284 Eyewitness Images from the American Revolution

Home , Battle of Quebec (1775), Firle Place, Fort Mercer, Fort Mifflin, HMS Pearl (1762), HMS Romney (1762)

Index

Academy of Fine Arts, 242 Barker, John, 61 Betsy, 163 Academy of Philadelphia, 81 Baron de Coehorn, 75 Blackburn, Joseph, 40 Academy of the Arts, 164 Baron von Clausen, 217 Board of Ordnance, 29 Adams, John, 20, 39, 79, 81, 91, 148, 172, Barrett, James, 57, 59 Bogert, Matthew, 131 187, 210, 225-26 Basham, Peter, 5 Bolton, Connecticut, 238 Adams, Samuel, 34, 39, 40, 42, 44, 49, 82 Basking Ridge, New Jersey, 141 Bonetta, 223 Administration of Justice Act, 45 Battle of Bemis Heights, New York, 159, 161, Boston, 31, 33-36, 39-40, 44-49, 51-52, 59, Albany, New York, 90, 91, 157, 159-60, 166, 165, 167, 171 61-62, 65-67, 69, 71-72, 74-75, 77-79, 82- 169, 175 Battle of Brandywine, Pennsylvania, 177, 179, 83, 89-91, 93, 99-100, 169, 172, 197 Allen, Ethan, 89 247 Boston Harbor, 44, 62, 94 Allen, William, 163 Battle of Bunker Hill, Massachusetts, 65, 71, Boston Massacre, 33-34, 39-40, 42, 44 America, 28, 29 74-75, 77-78, 82, 89, 129, 173, 215-16 Boston Neck, 46 American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 69 Battle of Camden, South Carolina, 203 Boston Port Act, 44-45 American Customs Board, 35, 45 Battle of Cowpens, South Carolina, 203, 209 Boston Public Library, 5 American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 5 Battle of Freeman’s Farm, 171 Boston Tea Party, 34, 44, 49, 66 American Revolution, 20-21, 25-29, 35, 37, Battle of Germantown, Pennsylvania, 181, Boswell, James, 240 39-40, 42, 47, 59, 67, 69, 75, 85-86, 91, 183-84 Brandywine Creek, Pennsylvania, 177 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 114, 121, 127, Battle of Germantown, artwork, 184 Brant, Joseph, 239, 241-43 130, 132, 155, 159-61, 165, 167, 172-74, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, North Carolina, Brant, Molly, 239 184, 189, 191-93, 195, 197, 199, 201, 204 Bray, Gabriel, 86 204, 209-10, 213, 215, 219, 221-23, 227, Battle of Long Island, New York, 113-15, 117, Breed’s Hill, Massachusetts, 71-72, 77 229-30, 233-35, 238-39, 241, 243, 245, 155, 191 Breed’s Pasture, Massachusetts, 71 247-48, 260 Battle of Monmouth, New Jersey, 193-95, 199 Brigade of Foot Guards, 111 Amherst, Jeffrey, 132, 230 Battle of Monmouth, Virginia, 223 Brigade of Guards, 194 Anburey, Thomas, 165-66 Battle of Newtown, 242 Brighton, England, 25 André, John, 234 Battle of Princeton, New Jersey, 143, 149, 151- Britain, 31-34, 43, 44, 45, 46, 65, 66 Andrews, Raymond J., 5 52, 188, 191 British Admiralty, 94 Annapolis, Maryland, 100, 151, 233-34 Battle of Quebec, Canada, 247 British Army, 25, 35, 43, 45, 46, 47, 49, 66, Appalachian Mountains, 226 Battle of Saratoga, New York, 159-60, 165, 74, 89, 111, 121, 122, 132, 135, 175, 179, Arnold, Benedict, 49, 51, 86, 89-90, 159, 161, 169, 172-73, 203 180, 193, 194, 213, 223, 229, 230 170, 177, 203, 234-35, 247-48 Battle of Trenton, New Jersey, 143, 188, 191 British Constitution, 31, 32 Arnold Expedition, 86, 246-47 Battle of Yorktown, Virginia, 217 British East India Company, 33, 44, 82 Articles of Capitulation, 219, 221, 223 Baurmeister, Carl Leopold, 121 British Empire, 31, 32 Ashley River, South Carolina, 205 Bavaria, Germany, 69 British marines, 75 Auch, France, 125 Bayonne, New Jersey, 105 British Museum, 229 Ayrshire, Scotland, 137 Beacon Hill, Boston, 71 Brooklyn Heights, New York, 114, 117 Bedminster, New Jersey, 141 Brooklyn Museum of Art, 100 Baltimore, Maryland, 220 Bemis Heights, New York, 170, 247 Brooklyn, New York, 93, 105, 106, 113, 114, Barbados, 81 Berczy, William Moll, 239, 242 143 Barber, John Warner, 62 Bergen Neck, New Jersey, 105 Brooks, Noah, 90

