DOCSLIB.ORG

George Washington: Progenitor of American Public Administration Theory Scott A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
George Washington: Progenitor of American Public Administration Theory Scott A Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2012 George Washington: Progenitor of American Public Administration Theory Scott A. (Scott Alan) Cook Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC POLICY GEORGE WASHINGTON: PROGENITOR OF AMERICAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION THEORY By SCOTT A. COOK A Dissertation submitted to the Reubin O’D. Askew School of Public Administration and Policy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2012 Scott A. Cook defended this dissertation on June 22, 2012. The members of the supervisory committee were: William Earle Klay Professor Directing Dissertation Deana Rohlinger University Representative Ralph Brower Committee Member Lance deHaven-Smith Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii I dedicate this to my wife Thanks for doing everything else so that I could do this iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am forever grateful to my committee chair, Earle Klay. His intellectual guidance, humble mentorship, and unselfish patience made this dissertation process an enjoyable success. I am also thankful to my committee members, Deana Rohlinger, Ralph Brower, and Lance deHaven-Smith. Their insightful comments and feedback enhanced the quality of this research project beyond my natural abilities. Each member provided inspiration that became tangible parts of my dissertation. I also acknowledge the contributions of my friends and colleagues at the Air Command and Staff College. Without their help, advice, and assistance, I would have never started this journey. I am particularly indebted to Edwina, Lewis, Morgan, and Brian. And finally, no achievement can truly be enjoyed without having special people to share it. My family’s encouragement has always given me the confidence to boldly face all challenges. My parents, brothers, wife, and children have all been sources of motivation and support. This accomplishment is as much theirs as it is mine. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii Abstract ............................................................................................................................................x 1. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................14 3. RESEARCH METHOD ....................................................................................................31 4. MILITARY ADMINISTRATION ...................................................................................43 5. IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION ..................................................................................62 6. PROGRESSIVISM ...........................................................................................................80 7. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT .......................................................................................96 8. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS ..........................113 9. CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................131 APPENDIX A. CODES, CATEGORIES, CONCEPTS, CHAPTERS ............................145 APPENDIX B. LESSON OF THE NEWBURGH CONSPIRACY ................................151 APPENDIX C. CIPHER ..................................................................................................152 APPENDIX D. VARICK’S TRANSCRIPTION OF LETTER FROM GEORGE WASHINGTON TO TIMOTHY PICKERING .........................................................................156 APPENDIX E. SELECTIONS FROM WASHINGTON’S SCHOOL BOOK ...............158 APPENDIX F. EXAMPLES FROM WASHINGTON’S LEDGER BOOK ..................169 APPENDIX G. EXAMPLES FROM WASHINGTON’S EXPENSE ACCOUNT ........172 APPENDIX H. LETTER FROM HENRY KNOX TO GEORGE WASHINGTON ......175 v APPENDIX I. TRANSCRIPTION OF LETTER FROM GEORGE WASHINGTON TO RICHARD CONWAY ................................................................................................................177 APPENDIX J. WASHINGTON’S ESTIMATE OF ARMY OVERHEAD COSTS .....178 APPENDIX K. FITZPATRICK’S TRANSCRIPTION OF LETTER FROM GEORGE WASHINGTON TO THOMAS JOHNSON ..............................................................................179 APPENDIX L. EVALUATION OF WASHINGTON’S CONTRIBUTIONS ................182 APPENDIX M. NOTES ....................................................................................................183 APPENDIX N. AIR FORCE PUBLIC AFFAIRS DISCLAIMER ..................................204 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................205 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .....................................................................................................222 vi LIST OF TABLES A.1 Codes, Categories, and Concepts from Chapter Four: Military Administration .............145 A.2 Codes, Categories, and Concepts from Chapter Five: Importance of Education ............146 A.3 Codes, Categories, and Concepts from Chapter Six: Progressivism ...............................148 A.4 Codes, Categories, and Concepts from Chapter Seven: Financial Management .............149 A.5 Codes, Categories, and