Naval Documents of the American Revolution, Volume 1, Part 8
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Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 1 AMERICAN THEATRE: Dec. 1, 1774–Sept. 2, 1775 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Dec. 6, 1774–Aug. 9, 1775 Part 8 of 8 United States Government Printing Office Washington, 1964 Electronically published by American Naval Records Society Bolton Landing, New York 2012 AS A WORK OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THIS PUBLICATION IS IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. EUROPEAN THEATRE From June 29, 1775, to Aug. 9, 1775 EUROPEAN THEATRE From June 29, 1775, to August 9, 1775 SUMMARY Even the news of Lexington had not aroused George I11 or his Ministers to the seriousness of the revolt in the American colonies. Were not three major generals and three more regiments of infantry already on the high seas to rein- force Thomas Gage's force? And had not the Admiralty been ordered to aug- ment Samuel Graves's squadron by such a number of frigates as would suffice to secure obedience to the Restrictive Acts recently enacted, and prevent succour from the southern colonies reaching New England? Hhere seemed little doubt in the British mind that with "One tolerable Drubbing," rebel resistance would collapse. Warnings from Whig leaders that conquest would not be so simple, and that possible loss of the American colonies would leave the Empire an easy prey to revengeful France, were discounted as political clap-trap. France was in no position to capitalize upon the American troubles, and her partner, Spain, engrossed in the Mediterranean, could be discounted entirely. So thought the Ministry. As far as concerned Spain, this conclusion was justified. Charles I11 had spared no pains to let the world know that he was preparing to annihilate the Barbary pirates. At Alicante by mid-June he had gathered an imposing armada - fifty-one fighting ships, including six ships of the line - and three hundred and forty-four transports to convey thirty thousand men to the conquest of Algiers. This great force would sail before the month of June was ended. Not so with France! In April, 1775, with the approval of the French Court, a keen observer had spent three weeks in London studying the Ameri- can situation. He was Caron de Beaumarchais, courtier, composer and adven- turer, who, upon his return to Paris informed Louis XVI that "I am in a position to give the soundest information on the action of the English Govern- ment regarding the English colonies and the effects of the upheave1 in the Colonies on England; on what must be the consequences of one and the other; on the supreme importance of these events to French interests; on what we have to hope or fear for our sugar islands; on what can give us peace or bring about war." That information was imparted to M. de Vergennes, who sent Beaumarchais back to London with the injunction to continue his observations and report again in July. 1304 EUROPEAN THEATRE 29 June "ABSTRACTOF THE MOST MATERIAL PROCEEDINGSIN THIS [BRITISHADMIRALTY] DEPARTMENTRELATIVE TO NORTHAMERICA" [I 7751 The Kings pleasure was signified by Lord Dartmouth for 2. Vessels 29th [June] - to be taken up to carry Arms, Cloathing and Military-Stores to Virginia and Quebec, And Orders were given next day accord- ingly. N. B. In consequence of the above the Maria storeship was taken up for Virginia, & the Jacob for Quebec, the first of which went out under the Convoy of the Liverpool, and the other under that of the Lizard. The Elizabeth Storeship was afterwards taken up to carry such of the Arms &c. as the lacob could not receive, and sailed without Convoy; soon after which 3 of the Ships going to Boston were order'd if they fell in with her to see her safely into the River St Lawrence. 1. Germain Papers, CL. Sir, Whitehall, 29 June 1775 I am directed by Lord Dartmouth to desire you will acquaint me for his Lordship's information, what steps have been taken for augmenting the Squadron under the command of Vice Admiral [Samuel] Graves, pursuant to His Majesty's Pleasure signified to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty in Lord Dart- mouth's Letter of the 17th Instant. I am &ca J. Pownall 1. PRO, Colonial Office, Class 5/12 1, LC Transcript. Sr Admiralty Office 29th June 1775 In return to your Letter of this date, desiring to be acquainted, for the Earl of Dartmouth's information, what Steps have been taken for augmenting the Squadron under the Command of Vice Adml Graves, pursuant to his Majesty's Pleasure signified to my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty in Lord Dart- mouth's Letter of the 17th Instant, I am to acquaint you, that their Lordships gave immediate directions for fitting out, with the utmost expedition, the five Frigats mentioned on the other side in order to be sent out to Boston as soon as possibly may be. I am Sir [&c.] Php. Stephens JUNE 1775 [Verso] Guns Milford 28 at Chatham Solebay 28 at Plymouth Lizard 28 at Portsmouth Actaeon 2 8 at Woolwich I. PRO, Colonial Office, Class 5/12 1, LC Transcript. 