284 EYEWITNESS IMAGES FROM THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION Brooks, Victor, 90 Clinton, Henry, 71, 79, 111, 114, 121, 146, Dartmouth University, 239 Brown, Thaddeus , 48 171, 180, 193, 194, 203, 205, 220, 221, Davies, Thomas, 29, 71, 74, 127, 129, 131, Bruen, Henry, 136 223 132 Buchanan, John, 5, 179 Cliveden, Germantown, Pennsylvania, 181, Dawes, William , 47 Buckminster, Lawson, 215 182 Deane, Silas, 81 Bunker Hill, Massachusetts, 62, 71, 73-74, Cochrane, Julie, 5 Death of General Warren at the Battle of 111, 113 Coercive Acts, 34, 45 Bunker Hill, 174 Burgoyne, John, 71, 89, 157, 159-61, 165-67, College of New Jersey, Princeton, 82, 143, de Chastellux, Marquis, 217, 219 169-77, 180, 188, 233, 241 188 Decker’s Ferry, New York, 105 Burr, Aaron, 246, 247 College of Philadelphia, 163 Declaration of Independence, 102, 173, 233 Butler, John, 241-42 Colored Patriots of the American Revolution, de Grasse, Comte, 220 Butler’s Rangers, 241 The, 217 de la Corne, Luc, 170 Buttrick, John, 59 Columbia University, New York, 188, 239 de Lafayette, Marquis, 219, 230 Combs Hill, New Jersey, 194 de Lancey, James P., 179 Cadwalader, John, 149 Committees of Correspondence, 39, 42, 230 Delaware, 191, 199 Cambridge, Massachusetts, 51-52, 90, 172 Committees of Observation, 230 Delaware Regiment, 191 Campbell, Archibald, 203 Concord Expedition, 77 Delaware River, New Jersey, 91, 139, 140, Canada, 19, 20, 43, 169, 175, 176, 242 Concord, Massachusetts, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 142, 143, 146, 176, 177, 181, 220 Cape Diamond, Quebec, 85 52, 53, 57, 59, 61, 65, 66 della Gatta, Xavier, 181-82 Caribbean, 193 Concord militia, 57 Deptford, England, 23 Caribbean Islands, 45 Concord, New Hampshire, 67 Des Barres, Joseph Frederick Wallet, 91, Castle, William, 44 Concord River, 57 93-94, 205 Catholic Relief Act, 28 Coney Island, New York, 106 Deux-Ponts French Regiment, 215 cavalry, 25 Congreve Rocket, 195 de Verger, Jean Baptiste , 215 Cayuga tribe, 239 Congreve, William, 1st Baronet, 195, 197 Dobbs Ferry, New York, 129 Chancellor of the Exchequer, 32 Congreve, William, 2nd Baronet, 195 Doolittle, Amos, 49, 51, 52, 53, 57, 59, 61, Chappel, Alonzo, 245 Connecticut, 43, 81, 114, 238 62, 235 Charkson, Matthew, 247 Connecticut Journal, 52 Dover, England, 23 Charles River, Massachusetts, 47, 71 Constitution, US, 238 Dowdeswell, Thomas, 111 Charleston Neck, South Carolina, 205 Continental Army, 79, 82, 89, 90, 97, 118, dragoons, 25, 26 Charleston, South Carolina, 175, 203, 225 128, 130, 161, 169, 172, 173, 191, 194, Draper, Lyman C., 245 Charlestown, 71 199, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 219, 231, Dublin, Ireland, 26 Charlestown Peninsula, Massachusetts, 71 233, 237, 275 Duke of Cumberland, 29, 32 Charlestown, South Carolina, 205 Continental Congress, 52, 85, 91, 97, 157, Dutch East India Company, 34 Charlotte, North Carolina, 203 170, 193, 227, 231, 233, 234, 263 Duval, Claude-Jean, 238 Chemung River, New York, 241 Cooley, Samuel, 238 Cherry Valley, New York, 241, 242 Cooper River, South Carolina, 205 Earl, Ralph, 49, 51, 52, 164, 235, 236, 237, 238 Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, 91, 177, 220 Copley, John Singleton, 39-40, 