Concepts from Chapter Eight: Relationship between Public and Private Sectors ............................................................................................................................150 L.1 Evaluation of Washington’s Contributions to the Concepts Discussed in Chapters Four through Eight ...............................................................................................................................182 vii LIST OF FIGURES B.1 Paragraph 1-14 of Army Manual FM-1 (June 2005) .......................................................151 C.1 Cipher Used to Encode Messages (Page 1) .....................................................................152 C.2 Cipher Used to Encode Messages (Page 2) .....................................................................153 C.3 Cipher Used to Encode Messages (Page 3) .....................................................................154 C.4 Cipher Used to Decode Messages ...................................................................................155 D.1 Letter Reflecting Similarities in the Philosophies of George Washington and Frederick Taylor ...........................................................................................................................................156 E.1 Page from Washington’s Copy Book Explaining Simple Interest...................................158 E.2 Exercises for Calculating Simple Interest ........................................................................159 E.3 More Information on Calculating Simple Interest ..........................................................160 E.4 Information on Calculating Compound Interest ..............................................................161 E.5 More Information on Calculating Compound Interest .....................................................162 E.6 Table for Calculating Compound Interest........................................................................163 E.7 Page Explaining How to Use the Interest Table ..............................................................164 E.8 Example Explaining How to Calculate Compound Interest ............................................165 E.9 Compound Interest Exercises .........................................................................................166 E.10 Example Showing How to Convert Currency ................................................................167 E.11 Example Showing How to Calculate Profit .....................................................................168 F.1 Ledger Pages Showing How Washington Separated His Financial Accounts ................169 F.2 Ledger Pages Showing Washington’s Attention to Detail ..............................................170 F.3 Ledger Pages for Tobacco and the State of Virginia .......................................................171 G.1 Expense Account Showing Entry for Barber ...................................................................172 viii G.2 Expense Account Showing Entries for Horse and Carriage ............................................173 G.3 Expense Account Showing Entry for Secret Intelligence ................................................174 H.1 Estimate of Expenses for Negotiating with Southern Indians (Page 1) ..........................175 H.2 Estimate of Expenses for Negotiating with Southern Indians (Page 2) ...........................176 I.1 Letter Showing Washington’s Anguish Over Debt .........................................................177 J.1 Washington’s Estimate to Congress, December 1775 .....................................................178 K.1 Letter Showing Washington’s Initial
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Course Syllabus; History 1301: ZC1--U.S. History to 1877 Fall 2020
    Course Syllabus; History 1301: ZC1--U.S. History to 1877 Fall 2020/ Dr. Mark Saad Saka//Sul Ross State University Office Hours: Lawrence Hall 208B/ 432-837-8304; [email protected] M, W, F 10:00-10:45/1:00-1:45/////T, Th 1:15-2:00; Office Hours can also be made with an appointment. Course Objectives The objective of this course is to introduce you to the sweeping epic of American history from the colonial era through the American Civil War and Reconstruction, U.S. History to 1877. Course Readings www.americanyawp.com This is a free online textbook Course Requirements There are a number of requirements for this course. 1. Although this is a zoom course, regular attendance is still expected. This course is based on both lectures and the textbook readings; and without regular attendance and taking notes, successful completion of this course will be difficult. 2. You will be required to turn in regular weekly written assignments (through Blackboard). The written assignments are due on the Sunday evening after the week of lectures and readings by 12:00 p.m. The written assignments cover the chapter readings (secondary source), the lectures, and also the documents assigned which can be found at the end of each chapter (primary source) Course Grading: There will be two written assignments per week for a total of 28 (14 weekly writing assignments), based on the lectures, chapters and questions found at the end of each chapter of your online textbook www.americanyawp.com. The writing assignments are due through blackboard and the assignment dates are found in the syllabus as well as blackboard.
