issued in the summer of 1775. The first official printing of this broadside was executed in Boston in the shop of the Loyalist printer, Margaret Draper, and her young assistant John Howe, under Draper’s imprint. There was a general exodus of printers from Boston in the spring of 1775, and by the summer she was the only one still publishing a newspaper. Draper had taken over the shop after her husband’s death in 1774, and only operated it under her own imprint for a year. This Draper printing is very rare, with only four copies known – at the Public Record Office in London, at the Huntington Library, the Clements Library at the University of Michigan, and at the University of Virginia (the copy listed at the American Antiquarian Society is an electrostatic copy of the one held at the Public Record Office). The rebellious Americans, as well, recognized the pivotal importance of the Gage proclamation. An anonymous patriot printing, likely done by Benjamin Edes at Watertown, has the text in two columns, and is known in three copies – at the Boston Public Library, the Rosenbach Library, and the New York Public Library. That printing clearly proclaims the Revolutionary intent of the printer at the head of the sheet, with a mocking note dated at Cambridge on June 14: “The following is a copy of an infamous Thing handed about here Yesterday, and now Reprinted to satisfy the Curiosity of the Public.....” Another version of the proclamation was issued by the New York Loyalist printer, Hugh Gaine later in the summer of 1775. Copies of that printing are located at the Library of Congress, New York Historical Society, and New York Public Library. Finally, there is the printing identified by Ford as “in newspaper type,” located in four copies, at the American Antiquarian Society, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston Public Library, and the Rosenbach Library. This version of the broadside, which survives in the present unique copy (the copy listed at AAS is a facsimile of the present copy), cannot conclusively be attributed to any particular printer or city. Because of the immediacy of the information it conveys, we believe that it was produced within a few days or weeks of Gage’s issuance of the proclamation on June 12, 1775. It was perhaps printed in Boston, but it also may have been printed elsewhere in Massachusetts or in a nearby colony (note the printing of two other versions in Watertown and in New York). It does not appear to be an additional “official” printing from the Draper/Howe establishment, as it uses an ornament which is quite different than the one used by Margaret Draper in her official printing of Gage’s proclamation, and one that is not found at all in Reilly’s Dictionary of Colonial American Printers Ornaments and Illustrations. It does not carry any mocking prefatory text as was used on the one issued by patriot printer Benjamin Edes at Watertown. It is quite likely that this broadside was printed without any particular political allegiance or point of view, neither Tory nor pro-patriot, but simply as a piece of work by a printer who was hired to print a vitally significant document of the day. This broadside was formerly in the famed collection of J. William Middendorf II, sold at his auction in 1973 and acquired by the James S. Copley Library, from which it has since been deaccessioned. An apparently unique printing of this vitally important Revolutionary War broadside, proclaiming martial law in Massachusetts and naming John Hancock and Samuel Adams as unpardonable enemies of the royal authorities. BRISTOL 4040a. ESTC W34977. FORD, MASSACHUSETTS BROADSIDES 1816. Thomas, History of Printing in America, pp. 175-176 (Barre, 1970 ed). For the Draper printing see: EVANS 14184. ESTC W41378. FORD, MASSACHUSETTS BROADSIDES 1814. LOWANCE & BUMGARDNER, MASSACHUSETTS BROADSIDES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 20. HUDACK 12-18. $90,000.

55. [Galloway, Joseph]: COOL THOUGHTS ON THE CONSEQUEN- CES TO GREAT BRITAIN OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. ON THE EXPENCE OF GREAT BRITAIN IN THE SETTLE- MENT AND DEFENCE OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES. ON THE VALUE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE AMERICAN COL- ONIES AND THE WEST INDIES TO THE BRITISH EMPIRE. London: Printed for J. Wilkie, 1780 [i.e. 1779]. [4],70pp. plus leaf of publisher’s ads. 20th-century half morocco and boards, spine gilt. Spine lightly worn, head and foot chipped. Corners lightly worn. Bookplate of George Clinton Fairchild Williams on front pastedown. Internally clean. Very good.

An important pamphlet by the Pennsylvania Tory, pointing out why Great Brit- ain should hold onto the colonies. Galloway was the most prominent Loyalist in America during the Revolution. HOWES G36. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-42:1a. SABIN 26425. BEINECKE LESSER ANTILLES COLLECTION 326. $1250.

56. [Galloway, Joseph]: THE EXAMINATION OF JOSEPH GALLO- WAY, ESQ; LATE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY OF PENNSYLVANIA. BEFORE THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, IN A COMMITTEE ON THE AMERICAN PAPERS. WITH EX- PLANATORY NOTES. London. 1779. [2],85pp. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities lightly rubbed, spine lightly faded. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Negligible foxing. Very good plus.

First edition. Galloway, one of the most outspoken prominent Loyalists, had been very critical of Gen. Howe and the British ministry regarding their conduct of the war following the evacuation of Philadelphia. In the present hearing, Lord Germain in part retaliated, grilling Galloway for several hours and attempting to discredit him – which he succeeded in doing to some extent. Galloway himself saw his testimony as a triumph and purchased hundreds of copies. ESTC T13512. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-49a. HOWES G37. $2750.

57. [Galloway, Joseph]: LETTERS TO A NOBLEMAN ON THE CON- DUCT OF THE WAR IN THE MIDDLE COLONIES. London: J. Wilkie, 1779. viii,101pp. plus folding map and advertisement leaf. 20th-century three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities lightly rubbed. Minor foxing. Map reinforced at left edge with tissue. Very good.

The second edition of this important work on the campaign of Gen. Howe, 1777- 78, by the most prominent Loyalist in America during the Revolution. “Written to demonstrate the shameful misconduct of the English generals in the American war” – Sabin. The map, “A Plan of the Operations of the British & Rebel Army, in the Campaign, 1777,” shows the region around the Schuylkill, Delaware, and Brandywine rivers, with an inset of Mud Island Fort. HOWES G43. SABIN 26436. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-44b. $1250.

58. [Galloway, Joseph]: HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL REFLEC- TIONS ON THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE AMERICAN REBELLION. IN WHICH THE CAUSES OF THAT REBELLION ARE POINTED OUT, AND THE POLICY AND NECESSITY OF OFFERING TO THE AMERICANS A SYSTEM OF GOVERN- MENT FOUNDED IN THE PRINCIPLES OF THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION, ARE CLEARLY DEMONSTRATED. London. 1780. [8],135,[1]pp. Modern three-quarter morocco, leather label, marbled boards. Modern ink notations on titlepage, otherwise clean and fresh. Very good.

Galloway was the most prominent Loyalist in America during the Revolution. The present pamphlet sets forth his wish that the colonies remain with Great Britain, and how it might be achieved, but also contains his most extensive historical discussion of the evolution of the conflict. As background for his case, Galloway argues that the rebellion lacked any reasonable foundation, citing the “principles and dispositions” of the first settlers of New England as the ideological source for the war. HOWES G39. SABIN 26431. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 80-32. $2750. Presentation Copy

59. [Galloway, Joseph]: A REPLY TO THE OBSERVATIONS OF LIEUT. GEN. SIR WILLIAM HOWE, ON A PAMPHLET, ENTI- TLED LETTERS TO A NOBLEMAN: IN WHICH HIS MISREP- RESENTATIONS ARE DETECTED, AND THOSE LETTERS ARE SUPPORTED, BY A VARIETY OF NEW MATTER AND ARGUMENT. London. 1780. [4],149,[2]pp. Half title. Dbd. Presentation inscription from the author to the Earl of Lisburne on the half title. Internally clean. Very good plus. In a cardboard case, paper label on spine.

First London edition, after the very rare New York printing of 1777 (most copies of that edition were destroyed by a New York mob) and another of 1780. This copy is inscribed by the author on the titlepage: “For the right Honourable Earl of Lisburne from his most faithfull & obedient servt. The Author.” The Earl was an Irish peer, and so was sitting in the English House of Commons at the time of publication. Galloway, former Loyalist “Superintendent” of Philadelphia during the British occupation of 1777-78, herein replies to Gen. Howe’s Observations..., preaching to him on how he could have won the war. In spite of its combative tone, the pamphlet does provide important details on the Revolution in 1777-78, the nature of the countryside, etc. Galloway attacks Howe’s defense that he was forced to fight in forests by stating that at least two-thirds and in many places five- sixths of the area in question was cleared farmland. The appendix includes a letter from Henry Laurens describing the want of supplies and food by the American army at Valley Forge. HOWES G48, “aa.” AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 80-35a. SABIN 26443. $2250.

60. Gascoigne, John, and William Faden: A PLAN OF THE RIVER AND SOUND OF D’AWFOSKEE, IN SOUTH CAROLINA, SURVEY’D BY CAPTAIN JOHN GASCOIGNE. London: Faden & Jefferys, [1776]. Copper-engraved sea chart, on an untrimmed sheet. In excellent condition.

A very rare and highly important sea chart of South Carolina’s Hilton Head area, made towards the beginning of the Revolutionary War, in the first state. This finely engraved map was the finest sea chart of the area available in the early days of the Revolutionary War, and most certainly would have played an important role in the development of strategies by various commanders. It embraces the coastal region of South Carolina, from Port Royal Sound in the north, down past the mouth of the Savannah River and Tybee Island, Georgia, in the south. Promi- nently featured is Hilton Head Island (called “Trench’s Island”) and “D’Awfoskee Sound,” which is today known as Calibogue Sound. The old name survives on “D’Awfoskee Island,” but now spelled Daufauskie, located at the centre of the map. The region has one of the most varied and fascinating histories of any in the American South. Originally inhabited by the Yamassee native tribe, the area first came to the attention of Europeans during the expedition of Francisco Cordillo in 1521. Parris Island, located in Port Royal Sound, in the upper part of the map, was home to two early settlements. In 1562, Jean Ribaut founded a Huguenot settlement, Charlesfort, but the Spaniards did not tolerate its presence and destroyed it in short order. The Spaniards then founded their own fort and Jesuit mission, Santa Elena, nearby in 1566. In 1661, the English formally staked claim to the region, naming it Carolina after Charles II. In 1663, Captain William Hilton sailed from Barbados aboard the Adventure, on a reconnaissance mission to explore his country’s new claims. It was then that he encountered a beautiful island, featuring a prominent sandy cape, which he named “Hilton Head.” Once ashore, he remarked that the island was blessed with “sweet water” and “clear sweet air.” English settlers arrived in the region in the 1670s, but it was not until 1717 that the first English- man, Col. John Barnwell settled on Hilton Head, having been given a grant of one hundred acres in the northwest corner of the island. In the 18th century the region enjoyed a very successful economy based on plantations and maritime trade, although it was under threat from attacks by both the Spanish and pirates, most notoriously Blackbeard. This sea chart was one of the most detailed and accurate of any of the American coastline. The immense detail of the hydrography was the result of surveys conducted by Captain John Gascoigne, assisted by his brother James. In 1728, aboard the H.M.S. Alborough he employed the most sophisticated and modern techniques with exacting attention to detail to produce a manuscript chart. The next year, this chart was altered by Francis Swaine, and it would appear that Swaine’s manuscript, or a close copy of it, found its way to the London workshop of William Faden. Faden, the successor to the great Thomas Jefferys, adapted this map from a section of Swaine’s manuscript, and the present first state was printed in 1776. During the American Revolution, this area was an active military theatre. At the outbreak of the war, Hilton Head and most other areas sided with the Americans, however Daufauskie Island fell under British control. Britain’s superior naval power allowed its ships to conduct frequent raids along the coast for the duration of the war, however the real threat to the American cause came in December 1778 when British General Augustin Prevost seized Savannah, determined to use it as a base for further operations. The following February, he dispatched a team of marines to take control of Port Royal Sound. They initially engaged the Americans at Hilton Head before proceeding further up Port Royal Sound. However, the invasion was ultimately repelled by Gen. William Moultrie at Beaufort. On September 24th of the same year, in what was to become known the Battle of Hilton Head, three British ships were set upon by a trio of French ships allied to the American cause. After a dramatic chase and an intense exchange of cannon fire, the principal British ship, the H.M.S. Experiment, was forced to surrender. SELLERS & VAN EE, MAPS & CHARTS OF NORTH AMERICA & THE WEST INDIES 1525. Stevens & Tree, “Comparative Cartography” in Tooley, THE MAPPING OF AMERICA 16(a). CUMMING, BRITISH MAPS OF COLONIAL AMERICA, pp.47-49 (ref ). CUMMING, THE SOUTHEAST IN EARLY MAPS 204 (ref ). $12,000. 61. George, Daniel: AN ALMANACK FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD CHRIST, 1780. BEING BISSEXTILE, OR LEAP YEAR; AND THE FOURTH OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. CAL- CULATED FOR THE MERIDIAN OF BOSTON, NEW-ENG- LAND: LAT. 42 DEG. 25. NORTH. Newburyport: Printed & sold by J. Mycall, [1779]. [24]pp. 12mo. Dbd. Some light foxing. Very good.

A Revolutionary-era Massachusetts almanac compiled by Daniel George, a former student of astronomy at Haverhill who issued New England almanacs published in various Massachusetts towns between 1776 and 1787. In addition to the calendar for the year and the list of roads and distances from Boston to principal towns on the continent, this almanac includes a three-page explanation by the American physician William Cullen on “how to recover persons apparently dead, by drowning.” DRAKE 3286. EVANS 16286. NAIP w036449. $950.

Hamilton on the Politics of Peace

62. [Hamilton, Alexander]: A LETTER FROM PHOCION TO THE CONSIDERATE CITIZENS OF NEW-YORK, ON THE POLI- TICS OF THE TIMES, IN CONSEQUENCE OF THE PEACE. Philadelphia: Robert Bell, 1784. 15,[1]pp. Modern green half morocco and cloth, spine gilt. Light to moderate foxing and soiling. Very good.

One of two Philadelphia editions of this influential political tract, after the first New York printing of the same year. Here Hamilton argues some of the points that were to become Federalist creed: compliance with the 1783 peace treaty with the British, an end to attacks on Tories and Tory property, and the submission of the states to the central authority of the United States. It is Hamilton’s third political tract, his first two appearing in 1774 and 1775. “This impression contains, Let- ters on the stage, pp.13-15, and a List of books, 1 page, added by Robert Bell, and probably marks a second edition” – Evans. Scarce. EVANS 18515. FORD 13. NAIP w013451. HOWES H117. HILDEBURN 4486. SABIN 29962. $8500.

Hamilton Organizes the Way to Pay Down the National Debt

63. [Hamilton, Alexander]: CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES... AN ACT MAKING FURTHER PROVISION FOR THE PAY- MENT OF THE DEBTS OF THE UNITED STATES [caption title]. [New York]: Printed by Francis Childs and John Swaine, [1790]. 4pp. Small folio. Dbd. Small contemporary numerical inscription in lower margin of pp.[1] and 3. Some marginal staining and foxing, not affecting text. Else very good, untrimmed. In a half morocco clamshell case.

The rare original Congressional printing of a crucial act passed Aug. 10, 1790, raising the duties on various imports to fund the payment of the national debt. This act was an important part of Alexander Hamilton’s overall strategy for putting the finances of the infant federal government on a sound basis. Six days before this act was approved, Congress passed the important “Assumption Act,” by which the federal government assumed the debts incurred by the individual states during the Revolution in exchange for any claim those states had on western lands. Hamilton then proposed to consolidate these debts, and required it to be paid down by money taken in as duties on imports. That part of the plan was put in place by the Public Debt Act, passed by Congress two days after this present act. Hamilton’s plan of paying down the federal debt with an increase in duties also served another part of his overall plan, which was to encourage domestic manufac- tures at the expense of imports. The present act increases duties on a wide variety of goods, wares, and merchandise, including tea, wine, distilled spirits, cheese and a variety of other foods, spices, bricks, marble, walking sticks, blank books, writing paper, etc. A scarce document, with ESTC locating five copies, at the American Antiquarian Society, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Library of Congress, New York Public Library, and the Rhode Island Historical Society. EVANS 22965. ESTC W14347, W17366. $15,000.

The Second Edition of The Federalist

64. [Hamilton, Alexander, James Madison; and John Jay]: THE FED- ERALIST, ON THE NEW CONSTITUTION. BY PUBLIUS. WRITTEN IN 1788. TO WHICH IS ADDED, PACIFICUS, ON THE PROCLAMATION OF NEUTRALITY. WRITTEN IN 1793. LIKEWISE, THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, WITH ALL THE AMENDMENTS.... New York: Printed and sold by George F. Hopkins, 1802. Two volumes. viii,317,[1]pp., with two pages numbered 167 and two pages numbered 168, as noted on the errata sheet and with page numbering 263-270 repeated; v,[3],351pp. Contemporary sheep, gilt morocco spine label on first volume (lacking on second volume). Hinges of second volume repaired, boards quite rubbed and edgeworn. Contemporary ownership signature on titlepage of both volumes. Moderate tanning and staining. Good. In cloth chemises and half morocco and cloth slipcases, spines gilt.

Styled the “revised and corrected” edition on the titlepage, with additions to the first edition of 1788. “Most famous and influential American political work. Written in collaboration with Jay and Madison” – Howes. Ford attributes editorship of this edition to John Wells, though Sabin attributes it to William Coleman, noting it as “the last issued during Hamilton’s life....” This edition is expanded by the addition of the federal constitution and the first eleven amendments, and a series of articles written by Hamilton under the pseudonym “Pacificus,” defending Washington’s “Neutrality Proclamation” of 1793 regarding the Anglo-French war. Arguably the most complete edition, and the only other English language edition issued in Hamilton’s lifetime, in the preface it identifies Hamilton, Jay, and Madison as the authors but does not specify who wrote which essays; “it was at first intended to mark the numbers distinctly which were written by each; but considerations have since occurred which would perhaps render this measure improper.” Clearly issued by Hamilton partisans, the preface implies that virtually all of it was Hamilton’s work, and the republication of the Pacificus essays (written in opposition to Madi- son) confirms the Hamiltonian slant. FORD 21. HOWES H114, “aa.” COHEN 2818. SABIN 23981. DAB XI, pp. 312-13. Ron Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp.44, 48, 188, 603-6. $20,000. Signer of the Declaration from South Carolina

65. [Heyward, Thomas, Jr.]: [DOCUMENT SIGNED BY THOMAS HEYWARD AND THOMAS PINCKNEY REGARDING THE ADMINISTRATION OF AN ESTATE]. [N.p., but South Carolina]. Oct. 30, 1784. [1]p., docketed on verso. Oblong folio. Old fold lines. Minor soiling. Reinforced around edges on verso with later paper. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Manuscript document, signed by Thomas Heyward and docketed by Thomas Pinck- ney, concerning the administration of an estate. Thomas Heyward was a lawyer, judge, and Signer of the Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation. He saw action during the American Revolution at Port Royal and the defense of Charleston, and was captured and exiled by the British to St. Augustine until 1781. Thereafter he served in the South Carolina state legislature and as a circuit court judge. Thomas Pinckney was also present at the siege of Charleston, though he eluded capture. Pinckney was a lawyer and statesman, who served as both governor of South Carolina and in the state legislature. This document is signed by both men in their respective legal capacities. Dealing with the dispersal of the estate of Samuel Horsey, this document notes that the executor, William Hart, is claiming £1/19/5 for his expenses in that role, which is being disputed in the court of common pleas by Horsey’s relations. The document reads, in part: “The defendant William Hart maketh oath that the above is a just and true account of his administration & that he hath not in his hands any money, goods, or chattels which was of Samuel Horsey deceased.” It is signed at the bottom by Thomas Heyward, as judge, and docketed on the verso by Thomas Pinckney, lawyer. $1250.

Early Photographs of Aged Revolutionaries

66. Hillard, Elias B., Rev.: THE LAST MEN OF THE REVOLUTION. A PHOTOGRAPH OF EACH FROM LIFE, TOGETHER WITH VIEWS OF THEIR HOMES PRINTED IN COLORS. ACCOMPA- NIED BY BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF THE MEN. Hartford: Published by N.A. & R.A. Moore, 1864. 64pp. plus six original mounted photographs and six colored lithographs. 12mo. Original half leather and pebbled green cloth, front board gilt, spine gilt. Some rubbing and spot- ting to cloth. Very good.

This book is remarkable for its extraordinarily early mounted photographs of actual veterans of the American Revolution. Hillard produced it during the Civil War to inspire patriotic sentiments by providing verbal and visual portraits of the experienced old veterans. The colored lithographs show their homes. The persons photographed are Samuel Downing, Daniel Waldo, Lemuel Cook, Alexander Mil- lener, William Hutchings, and Adam Link. An additional chapter on James Barham is unillustrated as he could not be found, although there was no record of his death. The photographs provide a remarkable reach back in time, showing persons born in the 1750s and 1760s. “The photographs were made uniformly under makeshift circumstances as would have been required if the photographs were made in situ while Hillard visited each for a personal interview” – Goldschmidt & Naef. A truly wonderful little book. This copy does not contain a facsimile of a letter written by Edward Everett, who served as both a congressman and governor of Massachusetts, commenting on the work. The original letter was written within days of Everett’s death on Jan. 15, 1865, and the facsimile is not found in all copies. BENNETT, p.56. HOWES H490. SABIN 31871. TRUTHFUL LENS 86. McGRATH, pp.114-15, 132-33. $7500.

A Signer of the Declaration Writes the First Secretary of War

67. Huntington, Samuel: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM GOVERNOR SAMUEL HUNTINGTON TO HENRY KNOX RE- GARDING CONNECTICUT’S REACTION TO THE NEUTRAL- ITY PROCLAMATION]. Norwich, Ct. Aug. 16, 1793. [1]p. Folio. Old fold lines. Later paper strip attached to top of verso. Slight separation at some folds. Minor toning. Docketed on verso. Very good. In a half cloth clamshell case, gilt leather label.

The retained copy of a letter written by Samuel Huntington, but entirely in his hand and signed by him. Huntington was a Signer of the Declaration of Independence and Governor of Connecticut, and here writes to Secretary of War Major General Henry Knox, indicating receipt of the terms of neutrality which the United States adopted towards Britain and France, and Connecticut’s willingness to abide by those terms. Samuel Huntington was a Signer of the Declaration of Independence, served as President of the Continental Congress, and was the third governor of Connecticut, serving for ten years, until his death in 1793. Henry Knox served with distinction during the American Revolution; he was charged with Washington’s famous crossing of the Delaware River, and the successful completion of that mission earned him the promotion to brigadier general. He was one of the founding members of the Society of the Cincinnati and was the nation’s first Secretary of War. On April 22, 1793, George Washington issued a statement announcing that the United States would maintain a policy of strict neutrality in the conflict between France and Britain, resulting from the French Revolution. This was the first major international conflict facing the newly formed United States, and it involved her ally, France. One of the concerns of the American government was that America not be seen to be interfering in trade – privateering to the hindrance of one side or the other. The assurances on Governor Huntington’s part most likely refer to the willingness of Connecticut ship captains to abide by the law of the land and maintain U.S. neutrality. He writes:

Sir, I am on this day favoured with your two letters of the 7th instant containing the rules & regulations which the President of the United States has thought proper to adopt for a uniform line of conduct throughout the several states with respect to the belligerent powers; and also the regulations agreed upon between the general government & the Minister of France. You may be assured, sir, that a strict observance will be paid to the directions and regulations contained in those letters. I have also the satisfaction to inform you, that the inhabitants of this state appear sincerely disposed to observe a just neutrallity [sic] conformably to the tenor of the proclamation which was issued by the President on that subject and have reason to believe that the general sense & sentiment of the citizens of this state will prevent all infractions of the laws of nations as relative to the powers at war.

A nice document, referring to early Federal policy, penned by one of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. $4000.

68. Hutchinson, Thomas: THE SPEECHES OF HIS EXCELLENCY GOVERNOR HUTCHINSON, TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS-BAY AT A SESSION BEGUN AND HELD ON THE SIXTH OF JANUARY, 1773. WITH THE AN- SWERS OF HIS MAJESTY’S COUNCIL AND THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES RESPECTIVELY. Boston: Printed by Edes and Gill..., 1773. 126pp. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Light scattered foxing. Very good.

“These speeches were printed in the Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News- Letter between January and March of 1773. The House ordered 700 copies printed for itself and 100 for the Council on March 6, 1773” – Adams. “When [Samuel] Adams organized the correspondence committees in November 1772 and initiated the movement by publishing the ‘Rights of the Colonists,’ Hutchinson gave life to the movement by delivering before the General Court, on Jan. 6, 1773, an elaborately argued address designed to prove that since ‘no line can be drawn between the supreme authority of Parliament and the total independence of the colonies’ the Parliamentary supremacy must be admitted; and ‘if the supremacy of Parliament shall no longer be denied, it will follow that the mere exercise of its authority can be no grievance’” – DAB. The complete text of this address is printed herein, along with other speeches made during the same session. These speeches immediately preceded the explosive publication of Hutchinson’s letter back to England, leaked via Franklin. HOWES H854. EVANS 12856. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 97. DAB IX, pp.439- 43. SABIN 34086. $3000.

Item 69. New York Protests the Boston Port Act

69. [Intolerable Acts]: NEW-YORK. THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUE BEING CONCEIVED, IN SOME MEASURE, CALCULATED TO ADVANCE THE CAUSE OF FREEDOM, IN THE PRESENT CRITICAL SITUATION OF AFFAIRS, IS FOR THAT PURPOSE PRESENTED TO THE PUBLIC [caption title]. [New York: Printed by John Holt, May 20, 1774]. Folio broadsheet, printed in two columns. Ap- proximately 12½ x 8 inches. Lightly silked. Inscribed in later ink in lower margin of p.[2]: “Printed by John Holt.” Very good. In a half brown morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

A protest of the Boston Port Act, passed by Parliament on March 31, 1774. The act, designed to punish Boston for the Tea Party, ordered the port of Boston closed until the inhabitants reimbursed the East India Company and King’s treasury for the tea destroyed and customs duty lost on Dec. 16, 1773. “Because Boston alone was punished, Lord North believed the colonies would not ‘take fire.’ It was a costly mistake: the cry was raised in America that the Port Act was merely a prelude to a ‘Massacre of American Liberty’; the colonies rallied to Boston’s aid; and the Con- tinental Congress was called to concert opposition to the mother country” – DAH. The present copy is apparently a variant of the broadsheet recorded by Evans, in which “Affairs” is spelled “Affaires.” Evans ascribes printing to the press of John Holt. ESTC locates only three copies, at the Massachusetts Historical Society, John Carter Brown Library, and New-York Historical Society. Rare. EVANS 13489. ESTC W24574. DAH I, p.224. $17,500.