42, 49, 65-66, Easton, Pennsylvania, 241 Cheshire, Connecticut, 49 75, 78-79, 82, 109, 164, 172, 184 East Providence, Rhode Island, 69 Chester, Pennsylvania, 181, 220 Copley, Mary Singleton, 40 Edinburgh, Scotland, 197 Chestertown, Maryland, 151 Cornwallis, Charles, 100, 131, 132, 135, 139, Edinburgh University, Scotland, 229 Church, Benjamin, 67 140, 142, 193, 203, 204, 209, 219, 220, Edison, Thomas, 69 Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, 237 221, 223, 225 Eleventh Pennsylvania Regiment, 199 Clarke, Richard, 82, 83 Corps of Engineers, 28, 107, 109 Elk River, Maryland, 177 Clarke, Susanna Farnham, 82 Council of Safety, 230 Elliott, William, 85-86 Clarke, Thomas, 149 Cowpens, South Carolina, 203 Elmira, New York, 241 Clarke, William, 149 Croton River, New York, 129 England, 29, 35, 43, 44, 47, 111, 162 Clark, Francis Rush, 135, 136, 137, 143 Cruger, Nicholas, 187 English Bill of Rights, 35 Cleaveland, Benjamin, 197 Custis, George Washington Parke, 188 Erskine, William, 136 Clerke, Francis Carr, 160, 165, 166, 167 Custom House, 39 Europe, 45 Cleveley, John, 23, 118 Ewald, Johann, 131, 219 Cleveley, Robert, 22, 23, 118, 119 Dalton, Richard, 164 Falmouth, Maine, 101

Index 285 Fairfax, George William, 103 Fraser, Simon, 167, 169, 171 Haldimand, Frederick, 242 Farington, Joseph , 161 Fredericksburg, Virginia, 220 Halifax, Nova Scotia, 32, 40, 206 Faucett, Rachel, 187 Fred W. Smith National Library, Mount Hamilton, Alexander, 185, 187, 188, 189, Federalist Papers, 85 Vernon Virginia, 5 237 Ferguson, Patrick, 177, 179 Freehold, New Jersey, 193, 194 Hamilton, James, 187 Ferguson rifle, 177, 179, 180 French and Indian War, 19, 29, 43, 47, 89, Hamilton, William, 183 Ferling, John, 5 128, 146, 230, 239 Hancock, John, 33, 35, 39, 49, 82, 97, Fermi, Enrico, 69 French Army, 213 99-100 ffrench, John [sic], 5 Harcourt, William, 141 Fifty-second British Regiment, 181 Gage, Margaret Kemble, 65, 73 Harlem Heights, New York, 123, 125, 127, Fifty-second Regiment, 182 Gage, Thomas, 32, 43, 45, 46, 47, 57, 65, 67, 130 Firle Place, Sussex, 65 69, 71, 75, 180 Harlem, New York, 123 First and Second Grenadiers, 194 Gainsborough, Thomas, 69, 103, 148 Harrison, Robert Hanson, 188 First Connecticut Regiment, 172 Galloway, Joseph, 34, 142, 145, 157, 230 Hart, Emma, also known as Amy Lyons, 183 First Continental Congress, 34, 42, 45, 79, Galt, John, 162 Hartley, David, 227 230 Garrick, Edward, 39 Harvard College, 39 First Maryland Regiment, 141, 152 Gates, Horatio, 98, 159-61, 169-72, 188, 203 Harvard University, Cambridge, 69, 172 First Rhode Island Regiment, 217 General Orders of the Army, 219 Heath, William, 118, 128 Fitzpatrick, John, 234 Georgia, 34, 45, 203 Hervey, Augustus, 148 FitzRoy, Augustus, 33 Gérard, Conrad-Alexandre, 148 Hesen-Cassel, 244 Flatbush, Brooklyn, 114 Germain, George, 157, 176, 203 Hesse-Kassel Col. Ludwig Wurmb, 247 Fleming, Thomas, 5 Germantown, Pennsylvania, 181, 182 Hessen-Cassel, Germany, 114 Florence, Italy, 242 Germantown Pike, Pennsylvania, 181 Hessians, 111, 114, 129, 131, 146, 169, 230 Florida, 19, 32, 43 Gist, Mordecai, 220 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 152 Foot Guards, British Army, 165 Goodspeed, Charles, 62 Hitchcock, Daniel, 149 Fort Edward, New York, 170 Gordon, George, 28 Hitchcock, Eliakim, 49 Fort George, New York, 90 Gordon Riots, London, 28 Hitchcock, Enos, 173 Fort Hill, New York, 105 Gordon, William, 66 HMS Asia, 117-18 Fortieth British Regiment, 182 Gore, Obadiah, 