    [Show full text]
  • Hogarth in British North America
    PRESENCE IN PRINT: WILLIAM HOGARTH IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA by Colleen M. Terry A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Art History Summer 2014 © 2014 Colleen Terry All Rights Reserved UMI Number: 3642363 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI 3642363 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 PRESENCE IN PRINT: WILLIAM HOGARTH IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA by Colleen M. Terry Approved: ___________________________________________________________ Lawrence Nees, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of Art History Approved: ___________________________________________________________ George H. Watson, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences Approved: ___________________________________________________________ James G. Richards, Ph.D. Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: ___________________________________________________________ Bernard L. Herman, Ph.D. Professor in charge of dissertation I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
    [Show full text]
  • A Note on the Incest Taboo: the Case of the Matrilineal Khasis
    IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 22, Issue 5, Ver. I (May 2017) PP 41-46 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org A Note on the Incest Taboo: The Case of the Matrilineal Khasis Davina Diengdoh Ropmay (Research Scholar, Department of Sociology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India) Abstract : Incest Taboo serves as one important aspect under kinship studies. Understanding the rules prohibiting intimate and sexual relations with certain kin throws light on how other facets of a social organisation operate such as marriage, clan organisation and kinship terminology. The existence of the Incest Taboo among the Khasi, a major matrilineal tribal group of Meghalaya, provides us a picture on how such facets are determined. Therefore, this article attempts to describe the bounds of the incest taboo among the Khasis and the serious implication it has towards the maintenance and perpetuation of the society as a whole Keywords: Incest, Exogamy, Incest Taboo, Marriage, Khasi. I. INTRODUCTION The study of Kinship has been a much researched area in sociological and social anthropological studies. It simply seeks to understand on one hand, in what way a person is related to another, and on the other hand, in what way do these people exhibit behaviour with each other as per their relationship. Radcliffe-Brown rightly puts it “A kinship system thus presents to us a complex set of norms, of usages, of patterns of behaviour between kindred” (Radcliffe-Brown 1950: 10). Behaviour patterns which stem out of the social relations between people, customs, norms and usages are important for the functioning of the social machinery.
    [Show full text]
  • American Political Development Political Science 4105 Fall 2014 Baldwin 301 TTR 8:00-9:15Am
    American Political Development Political Science 4105 Fall 2014 Baldwin 301 TTR 8:00-9:15am Instructor: Anthony Madonna Office: 407 Baldwin Hall Email: [email protected] Hours: TTR 11:00-12:00pm Website: spia.uga.edu/facultypages/ajmadonn/ Phone: (314) 313-9937 Course Description: The primary goal of this course is to familiarize the student with American political history and development. The class will focus on the development of American political issues and institutions from the late 18th century through the 19th century. Throughout the semester, we will focus on topics including: the failure of the Articles of Confederation, the Constitutional Convention, the creation of American political parties, slavery, the Civil War and the development of House and Senate rules. Particular attention will be given to how these events influence policy-making in contemporary American politics. Books and Readings: The following books are required and can be purchased from amazon.com and at the Campus Bookstore: Ellis, Joseph. 2001. Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. Ellis, Joseph. 2007. American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. Holt, Michael F. 2004. The Fate of Their Country. New York, NY: Hill and Wang. Students will not only be expected to have done the reading assignments, but should also be aware of relevant news stories. As such, I recommend reading a daily newspaper { such as the New York Times and/or the Washington Post { or at least checking cnn.com. Other political blogs that students may find useful include FiveThirtyEight, Political Wire, The Monkey Cage, The Upshot, Vox and the Drudge Report.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Mail Classification and Its Underlying Policies and Purposes