The Intolerable Acts: The Final Spark of the Revolution

70. [Intolerable Acts]: [SET OF THE FIVE PARLIAMENTARY BILLS KNOWN AS THE “INTOLERABLE ACTS”: THE BOSTON PORT ACT, THE MASSACHUSETTS GOVERNMENT ACT, THE AD- MINISTRATION OF JUSTICE ACT, THE QUARTERING ACT, AND THE QUEBEC ACT]. London. March 31 to June 22, 1774. As detailed below. Five works bound in one volume. Folio. Modern paneled calf, spine gilt. Small hole in titlepage of first law, affecting four letters of text, expertly repaired. Large, wide-margined copies, near fine.

The Boston Tea Party of December 16, 1773 unified both the protesting colonists in America and the forces of reaction in Great Britain in their respective positions. News of it arrived in London in January, 1774. From the point of view of the English government of Lord North, which commanded a firm majority in Parliament, the Tea Party represented an outrageous act of defiance which must be quashed. As soon as news arrived in London, legislation was prepared to punish the defiant colonists and bring the colonies, especially Massachusetts, firmly to heel. Their goal was to punish Massachusetts for the Tea Party and extend direct Royal control at the expense of popular liberty. Between March 31 and June 22, 1774, five acts were passed which became known collectively as the Coercive or Intolerable Acts. As news of each reached America, with troops to enforce it, a new spirit of defiance was kindled.

1) The first law passed, on March 31, was the Boston Port Act: Anno Regni Georgii III. Decimo Quarto. Cap. XIX. An Act to Discontinue, in Such Manner, and for Such Time as are Therein Mentioned, the Landing and Discharging, Lading or Shipping, of Goods, Wares, and Merchandise at the Town, and Within the Harbour, of Boston, in the Province of Massachuset’s Bay, in North America. London: Charles Eyre & William Strahan, 1774. Caption title, pp.515-522 (pp.517 and 520 misnumbered 417 and 420). The Port Act closed the port of Boston to all shipping, strangling its commerce. This was particularly aimed at the merchants, such as John Han- cock, who were seen as the ringleaders of the dissent. For a city such as Boston, which lived on maritime trade, it was a crippling blow. The Port was to remain closed until the East India Company was reimbursed for the tea destroyed in the Tea Party.

2) The Administration of Justice Act: Anno Regni Georgii III. Decimo Quarto. Cap. XXXIX. An Act for the Impartial Administration of Justice in the Cases of Persons Questioned for Any Acts Done by Them in the Execution of the Law, for the Suppres- sion of Riots and Tumults, in the Province of Massachuset’s Bay, in New England. London: Charles Eyre & William Strahan, 1774. Caption title, pp.991-998. The Administration of Justice Act was passed on May 20, 1774. Its provisions were, if anything, more frightening than the Port Act. The Act allowed those charged with crimes in Massachusetts to be sent to England for trial, away from sympa- thetic local juries and into a legal mechanism easily manipulated by the British Administration. Implicitly, it threatened leaders of the colonists with facing treason charges under hostile circumstances.

3) The Massachusetts Governtment Act: Anno Regni Georgii III. Decimo Quarto. Cap. XLV. An Act for the Better Regulating the Government of the Province of Massachuset’s Bay, in New England. London: Charles Eyre & William Strahan, 1774. Caption title, pp.1047-1062. Also passed on May 20, the Massachusetts Government Act altered the Charter of the colony, providing that the King, not the Governor, appoint Council members, and stipulated that town meetings could only occur annually and to discuss local matters. The goal of the Act was to take away any local control of the government of the colony and allow any large meetings to be broken up as riotous assemblies.

4) The Quartering Act: Anno Regni Georgii III. Decimo Quarto. Cap. LIV. An Act for the Better Providing Suitable Quarters for Officers and Soldiers in His Majesty’s Service in North America. London: Charles Eyre & William Strahan, 1774. Cap- tion title, pp.1251-1252. The Quartering Act, passed June 2, 1774, was the final legislation aimed specifically at Massachusetts. It allowed for the lodging and billeting of British soldiers with families and on private property. This shifted some of the cost of maintaining an army in the colony to the colonists, besides the difficulty of having soldiers in homes. Of all the acts, this directly affected the most people. 5) The Quebec Act: Anno Regni Georgii III. Decimo Quarto. Cap. LXXXIII. An Act for Making More Effectual Provision for the Government of the Province of Quebec in North America. London: Charles Eyre & William Strahan, 1774. Caption title, pp.1827-1835. The Quebec Act was somewhat different from the first four acts, and was passed last, on June 22. Some of its provisions had little relationship to the more southern colonies, such as the tolerance of the Roman Catholic religion and the restoration of French civil law – these steps were designed to appease the mostly French citizenry and remove reasons for common cause. The provision which did strike at all of the colonies was the transference to Canada of governmental authority of all lands west of Alleghenies and south to the Ohio River. This struck directly at the western land speculations of every colony south to Virginia, and perhaps aroused more widespread anger in the colonies than any of the Acts aimed specifically at Massachusetts.

The Intolerable Acts brought strong and immediate reaction throughout the colonies. The most important was the calling of a Continental Congress, first proposed by Rhode Island on May 17, four days after General Gage took over the government of Massachusetts as a Military Governor. The stage was set for the escalation of the crisis. $35,000.

In Defense of Captain Cresap

71. [ Jacob, John J.]: A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF THE LATE CAPT. MICHAEL CRESAP. Cumberland, Md.: Printed for the Author, by J.M. Buchanan, 1826. 123,[1]pp. 12mo. Contemporary three-quarter roan and marbled boards, spine gilt. Boards lightly rubbed and shelfworn. Early ownership signature on front free endpaper. Light tanning, scattered foxing, old light dampstain in lower third of final five leaves of text. About very good. In a burgundy half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt, and folding cloth chemise.

First edition of this biography of Captain Cresap, defending him against charges that he slaughtered Indians before the beginning of the Revolutionary War. In particular, Cresap became infamous in the case of the Indian, Logan, and the murder of his defenseless family in 1774. “This biography of Cresap was written to refute Jefferson’s account in Notes on Virginia....The immediate occasion for this now rare book, written by the revolutionary officer, later clergyman, who had married Cresap’s widow, was the reopening of old sores by [ Joseph] Doddridge in his then recently published Notes [on the Settlement and Indian Wars, of the Western Parts of Virginia & Pennsylvania, from the Year 1763 Until the Year 1783 Inclusive] of 1824. The defense is complete and the biography is of absorbing interest” – Streeter. HOWES J32, “b.” SABIN 35488. STREETER SALE 1335. FIELD 769. THOMSON 640. AMERICAN IMPRINTS 24967. DAB IV, p.538 (Cresap). $3500.

The Fiscal State of the Nation, 1779

72. [ Jay, John]: A CIRCULAR LETTER FROM THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THEIR CONSTIT- UENTS. Philadelphia, printed; Boston, re-printed. [1779]. 15pp. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Internally clean, very good.

One of five total printings of this work in 1779, following the official edition, done in Philadelphia. Herein John Jay outlines the fiscal state of the infant nation, in particular light of the growing war debt. The pamphlet was ordered to be printed and distributed to the numerous parishes throughout the nation, to be read by the several ministers at the close of religious services. Jay implores the populace to maintain its resolve, and to be wary of insidious reports that the new government is failing. NAIP w015193. EVANS 16559. SABIN 15515. $3000.

The Private First Edition of Jefferson’s Classic

73. Jefferson, Thomas: NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA; WRITTEN IN THE YEAR 1781.... [bound with:] DRAUGHT OF A FUNDAMENTAL CONSTITUTION FOR THE COMMON- WEALTH OF VIRGINIA. [N.p., but Paris. Stated 1782 on the titlepage, but actually 1785]. [2],391pp. (without the folding table found in some copies); 14pp. Contemporary calf, expertly rebacked with original gilt spine laid down, red morocco label. Period manuscript cross outs to five words on p.5 of Notes, presumed to be by Jefferson (as in many copies). Very good. In a black morocco box. Provenance: David S. Franks (inscription on verso of title: “This Book was given by the Author Mr. Jefferson to David S. Franks at Paris 7th Feb.y 1787”); Edward Livingston (armorial bookplate engraved by Peter Maverick); T. Jefferson Coolidge Jr. (book label).

The extremely rare privately printed first edition of Thomas Jefferson’s only book- length work published in his lifetime, issued by him in Paris in 1785, while serving as the United States Ambassador to France. Prepared by Jefferson only for distribution to personal friends, the Notes ultimately went through several dozen editions during his lifetime and is now recognized as an enduring classic of Americana, as well as one of its greatest rarities. Jefferson originally wrote the Notes in response to a series of queries sent to him by French diplomat François Barbé-Marbois, composing them after the defeat of the British at Yorktown in 1781. On the urging of their mutual friend, the distinguished French soldier and scientist, the Marquis de Chastellux, he later expanded his responses into a series of twenty-three essays on every aspect of his native state: geography, landforms, products, agriculture, climate, population, armed forces, Indians, towns, laws, religion, manners, and history. Notes is vastly informative, but it was also a mirror of Jefferson’s tastes and personality. J.M. Edelstein noted: “Jefferson wrote about things which interested him deeply and about which he knew a great deal; the Notes, therefore, throws a fascinating light on his tastes, curiosities, and political and social opinions.” When Jefferson moved to Paris as the American ambassador, he discovered that printing in the French capital was elegant and inexpensive. He decided to issue the Notes strictly for private circulation, and 200 copies were printed in May 1785. Millicent Sowerby, in her work on Jefferson’s library, has told the story of the book’s production in great detail. Jefferson gave a number of copies directly to friends, but he also shipped numerous copies to James Madison and George Wythe in Virginia to distribute for him to friends there, as well as students at William & Mary. However, no copies were offered for sale, and the book was only obtainable directly from Jefferson, Madison, or Wythe. After the Notes was printed, Jefferson took advantage of the cheap Parisian printing to produce three pamphlets: the Constitution of Virginia; the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom, which he co-authored; and his ideas on currency units. Some copies of the Notes were bound up with one or more of the extra pamphlets. This copy contains the first of these. The Virginia Constitution was the first state constitution to be created, drafted in May 1776 as the state declared independence from Great Britain; that Declaration is the preamble of the document. The Virginia Constitution was primarily the work of John Mason and James Madison. It created a bicameral legislature, with a House of Delegates and a Senate, an Executive of a Governor and a Council of State, and inferior and superior courts. The right to vote was closely restricted to white men over twenty-one of fairly significant wealth. At the time he produced the private edition of the Notes, Jefferson had resisted the idea of regular publication. However, the widespread interest the book aroused soon led to rumors that a pirated edition would appear, and to forestall this, regular published editions came out with his blessing in French (Paris, 1786) and in English (London, 1787), soon followed by an American edition (Philadelphia, 1788) and then a flood of reprints. Even these editions have become rare. The true first edition is virtually unobtainable. It represents the book as Jefferson originally conceived of it, as a gift to his friends to help them better understand his beloved state of Virginia. The present copy includes provenance to David S. Franks, with a note on verso of the title page, subsequently cancelled, believed to be in his hand, recording the presentation of the book to him by Jefferson on Feb. 7, 1787. Franks’ meeting with Jefferson on that date is confirmed by their correspondence, with a letter written by Jefferson to Franks on February 8 and a return letter by Franks to Jefferson on February 10, in which he writes: “Permit me my dear Sir at parting to assure you that my heart feels every sentiment of gratitude and attachment to you for the many marks of Friendship which you have shewn me since my stay in France and that it will always be my endeavor to merit the good opinion I flatter myself you have of me.” At the time, Franks was serving in the diplomatic corps as the U.S. Vice Consul at Marseilles and further served as the Secretary to the U.S. Ambassador to Morocco to negotiate a treaty between the two countries. Upon the conclusion of those negotiations, Franks was dispatched to Paris with the treaty to obtain the signatures of Jefferson and John Adams, before crossing the Atlantic to deliver the treaty to Congress. Franks (1740-93), prior to the American Revolution, served as President of Shearith Israel in Montreal, the oldest Jewish congregation in Canada. He joined the American forces under Benedict Arnold in 1775 and was promoted to Major General and Arnold’s aide-de-camp. Fluent in French, Franks served for a time as a liaison officer to the Comte d’Estaing before returning to his position under Benedict Arnold. Although arrested at the time of Arnold’s treason, Franks was exonerated and later served on George Washington’s staff. At the end of the war, Franks was dispatched to deliver the official Treaty of Paris to Benjamin Franklin and served as an honorary assistant to George Washington in his first inauguration procession. An original member of the Society of the Cincinnati, following his diplomatic career, Franks was a cashier at the first Bank of the U.S. in Philadelphia, succumbing to Yellow Fever in the epidemic of 1793. The circumstances of ownership of this book passing from Franks to Edward Livingston (1764-1836) are unclear. Livingston’s father, Robert Livingston, as U.S. Secretary to Foreign Affairs was instrumental in gaining Franks his diplomatic post. The younger Livingston, at the time of Franks’ return from Paris, was a noted lawyer in New York, subsequently serving in Congress. Ironically, Livingston would later become a staunch opponent of Jefferson. SOWERBY, JEFFERSON’S LIBRARY 4167 (vol. 4, pp.301-30.) Coolie Verner, Mr. Jef- ferson Distributes His Notes (New York, 1952). CHURCH 1189. STREETER SALE 1722. SABIN 35894. RICH, p.301. HOWES J78, “c.” VAIL 728. $325,000.

74. Jefferson, Thomas: NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. WITH AN APPENDIX. New York: Printed by M.L. & W.A. Davis – For Furman & Loudon, 1801. 392pp. plus frontispiece portrait, folding map, and folding table. Lacks folding plate of the Natural Bridge in Virginia. Contemporary calf; rebacked, spine gilt. Corners worn and repaired. Light toning and scattered foxing. A good, solid copy.

The self-styled “third American edition,” although there were actually five American editions published before this one. Notes on the State of Virginia is the only book- length work by Jefferson to be published in his lifetime. It has been called “one of America’s first permanent literary and intellectual landmarks.” It was largely written in 1781 and first published in Paris, in French, in 1785. Written in the form of answers to questions about Virginia, the book supplies a description of the geography, with an abundance of supporting material and unusual information. The portrait of Jefferson was engraved by John Scoles, and is pictured and described in Cunningham’s The Image of Thomas Jefferson in the Public Eye.... This is only the second American edition of Jefferson’s Notes with a map. The map which accompanies this copy is the Samuel Lewis map of Virginia, printed in New York in 1794. This is the same map which accompanies the 1794 New York edition, the first American edition of the Notes to have a map. HOWES J78. Noble E. Cunningham, Jr., The Image of Thomas Jefferson in the Public Eye, pp.16-17. SABIN 35906. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 722. CLARK I:262. SOWERBY, JEFFERSON’S LIBRARY 4167. ADAMS, THE EYE OF THOMAS JEFFERSON 57. $3000.

75. Jefferys, Thomas: THE AMERICAN ATLAS; OR, A GEOGRAPH- ICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WHOLE CONTINENT OF AMERICA; WHEREIN ARE DELINEATED AT LARGE ITS SEVERAL REGIONS, COUNTRIES, STATES, AND ISLANDS; AND CHIEFLY THE BRITISH COLONIES.... London: Printed and Published by Robert Laurie and James Whittle...(Successors to the Late Mr. Robert Sayer), 1794. Mounted on guards throughout. Letterpress title with publisher’s overslip (verso blank), 1p. letterpress “Index to the Maps” (verso blank), otherwise engraved throughout. Twenty-three engraved maps, on thirty sheets, all with period hand-coloring in outline. Folio. Expertly bound to style in 18th-century half russia and period marbled boards, spine gilt with raised bands, red morocco label. Very good.

A very rare issue of The American Atlas, the most important 18th-century atlas for America. Walter Ristow describes it as a “geographical description of the whole continent of America, as portrayed in the best available maps in the latter half of the eighteenth century ...as a major cartographic reference work it was, very likely, consulted by American, English, and French civilian administrators and military officers during the Revolution.” As a collection, The American Atlas stands as the most comprehensive, detailed and accurate survey of the American colonies at the beginning of the Revolution. Among the distinguished maps are Braddock Meade’s “A Map of the Most Inhabited Parts of New England,” the largest and most detailed map of New England that had yet been published; a map of “The Provinces of New York and New Jersey” by Samuel Holland, the Surveyor general for the northern American colonies; Wil- liam Scull’s “A Map of Pennsylvania,” the first map of that colony to include its western frontier; Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson’s “A Map of the Most Inhabited part of Virginia,” the best colonial map for the Chesapeake region; and Lieut. Ross’ “Course of the Mississipi,” the first map of that river based on English sources. Jefferys was the leading English cartographer of the 18th century. From about 1750, he published a series of maps of the English American colonies, that were among the most significant produced in the period. As Geographer to the Prince of Wales, and after 1761, Geographer to the King, Jefferys was well placed to have access to the best surveys conducted in America, and many of his maps held the status of “official work.” Jefferys died on November 20, 1771, and in 1775 his successors, Robert Sayer and John Bennett, gathered these separately-issued maps together and republished them in book form as The American Atlas. Following Sayer’s death, the plates were inherited by Laurie and Whittle, who re-issued the atlas with some interesting additions and changes. The maps are as follow. Many of the maps are on several sheets, and in the In- dex, each individual sheet is numbered (the measurements refer to the image sizes).

1-3) Braddock Meade (alias John Green): “A Chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.” Published 21 June 1790. Six sheets joined into three folding sheets. This great wall map was chiefly issued to expose the errors in Delisle and Buache’s map of the Pacific Northwest, published in Paris in 1752. This issue is not listed by Stevens & Tree, but see 4 for earlier issues. 4) Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg: “The Russian Discoveries.” Published March 2nd 1775. One double-page sheet. 5-6) E. Bowen and John Gibson: “A New and Correct Map of North America, and the West India Islands. Divided according to the Preliminary Articles of Peace... wherein are particularly distinguished the United States...Corrected from the Original Materials of Governr. Pownall...1783.” Published 15 August 1786. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets. Pownall’s map, a later issue of the updated version that took into account the results of the Versailles peace treaty of January 1783. STEVENS & TREE 49 (j). 7) Robert Sayer: “The United States of North America with the British Possessions of Canada...also the Spanish Territories of Louisiana and Florida.” Published 1 January 1790. Double-page. Intermediate issue, not listed by Stevens & Tree, but see 51 (d) and (e), for an earlier and later issues. It is interesting to note that the American flag surmounting the cartouche contains just thirteen stars – Vermont did not join the Federal Union until 1791. 8) Samuel Dunn: “A New Map of the United States of North America.” 10 June 1786. Single sheet. STEVENS & TREE 53 (d). 9) Thomas Jefferys, “An Exact Chart of the River St. Laurence from Fort Frontenac to the Island of Anticosti....” Published 25 May 1775. Two sheets joined into one folding sheet. STEVENS & TREE 76 (d). 10) Sayer & Bennett: “A Chart of the Gulf of St. Laurence....” 1 August 1786. Double-page. 11) “A Map of the Island of St. John in the Gulf of St. Laurence....” [n.d.] Double-page. 12) James Cook and Michael Lane: “A General Chart of the Island of Newfound- land....” 10th May 1775. By Thomas Jefferys...Printed for Robt. Sayer. Double- page. 13) “A Chart of the Banks of Newfoundland....” Printed for & Sold by Robt. Sayer ...26th March 1787. Double-page. Based on the surveys of James Cook, Cha- bert, and Fleurieu. 14) Braddock Meade (alias John Green): “A New Map of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island with the Adjacent Parts of New England and Canada....” Printed & Sold by R. Sayer...1 August 1786. Double-page. Originally published in 1755, at the beginning of the French and Indian War, this map “proved to be important in evaluating respective French and English claims to this part of North America” (Ristow). England gained sole possession of the region by the Treaty of Paris, 1763. STEVENS & TREE 66 (k). 15-16) Braddock Meade (alias John Green): “A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of New England.” Publish’d 12 May 1794 by Laurie & Whittle. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets. The first large-scale map of New England. “The most detailed and informative pre-Revolutionary map of New England...not really supplanted until the nineteenth century” – New England Prospect 13. 17) Capt. [Samuel] Holland: “The Provinces of New York and New Jersey, with Part of Pensilvania....” Printed for Robt. Sayer & John Bennett 17 Augt. 1776. Three insets: “A plan of the City of New York,” “A chart of the Mouth of Hudson’s River,” and “A plan of Amboy.” Two sheets joined to form one long folding sheet. An important large-scale map of the Provinces of New York and New Jersey, by Samuel Holland, Surveyor General for the Northern English colonies. With fine insets including a street plan of colonial New York City. 18) Brassier: “A Survey of Lake Champlain....” Printed for Robert Sayer...1 Jany. 1788. Double-page. An intermediate issue not listed by Stevens & Tree, but see Stevens & Tree 25 (b) and 25 (c) for earlier and later issues. Like Stevens & Tree 25 (c), this issue has the title in a cartouche and added noted regarding Lake Champlain. 19) Carver: “A New and Correct Map of the Province of Quebec....” Printed for Robert Sayer...1 Jan. 1788. Double-page. STEVENS & TREE 73 (b). 20) William Scull: “A Map of Pennsylvania Exhibiting not only the Improved Parts of the Province but also its Extensive Frontiers.” Printed for Robt. Sayer & J. Bennett...Published...10 June 1775. Two sheets joined to form one folding sheet. The first map of the Province of Pennsylvania to include its western frontier. All earlier maps had focused solely on the settled eastern parts of the colony. 21-22) Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson: “A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of Vir- ginia, containing the Whole Province of Maryland...Drawn by Joshua Fry & Peter Jefferson in 1775 [sic].” Printed for Robt. Sayer, [n.d.]. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets. An intermediate issue not listed by Stevens & Tree, but see Stevens & Tree 87 (f ) and 87 (g) for issues printed before and afterwards. “The basic cartographical document of Virginia in the eighteenth century...the first to depict accurately the interior regions of Virginia beyond the Tidewater. [It] dominated the cartographical representation of Virginia until the nineteenth century” – Verner. 23-24) Henry Mouzon: “An Accurate Map of North and South Carolina with their Indian Frontiers.” Published by Laurie & Whittle...12th May 1794. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets. “The chief type map for [the Carolinas] during the forty or fifty years following its publication. It was used by both British and American forces during the Revolutionary War” – Cumming. CUMMING 450. STEVENS & TREE 11 (b). 25) Thomas Jefferys: “The Coast of West Florida and Louisiana...The Peninsula and Gulf of Florida.” [Imprint indistinct, but dated 1775]. Two sheets joined into one folding sheet. The imprint is indistinct but the date allied with the presence of the name Bay of Spiritu Santo, both suggest Stevens & Tree 26 (b). A large-scale map of Florida, based upon the extensive surveys conducted since the region became an English possession by the Treaty of Paris (1763). STEVENS & TREE 26 (b). 26) Lieut. Ross: “Course of the Mississipi....Taken on an Expedition to the Illinois, in the latter end of the Year 1765.” Published by Laurie & Whittle...12th May 1794. Two sheets joined into one folding sheet. The first large-scale map of the Mississippi River, and the first based in whole or part upon English surveys. STEVENS & TREE 31 (c). 27) Thomas Jefferys: “The Bay of Honduras.” Printed for Robt. Sayer...20 Feby. 1775. Double-page. 28-29) J.B.B. D’Anville: “A Map of South America....” Printed for Robert Sayer... July the 1st 1787. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets. 30) Cruz Cano [etc.]: “A Chart of the Straits of Magellan.” Printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennett...1st July 1775. Double-page.

PHILLIPS ATLASES 1165. HOWES J81, “b.” STREETER SALE 72. SABIN 35953 (ref ). Ristow, Thomas Jefferys The American Atlas London 1776 (Amsterdam, 1974), facsimile ed. HILL 882 (ref ). $125,000.

One of the Most Famous Pamphlets of the Revolution

76. [ Johnson, Samuel]: TAXATION NO TYRANNY; AN ANSWER TO THE RESOLUTIONS AND ADDRESS OF THE AMERI- CAN CONGRESS. London. 1775. [2],91pp. Lacks half title. 20th-century speckled calf, gilt, by Sangorski and Sutcliffe. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor soiling. Very good.

Fourth edition, published the same year as the first, of this famous political pamphlet by lexicographer Samuel Johnson. Written in response to the opening rumblings of the American Revolution, Johnson’s acerbic pamphlet was published at the height of his popularity and fame. He writes of the Americans, “That it is their duty to pay the cost of their own safety they seem to admit; nor do they refuse their contribution to the exigencies, whatever they may be, of the British empire; but they make this participation of the public burden a duty of very uncertain extent, and imperfect obligation, a duty temporary, occasional and elective, of which they reserve to themselves the right of settling the degree, the time, and the duration, of judging when it may be required, and when it has been performed.” This pamphlet elicited many responses, and doubtless further spurred the cause of the Revolution. ESTC T49889. SABIN 36303. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-69d. COURTNEY & SMITH, p.125. HOWES J149. $1250.

A French Mercenary in the British Service in the American Revolution

77. Joly de St. Valier, Le Sieur: HISTOIRE RAISONÉE DES OPÉRA- TIONS MILITAIRES ET POLITIQUES DE LA DERNIÈRE GUERRE, SUIVIE D’OBSERVATIONS SUR LA RÉVOLUTION QUI EST ARRIVÉE DANS LES MOEURS & SUR CELLE QUI EST SUR LE POINT D’ARRIVER DANS LA CONSTITUTION D’ANGLETERRE. Liege. 1783. xii,235,[1]pp. Without the ten page supplement, which is not always present. Half title. Handsomely bound in contemporary French mottled calf, raised bands, spine richly gilt, gilt morocco label. Light shelf wear. Quite clean internally. A near fine copy. In a cloth chemise and slipcase, gilt leather label.

A firsthand account of the Revolution, by a little-known but fascinating French soldier of fortune who fought for the British. A disputatious and critical man, Joly de St. Valier condemns the British conduct of the war, especially in naval matters, but also heaps some scorn on the French and De Grasse. The ten- page supplement, not included here, was issued separately and is found in only a few copies of the work. It was likely printed later, and continues Joly’s war of words with Sir Joseph Yorke, former British Ambassador at the Hague, who was quite involved in British naval strategy during the war. A very rare work on the market, with much important firsthand material on the military history of the American Revolution. The Streeter copy realized $450 in 1967. SABIN 36428. HOWES J182, “aa.” STREETER SALE 802. GRAFF 2230. $7500.

First Report of the War Department

78. [Knox, Henry]: A PLAN FOR THE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE MILITIA OF THE UNITED STATES. New York. 1790. 26pp. Folio. Dbd. Loose leaves, chipping and wear at edges. Light foxing and soiling. About very good. In a half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

General Henry Knox first made proposals for the organization of a national militia in 1786, during the Confederacy period. With the establishment of the federal government under the Constitution, he renewed his proposals, which were published by order of the House of Representatives on Jan. 18, 1790. This is the first report issued by the War Department, one of the four departments of the new government, and the third issued by the new federal government, preceded only by Hamilton’s appropriations report of 1789 and the same author’s famous report on public credit, issued four days before the present work. Knox argued that a large standing army was “hostile to the principles of liberty,” and suggested that the United States should trust in a well regulated militia, with the potential of calling up all able men between the ages of eighteen and sixty-five as its primary means of defense. A staggered system of call-up would be used, and annual encampments undertaken. All the necessary organizational plans are laid out in the report. A most important work, providing much of the basis for American attitudes about the regular army into the 20th century. EVANS 22958. HOWES K220. $7500.