242 HMS Eagle, 105, 136 Fortieth Regiment, 181 Göttingen University, Lower Saxony, HMS Greyhound, 105 Fortieth Regiment of Foot, 223 Germany, 165 HMS Lively, 44 Fort Lee, New Jersey, 118, 123, 124, 125, Governor’s Island, New York, 122 HMS Lord Hyde, 241 129, 131, 132, 135, 139, 140 Grand River, Canada, 242 HMS Pallas, 86 Fort Mercer, Pennsylvania, 181 Grant, James, 113 HMS Pearl, 85, 130 Fort Mifflin, Pennsylvania, 177, 181 Graydon, Alexander, 114, 179 HMS Phoenix, 125 Fort Necessity, Pennsylvania, 98 Great Britain, 19, 21 HMS Romney, 33 Fort Niagara, New York, 242 Great Lakes, 85 HMS Royal Oak, 22 Fort Stanwix, New York, 170, 241 Great Redoubt, Bemis Heights, New York, HMS Tartar, 124, 125 Fort St. John’s, Canada, 169 167 Hoffmann, Nicolaus, 213 Fort Ticonderoga, New York, 89, 90, 169, Greene, Nathanael, 90, 121, 124, 127, 128, Hogarth, William, 69, 103 170, 173, 175, 177 129, 185, 188, 203, 209, 210, 220, 230 Horsford, Eben Norton, 69 Fort Washington, New York, 118, 123-25, Green Mountain Boys, 89 Howard, John Eager, 209, 210, 211, 237 127-31, 146 Greenwich Village, New York, 123 Howe, Richard, 105, 113 Fort Western, Maine, 246 Grenville, George, 32 Howe, William, 71, 89, 105, 113, 114, 117, Fort York, Canada, 224, 243 Grim, Ronald, 5 125, 129, 135, 139, 140, 143, 145, 146, Fourth Battalion of the British Royal Grosvenor, Thomas, 78 155, 157, 169, 175, 176, 177, 180, 181, Regiment of Artillery, 195 Gulf of Mexico, 29 182, 193, 197, 241 Fox, Charles, 226 Gullager, Christian, 248 Hudson River, New York, 90, 91, 118, 122, Francastel, Nicolas-Jean, 238 131, 139, 140, 141, 143, 157, 161, 164, France, 19-20, 101-2, 172, 219-220, 225, 227 Hackensack, New Jersey, 129, 139 166, 167, 170, 171, 175 Franklin, Benjamin, 20, 34, 103, 225 Hagist, Don N., 5, 119, 256 Hudson’s Bay, Canada, 29 Franklin, William Temple, 225 Haidt, John Valentine, 162 Humphreys, David, 233

286 EYEWITNESS IMAGES FROM THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION Humpton, Richard, 139-40, 142 Lefferts, Charles Mackubin, 245 Massachusetts Provincial Congress, 62, 67 Hunter, James, 181-82 Leghorn, Italy, 163 Massacre on King Street, Boston, 39 Hutchison, Thomas, 39 L’Enfant, Pierre, 237, 238 Massiot, Gamaliel, 74 Leutze, Emanuel, 245, 247 Mathes, Mark, 6 Independence Hall, Philadelphia, 152, 192 Lexington, 48 Mawhood, Charles, 149, 150 India, 29 Lexington Alarm, 51, 62, 69, 71, 74-75, 77, Mayer, Holly, 213 Inns of Court, London, 82 79, 83 May, John, 248 Intolerable Acts, 45 Lexington, Massachusetts, 47, 52-53, 57 McBarron, H. Charles, 245, 246 Ireland, 35-36, 202 Liberty, 33, 35 McCrea, Jane, 170 Iroquois, 241 Library of Congress, 235 McHenry, James, 234 Iroquois Confederation, 91, 239 Lincoln, Benjamin, 205, 219, 222 McLane, Allen, 191-92 Iroquois Nation, 241 Linnean Society of London, 133 Melford Hall, England, 125 Iroquois tribe, 239, 241-43 Livingston, Catharine, 189 Mengs, Anton Raphael, 163 Irving, Washington, 245 Livingston, Henry Brockholst, 247 Mercer, Hugh, 149, 152 Livingston, William, 189 Mercer, William, 152 Jay, John, 225, 226 Lockwood, James , 52 Merton College, Oxford, 223 Jefferson, Thomas, 45, 162, 173, 211 London, 26-29, 33-34, 44, 46, 49, 69, 73, Mifflin, Mary, 79 Jersey City, New Jersey, 121, 235 77-78, 99, 109, 132, 157, 169, 193, 197, Mifflin, Sarah Morris, 82 Johnson, William, 239, 243 229, 230, 234 Mifflin, Thomas, 79, 81, 82 Jones, Thomas, 142 London Bridge, 125 Minutemen, 230 Long Island, New York, 91, 93, 136 