    A HISTORY OF MAIL CLASSIFICATION AND ITS UNDERLYING POLICIES AND PURPOSES Richard B. Kielbowicz AssociateProfessor School of Commuoications, Ds-40 University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 (206) 543-2660 &pared For the Postal Rate Commission’s Mail ReclassificationProceeding, MC95-1. July 17. 1995 -- /- CONTENTS 1. Introduction . ._. ._.__. _. _, __. _. 1 2. Rate Classesin Colonial America and the Early Republic (1690-1840) ............................................... 5 The Colonial Mail ................................................................... 5 The First Postal Services .................................................... 5 Newspapers’ Mail Status .................................................... 7 Postal Policy Under the Articles of Confederation .............................. 8 Postal Policy and Practice in the Early Republic ................................ 9 Letters and Packets .......................................................... 10 Policy Toward Newspapers ................................................ 11 Recognizing Magazines .................................................... 12 Books in the Mail ........................................................... 17 3. Toward a Classitication Scheme(1840-1870) .................................. 19 Postal Reform Act of 1845 ........................................................ 19 Letters and the First Class, l&IO-l&?70 .............................. ............ 19 Periodicals and the Second Class ................................................ 21 Business
    [Show full text]
  • May 1975 Vol. XXII, No. 2
    Masonic Culture Workshops Scheduled In Four Areas The PENNSYLVANIA To Assist Lodge Officers The Grand Lodge Committee on Ma­ sonic Culture has divided the Jurisdic­ FREE1VIASON tion into four areas, one more than was previously announced. AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE RIGHT WORSHIPFUL GRAND LODGE OF Masonic Culture Seminars are being FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS OF PENNSYLVANIA conducted in these areas to assist Lodge Officers to prepare interesting Lodge meetings. The agenda for the Seminars covers VOLUME XXII MAY • 1975 NUMBER 2 introduction materials and services pro­ vided by the Grand Lodge Committee "Rededication Month" on Masonic Culture. 197 6 Lodge Programs A " Packet" of informative papers, pamphlets and other helpful guides is Are Being Distributed Five members of the Rodd family, all Officers of Chartiers Lodge No. 297, Canonsburg, are being distributed to those attending the Grand Master Calls Craft to Labor shown with Bro. Eugene G. Painter, District Deputy Grand Master for the 29th Masonic District. Front row, left to right: Bro. Robert C. Rodd, Senior Deacon; Bro. Painter, and Bro. Seminars. October has been designated " Re­ John T. Rodd, Worshipful Master. Rear row, left to right: Bro. John R. Rodd, Past Master The four Area Chairmen, Members of dedication to Freemasonry" Month by By District Deputies and Secretary; Bro. Howard J. Orr, Past Master and Secretary Emeritus and cousin of Bro. the Grand Lodge Committee on Masonic John R. Rodd; and Bro. Robert C. Rodd II, Junior Warden. Bro. John R. Rodd is the father the Grand Master. of the three Rodds. Culture, are responsible for the follow­ In making the announcement, Bro.
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas Jefferson and the Ideology of Democratic Schooling
    Thomas Jefferson and the Ideology of Democratic Schooling James Carpenter (Binghamton University) Abstract I challenge the traditional argument that Jefferson’s educational plans for Virginia were built on mod- ern democratic understandings. While containing some democratic features, especially for the founding decades, Jefferson’s concern was narrowly political, designed to ensure the survival of the new republic. The significance of this piece is to add to the more accurate portrayal of Jefferson’s impact on American institutions. Submit your own response to this article Submit online at democracyeducationjournal.org/home Read responses to this article online http://democracyeducationjournal.org/home/vol21/iss2/5 ew historical figures have undergone as much advocate of public education in the early United States” (p. 280). scrutiny in the last two decades as has Thomas Heslep (1969) has suggested that Jefferson provided “a general Jefferson. His relationship with Sally Hemings, his statement on education in republican, or democratic society” views on Native Americans, his expansionist ideology and his (p. 113), without distinguishing between the two. Others have opted suppressionF of individual liberties are just some of the areas of specifically to connect his ideas to being democratic. Williams Jefferson’s life and thinking that historians and others have reexam- (1967) argued that Jefferson’s impact on our schools is pronounced ined (Finkelman, 1995; Gordon- Reed, 1997; Kaplan, 1998). because “democracy and education are interdependent” and But his views on education have been unchallenged. While his therefore with “education being necessary to its [democracy’s] reputation as a founding father of the American republic has been success, a successful democracy must provide it” (p.