The Argument from the British Side

79. [Knox, William]: THE CONTROVERSY BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND HER COLONIES REVIEWED; THE SEVERAL PLEAS OF THE COLONIES, IN SUPPORT OF THEIR RIGHT TO ALL THE LIBERTIES AND PRIVILEGES OF BRITISH SUBJECTS, AND TO EXEMPTION FROM THE LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY OF PARLIAMENT.... London. 1769. [4],207,lv pp. plus 8pp. of publisher’s ads. Later paper wrappers. Minor wear and soiling. Con- temporary ownership inscription on titlepage. Some minor foxing and soiling. Very good. Untrimmed. In a blue half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

A pro-British treatise on the misbehaviors of the American colonies. “Ascribed also to Thomas Whately, M.P. and former secretary to Lord Grenville, but probably by Knox, who was Under Secretary of State for America at this time” – Howes. HOWES K226, “aa”. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 69-17a. AMERICAN INDE- PENDENCE 65a. SABIN 38180. ESTC T4080. $900. 80. [Knox, William]: EXTRA OFFICIAL STATE PAPERS. AD- DRESSED TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE LORD RAWDON, AND THE OTHER MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT, ASSOCIAT- ED FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE CONSTITUTION AND PROMOTING THE PROSPERITY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE. Dublin. 1789. 308pp. Half-title. Contemporary three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities heavily worn, boards worn, hinges tender. Mod- ern bookplate on front pastedown. Some negligible soiling, but general quite clean internally. A good, solid copy. In a green half morocco and cloth slipcase.

Dublin edition, published the same year as the London edition. According to Sa- bin, Knox was the deputy Secretary of State for America. A reprint of the London edition, with added matter, containing correspondence dealing largely with Irish affairs. The second volume which appears with the London edition, which is largely concerned with American affairs, was not reprinted in this edition. SABIN 38181. ESTC N9579. $900.

A Remarkable Journal of Two Critical Expeditions

81. Lacey, John, Jr.: [ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT JOURNAL DE- SCRIBING JOHN LACEY, JR.’S 1773 EXPEDITION TO THE DELAWARE INDIANS, AND THE 1776 CANADIAN CAM- PAIGN]. [Pennsylvania. ca. 1777]. Two manuscript journals. [36],[78]pp., about 15,000 words in total. Written on laid paper with a large and unusual watermark depicting a Native American holding a staff. Written in a 12mo. notebook of contemporary plain paper wrappers, entitled “Journals” in manuscript on front wrapper and “John Lacey’s Journal” in manuscript on first leaf. Front wrapper and first gathering of text neatly detached, several leaves loosening. Text tanned. Several instances of cross-outs and corrections in the text. Occasional staining, one leaf torn in bottom edge, affecting a few words, but in very nice original condition. In a half morocco box.

A remarkable American Revolutionary manuscript, describing the participation of John Lacey, Jr. in the 1776 Canadian Campaign, in which he served under Anthony Wayne and clashed many times with that famous figure. Especially noteworthy are Lacey’s descriptions of the poor physical condition of the soldiers of the Continental Army during their retreat from Canada, the illness and death that ran rampant through the camps, and the deplorable state of their supplies and provisions. Lacey’s Revolutionary War journal is preceded by his description of his 1773 Quaker missionary expedition to the Delaware Indians, and his interactions with the Indians in the Ohio country, including the important Chief Logan. The two manuscript accounts are contained in a contemporary notebook, and appear to have been written shortly after the Lacey’s 1776 resignation from the Continental Army, but before he rejoined the army in 1777. Lacey very well may have wanted to record his 1776 experiences, and his clashes with Anthony Wayne, while the events were still fresh in his mind. A version of Lacey’s memoirs were published in 1901, but the published account differs in several respects from the present manuscript. John Lacey, Jr. (1755-1814), was from Bucks County, Pennsylvania. While still a teenager he accompanied his uncle, a Quaker minister, on a missionary visit to the Delaware Indians, in 1773 (see below). Despite his Quaker pacifist religious beliefs, he became captain of a company of Pennsylvania Associators in August 1775. In January 1776 he was commissioned a captain in the Continental Army, as an officer in the 4th Pennsylvania Battalion under Col. Anthony Wayne. He served under Wayne in the ill-fated Canadian Campaign, engaging in a bitter feud with Wayne until resigning in November, 1776. In March 1777 Lacey accepted the office of sub-lieutenant for Bucks County with the rank of lieutenant colonel, taking command of the 4th Battalion of Bucks County militia in May 1777. On Jan. 9, 1778 Lacey was appointed a brigadier general in command of the Pennsyl- vania militia, temporarily replacing Brig. Gen. James Potter. Potter returned to his command, displacing Lacey, in May 1778, but Lacey continued in service as a brigadier general of Pennsylvania militia at least until October 1781. Please note that in the following excerpts from Lacey’s journal, spelling errors in the original have been corrected. The first section here describes Lacey’s remarkable 1773 journey to Ohio to accompany his elderly uncle, the Quaker preacher Zebulon Heston (1702-76), on a missionary visit to the Delaware Indians. The journey of some two months began on July 7, 1773, and Lacey provides detailed information on their route, where they stayed along the way, and who they encountered. After nine days they crossed the Allegheny Mountains, and on July 19 they arrived at Pittsburgh, where they met with the Delaware Chief, Captain White Eyes. “We had a conference with one Captain White Eyes a Delaware Chief who had been lately at Philadelphia. He expressed great satisfaction at our arrival and said he would go with us, but wanted to stay a few days to see Joseph Simons from Lancaster who was going to bring his goods from thence.” White Eyes, however, had to remain in Pittsburgh longer than Heston and Lacey wanted, so they decided to meet up with the Indian trader, John Gibson, and to have him guide them onward.

[Gibson] informed us that John Logan a Mingo Indian was lying opposite his house with an intention to kill him, as he had been creditably informed by a Shananey Indian and that a Delaware had given him the same information and had also come with him. He then got Kiasuta a Mingo Chief and Captain White Eyes together who agreed to go and see what was the matter with Logan and to pacify him and White Eyes informed Gibson in Indian he would attend us all the way to New comers town for he apprehended the behavior of Logan would make us afraid as he should be were he in our places.

Logan was one of the most prominent Indian leaders of the Ohio Valley, and it appears that he blamed Gibson for giving the Indians alcohol, which resulted in the drowning death of a member of the tribe. Lacey records that “about eleven o’clock Logan, Kiasuta, Gerty and several Indians came over to Gibson’s. Logan & Gibson soon began to talk very loud. Kiasuta and all the others stood round them with their tomahawks in their hands and tho Logan at times appeared in a great passion their difference was soon made up.” The next morning they again encountered Logan who, now apparently more sober, “expressed great sorrow for what he had said yesterday and bid us go forward.” Two days later they came to a Moravian Indian town on the Muskingum River, where they met with the local chief Kilbuck (i.e. Lenape/Delaware Chief Gelelemend) and were welcomed:

On the twenty-fifth our guides met us a little out of town on order to conduct us to the King. When we came before the King he received us with great kindness and declared he received us with love and friendship as great as our forefathers and theirs received one another and after giving us the welcome we were conducted to a house they had prepared for us where we were again welcomed....The twenty-sixth we breakfast with one John Freeman a trader and about ten o’clock Captain Kilbuck came and ordered the women to get us some victuals. In about two hours they brought us some hominy boiled in bears grease, boiled squashes, some milk and an Indian cake baked in the ashes. We were visited by the King, Thomas Mekec, the King’s brother White Eyes, Kilbuck and Gibson with whom we had some conversation but not very material.

While in the Indian village Lacey heard stories of fur trappers being attacked by Mingo Indians, but his reception is described as very warm and accommodating, and they held Quaker meetings with the tribal leaders:

On the twenty-eighth we had a middling large meeting. There were Zebulon Heston, John Parish, myself, Friends, Netowelemon King, Thomas Mekee, Kilbuck, White Eyes, Indians Chiefs, Samuel Moor interpreter Abraham Smal- ley and other Indians. John Parish read our certificates from the respective monthly meetings, also an epistle from the Meeting of Friends at Philadelphia which being interpreted to the Indians by the said Moor they expressed their satisfaction and said “Kakeluh,” that is in English, very well. After which a meeting for divine worship was held in which the Indians behaved remarkably sober and attentive. When the meeting for worship was over Captain Kilbuck said if Friends would withdraw they would hold a Council & consider what answer to make, for Friends to take home with them on which we withdrew and went to our House.

The reply of the Indians was quite favorable, and indicated their willingness to accept the Quaker faith. Lacey records:

Captain White Eyes rose up and after receiving from the King a belt spoke thereon as follows. “We are glad and rejoice in our thanks to see our Brothers the Quakers, standing & speaking before us, and that what you have said we believe to be right, and we heartily join in with it. Since our Saviour came a light into the world there has been a great stir among the people about religion, some are for one way & some for another. We have had offers of religion many times, but would not except of it, til we had seen our Brothers the Quakers, and hear what they would say to us. And now you have come and opened the road, and we have heard what you have said, and we have felt the grace that was in your hearts conveyed to us. We think that as we two Brothers the Quakers & Delawares were brought up together as the Children of one man, and that it is our Saviours will we should be of one religion. Now you have come and opened the road, we expect to see the way from town to town, quite over to the great King over the water. Then our King will know that the Quakers and Delawares are as one man and make one religion. We are poor & weak and not able to judge for our selves, and when we think of our Children it makes us sorry; we hope you will instruct us in the right way, both in things of this life as well as the world to come. Now what we have said we hope to be strengthened to abide by.” Then delivered the belt to Zebulon Heston.

Lacey and Heston met with the Delaware over the next few days, and in early August began their journey back to eastern Pennsylvania. He describes the trip, the Quaker meetings they attended over its course, and the country they crossed, writing, for example: “The uplands on the west side of the Ohio is not equal to the uplands on the East side, but the bottoms and on the sides of Creeks & Rivers almost surpasses belief for richness, some places on the hills abounds with freestone of the best quality.” A couple days later, on August 14, “we crossed the Monon- gahela and came to Braddocks Field of Battle which we viewed, saw but very few human bones.” Lacey reached York, Pa., on September 9, left for Philadelphia the next day, “and on the 14 got home.” The next two-thirds of the manuscript journal gives a long and detailed account of Lacey’s first service in the Revolutionary War, beginning with his commission in early 1776 and his subsequent expulsion from the Quakers as a result of his taking up arms. Lacey was first voted a captain of a local Bucks County volunteer militia which disbanded upon pressure from the Quakers. In January, 1776 he was commissioned captain of the 4th Pennsylvania Regiment in the newly formed Continental Army, commanded by Anthony Wayne, with whom Lacey would have a complicated and tempestuous relationship, which is well described in this journal. In fact, early in this memoir Lacey writes that his assignment to Wayne’s battalion had been “unhappily forced,” and that despite his attempts to find another command, “all my endeavors proved inefffectual,” after which Lacey writes (and then crosses out): “by some sinister views of Col. Wayne.” Lacey would first come into conflict with Wayne over the payment of several citizens in Pennsylvania, who had been underpaid by Wayne for the regiment’s hous- ing while en route to meet the army at New York. Lacey discovered that Wayne put the blame for the dispute on Lacey himself, which sorely disappointed him: “this gave me great pain as I then plainly saw the manner the Colonel had imposed upon me, without being able to help myself, and that I had nothing favourable to expect from him whom I had placed my whole dependence upon.” Lacey would return to Pennsylvania to settle the dispute, but upon his return found that Wayne had sent his company to Albany in support of the Canadian invasion. Early on, Lacey writes of the difficulty of enforcing order among the young and unruly troops under his command: “Twenty-eighth [March, 1776] arrived at New York almost wearied to death in keeping my company in order. I find that an officer who has young recruits to command might to act with prudence, and to be endowed with great fortitude. It was through difficulty I got them better regulated here, than it was possible to have them at Darby [Pennsylvania].” Lacey writes that he has heard reports that many of the men in his company are deserting, unhappy that they had been ordered to Canada without him. They had enlisted in order to serve with him, and he being absent “had deserted because I was not with them....In those circumstances how must a man feel, who has made it his only study to raise, discipline, and equip a company of men; and after all have them torn to pieces by the humours of others, such is my unhappy case.” Eventually Lacey appealed to his superiors, and Gen. Nathanael Greene reviewed his case and ordered him to rejoin his company, rather than wait for their return, as Wayne would have preferred. Arriving in Albany in late April, Lacey found that his company had already departed for Lake George, and he continued on in hopes of joining them. He describes the country around Lake George, through which he travelled: “they say in this lake is 365 islands representing the days of the year; the water is clear and wholesome. It is surrounded on all sides with horrid mountains. We arrived at the carrying place between Lake George & Lake Champlain in the dusk of the evening, where we stayed all night.” Lacey finally joined his troops on April 30, near Crown Point. Shortly thereafter he received a reprimand from Wayne for disobeying his orders to remain near New York City. Lacey records the text of Wayne’s message in this volume, and notes “here is a fresh proof, that Colo. Wayne was determined to do me all the ill he could; never have I yet rec’d. one favour from him but to the contrary, he has made it, by all appearances, his study to cross, perplex & disappoint me in almost every way, and this is a glaring instance after all the toil I had undergone to overtake a company I had spent so much care upon, for him arbitrarily to force them by his order, before my eyes, under the command of a fawning favourite, and a younger Captain, who had already drove eight or ten brave soldiers from the company; and had never added the value of three farthings to it. This is too much for mortals to bare [sic].” A few lines later Lacey writes even more harshly of Wayne, words which he subsequently crossed out in the text. Also described is Lacey’s assignment to deliver messages to Benedict Arnold at Montreal, as he was ordered to do so by General John Sullivan. He briefly describes the arduous journey to Montreal, and records on June 6:

...dined with General Arnold in Montreal and about four o’clock this afternoon with five men whom General Arnold had ordered to go with me, set off with express from him to General Sullivan. At the Sorrell, we got in a large canoe, on which we hoisted a blanket for a sail had a fair and easy wind til we came opposite Lapararee when the wind raising to such a degree that we had to steer for shore as fast as we could, which with difficulty we made, but had hardly time to get clear of the canoe before she sunk. We found a battau laying on the shore which we landed [?] and with great difficulty got her under way; the waves running like little mountains. Had it not been for the urgency of the Express I would never of trusted myself amongst them, in such a leaky and tottering vessel. Proceeded all this night down the Saint Lawrence which has but very little current, and contains a great many islands.

Lacey goes on to describe some of the military skirmishes of the summer of 1776, the defeats suffered by the American troops, their retreat from the advancing Brit- ish, and the actions of their commanders. By mid-June they had retreated to Ile aux Noix, near Lake Champlain, and Lacey writes on the nineteenth that “this day the whole army arrived on this island. Eleven of our soldiers died this day, and two officers; had for their coffins only dirty blankets.” Two days later, as the army began to depart Ile aux Noix, Lacey writes:

...our men die here very fast every day. The whole army is infected with the smallpox, fluxes, fevers, and almost eat up with lice. On this island is a shocking scene, such as my eyes never til now beheld; and I pray may never again. Poor mortals laying on the ground covered with the smallpox, lice and maggots by thousands creeping over them, some a blanket to lay on, some none....Almost all the doctors out of medicines so, that little relief is to be expected for them, from that quarter. We were this day alarmed by the fire of some guns at a Canadian’s house opposite the lower end of this island toward St. John’s: where a party of the sixth Pens. Batt. officers was drinking some spruce beer, with the inhabitant were surprised by a party of Indians, who had been lurking in the woods, they took six of them prisoners, left four killed whom they had inhumanely scalped and barbarously tomahawked. Two only made their escape.

In mid-July, 1776, Lacey was ordered to lead some 150 men to Fort Ticonderoga, where many units of the Continental Army were gathering. He describes the scene: “On the 15th returned with the 6th Regiment to Ticonderoga. The New Jersey, New York, and New England troops encamped on the east side, and high point of land opposite the old fort of Ticonderoga, which they called Rattlesnake Hill, on account of the great number of that venomous serpent found there, on clearing the ground where they began to fortify and where they had pitched their tents. On the troops first taking possession, it was covered with thick underwood and timber growing on it. The Pennsyl. troops, composed of the first, second, fourth & sixth regiments, lay on a level piece of ground, on the back or north of the Fort, and large house, where Gen. Gates had his headquarters.” Lacey goes on to relate the work undertaken to refortify Ticonderoga, as breastworks that had been last utilized during the French & Indian War were rebuilt, and he also describes the daily drills undertaken by the troops, in preparation for an anticipated British attack. Lacey also gives an account of the sorry state of supplies and food for the army:

The meal of flour was hardly ground – it was what at my father’s mill in Bucks County we called chopped....The pork had chiefly been taken from the neighborhood of Albany. The barrels in which it was packed became leaky by handling, had long lost the pickle and such of the pork that did not stink was so rusty it could not be eaten. The way it was cooked as I saw it, and had it done for my own eating – was, first to fry it in an iron pan, or vessel, so as to get all the fat or grease out of the meat, then throw it away, making the meal into a kind of batter, pouring it into the grease, after holding it over the fire a short time we had a very rich and eatable cake which served both for meat and bread. We had chocolate, tea, & some coffee, we sweetened with maple sugar. This would have done very well if we could but procure enough of it, for we seldom drew more than half the ration, and often times not a third. As to fresh meat, I don’t recollect seeing any.

Interestingly, Lacey also records the reception of the recent news of the Continen- tal Congress’s Declaration of Independence: “Col. Johnston brought with him the Declaration of Congress of the Independence of America. It made a little buzz, but was soon forgotten. No particular notice was taken of it.” By mid-July Lacey’s frustrations with Wayne’s seemingly capricious decisions had led him to decide to resign his commission, only to be rebuffed by other commanders. The text concludes with further descriptions of the poor relations between Lacey and Wayne, particularly with Lacey’s recounting of his detainment by Wayne after comments about Wayne were overheard while several men drank in Lacey’s tent. Lacey closed the 1776 campaign at Fort Ticonderoga and was sent back to Pennsylvania by Wayne in order to recruit more soldiers into the 4th Pennsylvania. Lacey ultimately used this as an opportunity to resign his commission. He would fight as a volunteer in the Battle of Germantown before re-enlisting and being commissioned Brigadier General in January 1778 where he was instrumental in the protection of Washing- ton’s depleted troops at Valley Forge. A remarkably rich narrative by a major Revolutionary War figure, describing his pre-war Quaker mission to the Delaware Indians, his thrilling experiences taking part in the Canadian Campaign of 1776, and his very contentious relationship with Anthony Wayne. $75,000.

Important Atlas of the Revolution

82. Le Rouge, Georges Louis: ATLAS AMERIQUAIN SEPTENTRION- AL CONTENANT LES DETAILS DES DIFFERENTES PROV- INCES, DE CE VASTE CONTINENT. TRADUIT DES CARTES LEVÉES PAR ORDRE DU GOUVERNEMENT BRITANNIQUE. PAR LE MAJOR HOLLAND, EVANS, SCULL, MOUZON, ROSS, COOK, LANE, GILBERT, GARDNER, HILLOCK, &c. &c. Paris: Chez Le Rouge, 1778. Engraved frontispiece depicting William Penn meeting with the Indians after Benjamin West; engraved title incorporating table of contents; seventeen engraved maps (nine double-page, eight folding; fourteen with period hand-coloring in outline). The maps numbered in contemporary manuscript. Folio. Expertly bound to style in 18th-century russia over contemporary marbled paper covered boards, flat spine in seven compartments divided by gilt rules, brown morocco lettering piece in the second compart- ment. Provenance: unidentified European ink stamp on title with Royal arms; Leander van Ess (1772-1847, bookplate on verso of title).

The atlas was issued soon after France’s entry into the war of the American Revo- lution and it served French commanders in the land campaigns. Le Rouge used the best large-scale general survey maps that were available including the famous John Mitchell map of North America in eight sheets. Other cornerstone Ameri- can multi-sheet maps here are: the Braddock Mead map of New England, the Montresor New York, Scull’s Pennsylvania, the Fry and Jefferson map of Virginia and Maryland, Mouzon’s of the Carolinas, De Brahm’s Georgia (with large scale insets of Sauthier’s map of the Hudson River and Lake Champlain), and Jefferys’ Louisiana and East and West Florida. Remarkably complete in its geographical coverage of the Thirteen Colonies, the Atlas Ameriquain drew upon the available British sources, as published by Jefferys, Faden, Sayer and Bennett, to which Le Rouge added his own work. It became the basic source for French strategic plan- ning and pursuit of the war. The maps comprise:

1) “L’Amerique Suivant le R.P. Charlevoix jte. Mr. De La Condamine et plusiers autres nouvle. observations.” 1777. Double-page. 19½ x 25½ inches. Handcolored in outline. With a Le Rouge overslip covering the imprint in the cartouche. 2) “Theatre de la Guerre en Amerique.” 1777. Double-page. 24 5/8 x 20 inches. Handcolored in outline. McCORKLE 777.14. SELLERS & VAN EE 154. 3) John Mitchell: “Amerique Septentrionale avec les Routes, Distances en miles, Villages et Etablissements François et Anglois par le Docteur Mitchel...Cor- rigee en 1776 par M. Hawkins.” 1777. 8 sheets joined as 4. Approximately 59 x 79 inches. Handcolored in outline. McCORKLE 777.15. RISTOW, p.112. TOOLEY. p,124. MORELAND & BANNISTER, pp.171-72. 4) Jonathan Carver: “Nouvelle Carte de la Province de Quebec...par le Capitaine Carver et autres.” 1777. Double-page. 20 x 26¾ inches. Handcolored in outline. 5) Thomas Jefferys: “Nouvelle Ecosse ou Partie Orientale du Canada. Traduitte de l’Anglois de la Carte de Jefferys publiée a Londres en May 1755.” [1777]. Double-page. 20 x 24¼ inches. 6) Braddock Mead: “A Map of the most Inhabited part of New England containing the Provinces of Massachusets Bay and New Hampshire with the Colonies of Connecticut and Rhode Island...La Nouvelle Angleterre en 4 Feuilles.” 1777. 4 sheets joined as 2. Approximately 38½ x 40¼ inches. Handcolored in outline. McCORKLE 755.19. SELLERS & VAN EE 802. Crone, “John Green. Notes on a neglected Eighteenth Century Geographer and Cartographer” in IMAGO MUNDI VI (1950), pp.89-91. Crone, “Further Notes on Braddock Mead, alias John Green” in IMAGO MUNDI VIII (1951), p.69. CUMMING, BRITISH MAPS OF COLONIAL AMERICA, pp.45-47. 7) Captain John Montresor: “Province de New York en 4 feuilles par Montresor.” 1777. 4 sheets joined as 2. Approximately 56 x 36½ inches. Handcolored in outline. McCORKLE 777.16. SELLERS & VAN EE 1068. 8) Claude Joseph Sauthier and Bernard Ratzer: “Carte des Troubles de l’Amerique levee par ordre de Chevalier Tryon Capitaine Generale et Gouverneur de la Prov- ince de New-York ensemble le Province de New-Jersey par Sauthier et Ratzer.” 1778. Double-page. 28¼ x 21 inches. Handcolored in outline. McCORKLE 778.18. 9) William Scull: “A Map of Pennsylvania exhibiting not only the improved parts of that Province but also its extensive Frontiers...La Pensilvanie en 3 Feuilles.” [1778]. 3 sheets joined. 27¼ x 52½ inches. Handcolored in outline. SELLERS & VAN EE 1297. PHILLIPS, p.675. 10) Joshua Fisher: “Baye de la Delaware avec les Ports, Sondes, Dangers, Bancs &c. depuis les Cape jusqu’a Philadelphie.” 1777. Double-page. 19¾ x 25½ inches. SELLERS & VAN EE 1357. PHILLIPS, p.262. 11) Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson: “Virginie, Maryland en 2 feuilles par Fry et Jeffer- son.” 1777. 2 sheets joined. 27 x 39½ inches. Handcolored in outline. CUMMING, SOUTHEAST IN EARLY MAPS 281. DEGREES OF LATITUDE 30. PHILLIPS, p.982. 12) Henry Mouzon: “An Accurate Map of North and South Carolina with their Indian Frontiers...Caroline Septentrionale et Meridionale en 4 feuilles.” 1777. 4 sheets joined as 2. Approximately 40 x 54 inches. Handcolored in outline. SELLERS & VAN EE 1395. PHILLIPS, p.615. CUMMING 450. 13) William Gerard De Brahm: “Caroline Meridionale et Partie de la Georgie.” 1777. 4 sheets joined as 2. Approximately 52 x 41 inches. Handcolored in outline. With a large inset of the course of the Hudson River after Sauthier. CUMMING 310 (ref ). DEGREES OF LATITUDE 57 (ref ). PHILLIPS, p.820. 14) Nathaniel Pocock: “Nouvelle Carte des Cotes des Caroline Septentrionales et Meridionales du Cap Fear a Sud Edisto Levees et Sondees par N. Pocock en 1770.” 1777. Double-page. 16½ x 22 inches. SELLERS & VAN EE 1398. 15) Thomas Jefferys: “Carte de la Floride Occidentale et Louisian...La Peninsule et Golfe de la Floride ou Canal de Bahama avec les Iles de Bahama.” 1777. 2 sheets joined. 19½ x 47½ inches. Handcolored in outline. 16) Le Rouge: “La Martinique une des Antilles Françoises de l’Amerique.” 1753 [but 1777]. Double-page. 20¼ x 25½ inches. Handcolored in outline. 17) Le Rouge: “La Guadeloupe.” 1753 [but 1777]. Double-page. 19 x 21½ inches. Handcolored in outline.

PHILLIPS ATLASES 1212. HOWES J81. SABIN 35954. SCHWARTZ & EHREN- BERG, p.202. $95,000.

Scarce Account of Revolutionary Politics in South Carolina by “the greatest Rascall among the King’s Friends”

83. [Leigh, Sir Egerton, 1st Baronet of South Carolina]: CONSIDER- ATIONS ON CERTAIN POLITICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE PROVINCE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. London: T. Cadell, 1774. [4], 83pp. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Period manuscript annotations. Text clean. Very good.