Mississippi River, 19, 29, 85, 204, 226 Kemble, Margaret, 43 Long Island Sound, 125 Mitchell, John, 229 Kemble, Peter, 43 Long Wharf, Boston, 35, 36, 40 Mohawk River, New York, 91, 160, 239 Kew, 21 Lord Dartmouth, 46 Mohawk River Valley, New York, 169 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, 183 Lord North, 33, 225-26, 240 Mohawk tribe, 239, 241 King George III, 21, 29, 33, 44, 69, 70, 101, Lord Rockingham, 225 Monmouth Courthouse, 193 162, 164, 165, 197, 203, 223, 229, 240 Lossing, Benson J., 245 Montagu, John, 21, 22, 75 King’s Bridge, New York, 123, 125 Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, 94 Montbéliard, France, 93 Kings College, New York, 239 Lower Saxony, Germany, 165 Montgomery, Richard, 85 King’s Highway, 140 Lutz, Valerie, 5 Montreal, Canada, 19, 91, 239 King Street, Boston, 36 Montresor, Frances Tucker, 109 Kips Bay, New York, 117, 118, 119, 123, 143 Mackay, James, 98 Montresor Island, New York, 109 Knox, Henry, 89, 90, 152, 181, 188, 230 Mackenzie, Frederick, 121 Montresor, John, 109, 175 Kooij, Nina, 6 Madison, James, 173, 231, 233 Moor’s Indian Charity School, Connecticut, Kosciusko County, Indiana, 164 Mad Magazine, 246 239 Kosciusko, Mississippi, 164 Magaw, Robert, 127, 129 Morgan, Daniel, 170, 203, 209, 210, 230, Kosciuszko Bridge, New York, 164 Maidstone Prison, Kent, England, 109 247 Kosciuszko, Tadeusz, 160, 161, 162, 164, Maine, 86 Morris, Robert, 103 167, 170 Manhattan in Maps, 122 Morristown, New Jersey, 140, 155, 175 Manhattan Island, New York, 91, 93, 105, Mount Defiance, New York, 169-70, 173 Lafayette, 220 114, 117-18, 121, 123-25, 235 Mount Vernon, Virginia, 234, 238 Lake Champlain, New York, 85, 89, 169 Marquis de Lafayette, 100 Mount Vesuvius, Italy, 182 Lake George, New York, 89, 90 Marquis of Rockingham, 32 Mount Washington, New York, 123 Lake Ontario, Canada, 169, 224 Marshelsea Prison, London, 125 Mud Island, 177 Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 162, 185, 202 Martin, Joseph Plumb, 117 Mulberry Grove, Georgia, 204 Laurens, Henry, 185, 225-26 Maryland, 199, 209, 211, 219, 233-34 Munich, Germany, 69 Laurie, Walter, 59 Maryland Historical Society, 211 Murray, James, 223 Lawrenceville, New Jersey, 146 Massachusetts, 34, 42, 44-46, 71, 86 Mystic River, Massachusetts, 71-72 Lebanon, Connecticut, 172, 217 Massachusetts charter, 40 Lee, Arthur , 33, 44 Massachusetts Committee of Safety, 51 Naples, Italy, 182-84 Lee, Charles, 93, 129, 139, 140, 142, 193-94 Massachusetts Government Act, 45 Nassau Hall, College of New Jersey, 143 Lee, Richard Henry, 31 Massachusetts militia, 45, 49 National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, 133

Index 287 National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, Ommanney, Cornthwaite, 125 Pine, Robert Edge, 101-3 England, 86 Oneida tribe, 239, 241 Pitcairn, John, 46, 53, 57, 77 National Maritime Museum, London, 119 Onondaga tribe, 239 Pitcairn, Thomas, 77 National Park Service, 103 Ontario Province, 243 Pitt, William, 32 Neil, William C., 217 Oswald, Richard, 225, 227, 229 Pluckemin, New Jersey, 152 Nelson, Horatio, 184 Otis, James, 31 Poor, Enoch, 185 Netherlands, 148 Otis, Warren Mercy, 37 Poor, Salem, 78 Newark, New Jersey, 139, 140 Oval Office, 97 Port of Boston, 44 New Brunswick, New Jersey, 65, 100, 139, Port Richmond, New York, 105 140, 155, 175, 176 Paine, Thomas, 101 Portsmouth, England, 21, 44 New England, 43, 46, 86, 89 Palisades, New Jersey, 131 Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 