2. Although Stephens's letter says five frigates, only four are listed My Dear Lord Plymouth June 29, 1775 Not having heard, or imagining that there will be any alteration in the meas- ures relative to North America, I have written a letter to Mr [Philip] Stephens which I have desired him to communicate to your Lordship, directing some far- ther reinforcements which are pointed out by Admiral [Samuel] Graves as Neces- sary; and which if approved by your Lordship & the rest of His Majesty's confidential Servants, should be immediately carried into execution in my opinion. I have the honour to be [&c.] Sandwich [Endorsed] Plymouth June 29, 1775 Ld Sandwich/R/ June 30th 1775 1. PRO, Colonial Office, Class 5/ 12 1, LC Transcript. Hessom arrived here this Morng and I now redispatch him with Answers to such Parts of the Letters you have sent me, as require Measures to be immediately taken upon them. Sir H[ugh] Palliser & I are of Opinion that in consequence of Adml [Samuel] Graves's Wish to have more Boats, the Navy Board should be directed to supply each Ship for America with a Cutter on [or] Yawl above the Established Number; and to send 20 Cutters by the first Transports that go to America, to be delivered to the Storekeeper at Boston, to be disposed of as Adml Graves shall direct. Also to prepare an additional Assortment of Stores to be immedi- ately sent to Halifax, suitable to the Ships employed in America. Admiral Graves should be told that his Idea of putting additional Marines into the Schooners & Small Vessels, is in our Opinion very proper; but as that we have none to spare as yet from hence, he must lend them from the Com- pliments of the Ships now with him, and he may depend upon it, that all the Ships that are coming out to him shall bring as many supernumerary Marines as we can possibly get; but he should at the same time be told, that he must not break into the Marine Battallions on Shore. As Adml Graves mentions his Wish to have some 50 Gunships, and gives very substantial Reasons in my Opinion for such a Requisition; which it is 1306 EUROPEAN THEATRE hoped would enable .him to send home the three Guard ships, which should not be withdrawn from the defence of this Country but in a Case of Necessity; we think it advisable that the Experiment a small 50 Gunship, & the Phoenix & Roebuck of 44 Guns (which will answer the same purpose) be immediately commissioned; but upon this point you will ask Lord Dartmouth, to whom I have now written, & to whom you will communicate everything in this Letter that relates to America, whether he approves of this additional Reinforcement, before you lay the Commissions before the Admiralty, and send the proper Orders to the Navy Board. -[Endorsed] Ext. of Letter from/ Lord Sandwich to/ Mr Stephens, dated/ Plymouth 20th June 17751 In Mr Stephens's Letter/ to J. P. of 1st July 1775. 1. PRO, Colonial Office, class 5/12 1, LC Transcript. 2. Graves's requests were contained in his letters to the Admiralty of May 18-19, 1775. 1 July KING GEORGEI11 TO LORDSANDWICH [Extract] Kew, 1st July 1775. Lord Sandwich - Your letter accompanying those received from Major Pitcairn is just arrived : that officer's conduct seems highly praiseworthy. I am of his opinion that when once those rebels have felt a smart blow, they will submit; and no situation can ever change my fixed resolution, either to bring the colonies to a due obedience to the legislature of the mother country or to cast them off! The admiral's dispatches convince me that 50-gun ships would be more fit for that service than the larger ones: I have therefore proposed that the three guardships should be recalled, and the fleet in America strengthened by fitting out six ships of fifty guns. I have observed to Lord North that this equipment will require the raising all the men necessary to man those ships, for that you cannot from any of the ships in commission furnish a single man. 1. Barnes and Owen, eds., Sandwich Papers, I, 63. [Extract] Whitehall 1st July 1775 (No 21) On the 10th of last Month in the Morning, Lieut Nunn arrived at my Office with your dispatch containing an Account of the Transaction on the 19th of April, of which the public had before received Intelligence by a Schooner, to all Appearance, sent by the Enemies of Govt on purpose to make an Impres- sion here, by representing the Affair between the King's Troops & the Rebel Provincials in a light the most favorable to their own Views.