    [Show full text]
  • Philadelphia and the Southern Elite: Class, Kinship, and Culture in Antebellum America
    PHILADELPHIA AND THE SOUTHERN ELITE: CLASS, KINSHIP, AND CULTURE IN ANTEBELLUM AMERICA BY DANIEL KILBRIDE A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1997 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In seeing this dissertation to completion I have accumulated a host of debts and obligation it is now my privilege to acknowledge. In Philadelphia I must thank the staff of the American Philosophical Society library for patiently walking out box after box of Society archives and miscellaneous manuscripts. In particular I must thank Beth Carroll- Horrocks and Rita Dockery in the manuscript room. Roy Goodman in the Library’s reference room provided invaluable assistance in tracking down secondary material and biographical information. Roy is also a matchless authority on college football nicknames. From the Society’s historian, Whitfield Bell, Jr., I received encouragement, suggestions, and great leads. At the Library Company of Philadelphia, Jim Green and Phil Lapansky deserve special thanks for the suggestions and support. Most of the research for this study took place in southern archives where the region’s traditions of hospitality still live on. The staff of the Mississippi Department of Archives and History provided cheerful assistance in my first stages of manuscript research. The staffs of the Filson Club Historical Library in Louisville and the Special Collections room at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond were also accommodating. Special thanks go out to the men and women at the three repositories at which the bulk of my research was conducted: the Special Collections Library at Duke University, the Southern Historical Collection of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and the Virginia Historical Society.
    [Show full text]
  • Board of Registration in Medicine
    PUBLIC DOCUMENT . No. 56. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ¡ova, Board of Registration in Medicine. J a n u a r y , 1903. BOSTON : WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS, 18 P ost Offic e Square. 1903. APPBÎ>VjM> BY BÓARft’ Of/ P iTb t rt\iT j&n (ÌGmmnntomllf} of litas saxjjtisitls B o a r d o f R egistration in M e d ic in e , S t a t e H o u s e , D ec. 31, 1902. To His Excellency W. M u r r a y C r a n e , Governor. Sir : — The number of persons applying for registration this year is 390, all of whom except 6 have been examined. The number of applicants on the rejected lists of this and previous years who have been re-examined this year is 96, a small per­ centage of whom have been registered. The whole number of individual examinations given during the year is 480. The result of the several examinations is shown in tabular form, as follows : — Examined. Registered. Rejected. P ercentage rejected. March examination,.............................................. 96 54 42 44 May e x a m i n a t i o n , ............................................... 52 35 17 32 Ju ly exam ination...................................................... 178 133 45 25 September exam ination,..................................... 75 50 25 32 November exam ination,..................................... 79 49 30 38 T o ta ls ,................................................................. 480 321 159 33 In the following tabulated statement a few applicants who failed in their original examination this year, but who were successful in a re-examination, are included : — Y ear of N um ber N um ber Graduation of Name of Institution.
    [Show full text]
  • Servants' Passage
    SERVANTS’ PASSAGE: Cultural identity in the architecture of service in British and American country houses 1740-1890 2 Volumes Volume 1 of 2 Aimée L Keithan PhD University of York Archaeology March 2020 Abstract Country house domestic service is a ubiquitous phenomenon in eighteenth and nineteenth century Britain and America. Whilst shared architectural and social traditions between the two countries are widely accepted, distinctive cultural identity in servant architecture remains unexplored. This thesis proposes that previously unacknowledged cultural differences between British and American domestic service can be used to rewrite narratives and re-evaluate the significance of servant spaces. It uses the service architecture itself as primary source material, relying on buildings archaeology methodologies to read the physical structures in order to determine phasing. Archival sources are mined for evidence of individuals and household structure, which is then mapped onto the architecture, putting people into their spaces over time. Spatial analysis techniques are employed to reveal a more complex service story, in both British and American houses and within Anglo-American relations. Diverse spatial relationships, building types and circulation channels highlight formerly unrecognised service system variances stemming from unique cultural experiences in areas like race, gender and class. Acknowledging the more nuanced relationship between British and American domestic service restores the cultural identity of country house servants whose lives were not only shaped by, but who themselves helped shape the architecture they inhabited. Additionally, challenging accepted narratives by re-evaluating domestic service stories provides a solid foundation for a more inclusive country house heritage in both nations. This provides new factors on which to value modern use of servant spaces in historic house museums, expanding understanding of their relevance to modern society.