46, 67 New England Provincial Army of Paoli Massacre, Pennsylvania, 183 Potter, Paulus, 197 Observation, 62 Paris, France, 69, 173, 193, 211, 225-26 Powles Hook, 121 New England Provisional Army of Parker, Hyde, 125 Prescott, William, 71 Observation, 79 Parker, John, 53 Preston, Thomas, 39 Newfoundland, Canada, 94 Parker, Jonas, 53 Prince Edward Island, Canada, 94 New Hampshire, 215 Parliament, 20, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 Princeton, New Jersey, 140, 146, 148-49, New Hampshire militia, 67 Peacock, George, 182 155, 175 New Haven, Connecticut, 49, 52, 62, 235 Peale, Charles Willson, 97, 99, 113, 115, 141, Princeton University Art Museum, New New Jersey, 19, 43, 100, 124, 127, 129-31, 143, 147, 148, 149, 160, 164, 185, 188, Jersey, 152 135, 139, 141, 175, 177, 188, 193 191, 192, 199, 209, 219, 247 Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, New Jersey military campaign, 143 Peale, James, 141, 149-52, 159, 191-92, 219 82, 143 New Jersey militia, 139, 140, 146 Peeble, John, 155 Proclamation of 1763, 32 New Jersey Palisades, 125, 130 Peekskill, New York, 189 Province of Ontario, Canada, 224 New Orleans, 85 Pelham, Henry, 42, 49 Provincial Army of Observation, 51, 71, 82 Newport, Rhode Island, 220, 236 Pelham, Peter, 40 Punitive Acts, 45 Newtown Creek, Brooklyn, New York, 118 Penington, Edward, 162 Punkatasset Hill, Massachusetts, 57, 59 Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, 162 Pennsylvania, 34, 73, 111, 143, 145, 171, Purveyor of the Royal Art Collection, 164 New Utrecht, New York, 113 199, 241 Putnam, Israel , 43 New York, 40, 43-44, 46, 65, 86, 93, 94, 97, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Putnam, Rufus, 128 101, 105, 135-36, 177, 187-88, 193, 203- Philadelphia, 147 Pyle, Howard, 245 4, 215, 220, 238-39, 241-42 Pennsylvania legislature, 147 New York City, 43, 91, 93, 106, 109, 111, Pennsylvania militia, 202 Quakers, 162, 185 117-18, 121-23, 131, 135, 162, 174, 194, Pennsylvania Navy, 140 Quebec, Canada, 19, 85, 86, 91, 94, 133, 242 197, 203, 220, 230, 235, 237-39, 241 Pennsylvania State House, 103 Queen Charlotte, 197 New York Harbor, 91, 94, 136, 175, 177, Percy, Earl, 45, 48, 61-62, 66, 77 Queen’s Rangers, 223 205, 241 Perrine farm, Freehold, New Jersey, 194 New York Historical Society, New York City, Perth Amboy, New Jersey, 155, 175 Rall, Johann, 146 152, 245 Peter the Great, 21 Ramsey, Allan, 197 New York National Guard, 245 Petty, William, 225 Randall’s Island, New York, 109 Nicola letter, 233 Philadelphia, 34, 40, 45-46, 49, 79, 81-82, Raritan River, New Jersey, 139, 140 Nicola, Lewis, 233 91, 97, 100-101, 103, 152, 161-62, 175- Ratzer, Bernard, 121, 122 Nicole, Pierre, 175, 177 77, 179-81, 185, 191 Reading, Pennsylvania, 185 North America, 19-20, 29, 43 Philadelphia Associators, 115 Reagan, Ronald, 97 North Bridge, Concord River, 57, 59 Philadelphia militia, 140, 146, 149, 150 Reed, Joseph, 81 North, Frederick, 33, 157 Philadelphia Museum, 192 Rees, John U., 213 Norwich, England, 237 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 140, 145, 157, Reinagle, Philip, 197 Nova Scotia, Canada, 32, 46, 94 161, 169, 175, 181, 185, 191, 193, 199, Remick, Christian, 35 202, 209, 219, 230 Resignation of General Washington, The, 174 Ogden, Matthias, 193 Phillips, William, 169 Revere, Paul, 35, 40, 42, 47, 82 O’Hara, Charles, 222 Pigot, Robert, 72 Revolutionary War, 25, 26, 103, 135, 137, Ohio Valley, 19 Pilgrims, 43 139, 143, 148, 160, 164, 169, 174, 187,