Leigh was the attorney-general of South Carolina just prior to the Revolution, and an able and capable servant of the Crown. Proclaiming himself “a downright Placeman,” Leigh used his position and influence to make a fortune and be granted a baronetcy for his services. As the Revolution gathered he came into direct conflict with the wealthiest South Carolina citizen, Henry Laurens, soon to be one of the leaders of the Revolution, and with Thomas Lynch, a delegate to the First Continental Congress at the time this pamphlet was issued, who proclaimed Leigh “the greatest Rascall among the King’s Friends.” In this pamphlet Leigh attacks his patriot enemies. “This shrewd and dispassionate examination of the internal disputes of the colony of South Carolina, contains a detail of curious and interesting transactions” – Sabin. This pamphlet, which has also been attributed to William H. Drayton, elicited a response by Arthur Lee, in which Leigh is identified as the author. Shortly after publication Leigh was forced to flee to England. Quite rare, accorded a “b” by Howes. HOWES L239. SABIN 39923. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-47. $3500.

Releasing Loyalists at the End of the Revolution

84. Lincoln, Benjamin: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM BENJAMIN LINCOLN TO GOVERNOR WILLIAM LIVINGS- TON, REGARDING THE RELEASE OF PRISONERS OF WAR]. Philadelphia. June 28, 1782. [2]pp. plus integral address leaf. Folio. Old fold lines. Some separation between leaves. Very minor foxing and toning. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Secretary of War General Benjamin Lincoln writes to New Jersey Governor William Livingston regarding the release of prisoners of war into New York state. Benjamin Lincoln served as a major general in the Continental Army, noted for being the commanding officer at the surrender of Charleston (May 1780) and for accepting Lord Cornwallis’ sword at the time of his surrender at Yorktown. He subsequently served as Secretary of War and Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor. In this letter he writes to Governor Livingston informing him that many prisoners of war (likely Loyalists) in New York have expressed a wish to return to their employment, and he has been petitioned for their release.

Dear Sir, Mr. Stewart informs me that there are a number of inhabitants of your state now in gaol as prisoners of war who went from you some time since and joined the enemy. As many of them are good forge men and colliers & wish to return to their former employment, he has requested that I would permit it. I do not think myself authorised to turn such men into your state without your permission. Should you think proper to have them liberated, a line from you to the commissary of prisoners at Lancaster expressing your wish will be sufficient for I will direct him to relegate all such of your inhabitants as you shall name.

Given Livingston’s strong anti-Loyalist sentiments, it may be doubtful that he had the men released, no matter what their occupation and abilities. A reluctant politician, William Livingston nevertheless rose to prominence in colonial New York and New Jersey, in part due to his wealth and family connections. He was the first governor of the state of New Jersey, holding that office from 1776 until his death in 1790. Livingston was extremely popular with his constituents, and was fiercely anti-Loyalist. During this time, Livingston was constantly on the move to avoid assassination, bringing him into close contact with his constituents. This sensitized him to their needs in a way few others in his station would know, additionally fuelling his desire for reforms, including the abolition of slavery. $1350.

85. [Lind, John]: REMARKS ON THE PRINCIPAL ACTS OF THE THIRTEENTH PARLIAMENT OF GREAT BRITAIN. London. 1775. xvi,[4],500pp. 19th-century three-quarter calf and marbled boards, rebacked, corners renewed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Ink stamp on titlepage. Light wear to titlepage, negligible foxing in text. About very good.

A defense of the stand taken by Parliament over the situation with the American colonies, though Lind does offer a plan for resolution. The Acts passed by the Parliament in question include the Intolerable Acts, which are discussed in this volume. Lind proposes an American Bill of Rights, which would more clearly de- fine the relationship between the colonies and the mother country, would outline American protections, and would assert the supremacy of the British Parliament over the colonies. Contains much information on the political upheavals surrounding the start of the American Revolution. Though the titlepage lists this as “Vol. I,” no more were published. ESTC T77304. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-84. HOWES L352. $1500.

Important Boston Massacre Oration

86. Lovell, James: AN ORATION DELIVERED APRIL 2d, 1771. AT THE REQUEST OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF BOSTON; TO COMMEMORATE THE BLOODY TRAGEDY OF THE FIFTH OF MARCH, 1770. Boston: Printed by Edes and Gill, by Order of the Town of Boston, 1771. 19pp. Titlepage with double black border. Quarto. Modern three-quarter red calf and cloth, gilt leather label. Extremities rubbed. Old institutional ink stamp on half title. Minor soiling and foxing. Very good.

An important oration delivered in the wake of the Boston Massacre. This was the first such oration, and their annual delivery became a patriotic staple. “This oration, asserting the rights of the colonists to ‘full English liberty’ is one of the classics of the revolutionary period. It is the first Boston Massacre oration” – Streeter. EVANS 12099. CHURCH 1086. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 85. STREETER SALE 742. SABIN 42374. $2500. Important Rebuttal of Tarleton’s History

87. Mackenzie, Roderick: STRICTURES ON LT. COL. TARLETON’S HISTORY “OF THE CAMPAIGNS OF 1780 AND 1781, IN THE “SOUTHERN PROVINCES OF NORTH AMERICA”...TO WHICH IS ADDED, A DETAIL OF THE SIEGE OF NINETY SIX, AND THE RE-CAPTURE OF THE ISLAND OF NEW- PROVIDENCE. London: Printed for the Author, 1787. [2],vi,186pp., plus a portrait of Tarleton bound in as a frontispiece. Modern three quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, raised bands, gilt leather spine label. New endpapers. A bit of light, scattered foxing. A very good copy.

This is the first and only edition, called “Scarce” by Sabin. Mackenzie defends Lord Cornwallis, and is severely critical of Tarleton’s History..., claiming that in that work “some facts have been withheld, and some mutilated, while others are raised to a pitch of importance, to which, if historical justice had been the author’s object, they are by no means entitled.” Tarleton commanded a Tory cavalry unit, the British Legion, during the American Revolution, and was infamous for his brutal tactics. Mackenzie was a lieutenant in the 7th Regiment. Sabin attributes the account of the siege of Ninety-Six to Lieut. Hatton. This copy is enhanced by a portrait of a very youthful looking Banastre Tarleton, published in the March, 1782 issue of the London Magazine, which has been bound in as a frontispiece. A very useful history of the Revolutionary War. HOWES M138. SABIN 43431. $3000.

88. [Macpherson, James]: THE RIGHTS OF GREAT BRITAIN AS- SERTED AGAINST THE CLAIMS OF AMERICA: BEING AN ANSWER TO THE DECLARATION OF THE GENERAL CON- GRESS. London. 1776. [4],92pp. Half title. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Minor soiling and foxing. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth folder.

Second edition, after the first edition of the same year, of this important political tract, replying to the American Congress’ “Declaration...setting forth the causes and necessity of their taking up arms,” which is printed in the rear of the pamphlet. Authorship of this work is in doubt, Adams crediting James Macpherson, who was retained by Lord North as a political writer, and Howes crediting Sir John Dal- rymple. The pamphlet, which was widely disseminated, sets forth the ministerial position on the situation in America. This is the second of over twenty editions. HOWES D37. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-95b. SABIN 18347. ESTC T53757. $1000. The Best Work on the French and Indian War

89. Mante, Thomas: THE HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR IN NORTH- AMERICA, AND THE ISLANDS OF THE WEST-INDIES, IN- CLUDING THE CAMPAIGNS OF MDCCLXIII AND MDCCLX- IV AGAINST HIS MAJESTY’S ENEMIES. London: Printed for W. Strahan and T. Cadell, 1772. [4],viii,542pp. plus errata and eighteen folding engraved maps. Large quarto. Expertly bound to style in half 18th-century russia and period marbled boards, spine gilt with raised bands in six compartments, morocco label. Very good.

The best contemporary account of the French and Indian War, justly celebrated for its cartography and textual content, and one of the great rarities of colonial Americana, complete with all maps and the elusive errata leaf. Virtually all of Mante’s account relates to the war in North America, with detailed narratives of Braddock’s campaign and the other frontier and Canadian campaigns of the conflict. The work is particularly desirable for its contemporary descriptions of Pontiac’s War, a campaign in which the author participated as major of brigade to Colonel Dudley Bradstreet. In addition, the introduction includes an interesting account of young George Washington’s escape in 1753 from assassination by an Indian who acted as his interpreter and guide. Mante evidently took great care to gather information that was both historically and cartographically accurate for the present work. The maps are praised by all bibliographers as being by far the best relating to the war, and include several seminal maps which are the most accurate produced to that time. They comprise:

1) “Fort Beau Sejour, & the adjacent Country Taken Possession of by Colonel Monckton” 2) “Lake Ontario to the Mouth of the River St. Lawrence” 3) [Map of Lake George and vicinity] 4) “A Plan of Fort Edward & Its Environs on Hudsons River” 5) “Communication Between Albany & Oswego” 6) “Attack on Louisbourg” [by Amherst & Boscawen] 7) “The Attack of Ticonderoga” [by Major General Abercromby] 8) “Plan of Fort Pitt or Pittsbourg” 9) “Guadaloupe” 10) “Attack on Quebec” [by Wolfe & Saunders] 11) “A Sketch of the Cherokee Country” 12) “The River Saint Lawrence from Lake Ontario to the Island of Montreal” 13) “A Plan of the Attack upon Fort Levi” 14) “River St. Lawrence from Montreal to the Island of St. Barnaby...& the Islands of Jeremy” 15) “A View of the Coast of Martinico Taken by Desire of Rear Adml Rodney” 16) “Part, of the West Coast, of the Island of Saint Lucia” 17) “Plan of the Retaking Newfoundland” [by Colville & Amherst] 18) “Attack of the Havanna” [by Albemarle & Pococke]

Sabin writes of this great rarity: “Copies with all the maps are scarce. It is probable that but few were printed, though the large and beautiful plans and military maps (which gave it so great a value), must have made its production a work of much expense.” CHURCH 1092. HOWES M267, “c.” STREETER SALE 1031. FIELD 1003. SABIN 44396. $75,000.

90. Marshall, John: THE LIFE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, COM- MANDER IN CHIEF OF THE AMERICAN FORCES, DURING THE WAR WHICH ESTABLISHED THE INDEPENDENCE OF HIS COUNTRY, AND FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES...TO WHICH IS PREFIXED, AN INTRODUCTION, CONTAINING A COMPENDIOUS VIEW OF THE COLONIES .... Philadelphia. 1804-1807. Five volumes and separate atlas volume of 22pp. and ten maps (most double-page). Text volumes: Portrait. Thick octavo. Mod- ern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, gilt leather labels. Contemporary ownership signature to each title page. Very light, occasional foxing; mostly a very clean copy. Some small, marginal paper repairs in the atlas volume. Lacking a small portion (perhaps the upper fifth) of Plate IX in the atlas volume. Overall, very good.

First issue of the text with the first edition quarto atlas. The classic biography of Washington. “After the able, accurate and comprehensive work of Chief Justice Marshall, it would be presumptuous to attempt a historical biography of Washington” – Jared Sparks. Later American editions omitted the history of the colonies, which is the subject of the first volume. The atlas volume contains ten maps relating to the Revolution and 22pp. of subscriber’s names. HOWES M317 “aa”. SABIN 44788. LARNED 1561. $5000.

Massachusetts Attempts to Control Currency in 1779

91. [Massachusetts]: STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS-BAY. IN COUN- CIL. JUNE 11, 1779. RESOLVED, THAT THE FOLLOWING AD- DRESS BE PRINTED IN HAND-BILLS AND SENT TO THE SEVERAL MINISTERS OF THE GOSPEL IN THE TOWNS AND PARISHES WITHIN THIS STATE...[caption title]. [Boston: Edes & Gill], 1779. Broadside, 18 x 13½ inches. Printed in four columns. Some minor loss. Backed with heavier paper. Very good. Matted.

Proclamation made by the Massachusetts state congress concerning the economic impact of the Revolutionary War upon the currency, and noting France’s alliance with the States. By 1779 the colonies were embroiled in a financial crisis. The Continental dollar was depreciating rapidly, and it was becoming increasingly difficult for the state and national governments to supply the army. The broadside blames not the dollar but the “artifices of men” for price-gouging and monopolizing goods. Likewise, the Congress indicates that more money is needed to defray the cost of the war:

Your governments being now established, and your ability to contend with your invaders ascertained, we have on the most mature deliberation judged it indispensably necessary to call upon you for forty five millions of dollars, in addition to the fifteen millions required by a resolution of Congress of the 2d of January last, to be paid to the Continental treasury before the 1st day of January next....

The text continues, announcing the alliance with France and exhorting the people to repulse their enemies and hold fast to the cause. On March 18, 1780 the Conti- nental Congress passed a law withdrawing the older, inflation-ridden currency. The law called for each state to collect its share of outdated currency. Massachusetts’ share amounted to over £5 million. ESTC locates only five copies, at the American Antiquarian Society, Boston Public Library, Massachusetts Historical Society, Rosenbach Library, and Yale University. EVANS 16637. FORD 2191. CUSHING 1073. ESTC W34194. $6000.

The Final Accepted Version of the Seminal Massachusetts Constitution

92. [Massachusetts]: A CONSTITUTION OR FRAME OF GOVERN- MENT, AGREED UPON BY THE DELEGATES OF THE PEO- PLE OF THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS-BAY, IN CONVEN- TION, BEGUN AND HELD AT CAMBRIDGE ON THE FIRST OF SEPTEMBER, 1779, AND CONTINUED BY ADJOURN- MENTS TO THE SECOND OF MARCH, 1780. (REVISED AND CORRECTED.). Boston: Printed by Benjamin Edes & Sons, 1780. [3]- 43pp. Lacks the half title. 19th-century brown half morocco and embossed cloth, spine gilt. Spine lightly rubbed. Bookplate on front pastedown. Discreet ex-lib. markings of the John Carter Brown Library. Light foxing. Very good.

Final version of the first Massachusetts state constitution, a document of capital importance in the framing of subsequent state constitutions and the United States Constitution as well. A slightly more radical constitution was proposed in 1778 which, for example, granted suffrage to all males except Blacks, Indians, and mu- lattoes, but it was rejected by the people. A new version was printed in early 1780 for approval, and then printed in this, the final accepted format. It begins with a long declaration of the rights of Massachusetts citizens (including freedom of the press and protection from unreasonable searches), and then spells out the roles and powers of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. “In some respects the constitution of 1780 remedied the defects of its predecessor of 1778. A bill of rights assured to each citizen ‘the security of his person and property’ as an unassailable condition to the social contract. A strong executive with extensive veto powers, an independent judiciary appointed for good behavior, and a senate representing property effectively restrained the house of representatives, the only popular branch of government” – Handlin. There is also a section continuing the special privileges of Harvard College, and another encouraging the appreciation of literature in the commonwealth. The Handlins note that John Adams’ role was pre-eminent in the crafting of the 1780 constitution. It is a constitution that served as a guide for other states and for the Constitutional Convention of 1787. See the Handlins’ Commonwealth for an extended discussion of the creation and importance of the Massachusetts constitution. “Despite the title, Massachusetts is declared to be a free and independent Commonwealth (not State), and its people are referred to repeatedly as ‘subjects.’ Freedom of religion is guaranteed to all Protestants, except that Catholics are barred from holding office. (However, there is nothing to keep them from coming to New York to run for office.) Enfranchisement is based solely on property” – Eberstadt. A state constitution of great influence. EVANS 16845. EBERSTADT, AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONS (166) 71 (ref ). Oscar & Mary Handlin, Commonwealth (Cambridge, 1969), esp. pp.24-31. $3000.

Ratifying the Constitution in Massachusetts

93. [Massachusetts]: DEBATES, RESOLUTIONS AND OTHER PRO- CEEDINGS, OF THE CONVENTION OF THE COMMON- WEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, CONVENED AT BOSTON, ON THE 9th OF JANUARY 1788, AND CONTINUED UNTIL THE 7th OF FEBRUARY FOLLOWING, FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSENTING TO AND RATIFYING THE CONSTITUTION RECOMMENDED BY THE GRAND FEDERAL CONVENTION. TOGETHER WITH THE YEAS AND NAYS ON THE DECISION OF THE GRAND QUESTION. TO WHICH THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION IS PREFIXED. Boston: Printed and sold by Adams and Nourse, Benjamin Russell...and Edmund Freeman..., 1788. 219pp. Con- temporary tree calf, spine gilt, leather label. Extremities rubbed. Contemporary ownership inscription on front fly leaf. Lightly foxed. Very good.

“These Debates were recorded by printers representing the Massachusetts Centinel and Independent Chronicle in Boston and were reprinted from them. A later edition (1856) included the official journal and notes on the debates kept by Theophilus Parsons, a delegate to the state convention and later chief justice of the Massachu- setts Supreme Court. “The ratification process in Massachusetts was viewed with anxiety by supporters of the Constitution throughout the nation. Massachusetts was a key state, and it was thought that actions there might determine the ultimate fate of the Constitution. The struggle was hard, bitter, and characterized by wild rumor and allegations of corrupt behavior...The Federalist strategy was to ratify the Constitution first and then consider amendments to it...On February 6 the Constitution was endorsed by the narrow vote of 187 to 168. Massachusetts became the sixth state to ratify...Mas- sachusetts was the first state to propose amendments along with ratification, setting a pattern for the states that followed. All except Maryland and Rhode Island were to ratify and simultaneously propose amendments” – Liberty’s Legacy. The debates of other states were also extensively published. That of Virginia, where many of the leaders of the Revolution were delegates, appeared in two volumes in 1788. LIBERTY’S LEGACY USC-25. EVANS 21242. SABIN 45702. $4250.

“It would take more time than I have so far been able to give to guess whether or not it is fiction” – Streeter

94. Milfort, Louis: MÉMOIRE OU COU-D’OEIL RAPIDE SUR MES DIFÉRENS VOYAGES ET MON SÉJOUR DANS LA NATION CRËCK. Paris: de l’imprimerie de Giguet et Michaud, 1802. [4],331,[1]pp. Half title. Original boards, expertly rebacked to style, morocco label. Bookplate on front pastedown. Occasional marginal dampstaining, light scattered foxing; small, darker, stain in margin of first few leaves. Signed by Milfort on the verso of the title (as usual with this book). Very good.

Signed by Milfort on a statement of au- thenticity on the verso of the titlepage, as in all copies. A remarkable account of a Frenchman’s travels and adventures among the Creek Indians in the Mississippi Valley in the late 1770s and early 1780s. Some of the details in this narrative are sufficiently extraordinary that various commentators have questioned Milfort’s veracity. “There are, however, corroborative circumstances which confirm his statements, and induce us to give a fair degree of credence to his narrative. At the time of his arrival among the Creeks, a half-breed named McGillivray, had obtained so great an influence over them by his talent for organization, that he had actually acquired the rank of head chief. Milfort was received with great cordiality; married his Indian sister, and in a short time was made commander of the warriors of the nation. He led them against both the Spaniards and the Americans, and by his aid the Indians defeated the forces of each in several skirmishes” – Field. “The truth is that Milfort was a hopeless liar; and as a result his book is one of the most interesting and curious books of French travel in America in the eighteenth century...His book is often hostile to the colonists. Certain descriptions of life among the Indians and frontiersmen are interesting. But what confidence can be placed in a man who was capable of describing how he, in command of six thousand Indians, had defeated George Rogers Clark and an army of ten thousand regulars!” – Monaghan. “It would take more time than I have so far been able to give to guess whether or not it is fiction” – Streeter. This book is dedicated to Napoleon; Milfort signs himself: “Tastanégy ou grand Chef de guerre de la nation Crëck.” The Siebert copy in 1999 was the first to have appeared at auction since the Streeter sale in 1967. HOWES M599, “b.” SABIN 48949. FIELD 1065. SERVIES 761. ECHEVERRIA & WILKIE 802/37. GRAFF 2792. STREETER SALE 1529. SIEBERT SALE 606. MONAGHAN 1073. $6000. 95. Mitchell, John: Le Rouge, Georges Louis: AMERIQUE SEPTEN- TRIONALE AVEC LES ROUTES, DISTANCES EN MILES, VIL- LAGES ET ETABLISSEMENTS FRANÇOIS ET ANGLOIS. PAR LE DOCTEUR MITCHEL TRADUIT DE L’ANGLOIS...CORI- GEE EN 1776 PAR M. HAWKINS.... Paris: Le Rouge, 1777. Engraved map, handcolored in outline, on 8 sheets (individual sheets: 27 ¼ x 21 inches, if joined would form a single large sheet 59 x 79 inches), with large allegorical cartouche and inset map of Hudson Bay and Labrador. Small repaired tear. Good condition. In a red morocco backed box.

A fine example of a French edition of Mitchell’s monumental mapping of Colonial America, a scarce issue published during the American Revolution. “John Mitchell was not a mapmaker by profession, rather he was a medical doctor, natural philosopher, and botanist of considerable merit. Yet his sole cartographic endeavor...was perhaps the greatest produced in the history of America” – Degrees of Latitude. Mitchell’s Map of the British and French Dominions in North America is widely regarded as the most important map in American History. Prepared on the eve of the French and Indian War, it was the second large format map of North America printed by the British and included the best up to date information on the region. Over the next century, it would play a key role in the resolution of every significant boundary dispute involving the northern border of the then British Colonies and later the United States. It was also the map-of-record at the birth of the United States and continued in this role through several decades in the early life of the country. John Mitchell, a respected British physician, botanist, chemist, biologist, and surveyor, lived for a time in Virginia, but returned to England in 1746, where he remained. Mitchell initially conceived of his map of North America as the best method of presenting to the British public, in a single large format image of all the colonies, the extent of the French threat to the British claims in North America. Mitchell completed his first draft of the map in 1750. However, because he was limited to publicly available sources of information, this initial effort was rather crude (even in Mitchell’s own opinion). But word of Mitchell’s work spread, and the Board of Trade and Plantations retained Mitchell to make a new map, using the official manuscript and printed maps and reports in the Board’s possession, including maps by Fry and Jefferson, Christopher Gist, George Washington, John Barnwell, and others. The Board also instructed all the colonial governors to send detailed maps and boundary information for Mitchell’s use. Mitchell’s map was first published by Andrew Millar in 1755, the year before war broke out with the French. The map is decidedly pro-English in its interpretation of the various boundaries and geographical information depicted on the map, as would be expected for what amounted to thinly veiled pre-war propaganda. In addition to the geographical detail shown on the map, Mitchell included many annotations describing the extent of British and French settlements. He also submitted a report to the Board in 1752, listing the French encroachments and his ideas of ways to encourage British settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, as a means of combating French influence in the region. Mitchell’s map shows the British Colonial claims of Virginia, both Carolinas, and Georgia extending beyond the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. In the West, Mitchell’s treatment of the lower Missouri is a vast improvement over earlier maps. Regarding the source of the Missouri, Mitchell noted that the Missouri river was reckoned to run westward to the Mountains of New Mexico, as far as the Ohio does eastward, reflecting his belief in symmetrical geography. Mitchell correctly shows the northern branch of the Missouri to be the main branch of the river, although his estimate of the latitude of the river’s source is inaccurate. Nonetheless, the information Mitchell’s map provided led Meriwether Lewis to explore the Marias River to determine the northern reaches of the Missouri River basin. The present French edition appeared in 1777 within Le Rouge’s Atlas Ameriquain Septentrional. Le Rouge had first published an edition of the Mitchell map in 1756. The speed with which Le Rouge produced a full-size copy of Mitchell’s original is an indication of how important the 1755 map was considered at the time. War in the region meant that consistent, reliable cartographic intelligence was vital. Both the English and French versions went through a number of subsequent editions well into the 1770s. Mitchell’s map went on to become the primary political treaty map in American history. Regarded by many authorities as the most important map in the history of American cartography, twenty-one variant states and editions of the map appeared between 1755 and 1781. McCORKLE 777.15. RISTOW, A LA CARTE, p.112. TOOLEY, p.124. MORELAND & BANNISTER, pp.171-72. E. & D.S. Berkeley, Dr. John Mitchell, the Man Who Made the Map (Chapel Hill, 1974), chapters 12 and 13. Richard W. Stephenson, “Table for identifying variant editions and impressions of John Mitchell’s map,” p.110 in A la Carte, Selected Papers on Maps and Atlases (Washington, 1972). $27,500.

James Monroe Arranges to Keep Informed While an American Diplomat in Europe, 1794

96. Monroe, James: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM JAMES MONROE TO SENATOR JOHN LANGDON OF NEW HAMPSHIRE]. Baltimore. June 19, 1794. [1]p., docketed on verso. Single quarto sheet. Old fold lines. Light wear and soiling, two older tape repairs on verso. Staining on right edge. Good plus.

Letter written by James Monroe to New Hampshire Senator John Langdon, immediately before Monroe’s departure to take up his position as U.S. Minster to France. Monroe resigned his Virginia seat in the Senate to accept the diplomatic position to France. In this letter, he writes to Langdon asking to remain informed about affairs in the Senate.

Dear sir, I cannot take my departure without dropping you a line to request that you will occasionally write & give me such information as you know I expect to possess, where I am going. I sail in a few hours upon a mission which was little thought of when you left Philadelphia. Present our best respects to Mrs. Langdon & yr. daughter & be assured of the esteem & regard with I am sincerely yours, Jas. Monroe.

John Langdon (1741-1819) was a New Hampshire merchant and politician who was one of New Hampshire’s first senators, served as president pro tempore of the Senate, and later held the office of the governor of the state. Though he started out as a Federalist, Langdon switched his views and allegiances to the Jeffersonian Republicans around 1794. He and Monroe served in the Senate together before Monroe left to begin his diplomatic career across the Atlantic, and the two men were close enough that Monroe herein asks Langdon to keep him apprised of political doings back home. Further evidence of their continued friendship is indicated by President Monroe’s visit to Langdon while he was in New Hampshire in 1817. James Monroe (1758-1831) was serving as a Senator from Virginia when he was appointed U.S. Minister to France, where he served from 1794 to 1796. Monroe was, in the end, considered too friendly to the French cause and replaced by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. He was subsequently twice governor of Virginia, Minister to Britain, Secretary of War, and Secretary of State before being elected to the office of the Presidency in 1817. $7500.

Washington’s Journal: The Streeter Copy

97. [Moreau, Jacob N., compiler]: A MEMORIAL CONTAINING A SUMMARY VIEW OF FACTS, WITH THEIR AUTHORITIES. IN ANSWER TO THE OBSERVATIONS SENT BY THE ENGLISH MINISTRY TO THE COURTS OF EUROPE. New York: Printed and Sold by Hugh Gaine, 1757. iv,190pp. 20th-century half morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Bookplate on front and rear pastedown. Titlepage silked, minor wear and soiling, a few minute losses, not affecting text. Minor foxing and toning to text. Very good.