    [Show full text]
  • V 52, #1 Fall 2015
    THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI NONPROFIT ORG. U.S. POSTAGE Cincinnati fourteen 2118 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. P A I D fourteen Cincinnati Washington, DC 20008-3640 WASHINGTON, DC PERMIT NO. 8805 Volume 52, Volume No.1 Fall 2015 Fall 2015 Members and guests of the New Hunter Lowell Davis, son of Pennsylvania Society member Brad Jersey and Pennsylvania societies Davis and grandson of former president Lowell Davis, was admitted convened on April 25 on a perfect as a successor member this fall. A student at the Friends School in Spring Saturday for a tour of Fort Baltimore, Hunter is spending the fall at the prestigious School for Mifflin, south of Philadelphia. The New Ethics and Global Leadership in Washington. The Davis family Jersey group started at Fort Mercer traces its lineage to two brothers who served as officers in the on the eastern bank of the Delaware Pennsylvania line. River and were joined by the Pennsylvanians at Fort Mifflin on Mud Island on the western bank. Lunch Friends of Independence National Historical Park; “We want as little busing to get to venues as was served inside the fort, followed by the National Park Service; Bartram’s Gardens possible,” said Jim Pringle, the state society’s vice a guided tour of the stone fortress and (oldest surviving botanic garden in North president. “By staying in the historic district, we demonstration of musketry and America); the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts; can minimize all forms of transportation,” Pringle Revolutionary War cannon. The the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, Free and explained. “We will concentrate the activities so dogged defense of Fort Mifflin by Accepted Masons; The Barnes Foundation (art they’re easily walkable, as much as possible.” American soldiers under constant museum); and The Barnes Arboretum (gardens).
    [Show full text]
  • Naval Documents of the American Revolution, Volume 1, Part 8
    Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 1 AMERICAN THEATRE: Dec. 1, 1774–Sept. 2, 1775 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Dec. 6, 1774–Aug. 9, 1775 Part 8 of 8 United States Government Printing Office Washington, 1964 Electronically published by American Naval Records Society Bolton Landing, New York 2012 AS A WORK OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THIS PUBLICATION IS IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. EUROPEAN THEATRE From June 29, 1775, to Aug. 9, 1775 EUROPEAN THEATRE From June 29, 1775, to August 9, 1775 SUMMARY Even the news of Lexington had not aroused George I11 or his Ministers to the seriousness of the revolt in the American colonies. Were not three major generals and three more regiments of infantry already on the high seas to rein- force Thomas Gage's force? And had not the Admiralty been ordered to aug- ment Samuel Graves's squadron by such a number of frigates as would suffice to secure obedience to the Restrictive Acts recently enacted, and prevent succour from the southern colonies reaching New England? Hhere seemed little doubt in the British mind that with "One tolerable Drubbing," rebel resistance would collapse. Warnings from Whig leaders that conquest would not be so simple, and that possible loss of the American colonies would leave the Empire an easy prey to revengeful France, were discounted as political clap-trap. France was in no position to capitalize upon the American troubles, and her partner, Spain, engrossed in the Mediterranean, could be discounted entirely. So thought the Ministry. As far as concerned Spain, this conclusion was justified.
    [Show full text]