288 EYEWITNESS IMAGES FROM THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 188, 195, 197, 206, 213, 215, 217, 225, Scottish Highlands, 29 Stiles, Ezra, 227 237, 245, 246, 247, 268 Second Company of Guards, 49 St. James Park, London, 27-29 Reynolds, Joshua, 70, 103 Second Connecticut Foot Guards, 62 St. Lawrence River, Canada, 85, 94 Rhea, David, 194 Second Continental Congress, 79, 230 St. Leger, Barry, 241 Rhea Farm, Freehold, New Jersey, 194 Second Continental Dragoons, 173 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 217 Rhode Island, 119, 217 Second Pennsylvania Regiment, 199, 202 Strutt, John, 135 Richard Varick, 235 Seidel, John L., 152 Stuart, Gilbert, 247 Richelieu River, Canada, 169 Seneca tribe, 239 Stuart, John, 31 Rising Sun Tavern, Philadelphia, 192 Serres, Dominic, 123, 125 Sullivan Expedition, 152, 241, 242 Robertson, Archibald, 29, 105, 107, 109, 136 Seven Years War, 19, 20, 22, 31-32, 43, 101, Sullivan, John, 142, 241 Rochambeau, Comte de, 219-20, 222 122, 169 Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, Rodney, Thomas, 149 Seymour, Thomas Young, 173 143 Rolfe, Sarah Walker, 67 Shefiff, William, 136 Surveyor of the King’s Pictures, 162 Rome, New York, 170 Sherman, Roger, 52 Sussex, England, 65 Romney, George, 107 Shewell, Elizabeth, 164 Sutherland, William, 59 Royal Academy at Woolwich, 127 Shipley’s Drawing School, London, 26 Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Royal Academy of Arts, London, 29, 74, 78, Siege of Yorktown, Virginia, 219, 220, 222, Pennsylvania, 162 86, 103, 125, 162, 163 223, 225 Switzerland, 162 Royal Arsenal, 28 Sierra Leone, 225 Royal Artillery, 169, 195, 196, 197 Simcoe, John Graves, 223-24, 243 Tappen Zee, 125 Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, England, 70 Simmons Island, South Carolina, 205 Tarleton, Banastre, 203, 209 Royal College of Surgeons, London, 5 Six Nations Indians, 239, 241 Taylor, Dahl, 247-248 Royal Governor of Massachusetts, 39 Sixteenth Light Dragoons, 150, 194 Tea Act of 1773, 33-34 Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, England, Smallwood, William, 149, 152 Theodore, Charles, 69 74, 93, 105 Smith, Charles, 77 Thompson, Benjamin, 67, 69, 73 Royal Navy, 21, 22, 23, 29, 33, 36, 43, 44, Smith, William, 46-47, 57, 163 Thompson, Mary V., 5 47, 62, 71, 75, 77, 78, 85, 86, 89, 91, 93, Society of Artists, London, 65, 164 Thompson-Neely House, Washington 94, 97, 101, 105, 106, 117, 118, 121, Society of Iconophiles, 130 Crossing, Pennsylvania, 142 123, 124, 125, 127, 129, 143, 148, 155, Society of the Cincinnati, 235, 237-38 Thornbury Farm, 247, 248 175, 177, 194, 206, 220, 230, 241 Sons of Liberty, 35, 39, 42, 44, 82, 230 Throgs Neck, New York, 125 Royal Regiment of Artillery, 27 Southampton, England, 136 Tilghman, Tench, 139, 219 Rumford, 67 South Carolina, 203, 215 Timken Museum of Art, San Diego, 65 Rumford Chemical Works, 69 Spain, 226-27 Toronto, Canada, 224 Rumford Medal, 69 Spithead, England, 21 Tower of London, 174, 225 Rumford Prize, 69 Springeld, Michael, 5 Townshend, Charles, 32 Rush, Benjamin, 161, 189 Springfield, Pennsylvania, 162 Townshend duties, 43, 44 Spuyten Duyvil, New York, 164 Treaty of Paris, 19, 227, 229 Salem, Peter, 215 Square Tavern, Newtown Square, Trenton, New Jersey, 82, 100, 139-40, 142- Samuel Adams, 40 Pennsylvania, 162 43, 146, 149, 155 Sandby, Paul, 28, 29, 118 Squire, Edward, 75 Truman, Harry S, 217 Sandy Hook, New Jersey, 177, 194 