The Thomas W. Streeter copy. One of two 1757 American printings of Moreau’s Memoire..., originally published in French in 1756. The Hugh Gaine edition is actually one of three imprints that appeared in the American colonies in 1757, two in New York and one in Philadelphia. The two New York printings (the other was issued by Parker & Weyman) contain the same pagination, implying that the two share the same printing of the text, with different titlepages. Neither Evans nor anyone else has ascribed priority to any of these first American printings. All are very rare. The text contains the first American printing of George Washington’s journal of his first, disastrous military expedition to confront the French on the Ohio in 1753-54. Upon their victory over Washington’s troops at Fort Necessity, the French seized Washington’s journal of the expedition, Braddock’s instructions to Washington, and the former’s letters to the British Ministry. These papers were sent to France without delay. They were printed and sent to every court in Europe, offering evidence to support the French claim that Washington was on a deliberately provocative mission. Also included are a number of papers relating to the mounting Anglo-French tension in North America in the decade following the peace settlement of 1745 which led to the confrontation in the Ohio country. The memoir also contains a survey of the alleged French rights to the region west of the Alleghenies. Washington is severely criticized for his conduct, especially in causing the death of the French commander, Jumonville. The work is an essential one for understanding the causes of the French and Indian War. Streeter quotes Lawrence Wroth, in his JCB Library Report of 1945-46, as calling this memoir “One of the most important documents in American colonial history.” The Brinley copy of this printing brought $20, a goodly sum in 1878. SABIN 47512. HOWES M787, “b.” EVANS 7896. NAIP w038531. WROTH AMERI- CAN BOOKSHELF, pp.22, 40 (refs). BRINLEY SALE 242 (“rare”). STREETER SALE 1020 (this copy). $10,000.

98. Murray, James: AN IMPARTIAL HISTORY OF THE WAR IN AMERICA; FROM ITS FIRST COMMENCEMENT, TO THE PRESENT TIME; TOGETHER WITH THE CHARTERS OF THE SEVERAL COLONIES, AND OTHER AUTHENTIC IN- FORMATION.... Newcastle upon Tyne: Printed for T. Robson..., [1779]. Two volumes. 573; 576pp. plus twenty-three portraits and a folding plan. Lacks pp.305-312 in second volume. [with]: ...VOL. III. 48 (of 332)pp. plus frontispiece portrait. Contemporary calf. Corners bumped and lightly worn, spines lightly worn. Minor toning, but internally clean. Very good.

First uniform edition, having been issued in parts as three volumes in 1778-80. An important contemporary history of the Revolution, notable for the portraits of key figures. Sabin notes: “The author’s political principles were democratic in sentiment, and it is a little doubtful whether his history IS ‘impartial.’ The...portraits are of much interest....” This includes the first forty-eight pages of the third volume, which was issued in parts; the third volume is quite rare. HOWES M916. SABIN 51507. ESTC N7791, N24585. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 78-73f (3rd vol.). $2750.

The Superlatively Rare Carolina Constitutional Convention Proceedings, Failing to Ratify the Constitution

99. [North Carolina]: [United States Constitution]: PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE CONVENTION OF NORTH-CARO- LINA, CONVENED AT HILLSBOROUGH, ON MONDAY THE 21st DAY OF JULY, 1788, FOR THE PURPOSE OF DELIBER- ATING AND DETERMINING ON THE CONSTITUTION AT PHILADELPHIA, THE 17th DAY OF SEPTEMBER, 1787. Eden- ton, N.C.: Hodge & Willis, 1789. 280pp., with pp.3-6 and 273-280 in facsimile. Original calf, neatly rebacked in gilt calf, leather label. Title-leaf and pp.7-16 remargined, not affecting the text. Old ownership marks on verso of titlepage. Still, a good copy of a great rarity.

One of the rarest of works relating to the debates over the Federal Constitution, the journal of the debates held by North Carolina regarding its ratification. It publishes the proceedings of North Carolina’s inconclusive first ratification convention, which took place in Hillsborough from July 21 to Aug. 2, 1788. The U.S. Constitution was published on Sept. 17, 1787 and passed along to the states for ratification. The Constitutional Convention had ruled that, despite the wish for ratification to be unanimous, only nine of the thirteen states were required in order to pass the new constitution into law. North Carolina dragged its heels over the matter from the beginning, and was the last of the states to call for a ratifying convention, on December 6, 1787. By the time the state convention met the next July, eleven states had already ratified the Federal document (New Hampshire on June 21, Virginia on June 25, and New York on July 26.) Nonetheless, many considered ratification a necessary step before the state could join the Union. North Carolina was split between the pro-Federalists, mainly low country plant- ers and merchants, and anti-Federalists, mostly poorer farmers from the Piedmont. Despite the eloquent arguments of James Iredell of Edenton, leader of the Federalist group, the convention foundered over concern for the protection of individual rights. On August 2, they agreed “neither to ratify nor reject the Constitution proposed for the government of the United States.” They did pass a Declaration of Rights, listing twenty basic liberties, and a proposed list of twenty-six amendments to the Federal Constitution. Most of these concerns ended up being addressed by the Bill of Rights. North Carolina was thus left in a strange limbo, generally treated as a State, but not seating delegates to the first session of the first Federal Congress in the spring of 1789. When a new convention was scheduled for Nov. 17, 1789, in Fayetteville, Ire- dell and other Federalists paid to have the proceedings of the previous convention published and distributed, believing it supported their cause. This volume appeared on June 18, 1789. The second convention, no doubt buoyed by the passage of the Bill of Rights by the U.S. Congress, swiftly ratified the Constitution on Nov. 21, becoming the twelfth state to do so. It then underscored the importance of the Bill of Rights in its decision by becoming the third state to ratify it, on Dec. 22. This work is one of the rarest of the State constitutional debates. We have handled one complete copy in the past. EVANS 22037. NAIP w036269. McMURTRIE (NORTH CAROLINA) 144. SABIN 55667. $3750.

The “Enlarged Version” of Common Sense: “the Free and Independent States of America”

100. Paine, Thomas: COMMON SENSE; ADDRESSED TO THE IN- HABITANTS OF AMERICA...A NEW EDITION, WITH SEVER- AL ADDITIONS IN THE BODY OF THE WORK. TO WHICH IS ADDED AN APPENDIX; TOGETHER WITH AN ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE CALLED QUAKERS. Philadelphia: Printed and sold by W. and T. Bradford, [but possibly M. Mills, Dublin,] 1776. 99pp. [bound with:] [Chalmers, James]: PLAIN TRUTH: ADDRESSED TO THE INHABITANTS OF AMERICA. CONTAINING REMARKS ON A LATE PAMPHLET, INTITLED COMMON SENSE.... Philadelphia printed, Dublin, reprinted: M. Mills, 1776. [4],44pp. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Contemporary ownership inscription (“Ambrose Smith”) on each titlepage. Very good.

This is a most important edition of Common Sense..., one of the early issues of the “Enlarged Version” of its text, first issued by printers William and Thomas Bradford about five weeks after the appearance of the first edition from the press of Robert Bell, issued on Feb. 14, 1776. The present edition can lay claim to being equal to the first edition in importance, since it contains considerable additional material by Paine which did not appear in the first three printings by Bell. Common Sense first appeared on Jan. 9, 1776. Its importance was immediately realized and its contents hotly debated. At the same time, Paine’s relationship with his publisher, Bell, also became heated, as the author asked for a share in the profits of his bestseller and Bell denied a profit had been realized. Paine then asked Bell to wait before doing a second edition so that he could add more material. On Jan. 20, however, Bell advertised a “new edition” which reprinted the original, without Paine’s additions. Infuriated, Paine went to the Bradfords and proposed to give them his new material to publish with the original text, comprising an appendix and “An Address to the People Called Quakers,” increasing “the Work upwards of one Third.” This is the first ninety-nine-page edition of the enlarged text. It is probable that this edition of Common Sense, despite the imprint, was actually printed in Dublin. The similar- ity in typography to the Dublin edition of the Chalmers pamphlet, here bound with it, reinforces that possibility. If so, it could not help but inflame sentiment in England’s other dissatisfied colony. This copy is bound with a Dublin edition of a vigorous attack on Tom Paine and Common Sense, written under the pseudonym of “Candidus.” Thomas Adams identifies the author as James Chalmers. This is the first Irish edition of a pamphlet originally published in Philadelphia and later reprinted in London. On the importance of Common Sense it is unnecessary to comment. The political rhetoric of Paine inflamed the desire for independence, attacking British misgov- ernment and calling for colonial independence in clear and unmistakable words. The editors of the Grolier One Hundred remark: “It is not too much to say that the Declaration of Independence...was due more to Paine’s Common Sense than to any other single piece of writing.” A most important edition of America’s greatest political tract. GROLIER AMERICAN 100, 14. GIMBEL CS-14. HOWES P17. AMERICAN IN- DEPENDENCE 222g. BRISTOL B4310. SHIPTON & MOONEY 43121. $25,000. Paine’s Famous Call for American Independence

101. Paine, Thomas: COMMON SENSE; ADDRESSED TO THE IN- HABITANTS OF AMERICA, ON THE FOLLOWING INTER- ESTING SUBJECTS.... London: J. Almon, 1776. [4],54pp. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Very good.

The first British edition, first issue, of Paine’s monumentally important pamphlet. The work was of such general interest that this London edition was issued before the Declaration of Independence, with notices of it appearing in periodicals in June 1776. Gimbel identifies four separate issues of this first London printing, and this copy conforms to the first issue, with the hiatuses (blanks) completed in manuscript. The hiatuses replaced words in Paine’s original text that cast aspersions on the British crown and government. Usually the blank spaces simply replace words, but sometimes they remove entire phrases or sentences. See Gimbel for a complete description of the various issues. GIMBEL CS-24. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-108a. HOWES P17. SABIN 58214. $15,000.

102. [Paine, Thomas]: THE AMERICAN CRISIS. NUMBER II. BY THE AUTHOR OF Common Sense. Philadelphia: Printed and Sold by Styner and Cist, [1777]. pp.[9]-24. Dbd. Light stains on title and last leaf. Good.

The very rare second part of the series by Paine which eventually stretched to thirteen numbers, written to boost the morale of American troops. Dated “Phil- adelphia, January 13, 1777” on page 24. Only the first five parts were separately printed as pamphlets, the rest being given directly to newspapers. This second part of The American Crisis is directly addressed to Lord William Howe, the British commander in North America who though he had the upper hand mili- tarily, had allowed Washington to evacuate New York, and had suffered recent defeats to the Americans at Trenton and Princeton. Paine mocks Howe and his demands on the American populace to cease their rebellion. Paine writes: “By what means, may I ask, do you expect to conquer America? If you could not effect it in the summer when our army was less than yours, nor in the winter when we had none, how are you to do it? In point of generalship you have been outwitted, and in point of fortitude outdone.” The separate pamphlet editions of The American Crisis, all of which are rare, were printed in various cities and towns. The older references, such as Evans and Howes, describe the Philadelphia printings of Parts I-III, but later findings by Edwin Wolf II and R.W.G. Vail have uncovered other early editions of this historical Ameri- can political work. See especially Wolf ’s explanation of the various Philadelphia editions of the first three parts of The American Crisis printed by Styner and Cist (“Evidence Indicating the Need for Some Bibliographical Analysis of American- Printed Historical Works” in PBSA 63 [1969], pp.266-68). GIMBEL 19. SHIPTON & MOONEY 15494. HOWES P16. SABIN 58206. EVANS 154943. NAIP w031716 HILDEBURN 3595. $25,000.

From a Key Revolutionary Figure

103. Pendleton, Edmund: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM EDMUND PENDLETON TO FRANCIS WALKER, REGARD- ING AN OLD BUSINESS TRANSACTION]. [N.p.] Feb. 20, 1791. [1]p., addressed on verso. Light toning, old fold lines. Later pencil notations. Very good.

Brief note written by Edmund Pendleton, Virginia lawyer and Revolutionary patriot, to one Francis Walker. Edmund Pendleton served as a representative to the First Continental Congress, was president of both of Virginia’s revolutionary conven- tions in 1775, and was also president of the powerful Committee of Safety for the state. Only an injury sustained in a fall from a horse (to which he refers in this letter) kept him from being in the Second Congress and a signer of the Declaration. He was elected president of the Virginia convention again in 1776, and under his direction, Virginia’s delegates to the Continental Congress put forth a motion for independence from Britain. Following Independence, he helped revise Virginia’s own Constitution, and worked tirelessly on behalf of the judicial system, serving as a chief justice in Virginia’s courts. Finally, he presided as president of Virginia’s Ratifying Convention for the Constitution in 1788. William Preston was a political and military leader on the Virginia frontier. During the Revolution he organized Virginia’s frontier defenses, and personally organized and led a group of militiamen who fought at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in North Carolina. He writes:

My wife having this morning found my memo. book, there is an entry in May 1777, corresponding with that of my nephew respecting Mr. Jones’s money received of your father and a subsequent entry a few lines from that is “June 2d Richard Jones Dr. Cash to his bror. Thomas £58.15.2.” I suppose receiving it as a friend and giving it to his bror. so soon was the reason I did not post it into the ledger. I send this that you may let Mr. Jones know that the money if not pd. his father is due from the estate of his uncle. I am yr. mo. obt.servt. Edm. Pendleton.

Pendleton letters or signatures are very rare in the marketplace. $1500.

Acts of the Assembly Up to the Revolution

104. [Pennsylvania]: THE ACTS OF ASSEMBLY OF THE PROVINCE OF PENNSYLVANIA...TOGETHER WITH THE ROYAL, PRO- PRIETARY, CITY AND BOROUGH CHARTERS.... Philadelphia: Printed and sold by Hall and Sellers, 1775. xxi,536,22,[12],3pp. Folio. Modern calf, tooled in blind and gilt, leather label. Lightly foxed. Contemporary ink stain to pp.390-391. Nearly very good.

An important and useful one-volume digest of the colonial laws of Pennsylvania, collecting all of the acts of the Pennsylvania assembly still in force, beginning in 1700 and running through September 1775. This major law book effectively became the basis for all provincial law as it translated to the new state. Also given are the short titles of expired laws. Edited by the Pennsylvania Assembly member and eventual Loyalist, Joseph Galloway. The twenty-two-page appendix has a separate titlepage. This copy with the 3pp. addendum at the end, which is not always present. TOWER COLLECTION 754. SABIN 59820. HILDEBURN 3147. EVANS 14364. NAIP w006509. $1500.

Thomas Paine’s Real Job While Writing Common Sense, with Highly Important Plates and Maps of the American Revolution: The Copy of a Famous Revolutionary Printer

105. [Pennsylvania Magazine]: [Paine, Thomas, editor]: THE PENNSYL- VANIA MAGAZINE: OR, AMERICAN MONTHLY MUSEUM. MDCCLXXV. VOLUME 1 [ JANUARY 1775 TO DECEMBER 1775]. Philadelphia: Robert Aitken, [1775]. Twelve issues and one supplement, a complete run of the first year. 625,[5]pp., including title signature and the supplement, plus fifteen plates (plate of Charlestown lacking half ). Without a leaf numbered 285-286, but the text uninterrupted and evidently complete (apparently a mis-pagination at the time of printing). Contemporary calf; rebacked preserving part of the original spine. Boards rubbed, neatly repaired at corners, stamped in blind on each board “F. Bailey”. With the inscription, in a neat contemporary hand “Ready money for clean Linen Rags By the Printer hereof.” on the front flyleaf. Bookplate of the Library Company of Philadelphia, with early discard stamp, on front pastedown. Light foxing, soiling, and tanning to text. Half of the plan of Charlestown lacking. Overall, almost very good.

A run of the first twelve issues and the 1775 supplement of The Pennsylvania Maga- zine..., the only magazine issued in the American colonies for most of the crucial year of 1775. This copy belonged to the Revolutionary-era printer Francis Bailey of Philadelphia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In the latter location Bailey was the printer of the first edition of the Articles of Confederation. The Pennsylvania Magazine is among the most important American Revolutionary-era publications for two primary reasons. First, it was edited from February 1775 until May 1776 (all but the first and the last two numbers) by the famous radical, Thomas Paine, and his regular occupation, at the time he wrote Common Sense, was as its editor. Secondly, it contains some of the most significant maps produced in America during the Revolution, including battle plans that became prototypes for oft-reproduced illustrations. Only a small handful of similar maps were produced in America during the Revolution. Ristow describes three of the maps and plans (numbers 8, 9, and 10, below) as “the earliest revolutionary war maps printed in America.” The present collection contains the first twelve of the total nineteen issues of The Pennsylvania Magazine, a complete run for the year 1775. The Pennsylvania Magazine was conceived and founded by the Revolutionary printer, Robert Aitken, best known for his work as a printer for the Continental Congress. Aitken launched the periodical himself, but soon found it too much work and hired Paine as editor at £50 a year. Paine had only arrived in America a few months before, in December 1774. He quickly became the major contributor as well as editor, sometimes writing under the initials “A.B.,” and sometimes with no by-line. “These initials he affixed to descriptions of mechanical devices, anecdotes, Addisonian essays, argumentative papers, and poems in some variety...the most imaginative and literary of the pieces have never been reprinted.... “Published on the eve of the American Revolution, and edited by one of the leading Revolutionary publicists, The Pennsylvania Magazine is, of course, of para- mount political interest...in December the magazine published ‘Reflections on the Duty of Princes,’ in which sovereigns are sharply warned against the exercise of arbitrary power. This is signed ‘A.’ and is followed by an oratorical passage ‘On Liberty’ signed ‘Philo-Libertas.’ Both are in the accents of Paine....” – Mott. Mott also particularly mentions Paine’s famous “Liberty Tree” article in July 1775, Phillis Wheatley’s verses to Washington of April 1776, and Paine’s article on the abuse of texts in the supplementary number for 1775. Paine also contributed much that was not political, and there are many articles on current events in that fast-moving period which may or may not come from his pen; however, writing for this magazine (often, it was said, under the influence of drink) was Paine’s primary work during this period, and all told a substantial part of each issue sprang from his genius, until his break with Aitken in May 1776. The magazine chronicles, month by month, Paine’s sentiments before writing Common Sense, which was published in mid-January 1776. Many of the important maps and illustrations in The Pennsylvania Magazine were engraved by the publisher, Robert Aitken. The plates in the present volume are as follow:

1) “A New Electrical Machine” in the January 1775 issue. A detailed illustration of a European-invented device for studying electricity. 2) “Doctor Goldsmith” in the January 1775 issue. A portrait of Oliver Goldsmith. 3) “A New Threshing Instrument” in the February, 1775 issue. 4) “General Wolfe. A new Song Engraved for the Pennsylvania Magazine” in the March 1775 issue. A folding plate of sheet music, with lyrics, on the death of General Wolfe in the French and Indian War. 5) “A New Invented Machine for Spinning of Wool or Cotton” in the April 1775 issue. A quite detailed illustration, drawn and engraved by C. Tully, the inventor of the machine. The plate is torn in the lower margin with a small bit of loss. 6) “Front View of a Frame House resembling Brick” in the April 1775 issue. A fine early American architectural illustration. 7) “[Description of a new invented Machine, for deepning [sic] and cleansing Docks, &c.]” in the May 1775 issue. This folding plate itself has no caption, but is thus described in the text. An early Philadelphia invention of a dredger. The plate is torn in the upper right corner, with loss of about one-sixth of the image, supplied in expert facsimile. 8) “A New Plan of Boston Harbour from an Actual Survey” in the June 1775 issue. A fine detailed folding map of Boston harbor, showing Boston, Dorchester, Charlestown, Roxbury, and other towns, fortifications, and the several islands that dotted the harbor. WHEAT & BRUN 239. PHILLIPS MAPS, p.166. JOLLY, MAPS OF AMERICA IN PERIODICALS BEFORE 1800, 266. 9) “A New and Correct Plan of the Town of Boston and Provincial Camp” in the July 1775 issue. A fine and important folding plan showing the British battery on Boston Common, and the fortification of Boston neck. Many streets are named and wharves identified. NEBENZAHL 2. WHEAT & BRUN 238. PHILLIPS MAPS, p.149. JOLLY, MAPS OF AMERICA IN PERIODICALS BEFORE 1800, 267. RISTOW, p.41. 10) “Exact Plan of General Gage’s Lines on Boston Neck in America” in the August 1775 issue. This folding map is another important American-engraved battle plan. The accompanying text states that by using the map “it will be easy to form a perfect idea of the manner in which the General hath blockaded the entrances into [Boston].” Guardhouses, fortifications, batteries, and more, are shown. NEBENZAHL 5. WHEAT & BRUN 237. RISTOW, p.41. PHILLIPS MAPS, p.149. JOLLY, MAPS OF AMERICA IN PERIODICALS BEFORE 1800, 268. 11) “A Correct View of the Late Battle at Charlestown June 17th 1775” in the Sep- tember 1775 issue. A view of the Battle of Bunker’s Hill, showing action on land and at sea, and part of Boston in flames. Only the right half of the plate is present in this copy. RISTOW, p.41. DEÁK, PICTURING AMERICA 143. 12) “A Map of the Present Seat of War on the Borders of Canada” in the October 1775 issue. Folding map showing the area from the St. Lawrence River and Montreal in the north, down the length of Lake Champlain, to Crown Point in the south. WHEAT & BRUN 89. PHILLIPS MAPS, p.193. JOLLY, MAPS OF AMERICA IN PERIODICALS BEFORE 1800, 269. 13) “Plan of the Town & Fortifications of Montreal or Ville Marie in Canada” in the November 1775 issue. A very detailed map of Montreal, showing buildings, streets, squares, gardens, etc. This folding plan has a fine inset: “View of the Town &c. of Montreal.” WHEAT & BRUN 91. PHILLIPS MAPS, p.451. JOLLY, MAPS OF AMERICA IN PERIODICALS BEFORE 1800, 270. 14) “[Description of a New Machine for enabling Persons to escape from the Windows of Houses on Fire]” in the December 1775 issue. The plate has no caption, but the description is taken from the text. An ingenious device, involving a large basket and pulley system, designed to help people escape from tall, burning buildings. 15) “A Plan of Quebec, Metropolis of Canada in North America” in the December, 1775 issue. This detailed map is keyed to a table identifying seventeen important buildings, citadels, and batteries in the town. WHEAT & BRUN 90. PHILLIPS MAPS, p.735. JOLLY, MAPS OF AMERICA IN PERIODICALS BEFORE 1800, 271.

The provenance of this copy is of particular interest. The volume is blindstamped on the front and back boards: “F. Bailey’s.” This is Francis Bailey, who operated as a printer in Philadelphia until 1777 and then moved to Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In the chaos that ensued after the English seized Philadelphia in the fall of 1777 and the Continental Congress retreated to York, Pennsylvania, Bailey became for a time the official printer to both the Congress and the government of Pennsylvania. As such, he printed the first edition of the Articles of Confederation in Lancaster in November 1777, and a number of important Revolutionary decrees. A lengthy run of The Pennsylvania Magazine, especially with the scarce illustrations and plans, are virtually unknown in the marketplace. A major Thomas Paine piece, and of great importance for his work and the American situation on the eve of the Revolution, as well as for the graphics and maps bound in. MOTT, AMERICAN MAGAZINES I, pp.87-91. EVANS 14380. DEÁK, PICTURING AMERICA 143. FOWBLE, PRINTS AT WINTERTHUR 108. $45,000.

A Connecticut Tory

106. [Peters, Samuel A.]: A GENERAL HISTORY OF CONNECTI- CUT, FROM ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT UNDER GEORGE FENWICK, ESQ. TO ITS LATEST PERIOD OF AMITY WITH GREAT BRITAIN; INCLUDING A DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY, AND MANY CURIOUS AND INTERESTING AN- ECDOTES. London: Printed for the Author, 1782. x,2,436pp. Modern half calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Small paper repair to verso of titlepage, minutely affecting one letter of text. Some light foxing and soiling to first and last few leaves. Minor toning and foxing to rest of text. Very good.

Second edition, after the first of the previous year, consisting of the first edition sheets with a cancel title. The author was a native of Hebron, Connecticut, and later rector of the Episcopal church there. “Mobbed in Connecticut for his Tory activities, Peters fled to England and, in retaliation, wrote this false and vicious misrepresentation of that commonwealth. Included were the Blue Laws of the New Haven Colony, manufactured by his animosity, but still swallowed as true by many people” – Howes. “The first edition is very rare” – Sabin. Indeed, ESTC locates only a handful of copies of this second edition, as well – which is essentially a fiction, being simply the original sheets with a new title, a common ploy to make a book look current and popular. Scarce. HOWES P262, “aa.” SABIN 61209. ESTC N2349. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 81-54b. CHURCH 1183 (1st ed). $1250.

Primary Cartographic Work of the Revolutionary Era

107. Pownall, Thomas: A TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF SUCH PARTS OF NORTH AMERICA AS ARE CONTAINED IN THE (ANNEXED) MAP OF THE MIDDLE BRITISH COLO- NIES, &c. IN NORTH AMERICA. London: J. Almon, 1776. [6],46, [16]pp. plus engraved folding map. Folio. Expertly bound to style in 18th- century half russia and contemporary marbled boards, spine gilt, red morocco label. Very good.

One of the most important cartographical works issued at the time of the American Revolution, here complete with the rare map partially-printed from the same plate as the famed 1755 Lewis Evans’ map printed by Benjamin Franklin. In 1753, Thomas Pownall came to America as the private secretary to Sir Danvers Osborn, the newly appointed colonial governor of New York. Shortly after arriving, however, Osborn died, leaving Pownall without a post. Curious about the colonies, however, Pownall remained in America, travelling widely in the region. Evidently of great enthusiasm and intelligence, Pownall met many of the most influential men in America at that time, including Benjamin Franklin. From this relationship, he was able to attend the 1754 Albany Conference and became involved in Indian affairs in the colony. Through that work and his relationship with Franklin, Pownall met surveyor Lewis Evans and in 1755, Evans published his famed Map of the Middle British Colonies, printed by Franklin and dedicated to Pownall. The map, the most accurate of the region at the time, was enormously influential, with multiple piracies being issued in London, and famously used by General Braddock during the French and Indian War. “A great change came over the fortunes of Evans’ map in 1776. In that year Thomas Pownall, who had spent much time in America as Governor of Massa- chusetts Bay and South Carolina, and Lieut. Governor of New Jersey, published a folio volume entitled, A Topographical Description of Such Parts of North America.... Pownall, after his return from America continued to take the greatest interest in the welfare of the Colonies ...The increasing public interest taken in the affairs of the Colonies at the outbreak of the Revolution, doubtless prompted the publication of the Topographical Description. That work may be described as a new and much enlarged edition of both Evans’ Map and his ‘Analysis’ [the text accompanying the Evans’ map] of 1755. As to the map, Pownall appears to have been in possession of the original Evans plate engraved by Jas. Turner in Philadelphia, and he uses it as the basis of his improved map...” – Stevens. Indeed, much of the cartography of the western parts of Evans’s original map remained unchanged in the 1776 Pownall edition, save for the significant addition of the routes of Christopher Gist and Harry Gordon. This addition is augmented by the publication in the appendix of Gist’s journal of his 1750-51 journey through a portion of present day Ohio, Kentucky and on through North Carolina – the first publication of that important inland exploration. The most significant addition to Evans original map is east of Philadelphia, where Pownall has extended the plate to encompass all of New England, with the coast as far north as Nova Scotia. The cartography of this portion is derived from a number of sources, but includes Pownall’s own explorations into the interior of Vermont and Maine, as well as the surveys conducted on behalf of Massachusetts Colonial Governor Sir Francis Bernard. Pownall’s Topographical Description and its important map gives the best picture of the interior of North America as it was understood in the year of American independence. HOWES P543, “b.” STREETER SALE 826. BUCK 28a. BELL P470. SABIN 64835. VAIL 651. $32,500.

A Key Tract of the Revolution

108. Price, Richard: OBSERVATIONS ON THE NATURE OF CIVIL LIBERTY, THE PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT, AND THE JUSTICE AND POLICY OF THE WAR WITH AMERICA.... London: T. Cadell, 1776. [8],128pp. Contemporary blue wrappers, stitched. Wrappers lightly worn with small tears at edges. Internally clean and fresh. Untrimmed. Near fine. In a cloth clamshell case.

An essential pro-American British tract, published as the debate over the Colonies reached its crisis in 1776. It was reprinted many times in the year of its first appearance in London, including editions issued in New York, Boston and Philadelphia. The prescient Price states that “[this] body of powerful states, likely soon to become superior to the parent state...is a case which is new in the history of mankind; and it is extremely improper to judge of it by the rules of any narrow and partial policy... The dispute probably must be settled another way; and the sword alone, I am afraid, is now to determine what the rights of Britain and America are....” AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-118a. HOWES P586. SABIN 65452. $2500. 109. Quincy, Josiah, Jr.: OBSERVATIONS ON THE ACT OF PARLIA- MENT COMMONLY CALLED THE BOSTON PORT-BILL; WITH THOUGHTS ON CIVIL SOCIETY AND STANDING ARMIES. Philadelphia. 1774. 60pp. Modern red half morocco and cloth, spine gilt. Light, even toning to text. Minor wear, contemporary notation to final page. About very good.

Philadelphia edition, after the original edition published in Boston the same year, printing the author’s case against the first of the Intolerable Acts, which established the blockade of the Boston harbor. The Bill was passed in March 1774, in the wake of the Boston Tea Party in December 1773. The closing of Boston harbor, and the other Intolerable Acts, did more to bring together public opinion in the colonies, and led directly to calling of the First Continental Congress; this edition was no doubt printed to provide members of the Congress with copies of Quincy’s arguments. Quincy was a leading figure in Massachusetts patriotic circles. In this work he excoriates Parliament for punishment of a whole community in response to the acts of private persons, likewise attacking standing armies as “armed mon- sters,” “fatal to religion, morals, and social happiness,” as well as liberty. A major political argument against the Crown’s unjust actions, and a critical work on the road to Revolution. HOWES Q18. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 132b. EVANS 13562. SABIN 67192. $6750.

110. Ramsay, David: THE LIFE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, COM- MANDER IN CHIEF OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THROUGHOUT THE WAR WHICH ESTABLISHED THEIR INDEPENDENCE; AND FIRST PRESI- DENT OF THE UNITED STATES. New York. 1807. viii,376pp. plus portrait. Contemporary paper boards, rebacked with paper, paper label. Boards stained and edgeworn. Leaves G1 and P2 with long closed tears, affecting only a few letters of text. Scattered foxing. Very good.

Laudatory biography by the renowned Revolutionary historian. One of the standard early Washington biographies. The stipple engraved frontispiece portrait was engraved by William S. Leney of New York after the portrait by Gilbert Stuart. HOWES R38. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 13461. BAKER, ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF WASHINGTON 274. HART, ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF WASHINGTON 410. $1000.

111. Ramsay, David: THE HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA, FROM ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT IN 1670, TO THE YEAR 1808. Charles- ton. 1809. Two volumes. xii,478; iv,602pp. plus two folding maps (one with contemporary outlining). Late 19th-century three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities rubbed. Lightly foxed. Very good. Un- trimmed.

A standard work, by the prolific historian and native son. The general map in the first volume shows the state, with the map of Charleston in the second volume. The better part of the book is devoted to the southern campaigns of the Revolu- tion and to biographies of prominent early Carolinians. The Streeter sale catalogue notes that the second volume “as a survey of life in contemporary South Carolina is of great value.” HOWES R34, “aa.” SABIN 67686. STREETER SALE 1139. $3500.

The Patriot Printer Uses an Earlier New England Revolution to Justify the New One, 1773

112. [Rawson, Edward, and Samuel Sewall]: THE REVOLUTION IN NEW-ENGLAND JUSTIFIED, AND THE PEOPLE THERE VIN- DICATED FROM THE ASPERSIONS CAST UPON THEM BY MR. JOHN PALMER, IN HIS PRETENDED ANSWER TO THE DECLARATION PUBLISHED BY THE INHABITANTS OF BOS- TON, AND THE COUNTRY ADJACENT, ON THE DAY WHEN THEY SECURED THEIR LATE OPPRESSORS, WHO ACTED BY AN ILLEGAL AND ARBITRARY COMMISSION FROM THE LATE KING JAMES. TO WHICH IS ADDED, A NARRATIVE OF PROCEEDINGS OF SIR EDMOND ANDROSSE AND HIS ACCOMPLICES, WHO ALSO ACTED BY AN ILLEGAL AND ARBITRARY COMMISSION FROM THE LATE KING JAMES, DURING HIS GOVERNMENT IN NEW ENGLAND. Printed in the Year 1691. Boston: Re-printed and sold by Isaiah Thomas, 1773. 59pp. Antique-style three-quarter speckled calf and marbled boards, spine gilt extra, leather label. Very good.

The second printing, following the extremely rare 1691 Boston edition, which is rated a “d” in Howes. The present edition is itself rated a “b” in terms of rarity by Howes. The great patriot printer, Isaiah Thomas, was no doubt asking his fellow New Englanders to draw inevitable comparisons between the oppressive administration of 17th-century Massachusetts governor, Edmund Andros and their own day. Andros outraged the Puritans of Massachusetts by enforcing unpopular British laws, restricting town meetings, promoting the Church of England, and other seemingly intolerable acts. Thomas published this edition in the wake of the Boston Tea Party, and the significance and timeliness of this pamphlet would be self-evident to any American of patriotic leanings. Authorship has been ascribed to Increase Mather, but the “To the Reader” is signed with the initials “E.R.” and “S.S.” Edward Raw- son was the longtime Massachusetts colonial secretary, and Samuel Sewall was a prominent Boston merchant, jurist, publisher, and diarist. HOWES R79, “b.” SABIN 46732. EVANS 12973. ESTC W21974 . $9500. 113. [Rhode Island]: STATE OF RHODE-ISLAND AND PROVI- DENCE PLANTATIONS. IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY, JULY SES- SION, 1780. AN ACT FOR ASSESSING AND APPORTIONING A RATE OR TAX OF FOUR HUNDRED THOUSAND POUNDS LAWFUL MONEY UPON THE INHABITANTS OF THIS STATE [caption title]. Providence: John Carter, [1780]. Broadside, 15 x 10 inches. Old folds. Lightly dampstained. Docketed on verso. Still, very good.

A scarce Rhode Island broadside announcing the passage of a Revolutionary-era tax to be raised and collected from that state’s inhabitants for the purpose of filling the state treasury. During the Revolution, each state levied its own taxes in order to contribute to the funding of the war effort. This broadside includes a list of the apportionment for each town. Providence itself is to be taxed £28,392, by far the most of any of the towns listed. NAIP and ESTC locate only three copies – Yale, Rhode Island State Library, and the Society of the Cincinnati. Scarce. BRISTOL B5171. SHIPTON & MOONEY 43880. ALDEN 834. ESTC W7865. $900.

One of the Most Beautiful Portraits of a Native American

114. Romney, George, artist: Smith, John Raphael, engraver: JOSEPH TA- YADANEEGA CALLED THE BRANT, THE GREAT CAPTAIN OF THE SIX NATIONS. ENGRAVED FROM AN ORIGINAL PAINTING OF G. ROMNEY IN THE COLLECTION OF THE RIGHT HON.BLE THE EARL OF WARWICK BY J. R. SMITH. London. Feb. 10, 1779. Mezzotint engraved by Smith after Romney. Engraved area (with lettering): 20 x 14 inches. Sheet size: 20¼ x 14½ inches. Very good. Framed. See front cover of this catalogue for illustration.

Thayendenegea, or Joseph Brant, was a Mohawk leader and the primary chief of the Iroquois Confederacy of Six Nations. After being educated at Moor’s Char- ity School for Indians in Connecticut, where he learned English, he began a close friendship with the British Indian agent William Johnson, whose personal secretary and interpreter he later became. Brant was a devout member of the Anglican Church, and over several years, he diligently translated the bible into his native language. Also widely reputed as a skilled and formidable warrior, he fought in numerous battles, including the French and Indian War (1754-63), the Battle of Oriskany (1777), and the Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794). During the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) he rallied support for the British among several tribes in the Iroquois Confederacy, which became divided between U.S. and British allies. In his lifetime, Brant made several visits to England, where he impressed society and royalty alike. After the war, he settled in Canada, where he became an officer in the British Army. Brant’s visit to England in 1776 was a momentous one, fruitful in service to the British cause on the frontiers of New York and Pennsylvania. He had not only led his warriors in fearsome border battles, but successfully opposed the efforts of Red Jacket, chief of the Seneca, to induce the Iroquois to make a separate peace with the Americans. He had arrived in England in December 1775, with an Anglo- American companion, Captain Tice. In his Life of Joseph Brant (New York, 1838) William L. Stone writes of the English visit:

It has always been said...that he was not only well received, but that his society was courted by gentlemen of rank and station....Although he was dressed in the European habit, he was not unprovided with a splendid costume after the manner of his own nation, in which he appeared at Court, and upon visits of state and ceremony. James Boswell was at that period in his glory, and an intimacy appears to have been contracted between him and the Mohawk chief, since the latter sat for his picture at the request of this most interesting of egotists. He also sat, during the same visit, for Romney, one of the most distinguished artists of his day, for the Earl of Warwick. He was, of course, painted in his native dress, and the picture was greatly prized.

Romney’s diary records his meetings with Brant to paint his portrait; the March 29, 1776 entry notes, “The Indian at 9”; and that of April 4, “The Indian Chief at 9.” This image of Brant is the height of American Indian delegation portraits, depicting the great Mohawk chief in a three-quarter pose, wearing a combina- tion of western and native dress. An Indian blanket drapes his left shoulder and arm, while the right sleeve of his ruffled blouse includes a silver arm band and a decorative metal chain. In his right hand, Brant holds a pipe tomahawk close to his body. A silver gorget with a pendant cross engraved with a royal coat of arms hangs from his neck and he wears a feathered headpiece. Although commissioned (or originally purchased) by the Earl of Warwick, the original painting now resides in the National Gallery, Canada, attesting to its importance. About three years after Brant’s London visit, the Romney portrait was published in mezzotint by John Raphael Smith, one of the leading English 18th-century engravers, who, writes John Chaloner Smith, “was most successful in his render- ings of the paintings of Gainsborough, Reynolds, and Romney” (British Mezzotinto Portraits). Chaloner Smith adds that J.R. Smith’s prints of the Brant period may “be ranked amongst the most admirable productions of the art.” BRITISH MEZZOTINTO PORTRAITS III:1242. HORNE 118.II. D’OENCH 130. CHALONER SMITH 162. RUSSELL 162.II. FRANKAU 346. ALLAN 2013 no. 230, fig. 3. $45,000.

A Superb Contemporary Portrait of Alexander Hamilton

115. [Sharples, James]: [PORTRAIT OF ALEXANDER HAMILTON]. [Philadelphia. ca. 1796]. Pastel portrait, 9¼ x 7¼ inches. In a period frame. Fine.

An outstanding pastel portrait of Alexander Hamilton by the famous portrait painter, James Sharples. Of the constellation of Founding Fathers, Alexander Hamilton is the one for whom the least number of contemporary portraits survive. Hamilton is superseded in this regard by Washington, Franklin, Adams, Jefferson, and Madi- son, all of whom had a greater number of life portraits made of them. Art dealer and antiquarian Harry MacNeill Bland recorded only eight known life portraits of Hamilton (and two of these may have been posthumous), and mentioned three other portraits that were “lost.” In our opinion this Sharples portrait ranks only behind John Trumbull’s more than life-size portrait of Hamilton for artistic quality and historical significance. The portrait shows Hamilton in the period shortly after he left the office of Secretary of the Treasury. It is a profile portrait, with Hamilton looking to the viewer’s left. He is dressed in a fine black coat and vest. The portrait accentuates his pointed chin, slightly irregular nose, and receding hairline. It is an image of a confident and prepossessing man, seemingly unaffected by the era’s political turmoil, in which he was so intimately involved. “[Hamilton’s] strong, well-defined features, especially the sharply assertive nose and chin, made for a distinctive profile. Indeed, his family thought a profile – not a portrait – done by James Sharples the best like- ness of him ever done....Sharples captured an alert man with keenly observant eyes and an amused air of high spirits” – Chernow. James Sharples, Sr. (1751-1811) was born in England and first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1779. Twice widowed, Sharples married again in 1787, taking as his third wife Ellen Wallace, who had been his pupil. The Sharples family ( James had sons by each of his three wives, as well as a daughter by Ellen) came to the United States in 1794 and worked in Philadelphia and New York until 1801. Upon their arrival in the United States Sharples advertised his willingness to produce profile portraits of men of national and local significance. Sharples often used a physiognotrace device to record an exact profile which he retained as an aid in the production of the initial portrait as well as copies. James did pastel portraits, which he is said to have executed in about two hours. Sharples typically charged $15 per profile and $20 for a full-face view. Ellen Sharples is thought to have mainly worked as a copier of her husband’s work, but in practice it is often quite difficult to distinguish between their styles and collaborations. Working in pastel or tempera, they frequently produced copies of their portraits as demand required. George Washington was the Sharples most popular subject, and dozens of their portraits of the first President survive. Though we find no direct correspondence between Alexander Hamilton and James Sharples, the author James Walter asserts that their relationship was quite close, and that Hamilton’s encouragement and promotion was instrumental in advancing Sharples’ career in the United States. Sharples or members of his family are known to have created as many as eight portraits of Hamilton. The Sharples family returned to England in 1801, where James and Ellen continued their work, but they returned once again to New York in 1809. James died there in 1811, whereupon Ellen and the children returned to England for the last time. Ellen Sharples and the four Sharples children were accomplished artists and were part of the family enterprise. The present portrait of Alexander Hamilton shows the precision and technique associated with James Sharples’s work, and was undoubtedly done by him personally. The National Portrait Gallery owns a copy of James Sharples’s portrait of Alex- ander Hamilton, which is smaller in size than the present example. There are also copies of the Hamilton portrait at the Museum of the City of New York, and at the Bristol City Museum and Gallery (Ellen Sharples retired to Bristol, England late in life). There is also a Sharples portrait of Alexander Hamilton at Philipse Manor Hall in Yonkers, New York, but it is not known whether it was done by James or Ellen Sharples. The Metropolitan Museum of Art has a copy of the portrait, which appears to have been made by Ellen Sharples (the rendering appears inferior to our copy and the National Portrait Gallery copy), and the Walters Art Museum has a miniature portrait of Hamilton on ivory by Ellen Sharples. The New-York His- torical Society owns a smaller, less accomplished, version of the Hamilton portrait, which is attributed to Sharples’ son, Felix. The present portrait of Alexander Hamilton was acquired by Dr. and Mrs. John Kretzschmar from noted antique dealer Jess Pavey. The Kretzschmars actively collected important Americana in the 1950s and 1960s. This portrait was exhibited at the Detroit Institute of Arts and at the Henry Ford Museum at Greenfield Village. The Kretzschmars’ collection was eventually sold to Philip Caldwell, the first non-Ford CEO of the Ford Motor Company (d. 2013), though they retained this portrait of Hamilton. There are only a handful of life portraits of Alexander Hamilton, and this profile by James Sharples ranks among the finest. A rare opportunity to obtain an outstanding portrait of one of the most influential and significant of American statesmen. Katharine McCook Knox, The Sharples. Their Portraits of George Washington and His Con- temporaries (New Haven, 1930). Ron Chernow, Alexander Hamilton (New York, 2004), pp.187, 482-83. Neil Jeffares, “James Sharples” in Dictionary of Pastellists Before 1800 (www.pastellists. com). Charles Henry Hart, “Life Portraits of Alexander Hamilton” in McClure’s Magazine (April, 1897), pp.507-13. Harry MacNeill Bland & Virginia W. Northcott, “The Life Portraits of Alexander Hamilton” in William & Mary Quarterly (April, 1955), pp.187-98. James Walter, Memorials of Washington and of Mary, His Mother, and Martha, His Wife, from Letters and Papers of Robert Cary and James Sharples (New York, 1887). $185,000.

Insurrection in Massachusetts

116. [Shays’ Rebellion]: AN ADDRESS FROM THE GENERAL COURT, TO THE PEOPLE OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. Boston: Printed by Adams and Nourse, Printers to the Honourable General Court, 1786. 40,[1]pp. Modern half morocco and cloth. Ink number stamp on verso of title-leaf, titlepage foxed, some scattered foxing elsewhere. Bottom of leaves trimmed, with loss of catchword on one leaf but no loss of text. Very good.

This report by a committee of the General Court is a response to the grievances that sparked Shays’ Rebellion in the winter of 1786-87. Specifically it treats the issue of debts which weighed so heavily on Massachusetts farmers, and the alarming threats and looming violence which culminated in December, when Daniel Shays led twelve hundred men, armed mostly with pitchforks, towards the Springfield arsenal. Although the rebellion was put down without incident, it was important in convincing many of the need for a stronger federal government. EVANS 19781. SABIN 45580. NAIP w036754. $1250.

117. [Shebbeare, John]: REASONS HUMBLY OFFERED TO PROVE THAT THE LETTER PRINTED AT THE END OF THE FRENCH MEMORIAL OF JUSTIFICATION IS A FORGERY, AND FALSELY ASCRIBED TO HIS R—L H——SS. London: Print- ed for M. Collyer, 1756. [2], 61pp. 20th-century three-quarter brown leather over marbled boards, spine gilt. Bookplate to rear pastedown. Contemporary ink notation to titlepage, a handful of pages with ink bracketing in the outer margin, last two leaves with expert repairs. A handsome copy in very good condition.

A rare Americana item concerning the outbreak of the French and Indian War. Authorship is ascribed to John Shebbeare (1709-88), a Tory satirist whose writings were thought well of by the likes of Horace Walpole and James Boswell. The letter referred to in the title is “Lettre de M. Robert Napier, écrite à M. Braddock par ordre de M. le duc de Cumberland.” It was published in Jacob Nicolas Moreau’s famous 1756 collection of documents concerning the French position on the early skirmishes of the French and Indian War entitled, “Mémoire contenant le précis des faits, avec leurs piéces justificatives, pour servir de réponse aux Observations envoyées par les Ministres d’Angleterre dans les Cours de l’Europe.” “Relates to the Ohio expedition” – Sabin. “The letter concerning General Braddock’s expedition to Crown Point and falsely ascribed to the Duke of Cum- berland” – ESTC. SABIN 68283. HOWES R101, “aa.” ESTC T95589. $1500.

118. Shipley, Jonathan: A SPEECH INTENEDD [sic] TO HAVE BEEN SPOKEN IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS, ON THE BILL FOR AL- TERING THE CHARTER OF THE COLONY OF MASSACHU- SETT’S-BAY. Salem, N.E.: Printed and sold by E. Russell, 1774. 16pp. Half title. Antique-style half calf. Early ownership signature on titlepage of Richard Dexter. Quite tanned, scattered foxing. Good.

A rare American printing of Shipley’s popular defence of colonial rights. Originally published in London in 1774, it went through a number of American editions that same year. When Parliament wanted to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, Shipley published this ringing defense of American liberty. Shipley was the Bishop of St. Asaph and his pro-American speech became immediately popular in the colonies. “It was considered a masterpiece at the time” – DNB. While it is unclear why Shipley never delivered his speech, the printed version was a tremendous success, prompting Franklin to write to him, “The cause of liberty and America has been greatly obliged to you.” Of this Salem printing, ESTC locates only the copy at the American Antiquarian Society, and Adams adds only one other copy, at the Massachusetts Historical Society. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 141h. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-74A (note). SABIN 80518. EVANS 13622. ESTC W26811. HOWES S420. DNB (online). $2500.

A Major Revolutionary War Rarity: A Copy Belonging to One of the Author’s Comrades in Arms

119. Simcoe, John Graves, Lieut. Col.: A JOURNAL OF THE OPERA- TIONS OF THE QUEEN’S RANGERS FROM THE END OF THE YEAR 1777, TO THE CONCLUSION OF THE LATE AMERICAN WAR. Exeter, England: Printed for the author, [1787]. [8],184,[48]pp. plus ten folding maps highlighted in contemporary color. Quarto. Contemporary marbled boards with contemporary calf corners, attractively rebacked with later calf, spine richly gilt, raised bands. A bit of scuffing and stripping to the marbled paper, corner leather darkened and scuffed. Very fresh and neat internally. A handsome copy. In a cloth slipcase.

One of the legendary rarities of Revolutionary War books. Simcoe arrived in America as a young British Army officer in 1775. In the fall of 1777 he was promoted to major and given command of an American Tory cavalry regiment, the Queen’s Rangers. This book describes the actions the regiment was involved in, first around Philadelphia in 1777 and 1778, until the withdrawal of Howe to New York, then around New York in Long Island, Westchester County, and New Jersey until the end of 1780. On Dec. 11, 1780 the regiment embarked for Virginia as part of Benedict Arnold’s campaign there, serving in all of the dramatic actions in Virginia throughout 1781, and finally ending up trapped at Yorktown with Cornwallis. Simcoe then returned to England, where he wrote this book, privately printing it in an elaborate fashion, with ten folding maps of different actions. Simcoe later went on to a distinguished parliamentary and military career, and is most remembered today as the first governor of Upper Canada, and for the lake that bears his name. This copy bears the ownership signature on the titlepage of “T. Dundas” and the bookplate on the front pastedown of the “Dundas of Fingask” family. The signature is almost certainly that of Major-General Thomas Dundas (1750-1794), a British officer and governor of Guadeloupe (where he died of yellow fever). Born into an old Scottish gentry family, Thomas Dundas joined the army in 1766, served in the dragoons in Scotland and Ireland, and was sent to the American colonies in April, 1776 in the first group of reinforcements for the beleaguered British army. In 1778 he was appointed a lieutenant colonel in the 80th Foot, Royal Edinburgh volun- teers. “He embarked with the 80th in May 1779 and joined the army at New York in August; he and his regiment were with Clinton at the capture of Charlestown, South Carolina, in May 1780; and he himself was with Cornwallis’s army in the southern campaigns of 1780–81. He was one of the commissioners who arranged the surrender at Yorktown in October 1781” – DNB. In January, 1781, Dundas served with Benedict Arnold in the raid against Richmond. He was involved in many of the actions described in Simcoe’s account. This book was never published, and must have been done in a very small edition. As long ago as the Brayton Ives sale in 1891 a copy realized $152.50, and was recognized as one of the most important Revolutionary rarities. The Laird Park copy sold for $64,000 in 2000, and then brought $115,900 when it reappeared at auction in 2010. A copy of this work that we handled in the 1990s had a similar association with an officer of Cornwallis, and it is likely that Simcoe distributed many of the copies of this rare book to associates in the campaign. Simcoe’s book remains one of the black tulips of early Americana. HOWES S461, “d.” SABIN 81134. GEPHART 14434. STREETER SALE 808. CHURCH 1223. CLARK I:311. For Thomas Dundas, see his entry in DNB. $140,000. With the Famous Plates by Benjamin West

120. [Smith, William]: AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE EX- PEDITION AGAINST THE OHIO INDIANS, IN THE YEAR MDCCLXIV. UNDER THE COMMAND OF HENRY BOUQUET, ESQ....INCLUDING HIS TRANSACTIONS WITH THE INDI- ANS, RELATIVE TO THE DELIVERY OF THEIR PRISONERS... WITH AN INTRODUCTORY ACCOUNT OF THE PRECEDING CAMPAIGN.... Philadelphia, Printed; London, Re-printed for T. Jefferies [sic], Geographer to his Majesty..., 1766. [2],xiii,71pp. plus folding engraved map, two engraved plates by Grignion and Canot after Benjamin West, and two engraved plans. Quarto. Contemporary calf, neatly rebacked to style. Cor- ners bumped and rubbed. Modern bookplate on rear pastedown. Very minor foxing and soiling. Very good.

The principal account of the Bouquet Expedition: a lovely copy of the first British edition containing the famous plates by Benjamin West not found in the American first edition. Bouquet’s expedition to relieve Fort Pitt displayed British strength in the Ohio Country in the wake of the conclusion of the French and Indian War, and brought an end to the Pontiac War and the beginning of settlement in the region. The Indians were soundly defeated at the battle of Bushy-Run and treated for peace, releasing captives taken during previous years. Smith describes the campaign, gives an account of the country, tells of Indian warfare, and offers recommendations for repelling the natives. “Originally ascribed to Thomas Hutchins, who accompanied this expedition and executed the 2 plans; but that the book was prepared by Smith, from Bouquet’s notes, has been established. This campaign gave Pontiac’s conspiracy its death-blow” (Howes). The important map by Thomas Hutchins within the work is titled “A Map of [the] Country on the Ohio & Muskingum Rivers Shewing the Situation of the Indian Towns with respect to the Army under the Command of Colonel Bouquet,” and includes an inset showing “A Survey of that part of the Indian Country through which Colonel Bouquet Marched in 1764.” The map, re-engraved for this edition, is the most detailed depiction of the Ohio Valley up to that time. The present first British edition contains two famous plates by Benjamin West that did not appear in the first edition published in Philadelphia the previous year (“The Indians giving a Talk to Colonel Bouquet in a Conference at a Council Fire, near his Camp on the Banks of Muskingum in North America, in Octr. 1764” and “The Indians delivering up the English Captives to Colonel Bouquet, near his Camp at the Forks of Muskingum in North America in Novr. 1764”). In addition, this edition contains an appendix not found in the first edition. SABIN 84617. FIELD 1442. THOMSON 1066. HOWES S693, “c.” VAIL 572. SIEBERT SALE 279. $35,000.

121. Soulés, François: HISTOIRE DES TROUBLES DE L’AMÉRIQUE ANGLAISE, ECRITE SUR LES MÉMOIRES LES PLUS AU- THENTIQUES.... Paris. 1787. Four volumes. [8],379,[3]-6; [4],365; [4], 420; [4],272,43pp., plus three folding maps (one partially colored, two printed on blue paper). Contemporary Spanish tree calf binding, spines gilt, leather labels. Sympathetically rebacked, retaining original labels. A handsome set, very good.

Second and best edition, enlarged with the help of Thomas Jefferson. “In its completed form the best French history of this war; Rochambeau aided in its preparation” – Howes. An excellent work covering the history of the colonies from 1768 through 1783, with an emphasis on French and Spanish participation, and the signing of the treaty at Paris; all experts agree with Howes that this is the best French history of the Revolution. The large map is a handsome rendering of the eastern and southern United States north through a good part of Canada. The “Plan d’York en Virginie, avec les attaques et les Campemens de l’Armee combinee de France et d’Amerique” has a number of those locations colored by hand, as does the map of Long Island, and Delaware and Chesapeake bays; both are on blue paper. SABIN 87290. HOWES S770, “aa.” GEPHART 1031. $3500. 122. Sprengel, Matthias: GESCHICHTE DER REVOLUTION VON NORD-AMERICA. Frankenthal. 1785. [10],272pp. plus folding handcolored map. Contemporary drab paper boards, gilt leather label, paper label at foot of spine. Title-leaf neatly repaired in gutter. Internally clean and fresh. Very good. In a folding paper box.

The second edition of Sprengel’s history of the American Revolution, first published under a differing title in 1783. This edition has a larger map, but omits the plates found in that edition. The book was avidly read by the Rhinelanders as Hessian mercenaries returned from the War. Sprengel includes a list of his sources, which comprises a good contemporary bibliography, primarily of English books, on the War. HOWES S846. SABIN 89758. $1000.

Exceptionally Rare and Important First Printing of the 1765 Stamp Act: “The enormous engine fabricated by the British Parliament for battering down all the rights and liberties of America, I mean the Stamp Act...” – John Adams

123. [Stamp Act]: ANNO REGNI GEORGII III...AN ACT FOR GRANTING AND APPLYING CERTAIN STAMP DUTIES, AND OTHER DUTIES, IN THE BRITISH COLONIES AND PLANTA- TIONS IN AMERICA, TOWARDS FURTHER DEFRAYING THE EXPENCES OF DEFENDING, PROTECTING, AND SECUR- ING THE SAME...[caption title]. London: Printed by Mark Baskett, Printer to the King’s Most Excellent Majesty, 1765. [2],279-310pp. [bound with:] ANNO REGNI GEORGII III...AN ACT TO REPEAL AN ACT MADE IN THE LAST SESSION OF PARLIAMENT, INTI- TULED, AN ACT FOR GRANTING AND APPLYING CERTAIN STAMP DUTIES, AND OTHER DUTIES, IN THE BRITISH COLONIES.... London. 1766. [2],243-244pp. Folio. Antique-style three- quarter calf and contemporary marbled boards. A fine copy.

The official British folio printing of the Stamp Act, the passage of which was one of the signal events in the history of the United States. It is here bound with the repealing act passed the next year. After its successful effort in the French and Indian War, the British government was saddled with a massive debt. Added to this was the cost of administering its new lands in Canada, and the necessity of protecting colonists on the American frontier from Indian attacks. In order to raise funds for border defenses, the British Parliament decided to levy a tax directly on the colonists, rather than relying on colonial legislatures to raise the funds themselves (the colonies having a notoriously spotty track record in such efforts). Over the protests of colonial agents in London, including Benjamin Franklin from Pennsylvania and Jared Ingersoll of Connecticut, a tax was levied on all legal and commercial papers, pamphlets, newspapers, almanacs, cards, and dice. Nine pages in the present act are taken up with descriptions of what type of printed materials would be subject to the tax. A Stamp Office was created in Brit- ain, and Stamp Inspectors were to be assigned to each colonial district. Colonists wishing to purchase or use any of the materials covered in the Act would be required to buy a stamp. The outrage in the colonies at this form of taxation was immediate and overwhelming, and the Stamp Act was repealed in 1766. The bitterness engendered by the Act lingered on and, coupled with subsequent British laws including the Intoler- able Acts and the Townshend Acts, became some of the many grievances enunciated in the Declaration of In- dependence. “This is the original folio edition of the famous (or infamous) Stamp Act, by which the American colonies were taxed in and on their business papers” – Church. “The importance of this act to our history needs no comment” – Streeter. Sabin and Howes note an octavo edition of sixty-six pages, also printed by Baskett in London in 1765. This momentous law was reprinted several times in the American colonies in 1765, in editions in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Annapolis, New London, and Woodbridge, New Jersey. This copy is offered together with the repeal of the Act, issued in 1766. The bitterness engendered by the Act lingered on in its wake, however, and the seeds of revolution were irrevocably planted. An exceptionally important document in American history, quite rare on the market. HOWES A285, “b.” CHURCH 1054. SABIN 1606. STREETER SALE 737 (another ed). STEVENS 6. SWEET & MAXWELL II:176. $25,000.

124. [Stamp Act]: THE NECESSITY OF REPEALING THE AMERI- CAN STAMP-ACT DEMONSTRATED: OR, A PROOF THAT GREAT-BRITAIN MUST BE INJURED BY THAT ACT. IN A LETTER TO A MEMBER OF THE BRITISH HOUSE OF COM- MONS. London: Printed for J. Almon, 1766 [i.e. 1765]. 46,[1]pp. Modern marbled paper wrappers, laid in. Very good.

An important political pamphlet in which the author urges the overturning of the Stamp Act due to the increasingly bitter colonial response. Assuring his readers that the colonists bring no immediate threat of military force, “they are neither able nor desirous to contend with their mother country,” he instead warns of the effects on British trade with the colonies. Because of the great expense, he argues, the colonists might either refuse or be unable to continue to support the trade and thusly bring about economic ruin. A British citizen who resided in the colonies for several years, the author cautions, on behalf of the Americans, “they will never consent to enrich us, while they think we oppress them; they will never treat us with the respect due to parent, while they think we treat them as slaves; nor will they carry on a friendly and profitable trade with us, while they think we treat them as aliens, and load them with chains.” Adams notes the date of publication as 1765, though the titlepage reads 1766. The pamphlet was reprinted in Boston the next year. HOWES N31, “aa.” SABIN 52213. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 38a. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 65-17. $1500.

Wiping the Slate on the Stamp Act

125. [Stamp Act]: ANNO REGNI GEORGII III...AN ACT FOR IN- DEMNIFYING PERSONS WHO HAVE INCURRED CERTAIN PENALTIES INFLICTED BY AN ACT OF THE LAST SESSION OF PARLIAMENT, FOR GRANTING CERTAIN STAMP DU- TIES IN THE BRITISH COLONIES AND PLANTATIONS IN AMERICA.... London. 1766. [2],823-826pp. Folio. Dbd. Crisp and clean. Near fine.

An official British Act passed after the repeal of the Stamp Act, in which those persons who had incurred penalties from non-compliance with the Stamp Act are cleared of charges against them. Because of the attacks on Stamp Act collectors, many persons had been unable to obtain the official stamped paper for various legal transactions. The Stamp Act, which caused such public outcry in the colonies, was repealed the year after it was passed. This nullified any remaining Stamp Act issues. Only three copies in ESTC, at the Lincoln’s Inn Library, the Newberry, and the University of North Carolina. ESTC N56936. $2250.

126. [Stamp Act]: POLITICAL DEBATES. [bound with:] CORRECT COPIES OF THE TWO PROTESTS AGAINST THE BILL TO REPEAL THE AMERICAN STAMP ACT, OF LAST SESSION. WITH LISTS OF THE SPEAKERS AND VOTERS. [bound with:] A LIST OF THE MINORITY IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, WHO VOTED AGAINST THE BILL TO REPEAL THE AMERI- CAN STAMP ACT. Paris [i.e. London]. 1766. 18; 24; 8pp. Modern half calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Internally clean, some minor toning. Near fine.

A sammelband of three pamphlets relating to the repeal of the Stamp Act. The first title contains extracts from William Pitt’s speeches regarding the Stamp Act, and is an important text in the debate. The second title prints the arguments made by those members of the House of Lords who opposed a repeal of the Stamp Act. The main reason seems to be not that the tax is just, but that repealing it would set a bad precedent. This pamphlet also lists the Lords who spoke and voted against the repeal. Their votes would prove to be in vain, however, as the bill passed both houses and received royal assent on March 18, one week after the Lords’ vote. Also bound here is an eight-page list of the minority in the House of Commons who voted against the bill to repeal the Stamp Act, noted by Adams but absent from most copies of the Two Protests.... AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-14b, 66-27, 66-26. GOLDSMITHS 10220. SABIN 63761, 16839, 41453. ESTC T43956, T34189, N11577. $1000.

With a Woodcut Map of the New York Area in 1776

127. Stearns, Samuel: THE NORTH AMERICAN’S ALMANACK, FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD, 1777. Worcester: Printed by Stearns and Bigelow, [1776]. [24]pp. 12mo. Dbd. Minor toning and foxing. Very good.

The first state of this Revolutionary-era almanac by Samuel Stearns, featuring a map of the forts at New York on the front page. In this earlier state, the legend accompanying the map on the title page (of the defences of New York) has the reference: “See p. 3d.” In the second state this has been corrected to read: “See p. 4th.” Additionally, the seasonal verses at heads of calendar pages in the earlier state have been replaced in the later state with verses from Hale’s “The sum of religion.” While this almanac is remarkably similar in general content to the North American’s Almanack of the same year by Isaac Warren, also published by Stearns (Evans calls it “essentially the same”), the calendar is entirely different from that of Warren. EVANS 15096. DRAKE 3268. $2500.

One of the Most Important British Accounts of the Revolution

128. Stedman, Charles: THE HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN, PROGRESS, AND TERMINATION OF THE AMERICAN WAR. London: Printed for the Author, sold by J. Murray, J. Debrett and J. Kerby, 1794. Two volumes. xv,399; xv,449,[13]pp., plus fifteen engraved maps and plans (eleven folding). Half titles. Quarto. 18th-century speckled calf, gilt; expertly rebacked to style, spines elaborately gilt, morocco labels, marbled endpapers. An occasional light fox mark. Very good.

First edition of a work that is fundamental to any collection of books relating to the American Revolution. This work is “generally considered the best contemporary account of the Revolution written from the British side” (Sabin). Stedman was a native of Philadelphia, a Loyalist who served as an officer under Howe, Clin- ton, and Cornwallis, and later became an examiner of Loyalist claims for the British government. He had firsthand knowledge of many of the campaigns and persons involved in the effort. He is critical of Howe, and describes all the major theatres of war, as well as individual battles from Bunker Hill to Yorktown. The beautifully engraved maps (the largest of which is approximately 20 x 30 inches) constitute the finest collection of plans assembled by an eyewitness. They depict the sieges of Savannah and Charlestown, plus the battles of Saratoga, Camden, Guilford, Hobkirk’s Hill, and Yorktown. HOWES S914, “b.” JCB II:372. LOWNDES V, p.2504. SABIN 91057. WINSOR VI, p.518. $15,000.

Rare Work on American Constitutions

129. [Stevens, John]: EXAMEN DU GOUVERNEMENT D’ANGLE- TERRE, COMPARÉ AUX CONSTITUTIONS DES ÉTATS-UNIS. OU L’ON REFUTE QUELQUES ASSERTIONS CONTENUES DANS L’OUVRAGE DE M. ADAMS, INTITULÉ: APOLOGIE DES CONSTITUTIONS DES ÉTATS-UNIS D’AMÉRIQUE, & DANS CELUI DE M. DELOLME, INTITULÉ: DE LA CON- STITUTION D’ANGLETERRE. PAR UNE CULTIVATEUR DE NEW-JERSEY. Paris. 1789. viii,291pp. Contemporary speckled calf, spine gilt. Extremities worn, leather spine label lacking. Contemporary bookplate on front pastedown, partially removed. Contemporary notation on titlepage. Negligible foxing, generally quite clean. About very good. In a half morocco and cloth slipcase.

First French edition of this rare early work on the Constitution, after the first American edition of 1787. This is by far the more important edition of this work, which had little impact in the United States, but a great influence on the French Revolution. According to Joyce Appleby, “Stevens’ Observations on Government, ignored at home, became a smashing hit in France. DuPont, Condorcet, and Mazzei turned the 56-page pamphlet into a 291-page book complete with 174 pages of notes, a translation of the new U.S. Constitution, and notes from the Virginia ratifying convention.” Arguably, it brought the initial French revolutionaries in line with an American vision of government, since it was issued at a point when debate over a new federal constitution was the topic of the day. HOWES S968. SABIN 41646. COHEN 2777. $1250. Large Mezzotint of Banastre Tarleton, British Cavalry Leader of the Revolution

130. [Tarleton, Banastre]: LT. COL. TARLETON. London: J.R. Smith, 1782. Handcolored mezzotint, 25½ x 16¼ inches. Moderate foxing, with a couple circular dampstains to the image area (in the clouds). A few small pieces of tape remnants on verso. Good.

A famous portrait, engraved by John Raphael Smith after the oil painting by Sir Joshua Reynolds which now hangs in the National Gallery in London. The swashbuckling Tarleton was the leader of Cornwallis’ cavalry, earning a reputation for ferocity through his many exploits in America. He arrived in New York in the spring of 1776, served in the campaigns in New York and New Jersey in 1776 and 1777, and raided out of New York in 1778. In 1780 he went south to Charleston, and fought bitterly in the Carolinas throughout the year before moving to Virginia in 1781, where he surrendered with Cornwallis. Reynolds painted him shortly after his return from six years in America, dressed in a bearskin helmet and leaning on a cannon, every inch a dramatic leader. Lord Ronald Sutherland Gower writes glowingly of Reynolds painting, and this subsequent mezzotint, in his book Sir Joshua Reynolds: His Life and Art:

Young Colonel Tarleton had distinguished himself in the American war by his splendid dash and gallantry; with the strength of a young Hercules he combined the beauty of a Greek. He was beloved by his men, and Tarleton’s Legion was long remembered in the South American States. He posed at the beginning of that year [1782] for his full-length portrait for his mother. Sir Joshua’s portrait of Tarleton was a strikingly original work; he has in a most ingenious manner conquered the difficulty of what would have been stiff and wooden in effect, owing to the ungainly uniform he wears, had he placed his model dif- ferently, but Reynolds has avoided any stiffness by recalling that his model was wounded by a shot in the thigh, and by an inspiration of true genius, he has represented the young officer binding up his wounded limb, which he rests on a dismounted gun. The attitude is as fine as the pose of some Grecian warrior or athlete by Phidias or Myron. Young Tarleton is said to have been as vain as he was brave, and one can imagine that his vanity was not lessened by this portrait. It was engraved in mezzotint in 1782 by J. R. Smith; the mezzotint is as fine as the portrait itself.

Unfortunately, Gower is wrong in one respect. The pose does not show Tarleton binding a wound, but is designed to conceal his left hand, which had only three fingers, the other two having been lopped off in a saber fight. But he is quite correct that it is an extraordinary portrait – all visitors to the National Gallery should see the original. CHALONER SMITH III:161. D’OENCH 202. HAMILTON III, p.67. $1500. Key Revolutionary Work

131. Tarleton, Banastre, Lieut.-Col.: A HISTORY OF THE CAM- PAIGNS OF 1780 AND 1781, IN THE SOUTHERN PROVINCES OF NORTH AMERICA. London. 1787. vii,[1],518pp. (including errata) plus one folding map with routes marked by hand in color, and four folding plans, with positions and troop movements marked by hand in colors. Quarto. Contemporary tree calf, recased with original gilt spine and board leather laid down, leather label. Some edge wear. Contemporary bookplate on front pastedown, modern bookplate on rear pastedown. Light dampstain to bottom corner and outer margin of some leaves. Very good.

A standard work concerning the southern campaigns of the American Revolution. Tarleton, the commander of a Tory cavalry unit, the British Legion, served in America from May 1776 through the siege of Yorktown. He was infamous for his brutal tactics and hard-riding attacks. His narrative is one of the principal British accounts of the Revolution, notable for his use of original documents, a number of which are included as notes following the relevant chapters. The handsome maps and plans include “The Marches of Lord Cornwallis in the Southern Provinces...” showing the Carolinas, Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware (with routes traced by hand in color); and plans of the siege of Charlestown, the battles of Camden and Guildford, and the siege of Yorktown. HOWES T37, “b.” CHURCH 1224. CLARK I:317. SABIN 94397. $8500.

The Ohio Country in the French and Indian War

132. [Thomson, Charles]: AN ENQUIRY INTO THE CAUSES OF THE ALIENATION OF THE DELAWARE AND SHAWANESE INDIANS FROM THE BRITISH INTEREST, AND INTO THE MEASURES TAKEN FOR RECOVERING THEIR FRIENDSHIP... TOGETHER WITH THE REMARKABLE JOURNAL OF CHRIS- TIAN FREDERIC POST...WITH NOTES BY THE EDITOR EXPLAINING SUNDRY INDIAN CUSTOMS, &c. WRITTEN IN PENNSYLVANIA. London: Printed for J. Wilkie, 1759. 184pp. plus folding map. 19th-century straight-grain morocco, gilt, spine gilt, gilt inner dentelles. Rear hinge somewhat rubbed. Toned, some light pencil marginalia. Map mounted on linen. Very good.

The Frank Deering copy, with his bookplate. A work of the greatest importance for the history of the French and Indian War. Thomson argues that the arrogance and greed of the colonial government of Pennsylvania caused the rupture between the Pennsylvania Indians and the British, and temporarily forced the natives to the French side of the fight in the Ohio country. “Apparently printed at Benjamin Franklin’s expense as part of his campaign to discredit the Proprietary government of Pennsylvania” – Streeter. “It was one of the most important works on relations with the Indians that had been published up to that time” – Graff. Christian Post, a Moravian missionary, travelled to the Ohio country in 1758 to negotiate with the Indians, and won them back to the British side. His journal of that trip makes up the second part of this book. The map shows Pennsylvania, with various important western points located. HOWES T210, “b.” GRAFF 4139. CHURCH 1029. FIELD 1548. VAIL 535. JONES 498. STREETER SALE 966. SABIN 95562. THOMSON 1145. $14,000.

133. Thomson, Charles: [AUTOGRAPH DOCUMENT, SIGNED BY CHARLES THOMSON AS SECRETARY OF CONGRESS, RE- GARDING THE CAPTURE OF SAVANNAH]. [Philadelphia]. Jan. 29, 1779. [1]p., docketed on verso. Folio. Old fold lines. Minor wear and light soiling, several small reinforcements on verso. About very good.

Autograph extract from the minutes of the Continental Congress, signed by Charles Thomson who served as Secretary to the Continental Congress during its existence (1774-89). In the document, which is an extract from the minutes of Congress, Congress reacts to the capture of Savannah by the British. Upon learning that Savannah had been occupied by the British on Dec. 29, 1778, and that the new capital of Augusta was being attacked by a combined force of British regulars and American Loyalists, Congress ordered an immediate consultation with General Washington. “Ordered, That the intelligence received from Georgia and South Carolina be referred to the committee appointed to confer with commander in chief; that they immediately confer thereon with the general and report such resolutions as they may think necessary to be passed for the defence of those states.” To this order, Thomson has appended the following note: “The papers are at the board of war having been referred to them yesterday for certain purposes.” Ironically, Augusta would fall to the British the very day this order was adopted. Savannah was occupied by the British until July 1782. $1850.

134. Thomson, Charles: [DOCUMENT, SIGNED BY CHARLES THOMSON, REQUISITIONING SUPPLIES FOR THE CONTI- NENTAL ARMY]. [Philadelphia. Nov. 4, 1780]. [3]pp., docketed on verso. Folio. Repaired at central horizontal and vertical folds with tissue, some small tissue repairs at edges. Silked. Good.

List of requisitions for specific supplies, as issued by the Continental Congress on Nov. 4, 1780, extracted and signed by Charles Thomson as the Secretary of that body. This copy has been docketed on the fourth page, “Delaware,” indicating its intended destination. At this time, General Nathanael Greene was about to be appointed to relieve Horatio Gates. After departing from West Point, Greene made numerous stops on his way to Hillsboro, North Carolina, requesting men, uniforms, weapons, and food. Congress, under the Articles of Confederation, could likewise only request, not order, such provender. This portion of the minutes begins with supplies of beef, pork, flour, rum, and salt, due from Pennsylvania, likewise listing supplies needed from Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. It closes with the detailed resolutions concerning substitutions of pork for beef, of continental rum for the West Indian variety, of Indian meal for flour, and concerning methods of adjustment for any state that supplies more than its due proportion. $4500.

135. Timberlake, Henry: VOYAGES DU LIEUTENANT HENRI TIM- BERLAKE, QUI FUT CHARGÉ, DANS L’ANNÉE 1760, DE CON- DUIRE EN ANGLETERRE TROIS SAUVAGES, DE LA TRIBA DES CHEROKEES.... Paris. L’an V [i.e. 1797]. [2],viii,187,[1]pp. plus frontispiece. 12mo. Contemporary calf, spine gilt, leather label. Minor chipping to spine, corners lightly worn. Minor foxing. Very good.

Scarce French translation of Henry Timberlake’s Memoirs..., originally published in London in 1765. This edition does not contain a map, though the frontispiece plate depicts a Native American couple. Timberlake was a British officer who spent considerable time with the Cherokees in Georgia and eastern Tennessee in the early 1760s, during the turbulent period of frontier strife at the end of the French and Indian War. He later accompanied a delegation of Cherokees to London. His account, here in the French translation, is one of the best of the period, and one of the few accounts of the war with the Cherokees in the southern colonies. “Represents the earliest and one of the historically significant works relative to the Cherokee Indians and their activities” – Allen. ALLEN, SOME TENNESSEE RARITIES 1 (1st ed). HOWES T271. CLARK I:319. SABIN 95836. $2000.

136. [Tooke, John Horne]: THE TRIAL OF JOHN HORNE, ESQ; UPON AN INFORMATION FILED EX OFFICIO BY HIS MAJESTY’S ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR A LIBEL.... London: S. Bladon, 1767 [i.e. 1777]. 46pp. Folio. Modern paper boards with buckram spine. Boards slightly bent, spine lightly rubbed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor foxing. Very good.

Trial of English radical John Horne Tooke, charged with libel for writing that the British troops murdered colonists at Lexington and Concord. “Following a clash between the colonists and British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775, the Constitutional Society, at Horne’s suggestion, raised a subscription for the Americans concerned. Horne was to convey the money to Benjamin Franklin, and the society’s resolutions were drawn up by Horne and published in the newspapers to announce that the subscription was for ‘our beloved American fellow-subjects, who...preferring death to slavery, were...inhumanly murdered by the King’s troops’.... Horne found himself charged with libel for the advertisement he prepared, and on 4 July 1777 was tried before Lord Mansfield. He defended himself with characteristic forcefulness and audacity but was found guilty and sentenced to one year in prison, to pay a fine of £200, and to find sureties for three years of £400 from himself and £200 from two others” – DNB. Only ten copies listed in ESTC. ESTC T201343. SABIN 96176. $4000.

The Preliminary Articles of Peace of the French and Indian War

137. [Treaties – Great Britain]: PRELIMINARY ARTICLES OF PEACE, BETWEEN HIS BRITANNICK MAJESTY, THE MOST CHRIS- TIAN KING, AND THE CATHOLICK KING. SIGNED AT FON- TAINEBLEAU, THE 3d DAY OF NOVEMBER, 1762. London. 1762. 23pp. printed in double-column format in parallel French and English. Quarto. Recent half morocco and marbled boards. Titlepage lightly soiled. Very good.

The first publication of one of the most far-reaching and significant peace treaties to deal with North America. By terms of this treaty, printed here for final ratification and made official in 1763, major shifts in the American balance of power take place. The French are almost entirely expelled from North America, as their Canadian possessions and all lands east of the Mississippi are ceded to the British. The remainder of Louisiana goes to the Spanish. The Spanish give up claims in Florida to the British, who also receive the Grenadines and Dominica. All the French get is the return of Martinique, Guadeloupe, and several smaller Caribbean islands. The new balance of power set the stage for the American Revolution and the rise of the power of the United States. HOWES P569. SABIN 65044. SERVIES 423. DAVENPORT 148. $4500.

The Roots of English Constitutional Opposition

138. Trenchard, John: ESSAYS ON IMPORTANT SUBJECTS, by the late John Trenchard. Never before published. London: Printed for A. Millar, 1755. [4],107pp. Contemporary marbled boards, neatly rebacked and recornered in modern calf in matching style. Small 19th-century private library ticket on front pastedown. Contemporary ownership inscription on titlepage crossed out. Minor foxing. Very good.

Printed by William Bowyer, whose records show an edition of 1000 copies. The book contains seven posthumous essays on various topics including Miracles, Trea- ties, Elections, Controverted Elections, Offices and Corruption, Practicable Men, and Frugality. John Trenchard (1662-1723) was a political writer who wrote a series of weekly essays under the name of “Cato,” railing against governmental corruption and advocated the rights of the common man. He also authored two works arguing against a standing army in England, An Argument, Shewing that a Standing Army is Inconsistent with a Free Government (1697) and A Short History of Standing Armies in England (1698). His essays are often considered one of the bases of the “Country Whig” position in British politics, the origin of many of the ideas which informed the position of the American thinkers of the Revolution. ESTC T128631. $2500.

First Magazine Printing of the Constitution

139. [United States Constitution]: THE COLUMBIAN MAGAZINE FOR SEPTEMBER, 1787. Philadelphia: Printed for Seddon, Spotswood, Cist, and Trenchard, 1787. pp.615-674 plus two plates (one folding). Original blue pictorial wrappers, with later stitching. Wrappers soiled and worn, spine perished. Text tanned and a bit soiled, some light foxing. Withal, in very good, unsophisticated condition (save for the later stitching). Untrimmed. In a half morocco and marbled boards clamshell case, spine gilt, gilt leather labels.

The first periodical printing of the United States Constitution, probably issued within a week of its issuance as a broadside. The Constitutional Convention ratified its final draft on Monday, September 17, 1787. The following day, September 18, the broadside version, issued for members of the Convention, was printed by Dunlap and Claypoole, the official printers. On September 19 the same printers issued the first public printing of the Constitution in their newspaper, The Pennsylvania Packet. The present magazine was probably printed late in the week, and the final signature, containing the Constitution and recent news, was probably printed on Saturday, September 22. This is the last internal date, on the last page, and actually refers to an event that took place on the 17th as “Monday last.” From a survey of Mott’s History of American Magazines in the period, it seems that it was common practice to issue monthly publications by the last week of every month. This issue would seem to have been out and in general circulation by Monday the 24th, one week after the end of the Conven- tion. Its version of the Constitution was executed, most likely, on the 22nd, four days after the official broadside and three days after the first public, newspaper, appearance. This issue also contains the text of John Quincy Adams’s Harvard commencement address (he finished second in a class of fifty-one), which was given in Cambridge on July 18, 1787. It is his first published writing. The Columbian Magazine was a distinguished publication of the period. Mott calls it one of the best 18th-century American magazines. It began in Sep- tember, 1786, and was well established, with Matthew Carey’s American Museum, as one of the two major periodicals then being issued in Philadelphia, or for that matter the country, at the time. Since the magazine probably had wider circulation than the newspapers issued in Philadelphia, it is likely that this printing was one of the chief means of disseminating the Constitution immediately after its first publication. The front wrapper contains a striking engraving of an eagle perched atop a globe. An exceptionally early and important printing of the Constitution. MOTT, HISTORY OF AMERICAN MAGAZINES I, pp.94-9. EVANS 20280. Wilbur T. Roberts: “They Printed the Declaration and the Constitution” in The Mentor, July 1928, pp.52-54. Leonard A. Rapport, “Printing the Constitution” in Prologue: The Journal of the National Archives, Fall 1970, pp.69-89. $8500.

The First American Army Regulations

140. [United States Continental Congress]: RULES AND ARTICLES FOR THE BETTER GOVERNMENT OF THE TROOPS RAISED, OR TO BE RAISED AND KEPT IN PAY BY AND AT THE EX- PENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Philadelphia: Printed by John Dunlap, 1776. 36pp. Original plain paper wrappers, stitched. Spine worn, light wear and slight soiling. Discreet ink stamp inside rear cover. Near fine, untrimmed. In a blue half morocco and cloth slipcase.

The first edition of one of the first and most important acts of Congress after the Declaration of Independence. On June 14, 1776 a committee was formed composed of John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John Rutledge, James Wilson, and Robert R. Livingston. These committee members revised the 1775 code, which had been published for “the Twelve United English Colonies of North America.” The present revised code was recast so as to more closely resemble the British Ar- ticles of War. The Continental Congress approved the revised Articles of War on September 20, 1776, and they remained in force, with one major revision, until 1806. This document is the foundation of American military law. At the end is printed a resolution of Congress, dated August 21, 1776, and signed in print by John Hancock as president, stating: “That all persons...found lurking as Spies in or about the fortifications or encampments of the Armies of the United States...shall suffer Death according to the law and usage of nations, by sentence of a Court- Martial....” It was under this ruling that Major André was executed for treason in 1780. EVANS 15187. NAIP w022042. HILDEBURN 3466. SABIN 74058. DNB VII, pp.583- 84. $25,000.

The Official Printing of the First American Treaty with Any Power, with All the Official French Government Acts for 1778

141. [United States-France Treaty]: [France – Government Regulations]: TRAITE D’AMITIE ET DE COMMERCE, CONLU ENTRE LE ROI ET LES ETATS-UNIS DE L’AMERIQUE SEPTENTRIO- NALE, LE 6 FEVRIER, 1778. [Contained in a SAMMELBAND OF MORE THAN 200 OFFICIAL FRENCH ACTS FOR THE YEAR 1778]. Paris: de l’Imprimerie Royale, 1778. 23pp. Various paginations for the remainder of the volume. Thick quarto. Contemporary mottled French calf, spine heavily gilt, gilt leather label. Minor wear to binding. Very minor scattered soiling or foxing. Near fine.

The official French printing of the first French- American treaty, the first treaty between the United States and any other country, and a decisive moment in the American Revolution. Having struggled to find allies in their fight against England, the fledgling United States achieved recognition from France when news of Burgoyne’s defeat reached Paris. In February 1778 the American commissioners, Benjamin Frank- lin, Arthur Lee, and Silas Deane, negotiated both the treaty of amity and commerce, published herein, and a treaty of military alliance. Because France wished to consult with its ally, Spain, the alliance treaty was not immediately published in France, and probably first appeared in print in Philadelphia; the amity and commerce treaty was published immediately, however, first appearing in this Paris edition. France and the United States grant each other most-favored- nation trade status and agree to protect each others’ commercial vessels. Both parties also agree to abstain from fishing in each others’ waters, with the United States especially agreeing to refrain from fishing on the banks of Newfoundland. Howes records two Paris editions of 1778: this official twenty-three-page printing, and another of eight pages. This important treaty is contained in a sammelband with more than two hundred other acts for 1778, touching on law and justice, currency, the press and publishing, religion, provinces, royal and princely estate, hospitals and support, salt, traffic, grain, wine trade, maintenance of roads, ports, etc. Some parts concern the navy, France’s colonies, and relations with the United States. These were issued individu- ally, but are bound here with a volume titlepage, as well as an analytic index and an index by date. A veritable treasure trove of French laws and acts, in a handsome contemporary binding. BRUNET I:12. MALLOY, p.468. SABIN 96565. HOWES T328. ECHEVERRIA & WILKIE 778/36. STREETER SALE 791. $35,000.

Laws of the First Congress

142. [United States Laws]: ACTS PASSED AT A CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, ON WEDNESDAY THE FOURTH OF MARCH, IN THE YEAR M,DCC,LXXXIX: AND OF THE INDE- PENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES, THE THIRTEENTH. Published by Authority. Philadelphia: Printed by Francis Childs and John Swaine, Printers to the United States, [1791]. xiv,[15]-93,[1],[1]pp. with leaf F1 (pp.21-22) repeated. Folio. Stitched as issued. Titlepage and final two leaves slightly soiled, particularly at edges. Contemporary annotation in margin of titlepage. Slight age-toning and occasional minor soiling internally. Lower third of final printed page (with brief errata) torn at bottom (no loss of text). A very good copy.

The extremely rare 1791 Philadelphia printing of the acts of the first Congress of the United States, originally published in its official edition by Childs and Swaine in New York in 1789. The Acts contain much of the legislation fundamental to the establishment of the government under the Constitution. The first Congress met in New York on March 4, 1789 and continued until the end of September. It officially ratified the Constitution (included here on pp.[v]-xii) and Washington’s election as first U.S. president, and passed much of the most basic legislation for the functioning of the new nation, regulating such departments as Customs, Judiciary, Post Office, and the Mint. Much time was spent on the Bill of Rights, reprinted in this edition on pages 92-93 and still including twelve amendments (the first two, relating to the numbers in a congressional district and congressional salaries, were later omitted). An extremely rare edition of a foundation work in the history of American government. NAIP records only copies at LC and AAS, the latter copy with titlepage mutilated, lacking pages 23-24, and with pages 21-22 repeated. EVANS 23842. NAIP w014333. $9500.

The First American Treaty with a Power Other than France: Philadelphia Broadside Printing of the First U.S.-Netherlands Treaty

143. [United States-Netherlands Treaty]: BY THE UNITED STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED: A PROCLAMATION...A TREA- TY OF AMITY AND COMMERCE, BETWEEN THEIR HIGH MIGHTINESSES, THE STATES GENERAL OF THE UNITED NETHERLANDS, AND THE UNITED-STATES OF AMERICA... [caption title]. [Philadelphia. 1783]. Broadside, 20 x 17 inches. Printed in six columns. Docketed on the verso in a contemporary hand: “Proclamation of Congress 1783.” A few minor tears along old fold marks, several words affected in first and sixth columns of text. Gently tanned. Overall good.

A large broadside printing of the first treaty between the United States and the Netherlands, signed at the Hague on Oct. 8, 1782 and ratified by Congress on Jan. 3, 1783. This is only the second treaty made by the United States with a power other than France, and by it the Netherlands became the second nation to officially recognize the United States. John Adams had concluded the treaty at the Hague as plenipotentiary for the United States. Most of the twenty-nine articles of the treaty concern trade, shipping, merchant ships, and the like. The text of an additional convention between the two powers relating to prize vessels is also printed herein. Elias Boudinot’s name is printed at the end of the document as president of Congress. A rare broadside printing of a treaty that marked the beginning of the long friendship between the United States and the Netherlands. This may be a unique example of this printing of the treaty. Shipton & Mooney notes a broadside printing of this treaty at the New-York Historical Society, but it is dated 1782 and may not include the notice that the treaty was approved by Congress in January 1783. It is likely that this version was printed immediately after ratification. MALLOY, p.1233. SHIPTON & MOONEY 44280 (ref ). $8500.

144. [United States Senate]: JOURNAL OF THE SECOND SESSION OF THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, JANUARY 4th, 1790; AND IN THE FOURTEENTH YEAR OF THE INDE- PENDENCE OF THE SAID STATES. New York: John Fenno, 1790. 224pp., pp.222-224 misnumbered 122-124. Folio. Contemporary three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Boards lightly stained and worn. Light, even toning. Very good.

This copy has a distinguished provenance, bearing the ownership signature on the front free endpaper and again on a front fly leaf of Ben- jamin Huntington. Huntington (1736-1800) graduated Yale in 1761, became a lawyer, and was a member of the Connecticut state House of Representatives for much of the 1770s, serving as Speaker in 1778-79. He was a member of the Second Continental Congress and was elected to the first Congress of the United States as a pro-administration candidate in 1788. Huntington was also an ancestor of the noted book collector, Henry E. Huntington. The Senate journal of the second session of the first Congress. Many important issues were settled in the discussions recorded herein, and many significant moments in the nation’s history are treated in depth. Included are the first State of the Union Message, discussions of state surrender of western lands, notices of ratification of the Bill of Rights, and discussions concerning the seat of government and Hamilton’s fiscal proposals. There are two issues of this Senate journal: the earlier issue (as in the case here) has the final three pages misnumbered; in the latter issue the pagination error has been corrected, and an errata added. A highly important journal describing some of the founding legislation of the United States, with the provenance of a member of the first United States Congress. EVANS 22982. ESTC W20579. $8500. 145. [United States Senate]: JOURNAL OF THE THIRD SESSION OF THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, DE- CEMBER 6th, 1790. Philadelphia: John Fenno, 1791. 203pp. Folio. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt with leather labels. Lightly foxed. Very good.

This copy bears the ownership signature of James Hillhouse (1754-1832), a New Haven lawyer and politician who served as a U.S. Congressman and later Senator. The journal of the Senate recorded during the third session of the first Congress and including its response to a State of the Union address by Washington detailing issues with public credit and the northwest frontier; sundry acts authorizing the President to discharge foreign debts; and “An Act Declaring the Consent of Con- gress, that a New State be Formed within the Jurisdiction of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and Admitted into this Union by the name of the State of Kentucky.” In all, many important issues were settled in the discussions recorded here, and many significant events in the nation’s history are treated in depth. NAIP w020589. EVANS 23901. $4500.

Vermont and New York, and Waging the Revolution from Albany in 1780

146. Varick, Richard: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM RICH- ARD VARICK TO DIRCK ROMEYN, CONCERNING THE BUSINESS OF THE NEW YORK STATE LEGISLATURE]. Al- bany. March 28, 1780. [3]pp., docketed on verso. Folio. Old fold lines. Light soiling. Silked. Good.

Colonel Richard Varick writes to his friend, Rev. Dirck Romeyn, discussing news of the New York State Legislature in Albany. Varick (1753-1831) was studying law at the outbreak of the Revolution and subsequently served in the Continental Army. At this point in his career, Varick’s commission as one of General Schuyler’s officers had not been renewed and he had just left his father’s house in Hackensack where he was pondering the renewal of his law career. He visited Albany to observe the legislature before taking the post of inspector general at West Point. Dick Romeyn (1744-1804), minister of the Reformed Church in Hackensack and later founder of Union College, was staying at the home of Varick’s father, where he had just endured a British attack, barely escaping by hiding himself and others in the attic. Varick writes, in part:

As the person I write by is to go off this morning, I shall barely take time to give you a little sketch of the business done by our legislature this session, which will break up to now. Soon after my learning how many of the numbers of the Upper House had got it in their noodles that they had a right & it was exped[ient] to declare Vermont an independent state (as Congress had not obliged on the subject) & to settle a line of jurisdiction between us.

The Governor, however, intervened, pointing out that such a resolution was the business of the Congress and if they proceeded he would “prorogue the House. The message was received with a degree of chagrin by some & pleasure by others....” Varick also reports that the legislature has passed a law to raise two regiments, among other laws. He closes by informing his friend that he plans to leave in May:

I cannot afford to live here nor can I get land money to defray the enormous expenses of 4 dollars per meal for myself and horse....I can get books. I shall go to Kingston in May. Of this I have some small hopes yet. I have no idea of remaining in Albany at a monstrous expense....I hope in five days to write you further. In the mean time let me congratulate you on your escape from the hands of your enemies a few weeks since & for the signal interposition of heaven in disappointing the miscreant wretches in the base designs.

Later in 1780, Varick became the chief aide to Benedict Arnold at West Point. As such he came under considerable suspicion when Arnold’s treason was discovered in September 1780. He was completely exonerated, and went on to be an aide to Washington and a prominent New York politico, including a stint as Mayor of New York which got a street named after him. $2000.

The Story of a Double Agent in the Revolution

147. Varick, Richard: [TWO AUTOGRAPH DOCUMENTS, EACH SIGNED BY RICHARD VARICK, CONCERNING JAMES SEA- GROVE]. New York. Nov. 21, 1786. 4pp., on a single folded sheet. Folio. Old fold lines. Second leaf inlaid in a frame of later paper. Some light wear and soiling. Very good. In a thick red half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Two separate depositions on the same sheet, each written and signed by Richard Varick as the New York State Recorder. This was at the beginning of Varick’s illustri- ous political career; he later served as New York State Attorney General (1788-89), and was Mayor of New York City from 1789 to 1801. The depositions concern the whereabouts and activities of one James Seagrove during the Revolutionary War. They were given by Charles McEvers and William Constable, and are each similar, though some details do differ. James Seagrove (1747-1812) engaged in various business activities with Constable during the war, and developed a network of mercantile and diplomatic contacts with the Spanish and the Indians along the Georgia borders. He seems to have been a double agent. The state and federal governments used his talents in various missions to the southern tribes early in the war. Then, Seagrove resided within the British lines in New York during 1777- 78. He moved to Philadelphia while it was occupied by the British and remained there after the British evacuation in June 1778. According to McEvers’ account, Seagrove remained in Philadelphia until 1780, when he became an aide-de-camp to General Lincoln in the Continental Army. According to Constable’s account, Seagrove joined the Comte d’Estaing’s squadron and went to Rhode Island. Both accounts agree, however, that Seagrove was captured with General Lincoln by Sir Henry Clinton in May 1780, at Charleston. Exchanged in 1781, Seagrove went to Havana, and “...remained out of the power of the British troops during the remainder of the war...,” according to the deposition, but out of the Americans’ reach as well. $1250.

148. [Washington, George]: WEATHERWISE’S TOWN AND COUN- TRY, ALMANACK, FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD, 1784; BE- ING BESSEXTILE [sic] OR LEAP-YEAR: AND THE EIGHTH OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE.... Boston: Norman and White, [1783]. [24]pp. Pictorial self-wrappers, stitched as issued. Rather chipped and frayed along edges. Toned and bit soiled, slight foredge gnawing affecting astrological chart on one leaf. Else good.

An early and rare post-Revolutionary almanac, notable for the primitive woodcut containing an almost cartoon-like portrait of “Victorious General Washington, survey’d in pleasing attitudes...while Britannia deplores her loss of America.” The caption beneath the cut reads: “Washington – Victory doth thy Trumpets sound, Who are with Laurels, cover’d round.” NAIP attributes this almanac to Daniel George, and says that Evans is incorrect in assigning it to David Rittenhouse. Another issue, identical save for the titlepage, was also published in 1783 with the Boston imprint of Nathaniel Coverly. “The illustration was...a sort of lifetime memorial that reflected Washington’s legendary status among his countrymen by the time the Revolution was over” – Wick. NAIP locates only six copies. EVANS 18164. DRAKE 3337. HAMILTON 100. WICK, GEORGE WASHINGTON AN AMERICAN ICON 18. NAIP w036459. $1250.

149. Washington, George Augustine: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM MAJ. GEORGE AUGUSTINE WASHINGTON TO TOBIAS LEAR]. Mount Vernon. April 1, 1792. [3]pp. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Old fold lines. Paper loss from wax seal, affecting closing signature. Minor soiling. Very good.

Major George Augustine Washington, nephew of President George Washington and caretaker of Mount Vernon, writes to his friend, Tobias Lear. Lear, who served as George Washington’s personal secretary from 1786 to 1793 and 1798 to 1799, was very close to the General and his family. He would serve as executor of Washington’s estate when he died, and is reputed to have destroyed some of Washington’s personal papers in an effort to preserve the flawless and idealistic facade of the Founding Father. Washington’s letter to Lear expresses regret at his laxity in correspondence and prolonged silence. He writes:

I, however, flatter myself that you will from the regard I am confident you have for me not suffer it to diminish your friendship for me, mine for you I can truly say is as strong as ever. The business I have to attend to leaves me so little leisure that I am frequently obliged to neglect writing my friends and tho’ it is the greatest sacrifice, I often omit my best friends, because I am persuaded they will most readily pardon it.

He expresses a wish to visit with Lear again in the near future, but laments that likely that will not be the case, as each of them is very busy. He also writes briefly of his illness (he had tuberculosis) describing his trouble to Lear. He then asks if Lear will purchase a riding coat for him:

I am yet an invalid, tho’ not so much so as I have been. I have frequently a spasm in my head and breast, the former is sometimes very excruciating. I have had in the course of the last fortnight two or three attacks of it, but I still flatter myself that I shall recover or at least get the better of my complaints.... The inclosed bill of 27/3 I discharged for Maj. Jackson in Alexandria, which I believe escaped his recollection and I told him I would do it for him. I will thank you to present it to him with my respects. I am wanting something light for a summer riding coat, deep blue I prefer, I however leave it to your choice, but will only observe that it is intended for an every day riding coat and would not wish an expensive things as the weather may soon be expected to be warm; wish it as soon as convenient. Fanny writes in sincerest good wishes for yourself, Mrs. Lear and Master Benjamin.

George A. Washington died just a few months later, in February 1793. Tobias Lear, whose wife died in July 1793, married Washington’s widow, Frances Bassett Washington, in 1795 (his first of two marriages to one of George Washington’s nieces) furthering his close connection to that family. $1250.

150. Wayne, Anthony: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM GENERAL ANTHONY WAYNE TO LEWIS COHN, INSTRUCT- ING HIM TO CONTINUE SUPPLYING THE CONTINENTAL ARMY IN GEORGIA WITH RICE & BEEF, TO BE SENT BY WATER TO SAVANNAH]. Savannah [Ga.]. Aug. 9, 1782. [1]p. autograph letter, signed, on a folded folio sheet. Docketed on the fourth page. Old fold. Slight wear in upper edge (not affecting text). Near fine.

A brief letter from noted commander Anthony Wayne in Georgia in 1782, instruct- ing purveyor Lewis Cohn to continue supplying rice and beef to the Continental Army in Georgia. Wayne directs Cohn to send the foodstuffs to Savannah by water, noting that the water route “will be a great saving in land carriage.” The British took Savannah after a battle in late December, 1778, a key early victory in the “Southern Strategy” of Sir Henry Clinton. The British held the city for nearly three years, until July 1782, when they withdrew. Anthony Wayne (1745-96) was an officer in the Continental Army who rose to the rank of Major General by the end of the war; his fiery temper and skill in battle earned him the sobriquet “Mad Anthony.” Wayne was one of Washington’s key commanders and a colorful and forceful leader. After participating in the victory at Yorktown, Anthony Wayne went south, working to sever the British alliances with Indian tribes. In the postwar years Wayne served as a politician, most notably as a delegate to the Pennsylvania convention that ratified the federal Constitution, before being appointed by President Washington to head the army on the frontier of the Northwest Territory in 1791. Over the next two years Wayne created a tough, lean fighting force, leading his troops to victory over the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in August 1794. He proceeded to establish numerous fortified outposts in the Territory, dictating the Treaty of Greenville to his vanquished native foes in August 1795. That treaty would bring a lasting peace to the Ohio frontier, allowing for further unmitigated westward expansion by the United States. Wayne writes: “Sir You are to continue to supply the troops in Georgia with rice & beef at the rate of about five thousand rations a week. The rice may now with safety be conveyed by water to Savannah with will be a great saving in land carriage. I shall rely upon your care punctuality & correctness in this essential business.” A good letter from early in the career of Anthony Wayne, written from Savan- nah in the wake of the British evacuation of the city. $2000.

Lawrence Washington’s Copy

151. Weems, Mason L., and P. Horry: THE LIFE OF GEN. FRANCIS MARION, A CELEBRATED PARTIZAN OFFICER, IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR, AGAINST THE BRITISH AND TO- RIES, IN SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA. Baltimore: Pub- lished by the Rev. M.L. Weems. J. Hagerty, Printer, 1815. 257pp. 12mo. Con- temporary calf, neatly rebacked, retaining original gilt spine and leather label. Ownership inscription of Lawrence Washington on front flyleaf and in text. Small wormhole through center of text block. Light to moderate foxing and tanning. About good.

“Third edition improved.” “General Horry furnished the facts, Parson Weems the rhetoric; so much of it that Horry became indignant and disclaimed all connection with the book. Unabashed, Weems continued its publication through many editions” – Howes. Marion was a hero of the Revolution, and it was largely due to his actions and strategy that the turning point came in the South. Horry was his most trusted officer; his biography of Marion helped to establish the general as the legendary “Swamp Fox.” Sabin does not note this edition. With the ownership inscription of Lawrence Washington, nephew of the first President. HOWES H650. $3000. 152. Willett, Marinus. [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED TWICE, FROM MARINUS WILLETT, RELAYING THE EVENTS SUR- ROUNDING PROMISED PAYMENT OF BLANKETS TO THE ONEIDA INDIANS IN 1781]. [N.p.] Jan. 26, 1792. [1]p. on folio sheet. Several folds, top and left edges trimmed close with partial loss of a few letters. Very good.

Marinus Willett (1740-1830) served in the French and Indian War as well as the American Revolution. After several ups and downs in his commission and assign- ments, Willett found himself as a colonel in command of the New York militia tasked with the defense of the Mohawk Valley. After the Revolution, Willett served in the New York State Assembly, as Sheriff of New York County (twice), American emissary to the Creek Indians (resulting in the Treaty of New York), and later as Mayor of New York City. It was during his second stint as Sheriff of New York County that this particular letter was written. In the letter, Willett relates the circumstances around which he promised blankets to a party of Oneida Indians in October of 1781, during the latter days of the Revolutionary conflict, and likely during the Battle of Johnstown. The letter reads, in full:

I do hereby certify that on a pursuit of the enemy in the County of Montgomery the latter end of October in the year 1781. In order to stimulate a party of the Oneida Indians then with me, I promised in case of exerting themselves to overtake the enemy who were put to flight that they should each of them have a blanket – That in consequence of this promise they began a vigorous pursuit and in a short time overtook and killed a number of the enemy – That at my return it was not in my power to comply with the promise I had made in behalf of the public. Nor have I since been able to have that engagement complied with. New York January 26th, 1792. M. Willett. Note there were sixty Indians in the party. M. Willett.

A lengthy and interesting recounting of an incident involving Willett’s Revolutionary command and Native Americans in New York, signed twice by the Revolutionary leader. $1500.

United States Agent to the Creeks, 1790

153. Willett, Marinus: A NARRATIVE OF THE MILITARY ACTIONS OF COLONEL MARINUS WILLETT, TAKEN CHIEFLY FROM HIS OWN MANUSCRIPT. New York. 1831. 162pp. Antique-style three- quarter calf and marbled boards. Lightly foxed throughout. Very good.

An important work, both for the author’s part in the Revolutionary War and his mission to the Creek Indians in 1790 on behalf of President Washington. Wil- lett served as a young man in the French and Indian War, at the battle of Crown Point, and played an active role in the Revolution. He accompanied Montgomery to Quebec, served on the New York frontier in 1777, fought at Monmouth, and played a major role in the Mohawk campaigns of 1781 and 1782. In 1790, Wash- ington appointed Willett to act as agent for the United States in treating with the Creeks. Willett sailed to Charleston and departed for Georgia on horseback. His daily diary of that expedition and conferences with the Creeks is printed in full in the present volume. The negotiations resulted in one of the first Indian treaties concluded by the United States. The text was edited by Willett’s son. HOWES W438. FIELD 1659. $1250.

The Man Who Wrote the Constitution: A Primary Work of American Political Thought

154. [Wilson, James]: CONSIDERATIONS ON THE NATURE AND THE EXTENT OF THE LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY OF THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT. Philadelphia: Printed and Sold, by William and Thomas Bradford..., 1774. iv,35pp. Modern three-quarter calf and contemporary marbled boards. Light foxing and toning. Very good.

James Wilson was destined to become one of the most important figures in early Federal politics, most notably for his leading role in drafting the Consti- tution and working toward its passage, ultimately becoming a signer of the Declaration of Independence. “Born in Scotland, Wilson emigrated to Pennsyl- vania in 1765 in the midst of the Stamp Act disturbances. He became the head of a committee of correspondence at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was a delegate to the First Continental Congress in 1774. Upon arriving at the Congress he distributed this pamphlet, which concluded that Parliament had no authority over the colonies in any instance. Only a few had taken such an advanced position even by 1774, but Wilson had come to this conclusion four years before he published this essay” – Wellsprings of a Nation. Many historians have ranked Wilson’s pamphlet with John Adams’ Thoughts on Government in influence and significance. A fundamentally important statement of Revolutionary political philosophy. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 149. WELLSPRINGS OF NATION 122. EVANS 13775. NAIP w020076. HILDEBURN 3137. HOWES W526, “aa.” SABIN 104629. $42,500.

155. Wynne, John Huddleston: A GENERAL HISTORY OF THE BRIT- ISH EMPIRE IN AMERICA: CONTAINING AN HISTORICAL, POLITICAL, AND COMMERCIAL VIEW OF THE ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS; INCLUDING ALL THE COUNTRIES IN NORTH-AMERICA, AND THE WEST-INDIES, CEDED BY THE PEACE OF PARIS. London. 1770. Two volumes. [2],vi,[iii]-viii,520; [2],vi,546pp., plus folding map. Contemporary calf, spine gilt, leather label. Hinges rubbed but sound, some light wear to spines. Contemporary bookplate of Sir Edward Blackett on front pastedowns. Map backed with linen. Minor scattered foxing, but generally clean and fresh internally. Very good.

Second state of the first edition of this work, originally issued under a slightly different title in 1769. That work, which drops the word “General” from the title, indicated that it would be published in three volumes, though only the first volume appeared in 1769, and in the end it consisted of only the two volumes, as in the present copy. “A survey of the general history and development of the North American colonies, with an interesting discussion of the state of the colonies, especially with regard to agriculture and foreign trade” – Bell catalogue. The first volume includes an account of the French and Indian War. A few copies of this work were issued with additional plans and maps, while some copies seem to have been issued without any illustrations at all; we have once before handled a set with the map, as here. This set has the bookplate of Sir Edward Blackett, who was a member of Parlia- ment from Northumberland at the time the book was published. HOWES W726, “aa.” AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-33b. BEINECKE LESSER ANTILLES COLLECTION 280. RAGATZ 180. SABIN 105682A. CLARK I:329. BELL W210. GEPHART 3029. SERVIES 489. ESTC T145445. $1750. Frequently Cited References

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