Stamp Act, 32, 39, 44 Trumbull, John, 78, 103, 161, 169, 172-74, Sandy, Paul, 74 Standish, Miles, 43 233-34, 239, 247 Saratoga Battlefield, New York, 167 St. Andrew’s Church, Boston, 77 Trumbull, Jonathan, 93 Saratoga Campaign, New York, 247 St. Anne’s Church, Kew, England, 70 Tucker, St. George, 199 Saratoga, New York, 165, 171 Staten Island, New York, 91, 101, 105, 106, Tuscarora tribe, 239, 241 Savage, Edward, 101 111, 113, 241 Twenty-fourth Regiment, 165 Savage, John, 103 St. Clair, Arthur, 170 Twenty-third Regiment, 189 Savannah, Georgia, 203 St. Croix, 187 Scammell, Alexander, 191 St. Eustatius, 45 United States Naval Academy Museum, Schnitzer, Eric, 5 Stevens, Ebenezer, 173 Annapolis, 125 Schuyler, Philip, 43, 85, 170, 177, 235 Stewart, Walter, 199, 201, 202, 247 University of Basel, Switzerland, 93 Scotland, 29, 35, 136, 191 St. George, Richard, 182 University of Jena, Jena, Germany, 242

Index 289 Upper Canada, 224 Washington Crossing State Park, New Jersey, Wheelock, Eleazer, 239 142 Whitefoord, Caleb, 225 Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, 185, 187, 188, Washington, DC, 164, 173, 238 White House, 164 191, 193, 213, 230 Washington, George, 32, 43, 45, 79, 82, 85, White House art collection, 97, 100 van Blarenberghe, Louis-Nicolas, 221 89-91, 93, 97-100, 103, 105, 114-15, White, Hugh, 39 Vandeput, George, 118 117-18, 121, 123-25, 127, 129-30, 132, White, Pamela Patrick, 247 Van Ruisdael, Jacob, 197 135, 139-43, 146-50, 155, 157, 170, 172- White Plains, New York, 125, 127, 129 Van Schaicks Island, New York, 161 77, 179-81, 185, 187-89, 191, 193-94, Whitney, Eli, 204 Variations of the Kings Colors, 89 199, 203, 211, 214, 216, 219-20, 222, Whittemore, Cuff, 215 Varick, Richard, 235, 237, 238 229-30, 233-35, 237-38, 241-42, 245, Wilkinson, James, 165, 167 Vienna, Austria, 242 247 Williams, William, 162 Virginia, 31-33, 43, 45, 73, 79, 91, 111, 175, Washington Headquarters Museum, Wilmington, Delaware, 181 199, 204, 220 Morristown, New Jersey, 180 Wilson, David, 5 Virginia Regiment, 99 Washington, Martha, 189, 233 Wilson, Richard, 26 von Heister, Leopold Philip, 113-14 Washington, William, 209 Winterthur Museum, Wilmington, Delaware, von Knyphausen, Wilhelm, 129 Watchung Mountains, New Jersey, 140, 175, 125 von Muenchhausen, Ernst, 177 176 Woburn, Massachusetts, 67 von Rumford, Reichsgraf, 69 Wayne, Anthony, 189, 230 Wolfe, James, 19 Weare, Meschech, 185 Woodbridge, George C., 245-46 Wadmalaw Island, South Carolina, 205 Weedon, George, 220 Woolwich, England, 28, 197 Walker, Bemjamin, 233 Wells, Rebecca, 191 Worcestershire, England, 78 Wallerstein, Germany, 242 Wentworth, John, 67 writs of assistance, 32 Wanamaker, Rodman, 245 West Africa, 29 Ward, Artemas, 71, 246 West, Benjamin, 160-64, 172, 184, 225-26, Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, War of 1812, 151 234 Connecticut, 5, 148 War of the Austrian Succession, 125 Westbrook, Nicholas, 5 Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, Warren, James, 73, 78 West Indies, 29, 215 173-74, 204, 227 Warren, Joseph , 65 West, John, 162 York, Pennsylvania, 177, 185, 193 Warren, Mercy Otis, 167, 238 Westminster Abbey, 27 York River, Virginia, 204, 219-21 Washington, 129, 145, 148, 220 Westminster School, London, 65 Yorktown, Virginia, 204, 220-23, 233 Washington College, Chestertown, Maryland, West Point, New York, 164 152 Wheatley, Francis, 25, 26

290 EYEWITNESS IMAGES FROM THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION